11,809 results
Search Results
2. Response to Comment Paper by Dr. Maxim A. Yurkin for 2021 JGR Paper 'Evaluation of Higher‐Order Quadrature Schemes in Improving Computational Efficiency for Orientation‐Averaged Single‐Scattering Properties of Nonspherical Ice Particles'
- Author
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Ines Fenni, Kwo‐Sen Kuo, Mark S. Haynes, Ziad S. Haddad, and Hélène Roussel
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Atmospheric Science ,Geophysics ,Space and Planetary Science ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) - Published
- 2023
3. Best Research Paper Award 2022
- Author
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Graeme Wright
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Atmospheric Science ,General Energy ,Geography, Planning and Development - Published
- 2022
4. Methods of Radar Interferometry and Optical Satellite Image Processing to Study Negative Effects on the Environment (a Case Study of the Baikalsk Pulp and Paper Mill)
- Author
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V. G. Bondur, T. N. Chimitdorzhiev, A. V. Dmitriev, and P. N. Dagurov
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Atmospheric Science ,Oceanography - Published
- 2021
5. Paper-based electrospray emitters
- Author
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Cheng Li, Xinyan Zhao, Weiwei Yang, and Weiwei Deng
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Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,Atmospheric Science ,Electrospray ,Environmental Engineering ,Materials science ,Capillary action ,Mechanical Engineering ,Nanotechnology ,Technical note ,02 engineering and technology ,Paper based ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Pollution ,Durability ,Multiplexing ,0104 chemical sciences ,Physics::Fluid Dynamics ,Washburn's equation ,0210 nano-technology ,Porosity - Abstract
This technical note documents the use of paper as electrospray emitters. The porous structure of the paper automatically delivers the liquid by capillary effects without the need of a mechanical pump. The liquid flow rate can be approximately quantified using Washburn equation. Despite the limited durability, paper-based electrospray emitters exhibit unique features such as ease of multiplexing, self-regulated liquid supply without need of pumps, ultra-low cost, and versatility provided through origami.
- Published
- 2017
6. Paper-based filter membrane for high-efficient sampling and direct mass spectrometric analysis of siloxanes in outdoor air
- Author
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Zeru Xu, Jia Zhao, Jun Shi, Zhicheng Xiang, Zhiping Zhang, Yajun Zheng, and Zhifeng Niu
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Atmospheric Science ,Coated paper ,Materials science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Atmospheric pressure ,Analytical chemistry ,Humidity ,Sampling (statistics) ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Wind speed ,Membrane ,Volume (thermodynamics) ,Fiber ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Siloxanes have been found widespread usages in our daily lives, but the knowledge on their migration, transformation and toxicity is still limited. Herein we explored the feasibility of using one-sided silica coated paper as filter membrane to capture siloxanes in the outdoor air, followed by direct mass spectrometric analysis. In contrast to mostly utilized fiber membrane, silica coated paper not only exhibited a higher selective sampling efficiency to three siloxanes with structures of H–[Si(CH3)2–O]7-9-NH2 from air, but also possessed a high tolerance to organic solvent during mass spectrometric analysis. Due to the above features, the analysis sensitivity of those siloxanes with silica coated paper has been improved 3.1–134.8 folds in contrast to those with commercial filter membrane. Furthermore, we monitored variation in the levels of those siloxanes for a period of one month, and found that a close association (R2 = 0.7924–0.9559) existed between their contents and climate parameters (e.g., temperature, weather, atmospheric pressure, humidity, wind direction and wind speed) as well as sampling volume. These knowledge provides a facile and effective methodology to both high-efficient sampling siloxanes and environmental assessment of siloxanes according to climate parameters.
- Published
- 2021
7. COMMENTS ON 'STRATIGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF SHALLOW-WATER BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA FROM THE LOWER CRETACEOUS TAFT FORMATION, CENTRAL IRAN (YAZD BLOCK), WITH EVIDENCE FOR THE IMPORTANCE OF HIATUSES' BY GHEIASVAND, M. ET AL. [ANNALES DE PALÉONTOLOGIE, 2020, 154 (3), 102399] AND RELATED PAPERS
- Author
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Felix Schlagintweit
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010506 paleontology ,Atmospheric Science ,Ecology ,biology ,Distribution (number theory) ,Stratigraphy ,Paleontology ,Geology ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Cretaceous ,Foraminifera ,Waves and shallow water ,Benthic zone ,Block (telecommunications) ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Gheiasvand et al. (2020) use the two larger benthic foraminifera species Simplorbitolina manasi Ciry & Rat and Mesorbitolina parva (Douglass) (Orbitolinidae) as upper Aptian “potential index fossils” for parts of the Taft Formation in Central Iran. This age assignment is accompanied by changes to well-established orbitolinid biozona-tions (e.g. occurrence of Praeorbitolina in the late Aptian) with far-reaching implications. These data were also used in a later “multidisciplinary study” (Gheiasvand et al., 2021) for isotopic correlations (e.g., location of OAE`s), delimitation of palaeobiogeographic faunal provinces and related migration patterns. It is shown herein that the taxa identified as S. manasi and M. parva belong to Iraqia simplex Henson and Palorbitolina lenticularis (Blumenbach) respectively documenting a lower and not an upper Aptian age. This revised age and the different taxononomic inventory do not question all results obtained by Gheiasvand et al. (2020, 2021), but provide a revised basis interpretation.
