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Subject and Purpose. The improvement of the atmosphere brightness temperature measuring method at frequencies of about 100 GHz is considered. The possibilities of the atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO) remote sensing instrument, developed at Institute of Radio Astronomy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine were analyzed. They show that the functional of this instrument can be significantly expanded. It can provide more operational information about the troposphere, useful for aeronomy and radio astronomy. The purpose of this work is to improve the atmosphere brightness temperature measuring method in relation to the existing instrument. We determine the possibility of the spectroradiometer broadband channel to measure the sky brightness temperature. Methods and Methodology. A detailed analysis of the existing installation for monitoring atmospheric CO was carried out and the measurement method was improved. It is shown that the broadband channel of this instrument, created as a service, can be used to measure atmosphere brightness temperature. Such measurement will allow creating a database of the zenith brightness temperature of the sky at frequencies of about 100 GHz. Results. It is possible to create the base data of the brightness temperature of the sky at frequencies about 100 GHz. In order to do this, it is necessary to make only some modifications of the instrument. The main thing is to make changes to the data capture file of the broadband channel and create a program to convert the data obtained from the instrument into brightness temperature values according to the specified formulas. All necessary formulas for presenting observational results in the form of brightness temperatures are given. Conclusions. It has been proven that there is a possibility to create the base date of the troposphere brightness temperature over Kharkiv (Ukraine) at the frequencies of the short-wave part of the mm range. The high stability of the radiometric part of the installation allows determining the brightness temperature of the sky with an accuracy that is sufficient for aeronomical, radioastronomical and radiophysical studies. On the basis of analytical calculations and experimental data, the necessary modifications for creating such a base data are defined.

Subject and Purpose. The current research projects in astrophysics are in need of high-sensitivity scientific instruments. The accuracy and sensitivity of observations can be enhanced through the use of large radio telescopes and other radio frequency systems, as well as via application of diagnostic instruments intended for exploring the radio propagation conditions along the signal paths. The paths traverse all of the Earth’s outer structural shells, from the atmosphere to remote layers of the magnetosphere. The present work is aimed at developing a highly sensitive off-set radiometer, operable in the frequency range of 20…25 GHz (1.35 cm waveband) and capable of monitoring the atmosphere above large centimeter-wavelength radio astronomical instruments, such as the recently developed radio telescope RT-32. The instruments like that should help making account of the integrated tropospheric absorption of the signals arriving from space radio sources and artificial objects in the near space. Methods and Methodology. The modern software that is used for simulating operation of microwave circuits, and the high quality models of microwave units available on the market, allow analyzing various circuit options, thus enabling a full-fledged development of such devices. As long as the intended implementations of the radiometer suggest the use of exclusively standard, commercially available and preferably off-the-shelf components, the development was based on analyzing the parameters and layout of such units. Results. An ultra-high sensitivity, broadband radiometer for the 1.35 cm range has been developed, which is intended for measuring integrated tropospheric absorption of the relevant radio waves. The calculated noise factor of the instrument is 2.3 dB. The extended bandwidth and high stability of the radiometer elements will provide for a sufficient sensitivity of the instrument as operated in conjunction with the receive system of the RT-32 radio telescope. Conclusions. The high-sensitivity, broadband radiometer that has been developed will provide for a much greater operative accuracy of radio astronomical and radio physical research projects. The radiometer, which has potential for further modernization, has been designed for use with the multi-band, high-tech radio telescope RT-32 in the interests of radio astronomy and space science, in particular for monitoring and forecasting the state of atmospheric and space weather systems.

Subject and Purpose. A new method for detecting narrow band interferences is discussed, with the use of an example record of Jovian Io-C decametric radio storm as obtained with the UTR-2 array on April 10, 2020. We aimed at developing an efficient and simple algorithm based on a detailed analysis of the effect the radio interference environment and the frequency response of the telescope may have on the efficiency of the interference mitigation procedure. Methods and Methodology. The ‘orthogonal detection’ method proposed for identifying linear interference patterns in dynamic spectra of powerful radio sources has been adapted for application to narrow band interferences of various spectral widths and variable brightness, which often happen to be located close to (or intersect with) the signal of interest. In order to minimize the impact of the telescope’s frequency response, a discretized frequency-scanning technique is used, which permits a steady approximation of the averaged spectrum by low order polynomials, as well as removal of the frequency trend which hinders distinguishing between the low-level interference signals and those coming from the source. Results. An efficient approach to the problem of detecting long lasting, narrowband interference's in dynamical spectra (conditionally stationary interferences) is proposed. The algorithm has been tested on the example of a powerful storm of Jovian radio emission. The proposed technique can be especially useful in situations where the signal of interest overlaps with the interference in the time-frequency domain. Conclusions. The new approach to the problem of interference mitigation, based on the development of combined algorithms of signal separation in the time-frequency domain, has been shown to offer an effective method of signal processing. In contrast to the previously used methods based on calculation of statistical moments for amplitudes, the new approach allows avoiding use of the same statistical indicators for both interference detection and subsequent steps of data analysis intended for building physical models and interpreting the observational data.

This paper is an attempt of paying tribute to the memory of Leonid Mykolayovych Lytvynenko (LML), an outstanding Ukrainian scientist, Full Member of the National Academy of Sciences who worked most fruitfully in the fields of radio science and radio astronomy. Starting of 1985, Dr. Lytvynenko was, over a 30-plus years period, at the head of the Institute of Radio Astronomy, Acad. Sci. of the Ukrainian SSR (currently the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine) that had been established owing to his vigorous and direct participation in the process. In 1996 LML promoted foundation of a new scientific journal, namely the "Radio Physics and Radio Astronomy", which he devotedly served for, in the Editor-in-Chief capacity, during the 25 years that followed. Dr. L. Lytvynenko was one of the brightest representatives of the school of theoretical radio physics that had developed within the O. Usikov Institute for Radio Physics and Electronics in Kharkiv and further flourished within the Institute of Radio Astronomy. He is known as the founder of a new branch of radio science, specifically theory of electromagnetic wave diffraction and propagation through composite and multilayered periodic structures.

The object of this study was to study the energy consumption of the on-board computer of the CubeSat nanosatellite. The subject of this study is the on-board computer energy consumption model and its energy efficiency optimization method. The purpose of this work was to develop a model of an on-board computer’s energy consumption and a method of optimizing its energy efficiency, followed by an experimental verification of the effectiveness of this method. Task: justify the feasibility of finding new methods for optimizing the energy efficiency of the on-board computer of the CubeSat nanosatellite; prepare for the experiment, namely, develop a model of the on-board computer's energy consumption and a method of optimizing its energy efficiency, develop an experiment plan, and conduct measurement methodology; conduct experimental research and present the main results of the experiment; provide a meaningful interpretation of the obtained experimental results; generalize the conclusions, formulate the advantages and disadvantages of this work, and propose directions for further research. Conclusions. The power consumption of the on-board computers of nanosatellites must be reduced by hardware and software means. This study examines the effectiveness of known energy-saving methods for the authors' "Falco SBC 1.0" computing platform. These methods include dynamic frequency scaling (DFS), the race-to-dark (RTD) algorithm, and the combined algorithm, which proved to be the most effective. The results were idealized because they did not consider OS overhead. The proposed methodology can be used to evaluate other platforms. The following studies will consider the following areas: energy consumption in various processor energy-saving modes, overhead costs of multi-threaded real-time operating systems, and power management of non-processor components. Solving these problems remains an important area of scientific research.

Approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) are constantly updated due to the new results of clinical studies and in the process of revising international clinical guidelines. These updates need to be implemented in clinical practice. Therefore, on October 20, 2023, the II Ukrainian Forum of experts on AUB was held, the key provisions of which are outlined in this resolution. A new multi-level three-component classification system «HyPO-P + GAIN-FIT-PIE» developed by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) in 2022 was presented at the Forum. FIGO experts anatomically grouped the causes of ovulation disorders into 4 groups: I – hypothalamic, II – pituitary, III – ovarian, IV – polycystic ovary syndrome (first level HyPO-P). Also, this classification system includes the second level GAIN-FIT-PIE (genetic, autoimmune, iatrogenic, neoplastic; functional, infectious, inflammatory, traumatic, vascular; physiological, idiopathic, endocrine) and the third level with examples of specific conditions within the subgroups of the second level. Correct classification of ovulation disorders is important for the AUB diagnosis and management, since ovulation disorders are associated with disorders of the menstrual cycle characteristics, which leads to the development of functional AUB. In order to optimize the treatment of patients with AUB, the experts of the Forum developed an algorithm for the AUB management taking into account the individual approach and characteristics of the patient, which is based on the current FIGO classifications – PALM-COEIN (2018) and HyPO-P + GAIN-FIT-PIE (2022). According to this algorithm, patient management tactics depend on the type of disorders (structural, functional), the patient’s reproductive stage (adolescence, active reproductive age, perimenopause) and the need for contraception. Hormonal drugs (combined oral contraceptives and progestogens) are main direction of pharmacotherapy of functional AUB. The high efficiency of dydrogesterone among the progestogens has been proven, starting from the first cycle of therapy.

Objective of the study: to optimize non-hormonal therapy of menopausal syndrome in perimenopausal women. Materials and methods. 60 female patients aged 40–55 years with mild climacteric disorders were examined. Group I included 30 women who received a psychological consultation with recommendations on lifestyle and dietary correction, group II included 30 women who received Ayurvedic herbal drug Zintago 10 ml three times a day for three months a psychological consultation with recommendations on lifestyle and dietary correction. Patients were tested before treatment and 1 and 3 months after therapy according to the following scales: Spielberger-Hanin, PSM-25, MRS, and according to the SF-36 scale before treatment and 3 months after. Results. 1 (31.4 ± 1.9 points) and 3 (27.8 ± 2.3 points) months after treatment in the II group there was a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the indicator of personal anxiety according to the Spielberger scale in comparison with the initial level. There was a decrease in the index of situational anxiety from 36.4 ± 1.9 points before treatment to 26.2 ± 1.7 points (p < 0.05) in group II after 3 months of therapy. There were no significant clinical results in group I. According to the PSM-25 scale, a clinically significant effect was in both groups after 3 months of treatment, but in group II it was achieved faster, after only one month – from 154.7 ± 9.6 to 122.6 ± 8.3 points (p < 0.05). According to the SF-36 scale, a significant improvement in the quality of life in group I after 3 months of therapy was only in the indicators of social functioning (from 54.6 ± 7.1 points before treatment to 73.8 ± 5.8 after 3 months of therapy, p

On November 23, 2023, the V International Forum of Experts on Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT) was held. The Expert Council’s working group included leading experts in the field of endocrine gynaecology and related areas from Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Uzbekistan, and Ukraine. The Forum experts noted the importance of dialogue and understanding between doctor and patient, the need for interdisciplinary integration between doctors of those specialties that deal with women’s health issues. Close cooperation with related specialists who provide care to women is necessary, as they are often the ones who encounter the first manifestations of menopause in patients and can therefore refer them to an obstetrician-gynaecologist in a timely manner. The experts reviewed the issue of cardiovascular risk and MHT and determined the following benefit/risk ratio for the cardiovascular effects of MHT: • MHT is not recommended for women at high cardiovascular risk or with previous cardiovascular disease; • MHT may reduce the risk of CVD-related all-cause death in women < 60 years of age and with menopause of up to 10 years; • timely initiation of MHT (in women under 60 years of age or within 10 years of menopause) has the greatest cardiovascular health benefits. The forum updated the Algorithm for prescribing MHT in premature and early menopause and addressed the management of women with polycystic ovary syndrome in menopause. Since the majority of women with this syndrome are overweight and obese, they should use the most metabolically neutral drugs, i.e. those containing didrogesterone or progesterone, for MHT. MHT with didrogesterone has a favourable safety profile in relation to the most common risks of MHT: does not increase the risk of breast cancer and venous thromboembolism, has a favourable safety profile with respect to the endometrium, and does not affect metabolism.

Subject and Purpose. The writers aim at developing and testing a new method of interference mitigation, proceeding from the example of radio emissions from Jupiter. Its effectiveness is compared with the results of other workers, equally relating to the case of a significant overlapping, within the time-frequency window under analysis, of the areas occupied by the useful signal and the interference. Methods and Methodology. The analysis has revealed several fundamental limitations associated with the use of standard statistical methods for identifying sources of interference. A new approach is proposed that allows separating useful signals from interference in the time-frequency plane. It is based on the idea of transferring the statistical analysis from the space of signal amplitudes to such of linear patterns which are formed by maximal readings while the spectrograms are being scanned in time, frequency or otherwise. Results. Methods of statistical data processing have been suggested which allow analysis of signals of a variety of power levels against the background of interference of comparable intensity. This enables a detailed analysis of the time-frequency patterns demonstrated by signals with a broad range of parameter variations. The algorithms developed demonstrate stability against changes in the interference background conditions that may be caused either by human activity or by natural factors, such as, e.g. ionospheric perturbations, changes in the fronted frequency response of a receiver resulting from a changed antenna beam orientation, or else from Faraday’s polarization plane rotation in the radio emission being received. Conclusions. The necessity of creating new interference mitigation techniques is stipulated both by worsening of the general level of interference at radio frequencies, and by the growth of complexity in the sporadically emerging time-frequency patterns that result from the improved time and frequency resolutions in the course of signal reception. A significant progress has been achieved, owing exclusively to the fundamental modifications of the signal processing algorithms that are based on varying the direction of analysis in the time-frequency plane. Conclusions. The necessity of creating new interference mitigation techniques is stipulated both by worsening of the general level of interference at radio frequencies, and by the growth of complexity in the sporadically emerging time-frequency patterns that result from the improved time and frequency resolutions in the course of signal reception. A significant progress has been achieved, owing exclusively to the fundamental modifications of the signal processing algorithms that are based on varying the direction of analysis in the time-frequency plane.

This article delves into the profound impact of postmodernism on the trajectory and evolution of future public administration. The 20th century witnessed radical changes in worldview, marking the transition from modernity to postmodernity. The basic principles of postmodernism, encompassing deconstruction, fragmentation, future shock, and cultural relativism, have instigated a paradigm shift challenging traditional administrative frameworks (M. Foucault, J.-F. Lyotard, A. Toffler, etc.). The article explores how these postmodern tenets influence administrative practices, power structures, and the very nature of governance. Postmodernity is characterized by a unique attitude towards truth, acknowledging its relativity, and by decentration, the absence of a single center, replaced by multipolarity and globalization. “Post-truth” replaces truth, posing new challenges to the future of public administration. The public administration of the future will be shaped by existing trends, including Public-Private Partnerships (PPP), Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), etc. It will also depend on modern technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, data analysis, and data-driven decision-making, as underscored by the need for digitalization in response to the pandemic (according to EIB). However, alongside advantages, there are also challenges, such as issues of liability in the use of AI for future public administration. These risks can be mitigated through collaborative and participatory governance models, adaptive leadership, an emphasis on inclusivity, diversity, and social equity, addressing environmental concerns, advanced training courses, and other strategic measures.

Endometriosis affects 10% of all women of reproductive age, i.e. 190 million patients. Ukraine currently does not gather statistics on the incidence of endometriosis, but, at a rough estimate, this number is approximately 280 thousand women and the real number may be higher. Endometriosis has known significant social, medical and economic impact. Therefore, Ukrainian leading specialists in obstetrics and gynecology focus on new treatments for endometriosis, given current scientific data and the needs of patients. The given resolution and algorithms for treatment for endometriosis are the common stand of leading specialists in gynecology in our country and were developed on the basis of modern domestic and foreign data and current clinical guidelines. This resolution aims to improve clinical approaches to the routine practice of treatment for endometriosis. The constant increase in the incidence of endometriosis and its management characteristics allows to conduct an extensive study of the effectiveness and safety profile of various progestogens. In recent years, a number of further evidence have appeared regarding dydrogesterone treatment for endometriosis. New data on the effectiveness of dydrogesterone offer another hormone-based treatment for endometriosis, which is extremely important given the need for long-term and individualized treatment for endometriosis. The Europ ean Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) states that the degree of pain relief in endometriosis is the same for all hormone-based treatments, but the safety and tolerability profiles of different medicinal products differ, which must be considered. According to the obtained data on the effectiveness and metabolic safety profile of various progestogens and during the discussion, algorithms for dydrogesterone-based treatment for endometriosis were proposed.

