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It was analyzed polymorphism of DNA loci, flanked by inverted repeats of LTR retrotransposon Cassandra, in cell lines of bread wheat, resistant to the metabolites of ophiobolus root rot (G. graminis var. tritici), under osmotic stress and induced from them plant-regenerants. The differences in the polynucleotide sequences of DNA at the direct and step cell selection it was identified. Assessment of the level of genetic divergence showed that calluses obtained at the direct selection and calluses in the later stages of step selection were the most genetically distant from the original forms (D(NL) = 0.4855), this means that at the sublethal doses of selective factors occur the most significant changes at the genome of the investigated objects. In contrast to the original form at the spectra of products DNA amplification of calluses and regenerated plants showed the emergence of bands approximately 638 bp length, which may indicate the activation of retrotransposon Cassandra.

The lines of winter soft wheat developed in the Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute contain new effective introgressive Sr-genes. Line 85/06 possess SrAc1 gene, lines 47/06, 54/06, 82/06, 85/06, 87/06, 238/06, and 367/06 possess SrAc1 and SrAc2 derived from Aegilops cylindrica, line 352/06 - SrTe1 and SrTe2 from Triticum erebuni, line 12/86-04 - SrAd1 and SrAd2 from Amphidiploid 4 (Triticum dicoccoides x Triticum tauschii).

Recent insights into virus-host interaction have been compiled in this review, focusing on the genetic basis and the modern conception of the molecular mechanisms of pathogen (mostly viral) recognition by plants. The significance of plant signal transduction systems and their key factors are discussed. The possible role of different elicitors in signal transduction processes has been considered.

This paper gives a brief overview of the recent ideas about programmed cell death including apoptosis in animals and plants. Comparison of these processes in animal and plant cells in terms of physiological features has been presented. Necrosis as a form of pathological, not genetically programmed cell death has been characterized. Reflections about the meaning (the need) of apoptosis in the formation of hypersensitive response in plants and the role of programmed cell death in joint relations between pathogens and plants have been considered.

DNA polymorphism of wheat cellular lines resistant to culture filtrate of G. graminis var. tritici and regenerated plants has been investigated using ISSR-analysis. Specific changes in DNA sequence were revealed in resistant calluses. It was established, that all resistant cellular lines differed by the presence of specific amplicons of 2347 bp (primer 5'-TCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCG-3') and 1745 bp (primer 5'-AGAGAGAGAGAGAGAGTC-3'), as well as the absence of the amplicon of 1108 bp (primer 5'-ACACACACACACACACC-3') from the initial callus and the callus not exposed to the action of selective factor. These changes have been also revealed in R0 and R1 plants.

This paper gives a brief overview of the recent ideas about molecular and genetic mechanisms of plant resistance to viruses. Two plant antiviral strategies (R-gene-mediated mechanism and RNA-silencing) are considered. Examples of engineered virus resistance are presented.

Genotyping of F2-population from crossing of maize lines Odesskaya 139 and R221 contrasting on Fusarium rot resistance has been carried out. Codominant DNA-marker RGA11 to the locus determining Fusarium resistance was found out at the distance of 18.3 cM.

Morphogenetic activity of varieties, hybrids of sugar beet was investigated and a stuff with high morphogenetic potential in vitro was selected for further work. Activity of isolated metabolites of Pseudomonas genus bacteria and a possibility of their use as selective factors for cellular selection was investigated. Cellular clones and plants-regenerants of sugar beet were obtained on selective media and their resistance to bacterioses in conditions in vitro and in vivo were analyzed.