- Published
- 2021
8. Multifactor colorimetric analysis on pH-indicator papers: an optimized approach for direct determination of ambient aerosol pH
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Thomas Klimach, Ulrich Pöschl, Uwe Kuhn, Guo Li, Hang Su, Meng Li, Nan Ma, Yafang Cheng, and Guangjie Zheng
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Atmospheric Science ,Materials science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,lcsh:TA715-787 ,lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations ,Analytical chemistry ,Time resolution ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,lcsh:Environmental engineering ,Aerosol ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Linear relationship ,chemistry ,pH indicator ,Color chart ,Calibration ,RGB color model ,lcsh:TA170-171 ,Colorimetric analysis ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Direct measurement of the acidity (pH) of ambient aerosol particles/droplets has long been a challenge for atmospheric scientists. A novel and facile method was introduced recently by Craig et al. (2018), where the pH of size-resolved aerosol droplets was directly measured by two types of pH-indicator papers (pH ranges: 0–2.5 and 2.5–4.5) combined with RGB-based colorimetric analyses using a model of G−B (G minus B) vs. pH2. Given the wide pH range of ambient aerosols, we optimize the RGB-based colorimetric analysis on pH papers with a wider detection range (pH ∼ 0 to 6). Here, we propose a new model to establish the linear relationship between RGB values and pH: pHpredict = a⋅Rnormal+b⋅Gnormal+c⋅Bnormal. This model shows a wider applicability and higher accuracy than those in previous studies and is thus recommended in future RGB-based colorimetric analyses on pH papers. Moreover, we identify one type of pH paper (Hydrion® Brilliant pH dip stiks, lot no. 3110, Sigma-Aldrich) that is more applicable for ambient aerosols in terms of its wide pH detection range (0 to 6) and strong anti-interference capacity. Custom-made impactors are used to collect lab-generated aerosols on this type of pH paper. Preliminary tests show that, with a collected particle size range of ∼ 0.4–2.2 µm, the pH paper method can be used to predict aerosol pH with an overall uncertainty ≤ 0.5 units. Based on laboratory tests, a relatively short sampling time (∼ 1 to 4 h) is speculated for pH prediction of ambient aerosols. More importantly, our design of the impactors minimizes potential influences of changed environmental conditions during pH paper photographing processes on the predicted aerosol pH. We further show that the routinely adopted way of using pH color charts to predict aerosol pH may be biased by the mismatch between the standard colors on the color charts and the real colors of investigated samples. Thus, instead of using the producer-provided color charts, we suggest an in situ calibration of pH papers with standard pH buffers.
- Published
- 2020
9. Leader on paper, laggard in practice: policy fragmentation and the multi-level paralysis in implementation of the Mexican Climate Act
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Israel Solorio
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Atmospheric Science ,Global and Planetary Change ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Political science ,Development economics ,Fragmentation (computing) ,010501 environmental sciences ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Climate policy ,01 natural sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Over the past decade, Mexican climate policy has captured worldwide attention for its ambition and level of commitment to international goals. Mexico was one of the first countries to adopt a clima...