Objective: to evaluate the clinical tolerability, effectiveness and stability of the therapeutic result when using different regimens for the treatment of recurrent bacterial vaginosis (BV) in women of reproductive age. Materials and methods. 105 women of reproductive age with diagnosed recurrent symptomatic BV participated in the study. The participants were randomized into three comparable groups of 35 women each. A ten-day primary decontamination of the vaginal tract was carried out in all groups: intravaginal administration of the drug Tergynan for group 1 and Femiril suppositories in groups 2 and 3. After the initial treatment patients of group 3 received the vaginal probiotic suppositories Alactel Femi for 15 days, after that they used it twice a week No. 10. The effectiveness of BV therapy was evaluated immediately after the antibacterial course and after a 6-month follow-up period based on the results of clinical examination and determination of vaginal pH. Results. Subjective and objective signs of bacterial infection were not detected in all participants after the course of vaginal decontamination. The pH of vaginal secretion was within the normal range and did not differ statistically between the groups. After 6 month, according to the results of a gynecological examination and pH test, one recurrence of BV was confirmed in group 1 and 2. The patients of group 3 had no complaints about manifestations of reinfection, which, in combination with the data of pH-metry, allowed confirming the absence of BV recurrences in them. Additional use of a probiotic in a complex with lactic acid in group 3 was associated with a stable normalization of the acid-alkaline balance of the vaginal secretion: 4.43 ± 0.12 and 4.39 ± 0.14 in groups 1 and 2, respectively, against 4.02 ± 0 ,12 in the 3rd group (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Obtained results indicate a more stable anti-relapse effectiveness and safety of the local use of Femiril, followed by the restoration of the physiological parameters of the vaginal biotope with a complex of probiotics and lactic acid in the Alactel femi. The effectiveness of this approach consists in combining the antibacterial effect of phytoextracts with the successive restoration of vaginal immunity and metabolism through persistent colonization of the mucous membrane with living lactobacilli of eubiotic origin.

The publication analyzes Ukraine’s cooperation with the European, American and Japanese markets, which plays an important role in the current conditions of development of foreign economic activity. Strategic directions of the State-based aid for the development of enterprises in Ukraine are substantiated, namely their managerial and financial aspects. This proves that the sphere of entrepreneurship, like any other social activity, is influenced by the regulatory policy on the part of the State. The relevance of the topic under consideration is that the integration of a naional economy into the world economy, which is currently a priority direction for Ukraine, should be carried out with the help of effective and sometimes innovative means of international cooperation. It should be noted that the substantiated position of managing the foreign economic activity of enterprises should be considered as a significant factor in improving the efficiency of economic activity both at the level of individual economic organizations and at the level of the country. Management of foreign economic relations of any contemporary country, as well as enterprises, is in a certain sense an integral part of both the world economy and the international economic relations. In view of this, the peculiarities, basic principles and methods of managing the foreign economic activity of Ukrainian enterprises are identified. The factors of internal and external environment, influencing the provision of foreign economic activity of enterprises are studied, their peculiarities are defined. The factors that limit business development opportunities in the Ukrainian and international markets are highlighted. Methods of ensuring foreign economic activity are proposed to use favorable opportunities as to maximizing the efficiency of enterprises, as well as to ensure the activation of processes of foreign economic activity.

The subject of research in this article is the management processes of the modern local public transportation system in that part of it, which directly relates to the direct interaction between the participants in the transportation process - passengers and transport companies. And specifically that part of it, which is responsible for the payment of residents' fares and the timely accounting of various categories of citizens, including those with benefits, which enables local budgetary institutions to more effectively perform financial settlements with carriers and, as a result, to increase the level of providing transport services to city residents. Modern reforming of transport systems in the city, primarily passenger ones, requires not only the regulation of the activities of transport enterprises by the state, but also the justification of methods and means of optimizing their activities. The current study proposes a modern model of an automated system of fare payment and passenger registration in public transportation, which includes several structural levels and material components. It is based on the use of contactless cards, which, according to the experience of recent years, are more effective in terms of reliability, security, speed, and cost. The material part of the system consists of a network of payment terminals, where the passenger can purchase a card or top up it, and a network of equipment on the transport, with the help of which the fare is paid. Each level of the system hierarchy, such as the level of executive devices, the level of automated workstations for administration, and the level of the central server node, allows you to get complete information about the state of the system in the shortest possible time, to generate the necessary reports, to make and as soon as possible to apply decisions on its management. Among the expected results of the implementation of this system is an increase in the level of accounting for passenger transportation services, the provision of complete and detailed information about the performed transport work, and one hundred percent accounting of the transportation of preferential categories of passengers. Conclusions. In a significant part, this system was implemented in the city of Kharkiv as an "Electronic ticket" system, which made it possible to receive complete, reliable and detailed information about passenger journeys by category by various modes of transport and routes; reduced operating costs of transport enterprises and introduce new products and means of payment. Among the most important prospects for the further development of research in this direction is the study of the possibility of using a virtual medium (mobile application) instead of a contactless card and the possibility of replenishing it in the user's personal account with the help of an appropriate online payment system.

The proposed study reveals the features of the pressure from policy networks on the safety and security governance of states and intergovernmental organizations. The authors explore the current definitions of “policy networks,” which assert them as important actors in global, regional and national security, as well as correlates of deliberate harm, which are a consequence of policy networks activities. The authors developed and suggested a method for evaluating the pressure from policy networks on safety and security governance based on the dichotomy of non-malicious versus malicious intent. A rigorous model of accountability and evaluation of policy network actors is proposed, which aims to balance the governance of European security and strengthen civil society control over the regulatory and executive actions of formal and informal policy networks actors.

Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) remains the most effective treatment for vasomotor symptoms and genitourinary syndrome of menopause. MHT, initiated in women during the “therapeutic window” to relieve symptoms of estrogens deficiency and prevent or treat osteoporosis, is the only intervention that reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes in healthy middle-aged women. MHT must be individualized and adapted; that is, a differentiated selection of therapy should be carried out, considering the woman’s health status and her comorbidities, as well as the MHT regimen (type, dose, route of administration and possible side effects). The article reflects the algorithms for prescribing MHT in different periods of menopause, which allow applying an individualized approach to patients who need MHT.

Research objective: to increase the effectiveness of bacterial vaginosis (BV) treatment in women of reproductive age. Materials and methods. The study involved 64 women of reproductive age with BV. After a course of local antibiotic therapy participants were divided into 2 groups: patients of group I were not prescribed local remedies to restore the vaginal microflora, patients of group II were prescribed vaginal prebiotic suppositories Folial № 10. No additional drugs were used in subgroups IA and IIA, while oral probiotic Maxibalance was prescribed in subgroups IB and IIB. The effectiveness of BV treatment was evaluated at the first, third and sixth months of the observation period according to the results of clinical examination and vaginal pH evaluation by litmus strips. Results. The course of BV in subgroup IA was characterized by prevailing number of relapses and their early appearance. 1 case of BV recurrence was found among patients of subgroup IA at the 1st month of follow-up, 6 and 8 BV episodes were found at 3 and 6 months of follow-up respectively. Sequential treatment with antibiotics and oral probiotics (subgroup IIB) was associated with the onset of 3 BV relapses on 4–5 months from baseline. Local prebiotic (subgroup IIA) after the vaginal sanation was associated with BV reoccurrence in only one patient at the end of the study. No relapses of BV were detected in subgroup IIB during the study. Conclusions. Permanent imbalance of vaginal normocenosis creates optimal conditions for chronic and recurrent diseases of dysbiosis nature, especially BV. Despite the sensitivity of the anaerobic flora to the recommended antibacterial medications, their use as monotherapy in BV treatment is often insufficient. The results of the study demonstrate a significant anti-relapse efficiency of consecutive treatment by antibacterial drugs and a complex of probiotic + prebiotic. This effect is probably based on the restoration of vaginal immunity and metabolism by stable colonization of the vaginal mucosa with live lactobacilli of eubiotic origin.

