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Piperazine (bis) p-toluenesulfonate (PPTSA), an organic single crystal was synthesized and grown at environmental temperature by slow evaporation process using methanol as the solvent. The grown PPTSA crystal is from the triclinic system and belongs to the space group P1-. Powder X-ray diffraction was performed to ensure lattice parameters. Analysis and confirmation of functional groups and bonds were carried out through FT-IR spectral study. The optical characteristics were investigated using the UV-Vis spectrum such as the optical absorption, cut-off wavelength were calculated. The photoluminescence investigation was conducted to assess the luminous characteristics of grown crystal. The calculated NLO parameters like β, n2, and χ(3) were found to be 0.0495×10-4 (cm/W), 8.705×10-10 (cm2/W), 5.316×10-7 (esu) and Optical Limiting threshold value was found to be 3.074×10-3 (Wcm-2). Antibacterial studies were carried out to investigate the biological significance against selected foodborne germs.

Introduction. In recent years, a growing variety of technical applications have necessitated the employment of more powerful equipment. Power electronics and megawatt power levels are required in far too many medium voltage motor drives and utility applications. It is challenging to incorporate a medium voltage grid with only one power semiconductor that has been extensively modified. As a result, in high power and medium voltage settings, multiple power converter structure has been offered as a solution. A multilevel converter has high power ratings while also allowing for the utilization of renewable energy sources. Renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic, wind, and fuel cells may be readily connected to a multilevel inverter topology for enhanced outcomes. The novelty of the proposed work consists of a novel modular inverter structure for solar applications that uses fewer switches. Purpose. The proposed architecture is to decrease the number of switches and Total Harmonic Distortions. There is no need for passive filters, and the proposed design enhances power quality by creating distortion-free sinusoidal output voltage as the level count grows while also lowering power losses. Methods. The proposed topology is implemented with MATLAB / Simulink, using gating pulses and various pulse width modulation methodologies. Moreover, the proposed model also has been validated and compared to the hardware system. Results. Total harmonic distortion, number of power switches, output voltage and number of DC sources are compared with conventional topologies. Practical value. The proposed topology has been very supportive for implementing photovoltaic based multilevel inverter, which is connected to large demand in grid.

Organic non-linear optical Benzimidazolium salicylate (BISA) single crystals have been harvested from methanol solution by slow evaporation method. The grown crystals belong to the monoclinic crystal system with space group P21/c. Good crystalline nature of grown BISA crystal was confirmed by PXRD. The FTIR spectrum analysis affirms the presence of functional groups in BISA crystal. From the UV‒Vis-Absorption spectrum, the lower cut-off wavelength (356 nm) and its energy band gap and linear refractive index were calculated. Luminescence spectrum was recorded to explore the emission peak at 426 nm. The mechanical strength of BISA crystal was determined by Vickers microhardness tester and mechanical parameters like C11, Hk, Kc, and Bi were calculated for the first time. Dielectric properties of grown crystals were systematically investigated for different temperatures. Further, electronic polarizability (α) were calculated using Penn analysis and Clausius‒Mossotti equation. Z‒scan measurement was taken to explore the third-order NLO properties of BISA crystal. For the first attempt, the BISA crystals were tested against five human pathogenic bacterial, i.e. Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri, Vibrio cholerae, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Existing results established that Benzimidazolium salicylate crystals might find useful applications in nonlinear optics and antimicrobial field.

Microwave heating (MHM) and mutated sol-gel (SGM) mechanisms were used to effectively create CuO samples with two dissimilar morphologies, such as nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) and nanorods (CuO-NRs), using Mussaendafrondosalinn plant extract as the bio-reducing operator. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) investigations were used to analyze the sample's structure, pureness, and morphological characteristics. UV-Visible diffuse reflectance (DRS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy methodologies were used to analyze optical properties and calculate bandgap energy. The bandgap of the samples was measured using the Kubelka-Munk mechanism, and it was found to be 2.74eV and 2.33eV for CuO-NPs and CuO-NRs, correspondingly. CuO-NPs and CuO-NRs were investigated for antibacterial activity versus each Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms using a modified disc diffusion method. When correlated to the sample CuO nanorods, the antibacterial study confirms that the sample CuO nanoparticles are high-grade antibacterial agents. Using solar lighting, the photocatalytic activity of CuO nano-reactants (CuO-NPs and CuO-NRs) for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye was investigated, and the findings revealed that CuO-NPs with tinier particle sizes degraded MB more than CuONRs.

The slow evaporation technique was used to successfully grown amino acid doped sodium acid phthalate (NaAP) crystals at room temperature. A great deal of research has been done on the effects of amino acids on NaAP growth and characteristics. X-ray diffraction was used to examine the crystal structure and lattice parameters of the grown crystals. Functional groups were found in the title crystals, which revealed themselves utilizing FTIR spectra. The optical transparency of the doped crystals was noticed by measurements of optical absorption. In order to assess the mechanical strength of the produced crystals, Vickers microhardness tests were employed. The technique of Kurtz powder was utilized to calculate the second harmonic generation (SHG) performance of the cultivated crystals.

Aim. The key motive was to investigate the toxicological impact of clofibrate and phenol prescribed under human medicine, having potential in water and sediments contamination via input from sewage treatment plants as active pharmaceutical compounds discharge into the environment had kindled present harmful effects on the aquatic ecosystem. Methods. The present study was performed on the fish model, Pangasius sp.. After acclimatization period, fishes were exposed to the appropriate LC50 concentration of the tested drugs. Their toxic effects were studied in terms of oxidative stress markers, antioxidant status, and protein damage levels in the occupancies environment under the action of bioremediation source, Artemisia pallens, and further proceeded by histopathological study and cortisol level measurements. Results. The results comparison between fish maintained under the bioremediation source, when exposed to clofibrate and phenol resulted in severe oxidative stress (significant at *P

In this modern era, (M/MO-NPs) Metal/metal oxide nanoparticles are utilized in various areas. The growth of nanoparticles is tremendous in our daily activities like beauty products, doses, delivery of drugs, and outfit. They can be set up by numerous strategies, for example, green amalgamation and the ordinary compound blend techniques. Green synthesis incorporates endless increase to deliver M/MO-NPs with requesting properties. In Bioengineering, the "green" combination has increased massive consideration as a trustworthy, dependable, and natural benevolent convention for orchestrating a wide scope of Nanomaterials including M/MO-NPs and bio propelled materials. Be that as it may, the utilization of plant extracts for this intention is profitable over organisms because of usability and less biohazard. Union of metal and MO-NPs by using the extract of plant fluid arrangement have increased consideration toward the green methodology and with no antagonistic impact on nature. The current article intends to survey the advancement made lately on nanoparticle biosynthesis by organisms. These microbial assets incorporate microorganisms, organisms, yeast, green growth, and viruses. This study predominantly centers on the biosynthesis of the most usually examined M/MO-NPs, for example, copper, cadmium, noble metals, platinum, titanium oxide, palladium, zinc oxide, and cadmium sulfide.