- Published
- 2021
10. Bibliometric analysis and systematic review of environmental, social, and governance disclosure papers: current topics and recommendations for future research
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Nejla Ould Daoud Ellili
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Atmospheric Science ,Geology ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Earth-Surface Processes ,General Environmental Science ,Food Science - Abstract
This study analyzes the literature on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure by applying a bibliometric analysis of documents published in the Scopus database. The bibliometric analysis allows researchers to highlight the theoretical foundations of a specific research field, identify the main findings of previous studies, and determine future research ideas. This analysis was based on bibliometric authors’ citation analysis, bibliometric papers’ co-citation analysis, bibliometric references’ co-citation analysis, bibliometric journals’ co-citation analysis, co-occurrence keywords cartography analysis, trend and evolution analyses of ESG disclosure publications over the years, and qualitative content analysis. This study reviews 161 documents on ESG disclosure published in the Scopus database. Bibliometric analysis was conducted using VOSviewer, evolution analysis was performed using CiteSpace, and content analysis was performed using Wordstat. The study identified four major clusters: corporate social responsibility, corporate strategy, financial performance, and environmental economics. It also highlights the increasing number of citations and documents related to ESG disclosures. In addition, the journal ‘Business Strategy and the Environment’ significantly contributes to the ESG disclosure research field in terms of number of papers and citations. Additionally, this study highlights various future research opportunities in this field. The findings of this study have practical implications for ESG disclosure, such as the impact of integrating ESG into a company’s business strategy on corporate and financial policies. This study is the only one to review key topics on ESG disclosure that can be largely used for ESG practices. This study provides an overview of how the literature on ESG disclosure has developed, as well as a summary of the most influential authors along with countries, organizations, and journal sources. This offers the opportunity for future research to focus on this topic.
- Published
- 2022
11. Comments on J. J. Smulsky’s Paper 'A New Theory of the Earth Insolation Change over Millions of Years against Marine Isotope Stages'
- Author
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V. M. Fedorov
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Atmospheric Science ,Solar System ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Equator ,Zonal and meridional ,Geophysics ,Oceanography ,01 natural sciences ,Physics::Geophysics ,Latitude ,Planet ,Physics::Space Physics ,0103 physical sciences ,Heat transfer ,Paleoclimatology ,Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Polar ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Insolation calculations for solving the two-body problem have been analyzed. The errors associated with the simplification of the calculation algorithm of insolation and disregard (simultaneously) of the attraction of planets of the solar system and their satellites in calculations of the Earth’s irradiation have been indicated. The use of the method of equivalent latitudes in paleoclimatology has been shown to be inconsistent. The need to take into account changes in the meridional insolation gradient, which regulates the meridional heat transfer from the equator to polar regions, in paleoclimatology and paleogeography has been substantiated.
- Published
- 2020
12. Answers to V. M. Fedorov’s Comments to the Paper 'A New Theory of the Earth Insolation Change over Millions of Years against Marine Isotope Stages' by J. J. Smulsky
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J. J. Smulsky
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Insolation ,Atmospheric Science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Climate change ,Oceanography ,01 natural sciences ,Astrobiology ,Planet ,0103 physical sciences ,Earth (chemistry) ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
V.M. Fedorov has published comments regarding my paper on the new astronomical theory of climate change developed by us and the appendix to it. In this paper, I disagree with his objections and briefly substantiate my disagreement. The new theory is based on solving problems of the evolution of orbital and rotational motions of the Earth under the influence of the Sun, planets, and the Moon. All components of the theory have been published, and the methods, programs, and calculation data are freely available.
- Published
- 2020
13. Not a Paper Chase: Purdue’s Severe Storms Field Work Course
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Robin L. Tanamachi, Loran Carleton Parker, and Daniel T. Dawson
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Atmospheric Science ,History ,Work (electrical) ,Severe weather ,Field (physics) ,Aeronautics ,Course (navigation) - Published
- 2020
14. Paper-based analytical devices with colorimetric detection for determining levoglucosan in atmospheric particulate matter
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Roberta Cerasi Urban, Thiago M. G. Cardoso, Wendell K. T. Coltro, and Isabela M. Dias
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Detection limit ,Atmospheric Science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Levoglucosan ,Biomass ,010501 environmental sciences ,Xylose ,Particulates ,Mass spectrometry ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,TRACER ,Environmental chemistry ,Colorimetry ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Levoglucosan is used as a tracer of biomass burning; however, its determination often requires expensive analytical techniques. Therefore, this study describes the development of an inexpensive and useful method using paper-based analytical devices (PADs) to determine levoglucosan based on colorimetric measurements. The color intensities were correlated with the analytical concentrations and presented linear behavior in the range from 0 to 64.8 μg mL−1. The achieved limits of detection and quantification were 2 and 6 μg mL−1, respectively. The conversion rate of levoglucosan into glucose was 81 ± 8% and the average recovery was 105 ± 9%. Moreover, the method presented selectivity for levoglucosan, showing variation in colorimetric signal intensity lower than 8% in the presence of other saccharides (xylose, glucose, galactose, maltose, mannose, arabinose, and fructose). The accuracy of the method was confirmed by comparison with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The proposed method was explored to determine levoglucosan in samples of atmospheric particulate matter collected in Goiania city (Brazil) and the values ranged from 0.08 to 1.10 μg m−3, showing the high impact of the biomass burning to the particulate matter in the region's atmosphere. The method was also used to detect levoglucosan in rainwater samples. Therefore, the use of PADs can simplify fieldwork involving the determination of levoglucosan in atmospheric particulate matter.