Endometrial hyperplasia (EH) is a pathological condition characterized by proliferation of the endometrial glands with an increase in the glands/stroma ratio compared to normal proliferative endometrium. EH is a precursor to the development of one of the most common gynecological malignancies – endometrial cancer. There are EH without atypia and with atypia. Total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is the method of choice in the treatment of atypical EH. It is important to eliminate risk factors – overweight patients should lose weight by adjusting diet, increase physical activity. Recently, aromatase inhibitors have also proven to be an effective treatment option for EH with atypia. Oral progestogens and the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device are methods of choice for conservative treatment of premenopausal and postmenopausal women with atypical EH. However, not all patients can use progestins for a long time due to possible side effects. Failure of progestin treatment may depend on various factors, such as the patient’s age, health status, other conditions, and the degree or type of hyperplasia. So it is important to look for new methods of EH management and adjuvant drugs that will potentiate the effectiveness of basic treatment, as well as opportunities to reduce the risks of progesterone receptor resistance and potentiation of progestins. Cridanimod is a new small molecule that has been shown in studies to increase the progesterone receptors expression in the endometrium. It has been suggested that in combination with progestin therapy it increases the progesterone receptors expression and thus improves the effectiveness of treatment. Research results allows to consider the possibility of using cridanimod in complex EH therapy, especially against the background of viral infection. Cridanimod reduces the risk of resistance to progestogen therapy in EH, provides the best result after conservative treatment and reduces the number of relapses.

Purpose: The results of studies of sporadic radio emission of several types of space radio sources, including neutron stars and planets of the Solar System, are presented. The aim of this work is to review the latest achievements in the study of low-frequency radio emission of the Solar System planets and transient signals similar to pulsar pulses using the UTR-2 radio telescope. The importance of the development of the verification methods of the spaceborne radio emission in the study of sporadic signals from various sources is shown. Design/methodology/approach: The studies of sporadic signals of different nature are based on the common set of procedures for cleaning records from the terrestrial radio frequency interference (RFI) in the frequency-time pattern using the information on the nature of the particular type of sporadic radio emission, possible types of interference and signal distortion. Characteristic features of sporadic radio emission of different sources are given, and for each of them the optimal method of signal extraction is developed. The efficiency of the developed procedures for cleaning from noise using adjustable parameters is shown. This is done on the basis of observations of diverse types of space radio sources, such as lightnings in the atmospheres of planets, single pulses of neutron stars and sporadic radio emission of Jupiter. Findings: The developed methods of signal extraction detection in the presence of radio-interference have allowed obtaining the unique results such as: the distribution of the total intensity of single pulses of neutron stars depending on the galactic latitude; the automatic search of lightnings in the Saturn’s atmosphere in data due to the carefully elaborated RFI mitigation procedures, which made it possible to obtain the Saturn electrostatic discharge (SED) emission parameters based on the most complete set of events. Increased efficiency of the selection of Jupiter’s S-radiation signals despite the data corruption by the presence of radio-interference, which was reached due to the carefully chosen parameters of data cleaning procedures, have allowed us to detect short and intensive bursts, being the most informative for determining the physical parameters of radio emission in the area of their generation. Conclusions: The large effective area and high sensitivity of the UTR-2 radio telescope allow making the sporadic radio emission study with high temporal and frequency resolutions. Due to these factors we can apply a wide range of methods of space signals’ detection in the presence of terrestrial radio-frequency interference of natural and artificial origin. The data cleaning parameters allow accounting for the characteristic features of space signals and to obtain important and even unique scientific results.

The article reflects the results of a study of the morphological composition of blood, indicators of metabolism and the content of hormones in the blood plasma of gonadectomized cockerels of the Adler silvery breed. In the experiment, 40 males were used at the age of 6 weeks, of which two groups were formed, a control and an experimental, 20 heads each. It was found that during the preparatory (leveling) period, the clinical state, morphological composition of blood and metabolic parameters in the experimental group of males did not differ from each other and were within the limits of their physiological values. There were also no differences in blood glucose concentration, protein content, triglycerol, cholesterol, uric acid, as well as the activity of alkaline phosphatase, alanine and aspartate aminotransferase in the blood plasma of cockerels in the experimental and control groups during the preparatory period. Gonadectomy of males by surgical intervention at the age of six weeks did not significantly affect the morphology of their blood on the third day, with the exception of ESR, the value of which in birds of the experimental group was 1.9 times higher than in the control. In gonadectomized males, the number of platelets in the blood decreased by 30.7% compared to the control, which indicates a decrease in platelet activity and is probably associated with their participation in blood coagulation processes in the body after gonadectomy. Other indicators of the morphological composition of blood, namely, the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils and neutrophils in gonadectomized males did not change compared with the control. It was found that the concentration of glucose in the blood, as well as total protein and uric acid in the blood plasma of males who underwent gonadectomy on the third day of the research period were at the level of the values of the control group birds and corresponded to the physiological values of these parameters in clinically healthy birds. On the 125th day of the main period in gonadectomized males, the level of glucose and protein, as well as indicators of lipid metabolism, namely, the concentration of triglycerol and cholesterol in the blood plasma did not change, while the content of uric acid increased by 23.7% compared with the control. It was found that the content of cortisol in the blood plasma of gonadectomized males was 3.2 times lower, and testosterone 10.2 times lower than in the control. So, gonadectomy of cockerels does not affect the morphological composition of the blood, indicators of the metabolic status of the bird, but it helps to reduce the content of cortisol and testosterone in the blood plasma.

Purpose: A historical review of the experimental baselopment of low-frequency radio astronomy in Ukraine, its foundation half a century ago by an outstanding scientist S.Ya. Braude to the current state. Design/methodology/approach: The constant progress of electronic, computer and digital technologies, information and telecommunication technologies, theory and practice of antenna and receiving systems design, which introduction enriched the hardware and methodological ideology of construction and usage of the UTR-2, URAN, and GURT radio telescopes, have been used. Findings: The worldwide most effective national experimental radio astronomy means, the UTR-2, URAN, and GURT decameter-meter wave radiotelescopes, have been created and improved. The best combination of the systems main parameters: sensitivity; frequency band; spatial, frequency and temporal resolutions; noise immunity; uniformity of amplitude-frequency and space-frequency characteristics and multifunctionality has been provided. Conclusions: For the half a century of radio astronomical scientific and technical at the Institute of Radio Astronomy of NAS of Ukraine, the high astrophysical informativeness of the low-frequency radio astronomy and the possibility of creating a highly efficient experimental base – giant radio telescopes of decameter-meter wavebands have been proved. Today, the Ukrainian radio telescopes are well known and recognized world-wide being indispensable and most in demand by the scientific community. The founder of the decameter radio astronomy in Ukraine, the eminent scientist Semen Yakovych Braude was not mistaken when he decided to start radio astronomical explorations. The memory of him will always remain in the minds and hearts of many generations.

