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In a market economy, countries seek to maximize the benefits of international exchange within their capacities. Small countries, unable to change world trade conditions for their benefit, liberalize markets in anticipation of benefiting from increased economic efficiency. Meanwhile, different countries choose different ways of foreign trade liberalization. After studying the international experience, two main ways of foreign trade liberalization have been distinguished - mutual and unilateral trade liberalization, each of which has its own varieties. Mutual liberalization of trade is carried out on a bilateral, regional and multilateral basis, and unilateral liberalization is manifested in two ways: autonomous and unilateral preferential liberalization. Mutual multilateral and unilateral autonomous forms of foreign trade liberalization are favorable in terms of ensuring free competition in international trade, whereas differentiated approaches to bilateral, regional and privileged forms of liberalization have patronage elements.