- Published
- 2019
15. Reply to comment on the paper ' on a role of quadruple component of magnetic field in defining solar activity in grand cycles' by Usoskin (2017)
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Simon J. Shepherd, Sergei Zharkov, Valentina Zharkova, and E. Popova
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Physics ,Atmospheric Science ,Current (mathematics) ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Meteorology ,F300 ,F500 ,Variance (accounting) ,01 natural sciences ,Magnetic field ,Geophysics ,Space and Planetary Science ,Component (UML) ,Physics::Space Physics ,0103 physical sciences ,Principal component analysis ,Statistical physics ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Eigenvalues and eigenvectors ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
In this communication we provide our answers to the comments by Usoskin (2017) on our recent paper (Popova et al, 2017a). We show that Principal Component Analysis (PCA) allows us to derive eigen vectors with eigen values assigned to variance of solar magnetic field waves from full disk solar magnetograms obtained in cycles 21–23 which came in pairs. The current paper (Popova et al, 2017a) adds the second pair of magnetic waves generated by quadruple magnetic sources. This allows us to recover a centennial cycle, in addition to the grand cycle, and to produce a closer fit to the solar and terrestrial activity features in the past millennium.
- Published
- 2018
16. Opinion: Papers that shaped Tropospheric Chemistry
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Erika von Schneidemesser, Roberto Sommariva, A. R. Ravishankara, and Paul S. Monks
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Chemistry ,Atmospheric Science ,Engineering ,Work (electrical) ,business.industry ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Tropospheric chemistry ,Legislation ,business ,QD1-999 ,Data science ,Field (geography) - Abstract
Which published papers have transformed our understanding of the chemical processes in the troposphere and shaped the field of atmospheric chemistry? By way of expert solicitation and interactive peer review, this paper explores the influence of the ideas in peer-reviewed articles based on input from our community of atmospheric scientists. We explore how these papers have shaped the development of the field of atmospheric chemistry and identify the major landmarks in the field of atmospheric chemistry through the lens of those papers' impact on science, legislation and environmental events. We also explore the ways in which one can identify the papers that have most impacted the field and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the various approaches. Our work highlights the difficulty of creating a simple list, and we explore the reasons for this difficulty. The paper also provides a history of the development of our understanding of tropospheric chemistry and points some ways for the future.
- Published
- 2021
17. Announcement: New developments for enhancing the reach of papers published in the RGS‐IBG journals
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Catherine Souch and Fiona Nash
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Atmospheric Science ,Global and Planetary Change ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Earth-Surface Processes - Published
- 2019
18. Overview paper: New insights into aerosol and climate in the Arctic
- Author
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J. P. D. Abbatt, W. R. Leaitch, A. A. Aliabadi, A. K. Bertram, J.-P. Blanchet, A. Boivin-Rioux, H. Bozem, J. Burkart, R. Y. W. Chang, J. Charette, J. P. Chaubey, R. J. Christensen, A. Cirisan, D. B. Collins, B. Croft, J. Dionne, G. J. Evans, C. G. Fletcher, M. Galí, R. Ghahremaninezhad, E. Girard, W. Gong, M. Gosselin, M. Gourdal, S. J. Hanna, H. Hayashida, A. B. Herber, S. Hesaraki, P. Hoor, L. Huang, R. Hussherr, V. E. Irish, S. A. Keita, J. K. Kodros, F. Köllner, F. Kolonjari, D. Kunkel, L. A. Ladino, K. Law, M. Levasseur, Q. Libois, J. Liggio, M. Lizotte, K. M. Macdonald, R. Mahmood, R. V. Martin, R. H. Mason, L. A. Miller, A. Moravek, E. Mortenson, E. L. Mungall, J. G. Murphy, M. Namazi, A.-L. Norman, N. T. O'Neill, J. R. Pierce, L. M. Russell, J. Schneider, H. Schulz, S. Sharma, M. Si, R. M. Staebler, N. S. Steiner, J. L. Thomas, K. von Salzen, J. J. B. Wentzell, M. D. Willis, G. R. Wentworth, J.-W. Xu, J. D. Yakobi-Hancock, Department of Chemistry [University of Toronto], University of Toronto, Environment and Climate Change Canada, School of Engineering [Guelph], University of Guelph, Department of Chemistry [Vancouver] (UBC Chemistry), University of British Columbia (UBC), Département des sciences de la terre et de l'atmosphère [Montréal] (SCTA), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Institute for Atmospheric Physics [Mainz] (IPA), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Aerosol Physics and Environmental Physics [Vienna], University of Vienna [Vienna], Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science [Halifax], Dalhousie University [Halifax], Department of Chemistry [Lewisburg], Bucknell University, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry (CHEM ENG), Department of Geography and Environmental Management [Waterloo], University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Department of Biology [Québec], Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Departement de Biologie [Québec], School of Earth and Ocean Sciences [Victoria] (SEOS), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Centre d'Applications et de Recherches en TELédétection [Sherbrooke] (CARTEL), Département de géomatique appliquée [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Department of Atmospheric Science [Fort Collins], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Particle Chemistry Department [Mainz], Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera [Mexico], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Air Quality Processes Research Section, Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma), Institute of Ocean Sciences [Sidney] (IOS), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Department of Mathematics [Isfahan], University of Isfahan, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Calgary], University of Calgary, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Alberta Environment and Parks (AEP), National Research Council of Canada (NRC), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
- Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph] ,Arctic haze ,Atmospheric Science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Global warming ,Climate change ,010501 environmental sciences ,Mineral dust ,Atmospheric sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Sea surface microlayer ,lcsh:QC1-999 ,Atmospheric Sciences ,Aerosol ,lcsh:Chemistry ,Climate Action ,Deposition (aerosol physics) ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,Arctic ,[SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology ,13. Climate action ,Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences ,lcsh:Physics ,Astronomical and Space Sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Motivated by the need to predict how the Arctic atmosphere will change in a warming world, this article summarizes recent advances made by the research consortium NETCARE (Network on Climate and Aerosols: Addressing Key Uncertainties in Remote Canadian Environments) that contribute to our fundamental understanding of Arctic aerosol particles as they relate to climate forcing. The overall goal of NETCARE research has been to use an interdisciplinary approach encompassing extensive field observations and a range of chemical transport, earth system, and biogeochemical models. Several major findings and advances have emerged from NETCARE since its formation in 2013. (1) Unexpectedly high summertime dimethyl sulfide (DMS) levels were identified in ocean water (up to 75 nM) and the overlying atmosphere (up to 1 ppbv) in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). Furthermore, melt ponds, which are widely prevalent, were identified as an important DMS source (with DMS concentrations of up to 6 nM and a potential contribution to atmospheric DMS of 20 % in the study area). (2) Evidence of widespread particle nucleation and growth in the marine boundary layer was found in the CAA in the summertime, with these events observed on 41 % of days in a 2016 cruise. As well, at Alert, Nunavut, particles that are newly formed and grown under conditions of minimal anthropogenic influence during the months of July and August are estimated to contribute 20 % to 80 % of the 30–50 nm particle number density. DMS-oxidation-driven nucleation is facilitated by the presence of atmospheric ammonia arising from seabird-colony emissions, and potentially also from coastal regions, tundra, and biomass burning. Via accumulation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), a significant fraction of the new particles grow to sizes that are active in cloud droplet formation. Although the gaseous precursors to Arctic marine SOA remain poorly defined, the measured levels of common continental SOA precursors (isoprene and monoterpenes) were low, whereas elevated mixing ratios of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) were inferred to arise via processes involving the sea surface microlayer. (3) The variability in the vertical distribution of black carbon (BC) under both springtime Arctic haze and more pristine summertime aerosol conditions was observed. Measured particle size distributions and mixing states were used to constrain, for the first time, calculations of aerosol–climate interactions under Arctic conditions. Aircraft- and ground-based measurements were used to better establish the BC source regions that supply the Arctic via long-range transport mechanisms, with evidence for a dominant springtime contribution from eastern and southern Asia to the middle troposphere, and a major contribution from northern Asia to the surface. (4) Measurements of ice nucleating particles (INPs) in the Arctic indicate that a major source of these particles is mineral dust, likely derived from local sources in the summer and long-range transport in the spring. In addition, INPs are abundant in the sea surface microlayer in the Arctic, and possibly play a role in ice nucleation in the atmosphere when mineral dust concentrations are low. (5) Amongst multiple aerosol components, BC was observed to have the smallest effective deposition velocities to high Arctic snow (0.03 cm s−1).