Research aim: to determine the clinical efficacy and safety of bioavailable curcumin Longimin® in the complex anti-relapse therapy of patients with extragenital endometriosis after surgery. Materials and methods. Study involved 45 women with a mean age of 29.3 ± 3.6 years with a diagnosis of extragenital endometriosis. After surgical treatment of this disease all patients were prescribed dienogest 2 mg/day for 6 months with anti-relapse purpose. After that, 22 patients did not receive drug treatment (group 1) and other 23 women started a six-month course of 400 mg bioavailable curcumin (group 2). Results. After 12 months of observation 3 cases (13.6%) of newly formed foci of endometriosis were found among patients of group 1, two of which were multi-endometriomas, and the third was retrocervical heterotopia. There were no signs of recurrence in the group of sequential use of dienogest and bioavailable curcumin. In addition, 6 months after completion of hormonal treatment the number of women with chronic pelvic pain in group 1 was increased and average score on a visual analogue scale (VAS) was increased by 80% (p ≤0.05). It was accompanied by a stable moderately high level of anxiety throughout the observation period. At the same time the number of women who complained of intermenstrual pain in group 2 decreased from 15 to 13, and the average VAS score decreased by 13% (p ≥0.05) during the treatment period. Patients in group 2 noted an improvement in emotional control during treatment, which resulted in the average score decrease on the scale of personal and situational anxiety of the Spielberg-Hanin's questionnaire (25% and 30% respectively, p ≤0.05). Conclusions. The nature of the endometriosis development and progression is multipathogenetic. Blocking only its hormonal link, especially in cases of extragenital forms, may not be sufficient to stop the pathological process and prevent recurrence in the long term. Оbtained results of sequential course of dienogest and bioavailable curcumin Longimin® with anti-relapse purpose showed the wider clinical effectiveness of this therapy, which is probably based on additional inhibition of systemic inflammation, proliferation, stroma and psychogenic component of disease.

The effect of iron deficiency (ID) without anemia on the reproductive health of women in contrast to iron deficiency anemia is still insufficiently evaluated from a clinical point of view, despite a weighty theoretical basis and a large pool of clinical observations. The purpose of this review is to systematize the ID causes without anemia in women associated and not associated with reproductive disorders, the effects of ID without anemia on reproductive health, and modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. ID without anemia affects most of the physiological processes in a woman's body, including hormonal regulation, immune processes and functions of the nervous system. The negative effect of ID without anemia on a woman's reproductive function is realized through hormone-mediated and immune mechanisms. ID without anemia is currently underestimated in terms of somatic and reproductive health of women, as well as quality of life. Сlinical manifestations of ID without anemia are mostly nonspecific, which is why clinicians, focusing only on hematological parameters are often explaining them by other reasons, which leads to late diagnosis. Assessment of hematological parameters alone is accompanied by significant underdiagnosis of ID without anemia. Diagnosis of ID without anemia should be carried out in women with risk factors (abnormal uterine bleeding, heavy menstrual bleeding, etc.), as well as with dyshormonal disorders, recurrent inflammatory processes in combination with ID symptoms by assessing the ferritin and transferrin saturation. To treat ID without anemia it is necessary to eliminate the etiological factor and carry out a sufficiently long-term supplementation with oral iron preparations with good tolerance and bioavailability. Iron bisglycinate is the form of iron intake that does not affect the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract and is absorbed by the small intestine mucosa unchanged, which ensures its good tolerability and high efficiency for the correction of ID.

The principal possibility of increasing of the absorption capacity of impregnated fibrous chemisorbents (IFCS) acid gases based on nitrogen-containing organic bases by introducing into impregnating solutions of some additives such as sodium chloride, potassium iodide, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA), glycine, sodium and potassium carbonates was investigated. Under static conditions using a vacuum sorption unit with McBen-Bakr quartz spring scales the hydrophilicity of fibrous chemisorbents of acid gases based on polyester synthetic fibers impregnated with polyethylenepolyamine containing as modifiers of potassium, such as potassium modifiers, such as promoters sodium and potassium carbonates, glycine and the disodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid was studied. It is shown that the introduction of these additives leads to a sharp increase in the hydrophilicity of the samples, which creates the preconditions for further more efficient chemisorption of sulfur(IV) oxide. Within the framework of the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller theory of polymolecular sorption, water vapor sorption isotherms are analyzed, the values of the monolayer capacity and the values of the sorption heat of water molecules in the first layer are determined. Under static and dynamic conditions, chemisorption of sulfur oxide (IV) by dry and moistened samples of chemisorbents was studied. It is established that the process of SO2 chemisorption can occur only in the presence of «free» water formed after the formation of the monolayer. It is shown that the introduction of hydrophilized additives leads to a significant increase in the absorption capacity of sulfur(IV) oxide in both static and dynamic conditions. The obtained results are planned to use in the development of theoretical bases for the creation of functional sorption filtering materials for respiratory purposes.

Purpose of the study: to prove the pathological effect of chronic viral hepatitis on sexual development (SD) and menstrual function of adolescent girls by analyzing the secondary sexual characteristics and to determine the features of disorders of menstrual function (DMF) in such patients. Materials and methods. The study involved 150 girls of pubertal age (12–17 years) who were divided into groups: the main group (n = 50) – patients with DMF and SD on the basis of chronic viral hepatitis B and C; comparison group (n = 50) – patients with DMF and SD on the basis of hepatobiliary system diseases (cholecystitis, dyskinesia of the biliary tract); control group (n = 50) – almost healthy girls. All patients underwent clinical analysis of menstrual function, appearance and development of secondary sexual characteristics, clinically determined the degree of SD and SD score calculated. Results. The whole spectrum of DMF in the main and comparison group was revealed. There were more patients with hypomenstrual type of DMF in the main group than in the comparison group: 37 (74%) against 28 (56%) (p

Purpose: Due to the significant increase of a number of pulsars discovered with high-frequency radio telescopes over the last ten years and the necessity to obtain accurate parameters of their decameter radiation (as well as to identify single pulses detected with the UTR-2), the second decameter census of these sources with the UTR-2 radio telescope became needed. Design/methodology/approach: Single pulses detected as a result of the first decameter survey of pulsars and transient emission sources can be anomalously intense pulses of the recently discovered pulsars. Identification is only possible with an accurate information on the dispersion measure (DM) of each of these sources. Given that the new pulsars are likely to have a low radiant flux density, in contrast to the first decameter pulsar census [1], the second one plans to increase the signal-to-noiseratio by increasing the observation time of each pulsar. This paper gives a complete list of the studied sources, limited by the dispersion measure (DM< 30 pc·cm-³), period (P> 0.1 s) and declination (δ>-10º), known for the beginning of 2020, as well as some examples of the decameter pulsar radio emission detected by means of pipeline data processing with the possibility of flexible adjustment of search parameters. Findings: For the first time in the low-frequency wavelength range, the radio emission from the PSR J2325-0530, PSR J0613+3731, and PSR J1426+52 pulsars has been detected. The main result of present work is specified period for the latter pulsar (PSR J1426+52), being 0.995866 s ± 5 µs, the other parameters of its radio emission are also specified. Conclusions: High sensitivity of the UTR-2 radio telescope, its receiving equipment and efficient data processing and analysis pipeline allow detecting the decameter radiation of weak pulsars, as well as obtaining their parameters with the accuracy sufficient for identification of previously discovered transient signals.

Purpose: High resolution investigation of spectral lines of space sources requires low intrinsic noise of the radio telescope receiving system. It is provided with both input cryogenic amplifiers and low phase noise of local oscillators. To make spectral studies, it is neces ary to be able to tune the frequencies of local oscillators with a small frequency step. The paper presents the results of developing the frequency synthesizers, which simultaneously provide both a very high frequency resolution and low level of phase noise. The results of measurements of natural noise of the RT-32 radio telescope radio receiving systems are given also. Design/methodology/approach: The RT-32 receiving systems are constructed as heterodyne receivers with two stages of frequency conversion. Tuning of receiving systems with a frequency step of 10 or 20 MHz is provided by local oscillators of the first frequency conversion stage, and precise tuning is provided due to the ultra-high resolution 0.0001 MHz) of DDS-based (direct digital synthesizer) local oscillators of the second frequency conversion stage. Findings: It is shown that the application of direct digital synthesizers is possible only with the low values of frequency multiplication factors, as well as under the conditions of careful filtering of all reference signals. The parameters of the local oscillators were measured with the N9951A spectrum analyzer (Keysight Technologies) with the high resolution and wide dynamic range. To measure the radio telescope receiving system noise characteristics, a special matched loads with the possibility of cooling down to the liquid nitrogen temperature were made. The noise temperature measurements were made in different cross sections of the RT-32 receiving system. Comparison of such measurements in different configurations makes it possible to provide a preliminary estimation of the RT-32 self noise in the C- and K-bands. Conclusions: The results of measurements of self noise of radio receiving systems and phase noise of local oscillators of the RT-32 radio telescope show that within the C-band the radio telescope is capable to perform high-sensitive studies in both a wide frequency band and a narrow frequency band with the high spectral resolution. Within the K-band, the natural noise is comparable (≈60÷80 K) with the external noise that also allows studying the radiation of maser radio sources.

