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Purpose. Studying the peculiarities of the genetic structure of different age groups of silver and bighead carps from fish farm Limanske with the use of genetic-biochemical markers. Methodology. The methods of vertical polyacrylamide and horizontal starch electrophoresis with our own modifications have been used for the study. Sampling of the biological material and histochemical staining of gel plates were carried out using the generally accepted methods. Statistical analysis of the obtained data were performed in "Biosys-I". Findings. We analyzed the genetic structure of age-1, age-1+ and age-2 of silver and bighead carps with the use of genetic-biochemical markers - Рralb, EST, MDH, МЕ, СА. We demonstrated the peculiarities of allele frequencies and genotypic composition of protein system loci. A high level of heterozygosity in the examined was detected loci for age-1 silver carp – 66.7-88.9% and age-1 bighead carp – 65.4-77.8%. A significantly higher level of the observed average heterozygosity compared to the expected heterozygosity of age-1 as silver carp (Ho = 75.9%, He = 49,6%), and bighead carp (Ho = 73,6%, He = 47,9%) was observed. This fact indicated on the necessity for performing a stabilization of their genetic structure. The calculated Wright's F index in different age groups showed a predominance of the observed level of the average heterozygosity over the expected one for 22.7–53% in silver carp and 24.5-53.7% in bighead carp. A stabilization of the genetic structure in age-2 silver carp (Ho = 57.8%; He = 47.1%) by the heterogeneity level was observed. Originality. For the first time we analyzed the genetic structure and the level of heterogeneity of the breeding groups of age-1, age-1+, age-2 silver and bighead carps from fish farm Limanske with the use of genetic-biochemical markers. Practical value. The results of the study can be used in selection and breeding works aimed at creating the breeding stocks of silver and bighead carps to control the level of interspecies genetic variability. The obtained experimental data of the genetic structure analysis of silver and bighead carps of different age groups will be used for the monitoring of the genetic structure changes during their adaptation to new environmental conditions.

Purpose. To determine the effect of temperature regime fluctuations on the development of silver carp embryos, as well as the activity of enzymatic reactions in fish eggs. Methodology. The studies were conducted at the experimental station of the Institute of Hydrobiology of Bila Tserkov, Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences, from June to July. The biological materials were silver carp eggs, embryos and larvae. The dissolved oxygen content was determined using the Winkler method at four o’clock in the morning. Alkalinity phosphatase and LDG activity were determined using a set of reagents «Alkalinity phosphatase» and «LDG» (Phyllis diagnosis, Ukraine). SDH activity was determined by Vexy. The activity of Na, K-Mg-dependent-activated ATPase was determined as growth of inorganic phosphorus in the incubation medium by Kindratova M.N. et al. Protease activity was determined using immune enzymatic method of Tyurina et al. The obtained results were processed statistically in Statistica 5.5, Epaprobit analysis was used for calculating LC/EC values (Version 1.5). Findings The results showed that a delay of embryonic stages of development occur, the number of abnormal embryos increases, and the reproduction efficiency of fish reduces with an increase in water temperature and decrease in the dissolved oxygen content in water. The temperature factor had a significant effect on the activity of key enzymes, in particular the energetic metabolism changed from aerobic to anaerobic. Originality. It was found a negative effect of abiotic factors of water medium and drastic fluctuations in water temperature and gas regime of water bodies on the course of embryogenesis of silver carp that is especially important in the conditions of climate change. Practical value. The obtained results showed that the level of optimum and unfavorable environmental factors during the change of embryonic stages in embryonic and larval fish can be established based on the activity of lactate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, ATPase and protease.

Purpose. The goal of this work was the selection of microsatellite markers to study the genetic structure of populations of silver (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) carps of fish farm JSC "Donrybkombinat" of Donetsk region. Methodology. Products of amplification were separated in 2 % agarose gel in 1×TBE buffer. Visualization was performed with help of transilluminator in UV-region of the spectrum and photographing of electrophoregrams by digital camera. Processing and analysis of gels were performed using program TotalLab v2.01. The frequency of each amplicon by particular locus was determined as a percentage from the total number of amplicons at this locus. Statistical analysis of results was carried out using programs Excel, «Biosys-1». Findings. At the results of investigations of populations silver carp and bighead carp were analyzed genotypes of individuals by using three microsatellite DNA loci: MFW 15, MFW 23, MFW 06. Originality. It has been first shown that to investigate genetic structure of Ukrainian silver and bighead carps of JSC "Donrybkombinat" the most informative microsatellite loci were MFW 15 and MFW 23. Practical value. Microsatellite loci MFW 15 and MFW 23 used in research were suitable for interspecies differentiation of Ukrainian silver and bighead carps and can be applied in population-genetic investigations of fishes.