- Published
- 2019
19. A Paper on the Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillation Published in 1963 in a Chinese Journal
- Author
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Hung-Chi Kuo, Willlliam Lau, Bin Wang, Melinda Peng, Lu Wang, Tim Li, and Chidong Zhang
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Atmospheric Science ,Geography ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Oscillation ,Climatology ,East Asian Monsoon ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) identified by Madden and Julian in the early 1970s has been well recognized as the most prominent intraseasonal signal in the tropics. Its discovery and its relationship with other weather phenomena such as tropical cyclones (TCs) are among the most significant advancements in modern meteorology with broad and far-reaching impacts. The original study by Madden and Julian used radiosonde data on Canton Island, and their spectral analysis revealed the signal of a 40–50-day oscillation.It has come to our attention that an earlier study by Xie et al. published in a Chinese journal documented an oscillatory signal of a 45-day period using radiosonde data from several stations between 70° and 125°E in the tropics. The 40–50-day signal found by Xie et al. is strikingly evident without any filtering. Xie et al. identified that occurrences of TCs are correlated with the 40–50-day variation of low-level westerlies at these stations. The original figures in Xie et al.’s article were hand drawn. Their results are verified using data from a longer period of 1958–70. The 40–50-day oscillation in the monsoon westerlies and its relationship with the occurrence of TCs are confirmed and further expanded upon.This study serves the purpose of bringing recognition to the community of the identification of a 40–50-day signal published in Chinese in 1963 and the discovery of the correlation between MJO phases and TC genesis three decades earlier than studies on this subject published outside China.
- Published
- 2018
20. Direct measurement of aerosol acidity using pH testing paper and hygroscopic equilibrium under high relative humidity
- Author
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Qinping Song and Kazuo Osada
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,Aqueous solution ,Materials science ,Ionic strength ,Analytical chemistry ,Ionic bonding ,Particle ,Relative humidity ,Chemical reaction ,General Environmental Science ,Aerosol ,Dilution - Abstract
Acidity is a critical characteristic of aerosol particles that impacts many atmospheric chemical reactions. However, the measurement of aerosol acidity remains challenging because of the high ionic strength of atmospheric aerosol particles. In this study, we developed and evaluated a direct method for measuring the pH of atmospheric aerosol samples using pH testing paper. We first examined the color responses of six pH testing papers under various ionic strengths and selected the best performing paper for further testing at higher ionic strength. This paper was then tested under realistic high-ionic-strength conditions created using hygroscopic equilibrium under high and constant relative humidity (RH). A KNO3 saturated solution was used to maintain an RH of 92% in an airtight box. Under these conditions, the hygroscopic constituents in aerosol particles form droplets of aqueous solutions that possess high ionic strength. On the basis of these results, a method for the direct pH measurement of aerosol particle samples was developed. The pH of the atmospheric aerosol samples was measured using this method under high RH to demonstrate its versatility. Our results indicate that this method requires more than approximately 12 μg per spot of fine (PM0.2–2.0 in this study) particles to form a detectable droplet. Compared with previous methods, our direct pH measurement method is simpler, more convenient, and reliable for wide application without excess dilution in practice, and it may be used to obtain important basic information required to study atmospheric aerosols.
- Published
- 2021
21. NEWS AND NOTES, TECHNOLOGY, CONFERENCE NOTEBOOK, PAPERS OF NOTE
- Author
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Holly Obermeier
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science - Published
- 2017
22. Comments to the paper 'Analysis of early instrumental air temperature observations before and after the Tambora volcano eruption'
- Author
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A. A. Kiselev
- Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,Atmospheric Science ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Volcano ,Climatology ,Air temperature ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology - Published
- 2017
23. The Answer to the Comments by Yu. D. Resnyanskii to the Papers by L. Kh. Ingel’ and A. A. Makosko
- Author
-
Kh. Ingel and A. A. Makosko
- Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,Atmosphere ,Atmospheric Science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Meteorology ,Gravitational field ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
The critical comments to the publications by the authors ofthe present paper that were given in [10] (the publications deal with the possible effects of gravity field inhomogeneities in the atmosphere and ocean) are discussed. In the authors' opinion, some remarks are groundless. At the same time, the authors agree with one of the important remarks that the results of their paper concerning studies of the ocean disturbances are to be reconsidered.