Purpose: Technical capabilities of the MARK-4B antenna system necessary for its further using as a 32-meter radiotelescope (RT-32) and making simultaneous spectral radioastronomical observations in the C and K frequency ranges, are investigated. Design/methodology/approach:The studies use the results of our own measurements made with the МАRK-4В antenna system, expert reviews, open information sources, technical documentation of the MARK-4B antenna system, radio astronomy and computer simulation methods and comparative analysis of this antenna main parameters with the corresponding parameters of the world’s best active radio telescopes. Combining different approaches allows us to determine the requirements for the receiving system, parameters of the spectrometer, calibration techniques and optimize the МАRK-4В antenna system modernization procedure. Findings: The radio telescope main parameters required for spectral observations in the C and K frequency ranges are determined. The antenna pointing system capabilities are specified. For the MARK-4B antenna system working frequency range, the main spectral lines of various molecules available for research have been considered. The transitions radiating the most intensive spectral lines are listed. The radio astronomical problems that can be solved using the MARK-4B in the mode of spectral observations are formulated. The required parameters of the spectrum analyzer and the receiver’s self-noise temperature are determined. Calibration techniques of the recorded signal are described, which are necessary for carrying out spectral observations. Conclusions: The here presented studies show that for making spectral observations based on the beam-waveguide MARK-4B antenna system, it is technically possible to create the RT-32 radio telescope with quality technical characteristics corresponding to the world-best analogs. Modernization of the beamwaveguide MARK-4B antenna system will allow at the first stage to create in Ukraine the dual-band radio-telescope permitting to make simultaneous spectral and/or continued observations in the C and K ranges. Henceforth, the amount of simultaneously working ranges can be increased.

Purpose: Creating a radio telescope based on the MARK-4B antenna system being developed for telecommunication applications, determining the possibilities of using the broadband multirange operation of a beam wave-guided antenna system and to evaluate the antenna characteristics using the radioastronomical measurements. Design/methodology/approach: Acomprehensive analysis of all the MARK-4B systems allows to select the blocks and nodes to be replaced or upgraded. The analysis of the reflector and subreflector design, beam wave-guide, corrugated horn, and feeder system allows determining the possible frequency ranges of the radio telescope being created. Installing a broadband receiver with the stipulated calibration capabilities using cooled and uncooled load attenuators allows to determine the antenna system temperature. Guiding the antenna to the calibration sources and recording scans due to the Earth rotation eliminates the systematic errors or errors of the pointing system. In this way the width of the radiation pattern and the effective area of the radio telescope are determined. Findings: An analysis of the antenna design was made and the priority stages of the reconstruction of the MARK-4B antenna system were determined. The narrow-band transmitter and the C-band receiver were dismantled and a wide-band receiver (range 4.6 - 5.1 GHz) with a detector and the possibility of changing the signal integration time were installed. The observed results have allowed to initially estimate the system temperature mea-surements which allow us to hope that the RT-32 radio telescope (Zolotchiv, Lviv region, Ukraine) together with the cooled receiver will have low self noise. A new antenna pointing system has been calculated and installed which using in the C-band has allowed astronomical tests of the radiation pattern width (≈7.2') and the level of its side lobes (–12.5 dB), effective area (≈680 m2) and surface utilization factor (≈0.84). Conclusions: The completed measurements and calculations show that the MARK-4B antenna system allows to createhighly efficient radio astronomy instrument. The developed for now receiving and pointing systems for the RT-32 radio telescope testify to the high potential of Ukrainian science. Further cooperation between scientific research and high technologies will lead to the creation of an effective Ukrainian radio telescope of the centimeter wavelength range.

Purpose: The abstract presentation and review of the works of the last 40 years in the field of low-frequency radio astronomy and a summary of their main scientific and technical results, which have been awarded the State Prize of Ukraine in the field of science and technology for 2018. Design methodology/approach: Unique domestic tools and methods of observation were used for complex long-term experimental and theoretical studies of a large sample of the Universe objects in the range of decameter–meter radio waves. Findings: High-informative capabilities of low-frequency (8 to 80 MHz) radio astronomy studies of the Solar System, Galaxy and Metagalaxy, which have allowed one to detect and study new astrophysical objects and phenomena, to build and refine their models and mechanisms of cosmic radio emission are shown. Conclusions: Based on the creation, modernization and use of the world-largest decameter–meter wave radio telescopes UTR-2, URAN, GURT, a large amount of priority scientific and technical results and fundamental discoveries have been obtained in recent decades. New objects and phenomena, radio emission mechanisms, previously unknown energy, spatial, frequency, time, and polarization parameters of signals, which change in an unexpectedly large range of values have been discovered. The means, methods and results of domestic radio astronomy are well known and recognized in the scientific world, they are in-dispensable, fully demanded and actively used in international studies. The presented cycle of works, the obtained results and the award of the State Prize of Ukraine in the field of science and technology confirm and develop the priority of Ukraine in one of the most relevant areas of modern astronomical science – low-frequency radio astronomy.

The author has studied the peculiarities of academic motivation of final-year cadets (n=323) of higher education institutions with specific educational conditions. It has been determined that the dominant motivation for their professional training is internal motivation. They make independent decisions about their professional activities and seek to continue their service within the National Police. Adequate and situational types of professional motivation are typical for cadets. Respondents are aiming for theoretical knowledge. The motives for the professional activities of final-year cadets do not affect their motivation to acquire theoretical knowledge, but they affect the acquisition of professional skills and abilities. The “romantic halo” of the profession remains in the perception of the profession by final-year cadets, but the material component also becomes important. The status of the profession in society and its material remuneration, as well as the curiosity of the chosen profession have significant influence on the motivation of future professional activities of fourth-year cadets. The motivating factor for internally motivated cadets is a sense of effectiveness, as well as status and state’s high salary for labor of law enforcement professionals. Externally positively motivated cadets in case of the decrease in the status of the profession, unrealized career ambitions or the reduction of the material rewards of law enforcement officers may begin to perform their duties formally or may leave the service. Externally negatively motivated cadets are not interested in performing professional duties. On the basis of the obtained data, the author has concluded on the importance of mentoring in the process of professional development of young specialists and the continuation of professional training in the system of postgraduate education and service training of police officers. The author has emphasized the importance of further motivation of final-year cadets within professional activity, in particular the introduction of a “motivational” package for police officers by the state.

У статті досліджено значення інформаційної безпеки як важливого показника захищеності громадян, суспільства й держави. З’ясовано, що інформаційну безпеку розглядаємо в контексті запобігання тим шкідливим наслідкам, які можуть принести різні інформаційні загрози, а також усунення та подолання цих наслідків із якомога меншою шкодою для суспільства й громадянина. У цьому аспекті особливої актуальності набуває дослідження не лише соціально-психологічних детермінант інформаційної безпеки громадян, а й політико-правових ресурсів і механізмів захисту інформаційного простору держави в умовах функціонування глобального інформаційного суспільства. Проаналізовано, що в Україні ще не вироблено ефективної моделі системного забезпечення інформаційної безпеки держави, суспільства й людини, хоча така необхідність зафіксована на конституційному рівні. Запропоновано розробити цілісний кодифікаційний документ, який би повноцінно охопив різні аспекти формування державної політики у сфері національної безпеки, а також визначив конкретний інструментарій її реалізації.

Purpose: Finding the possibility of pulsar radio emission studies in the meter wavelength range with a small-sized subarray of the low-frequency GURT radio telescope of new generation. Development of the joint pulsar radio emission observations technique for the meter and decameter wavelength ranges at the GURT and UTR-2 radio telescopes, respectively, for studying the radio emission properties in a wide frequency range. Design/methodology/approach: The unique location of the two radio telescopes with overlapping frequency ranges at the same observatory area, and therefore under the conditions of the same propagation medium influence on the pulsar radio emission propagation recorded with these radio telescopes allows to determine the radiation flux spectra of these sources within a wide frequency range. The pulsar pulses averaged over 2-4 h are studied here. The UTR-2 structure flexibility and simultaneous using of several radio astronomy receivers allow analyzing the signals received with the whole radio telescope in the typical additive mode and with its separate subarrays, too. Simultaneous signal recording in these configurations allows controlling the influence of ionosphere on the signal propagation within the UTR-2 frequency range. Findings: With the GURT radio telescope subarray consisting of 25 active antenna elements the emission of 16 known pulsars within the 30÷70 MHz range was detected. Jointly with the UTR-2 two sessions of simultaneous wideband observations of pulsar radio emission were made within the 16.5÷70 MHz range. In the range of 16.5÷70 MHz, the average values of flux density and dispersion measures, as well as variations of these parameters for pulsars В1133+16, В1508+55 and В1919+21 were obtained. Conclusions: The studies made confirm the possibility of effective usage of the separate GURT radio telescope subarrays for radio astronomy observations, and in particular for pulsar radio emission studies. Long-term observations of pulsars in a wide frequency range allow obtaining the average values of pulsar radio emission flux densities, their spectral indices and the pulsar dispersion measures, as well as the variations of these values.

Purpose: The most challenging problem of transient signal research is to prove their cosmic origin. There is no radio telescope at decameter wavelengths, which has an effective area (i.e. instantaneous sensitivity) at least close to the UTR-2 radio telescope parameters. This fact excludes the possibility of confirming the cosmic origin of detected low-intensity signals at some other independent radio telescope of this frequency range. Therefore, it is impossible to overestimate the importance of carrying out all possible kinds of tests to check the probable interference origin of candidate signals. In this work we analyze the distributions of detected transient signals parameters and search for possible low-intensity interference in the decameter pulsars and transient sources survey of the northern sky observational data. Design/methodology/approach: Search for interference caused by ionospheric plasma-related scintillations, with a time-frequency response symmetrical to signals with dispersion delay induced by interstellar medium. Findings: Distributions of signal-to-noise ratios and dispersion measures appear to be very different for transient signals detected in the survey and the hypothetical interference with the same absolute value of shift in arrival time between a lower and a higher frequency, but its opposite sign. This supports the hypothesis of the transient signals detected in the survey being generated by cosmic radio sources. Conclusions: Broadening of radio emission cone of various types of neutron stars along with high angular and temporal scattering at decameter wavelengths could explain the large number of individual signals at unique dispersion measures, and, hence, a large number of transient emission sources.

ABSTRACT. Background. Currently, lymphocytoma of the skin is not so rare, but it is still little known for doctors. According to the modern concepts the skin lymphocytoma is considered as a benign process, which is based on the reactive polyclonal lymphocytes proliferation, which arises in response to the action of various exogenous and endogenous factors. Objective. To analyze the literature data about the skin lymphocytoma and to bring a clinical and morphological analysis of the case from practice of this pathology. Methods. The authors studied the patient’s biopsy material. The microspecimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, as well as with picrofuxin by the van Gieson and studied using microscope «Olympus ВХ-41». Results. The authors noted that the analysis of clinical-anamnestic data and histological examination are important for the diagnosis of skin lymphocytoma. In the case from practice cited by the authors the cause of the skin lymphocytoma development was the constant antigenic stimulation of the immunogenic components that make up the paints that were used to perform the tattoo. Conclusion. The authors hope that the observation from practice of skin lymphocytoma will be interesting and useful not only for dermatologists and pathologists, but also for physicians of other specialties.

Introduction. Now the uterine leiomyoma (LM) remains the most common benign tumor of the female genitalia. Data on the histological composition, structure and properties of expression of hormones receptors of LM tissue are important for understanding the mechanisms of development of various clinical and pathogenetic variants of the tumor. Aim is to study the relationship between morphological and immunohistochemical features of LM with a pathogenetic variant of the disease development aimed at developing differentiated methods of tumor treatment. Materials and methods. The research included 188 women of reproductive age (30 to 49 years old) who underwent hysterectomy for symptomatic LM. Depending on the presence of concomitant pathology of mammary gland (MG) and thyroid gland (TG), patients were divided into groups: the first group were 67 (35.64 %) women with isolated LM (ILM), the second – 32 (17.02 %) patients with a combination of LM and dyshormonal diseases of the MG (DSMG), the third – 48 (25,53 %) women with LM associated with thyroid pathology, and the fourth – 41 (21.81 %) patients with a combination of LM, DSMG and thyroid pathology – combined leiomyoma of the uterus (CLU). The morphofunctional condition of the removed tissue and the proliferative potential of LM were determined by the results of histological, ultrastructural, immunohistochemical studies (antigen of receptors for estradiol, progesterone, prolactin, type IV collagen, nuclei of proliferating cells and chancer-embryonic antigen) by indirect streptavidin-peroxidase method using Kit-monoclonal antibodies. Results. Single tumors occurred in 28.13 % of cases in patients of II, in 39.58 % – III and in 17.07 % – IV groups, which was significantly less than in women of group I (74.63 %; p < 0.05). In the morphological structure of uterine fibroids, removed from women of the I group, fibrous tissue prevailed in 80.6 % of cases, whereas in 73 % of the combined tumors smooth muscle components were found. According to the results of immunohistochemical studies, the highest positive expression rate of type IV collagen antigen (60.0 %) was observed in patients of group I against the background of low sensitivity to estrogens (H-score 25.83 ± 7.12), high – to progesterone (H-score 108.54 ± 12.66) and medium to prolactin. In combined leiomyoma, the highest level of receptor antigens expression to sex steroid hormones (estradiol and progesterone), prolactin (78.57 %) and markers of true proliferation and malignancy: PCNA (64.29 %) and CEA (42.86 %) was noted. For example, 84.0 % of patients in Group IV have an average expression of estrogen receptors, 76.0 % have a high level of progesterone expression in the nuclei and cytoplasm of myocytes with a high average expression in the H-score of the progesterone receptor antigen (209.94 ± 16.34), which is significantly higher than in women in group I (108.54 ± 12.66, p < 0.05). The findings indicate large hormone dependence, proliferative potential and the likelihood of malignancy of the combined uterine leyomyoma. Conclusions. Isolated uterine leiomyoma is mostly represented by large single, nodular formations that have a low sensitivity to sex steroid hormones with a superiority of progesterone, and a negligible risk of malignancy. The uterine leiomyoma, in combination with the thyroid and mammary pathology, is characterized by multiple diffuse, small nodular tumor formation with pronounced expression to sex steroid hormones, including estradiol, accompanied by high growth potentials and a significant probability of malignancy.