- Published
- 2016
24. Tropical low formation during the Australian monsoon: the events of January 2013 (paper updated July 2016)
- Author
-
S Müller, S Tang, G Kilroy, Roger K. Smith, and Michael T. Montgomery
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,Oceanography ,Climatology ,Environmental science ,Monsoon - Published
- 2015
25. A methodological critique on using temperature-conditioned resampling for climate projections as in the paper of Gerstengarbe et al. (2013) winter storm- and summer thunderstorm-related loss events in Theoretical and Applied Climatology (TAC)
- Author
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Maximilian Wechsung and Frank Wechsung
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Global warming ,Winter storm ,02 engineering and technology ,Atmospheric sciences ,01 natural sciences ,020801 environmental engineering ,Stars ,Resampling ,Climatology ,Thunderstorm ,Spatial ecology ,Environmental science ,Precipitation ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Downscaling - Abstract
The STatistical Analogue Resampling Scheme (STARS) statistical approach was recently used to project changes of climate variables in Germany corresponding to a supposed degree of warming. We show by theoretical and empirical analysis that STARS simply transforms interannual gradients between warmer and cooler seasons into climate trends. According to STARS projections, summers in Germany will inevitably become dryer and winters wetter under global warming. Due to the dominance of negative interannual correlations between precipitation and temperature during the year, STARS has a tendency to generate a net annual decrease in precipitation under mean German conditions. Furthermore, according to STARS, the annual level of global radiation would increase in Germany. STARS can be still used, e.g., for generating scenarios in vulnerability and uncertainty studies. However, it is not suitable as a climate downscaling tool to access risks following from changing climate for a finer than general circulation model (GCM) spatial scale.
- Published
- 2015
26. Comment on the paper of Willems, P.: Multidecadal oscillatory behaviour of rainfall extremes in Europe. Published in: Climatic Change 120 (4), p. 931–944
- Author
-
Svenja Fischer and Andreas Schumann
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,Global and Planetary Change ,Series (mathematics) ,Climatology ,Autocorrelation ,Climate change ,Coherence (statistics) ,Random variable ,Cycle length ,Mathematics - Abstract
In his article Willems (Clim Chang 120(4):931–944, 2013) proposed a methodology to analyse extremes in rainfall series. When applying it to artificially generated, non-cyclic random variables we were able to detect cyclic behavior. Therefor we had a closer look on the methodology. Here we discuss our considerations, why this method generates cycles, depending on chosen subperiods and their coherence between detected cycle lengths. To verify these relationships some examples based on random data samples are given.
- Published
- 2015
27. Energy light structures during femtosecond laser radiation filamentation in air. To the 50th anniversary of the first paper about light self-focusing
- Author
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Yu. E. Geints, A. A. Zemlyanov, and A. D. Bulygin
- Subjects
Physics ,Atmospheric Science ,business.industry ,Self-focusing ,Oceanography ,Laser ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,law.invention ,Protein filament ,Nonlinear system ,Optics ,Filamentation ,law ,Dissipative system ,Femtosecond laser radiation ,Photonics ,business ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
A class of energy light structures in nonlinear wave physics, so-called diffraction-beam tubes in a self-focusing dissipative medium, has been studied. It is shown that their interaction along a high-power femtosecond laser radiation propagation path produces areas of light energy localization, stable in physical characteristics, i.e., a filament and a post-filamentation channel, as well as an energy-conservative periphery. Stabilization of boundaries of the above areas is provided by additional contraction of a diffractive nature from the side of the periphery. The dependencies of filamentation length of a laser pulse on the power and beam radius and the fact of high intensity conservation in the post-filamentation light channel are interpreted using this concept.
- Published
- 2014
28. Comments on the paper 'TEC variations during geomagnetic storm/substorm with PC5/PI2 pulsation signature' by A.M. Hamada, A.M. Mahrous, I. Fathy, E. Ghamry, K. Groves, K. Yumoto
- Author
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O. S. Bolaji
- Subjects
Geomagnetic storm ,Atmospheric Science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,TEC ,Aerospace Engineering ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Atmospheric sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Geophysics ,Space and Planetary Science ,0103 physical sciences ,Substorm ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Signature (topology) ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Published
- 2016
29. Comments to the paper of L.Kh. Ingel’ and A.A. Makosko 'Disturbances induced by gravity field inhomogeneities in the barotropic ocean'
- Author
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Yu. D. Resnyanskii
- Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,Atmospheric Science ,Gravitational field ,Barotropic fluid ,Equations of motion ,Natural coordinate system ,Geophysics ,Geodesy ,Geology ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Analyzed are the attempts of the authors of the reviewed paper to prove that the effects created by minor inhomogeneities of the gravity field are significant for geophysical flows. These attempts can hardly be considered successful. The reasons for the failure are described.