Цель. Оптимизация хирургического лечения пролапса женских половых органов (ЖПО). Материалы и методы. Проанализирован десятилетний опыт выполнения реконструктивных операций на влагалище с использованием синтетических сетчатых протезов из пролена Gynemesh Soft (слингов) у 194 женщин в возрасте от 42 до 76 лет по поводу пролапса ЖПО. Результаты. Влагалищная экстирпация матки выполнена у 93 (47,9%) женщин, по поводу полного выпадения матки - у 43 (22,2%), лейомиомы матки - у 26 (13,4%), рецидивирующих декубитальных язв - у 9 (4,6%), патологии шейки матки - у 9 (4,6%), гиперпластических процессов в эндометрии в период менопаузы, подтвержденных по результатам гистологического исследования - у 6 (3,1%). У 101 (52,1%) пациентки проведено хирургическое лечение пролапса ЖПО с использованием синтетических слингов без предварительной гистерэктомии. Обсуждение. Проанализированы типичные осложнения хирургического вмешательства. По данным активного мониторинга, осложнения выявлены у 5,2% пациенток, в том числе у 8 (4,1%) - эрозия влагалища после установки систем Prolift posterior, у 1 (0,5%) - пролапс протеза в мочевой пузырь после применения системы Prolift anterior, у 1 (0,5%) - рецидив пролапса после установки системы Prolift total. Выводы. Профилактикой осложнений является точное соблюдение технологии установки имплантата c соблюдением рекомендаций: соответствие площади сетки площади пролабирующей слизистой оболочки, отсутствие натяжения при установке протеза, расположение протеза субфасциально, фиксация сетки в целях предупреждения ее смещения, назначение адекватной адъювантной терапии после операции. Ключевые слова. пролапс женских половых органов; осложнения; синтетические сетчатые протезы; рецидивы.

Purpose: The fine structure of the anomalously intense pulses of PSR J0814+7429 (В0809+74) has been studied. The pulsar radio emission fine structure is investigated to determine its parameters in the lowest part of spectrum available for groundbased observations. Design/methodology/approach: The scattering measure in the interstellar plasma have been estimated using the spectral and correlation analyses of pulsar data recorded by the UTR-2 radio telescope. Results: Two characteristic time scales of the anomalously intense pulses fine structure of the PSR J0814+7429 radio emission have been found. The strongest pulses of this pulsar in the decameter range can have a duration of about t 2÷3 ms. These pulses are emitted in short series. In some cases, they are emitted over the low-intensity plateau consisting of the “long” subpulse component. Conclusions: The narrowest correlation scale of pulsar J0814+7429 radio emission corresponds to the doubled scattering time constant of the interstellar medium impulse response. Broader scale of the fine structure of its radio emission can be explained by the radiation of a short series of narrow pulses or relatively broad pulses inside this pulsar magnetosphere.

Purpose: Studying individual burst characteristics recorded by the UTR-2 radio telescope UTR-2 during the Decameter pulsar/transient survey of northern sky, based on the analysis of 70 % of primary data. Design/methodology/approach: Individual pulses, extracted from observation data by the RFI mitigation routines, are analyzed for the presence of cosmic radio source properties. Findings: Analysis of parameter distributions such as the local time of individual pulse detection (due to RFI conditions) and the dispersion measure of recorded pulses suggests that most of the detected signals are generated by cosmic radio sources. Conclusions: Processing of the remaining 30% of the data survey is essential, but, apparently, this will not significantly affect the distributions of individual characteristics of signals found in the course of the current survey. However, since the sources of transient signals are extremely difficult to be identified, to make an assertion of the cosmic origin of recorded signals, some additional tests are required to be made.

Purpose: define and theoretically substantiate the range of astrophysical problems that may be efficiently solved using small antenna arrays. Design/methodology/approach: Observation parameters and configurations of a set of small antenna arrays included in the future Giant Ukrainian radio telescope, have been derived based on the theoretical analysis and scientific results obtained by UTR-2 and URAN radio telescopes. Results: We have proved that a wide scope of problems can be efficiently solved by small low-frequency antenna arrays, ranging from Solar studies to the search for cosmological effects associated with neutral hydrogen spectral line in the early Universe at high red shifts. For each study program, we have calculated the desired observation parameters (integration time, time and frequency resolutions), indicated the required antenna configurations and operating modes (interferometric or additive). Conclusions: We have shown that at the construction stage of the Giant Ukrainian radio telescope and gradual commissioning of its new sections, we can solve a number of important astrophysical problems. As the new sections are being added, the observation techniques and data processing methods will constantly be improving.

Максимальний результат щодо захисту вітчизняного інформаційно-культурного простору забезпечується співпрацею його державних і недержавних суб’єктів. Демократичні країни мають значний досвід використання потенціалу недержавних суб’єктів інформаційної безпеки різних громадських об’єднань, асоціацій та організацій. Так само, як і державні інститути, ці суб’єкти є генераторами нових ідей та альтернативних підходів у сфері інформаційної безпеки. Неурядові організації є інструментами громадського контролю, знаряддями впливу на визначення цілей і цінностей суспільства, засобами формування суспільної думки. Але не всі неурядові організації можна вважати потенційними суб’єктами інформаційної безпеки. Адже навіть ті серед них, які діють легально, іноді використовуються в інформаційній війні проти України. Саме тому держава має створювати правові, організаційні та економічні умови для розвитку недержавних суб’єктів інформаційної безпеки, а також сприяти їх усебічній співпраці з різними державними структурами.

Інформаційна безпека сучасного суспільства є певним феноменом та ґрунтується на державній інформаційній політиці та законах, які врегульовують наявні суперечності, гарантують інформаційну свободу громадян та їх доступ до інформації в національному інформаційному просторі. Проте чимало питань, що виникають у галузі правничих наук у контексті правового супроводу інформаційної безпеки сучасного суспільства, ще не отримали належного розгляду. Зокрема, мають бути більш чітко визначені правові засади інформаційної безпеки, її структури та механізмів дії. А правові проблеми інформаційної безпеки повинні розглядатися не лише крізь призму інформаційних відносин, а й з огляду на систему державно-управлінської діяльності. Автор розглядає науково-правові дослідження, які не виробили загальноприйнятого механізму визначення та структуризації забезпечення інформаційної безпеки, але для виокремлення складових її загальної структури найчастіше використовуються такі конструкції, як «напрями», «механізми» та «шляхи» забезпечення. Низка нормативних актів у тій чи іншій частині розглядають питання конкретних дій при інформаційній діяльності у зазначеній сфері, питання створення, збору, використання специфічної податкової, митної інформації, процеси, окремі нюанси розповсюдження інформації та забезпечення безпеки регулюють адміністративне, карне та цивільне кодифіковане законодавство тощо. Одночасно у відповідних законах має бути визначений категорійно-понятійний апарат правового супроводу інформаційної безпеки, так само як і безпосередня компетенція конкретних суб’єктів реалізації державної політики у цій сфері.

The decameter pulsar/transient survey is now being made using the UTR-2 radio telescope. The survey strategy and parameters, equipment characteristics, data processing algorithms as well as preliminary results are described. The very first result was the discovery of decameter emission of the pulsar J0240+62. Test measurements have shown the sensitivity, reached in the present survey, being 5 Jy for the transient signals, and several mJy – for the periodic pulsar emission.

The results are reported of the very first study of Saturn lightning fine time structure with superfine time resolution (within hundreds to units of nanoseconds). It is ascertained that the lightning time structure has two intrinsic scales: from hundreds/tens to units of microseconds. The analysis was first made of dispersion measure on the Saturn lightning signals’ path from storm in the atmosphere of Saturn to ground-based telescope.

Current state in the investigation of the influence of external mechanical stresses on the electrical resistance (tensoresistive effect) of the amorphous metallic alloys is considered. The data of experimental studies of tensoresistance for a series of amorphous ferromagnetic alloys are presented and analyzed. The mechanism of tensoresistance of amorphous ferromagnetics is proposed and theoretically justified. The influence of external magnetic field on the tensoresistance is also considered. The possibility of application of the phenomenological model of magnetization and anisotropy-field formalism to the interpretation of ΔЕ-effect and its role in the tensoresistance is discussed.

Salient features of the electrical resistivity and magnetoresistance of the Fe-, Co- and Ni-based amorphous metallic alloys are considered. The analysis of theoretical approaches to the description of scattering mechanisms in these systems is performed. Phenomenological model of the field dependences of magnetoresistance of ferromagnetic amorphous alloys is developed. The parameters of such a model are validated, and the possibility of its application to the determination of key parameters of amorphous alloys is proved.

Cited data review of literature in relation to the role of external genital endometriosis in the structure of gynaecological morbidity in a reproductive period and tactician of treatment of the sterility associated with a genital endometriosis.