- Published
- 2015
30. The reply of the authors to the comments by A.A. Kiselev to the paper 'Analysis of early instrumental air temperature observations before and after the Tambora volcano eruption'
- Author
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Dmitry M. Sonechkin and N. V. Vakulenko
- Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,Atmospheric Science ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Volcano ,Meteorology ,Climatology ,Air temperature ,Geology ,Water Science and Technology - Published
- 2017
31. Reply to comments on papers by Lu et al
- Author
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Yehu Lu and Faming Wang
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Ecology ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,05 social sciences ,MEDLINE ,Environmental science ,Library science ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,01 natural sciences ,050107 human factors ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Published
- 2015
32. Weather Verification Papers Requested
- Author
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Brian Etherton, Betsy Weatherhead, and Paul Markowski
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,Operations research ,Aeronautics ,Computer science - Published
- 2015
33. The Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate – the first six years: status and evaluation of published papers and policies
- Author
-
Jan Janssens, Agnès Henri, Jurgen Watermann, Anna Belehaki, Jean Lilensten, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), National Observatory of Athens (NOA), LE STUDIUM (LE STUDIUM), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Solar-Terrestrial Centre of Excellence [Brussels] (STCE), EDP SCiences, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Sciences, EDP
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Meteorology ,Computer science ,lcsh:QC851-999 ,Space weather ,Space (commercial competition) ,01 natural sciences ,Physics::Geophysics ,Space and Planetary Science ,Physics::Space Physics ,0103 physical sciences ,Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,[PHYS.ASTR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] ,[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
International audience; No abstract available
- Published
- 2017
34. Royal Meteorological Society classic papers - the greenhouse effect
- Author
-
Hannah Nissan and Sian Williams
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,Meteorology ,Environmental science ,Greenhouse effect - Published
- 2015
35. Papers from the DACH 2013 conference at Innsbruck, Austria
- Author
-
Thomas Haiden, Helmut Mayer, and Mathias W. Rotach
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology ,lcsh:QC851-999 - Published
- 2014
36. Criteria for rejection of papers without review
- Author
-
Sara Mikaloff-Fletcher, Mary-Elena Carr, and Susan E. Trumbore
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,Global and Planetary Change ,Computer science ,Environmental Chemistry ,General Environmental Science - Published
- 2015
37. Critical gaps and implications of risk communication in the global agreements—SFDRR, SDGs, and UNFCCC: 3 select case studies from urban areas of tropics in South Asia
- Author
-
Shabana Khan and Jyoti Mishra
- Subjects
Original Paper ,Atmospheric Science ,Sustainability ,Urban tropics ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Climate change ,South Asia ,SFDRR, SDGs, UNFCCC ,Disaster response ,Risk communication ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
There has been a consistent rise in urban disasters, particularly in developing countries located in tropical areas. Among various challenges of disaster risk management and climate change impacts, it is noted that most residents are poorly informed about their risk exposure or apposite response. The paper is based on the premise that one important cause for this gap is inadequate emphasis on risk communication at different levels of planning and agreements. Accordingly, it highlights some important gaps in the risk communication across international agreements including Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR), Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and evaluates their impacts at the local level. It brings three selected urban case studies located in the tropical areas of the South Asia region that illustrate gaps in risk communication that result in enhanced vulnerability and deviations in response. The findings are based on secondary data and literature focusing on global agreements, risk communication, and disaster response. The paper argues that even though global strategies address urban risks, the fragmented nature of risk communication results in poor response and contributes to losses that occur in disasters. Three critical gaps noted in risk communication include (i) it not prioritized at different levels, (ii) inadequate structures to measure its impacts and stakeholders inclusiveness, and (iii) indifference to cultural diversity and integration. Further, it is suggested that there is a need to redefine risk communication at the global scale that extends beyond warning generation and considers multiple factors influencing response including interlinked vulnerabilities and variations in perceptions emerging from varied geographical, socio-cultural, economic, and political processes.
- Published
- 2022
38. Pandemic episodes, CO2 emissions and global temperatures
- Author
-
Monge, Manuel and Gil-Alana, Luis A.
- Subjects
Original Paper ,ARFIMA models ,Atmospheric Science ,Pandemic ,Unit roots ,Global temperatures ,C25 ,CO2 emissions ,C22 - Abstract
This paper deals with the relationship between the CO2 emissions and the global temperatures across the various pandemic episodes that have been taken place in the last 100 years. To carry out the analysis, first we conducted unit root tests finding evidence of nonstationary I(1) behavior, that means that a shift in time causes a change in the shape of distribution. However, due to the low statistical power of unit root tests, we also used a methodology based on long memory and fractional integration. Our results indicate that the emissions display very heterogeneous behaviour in relation with the degree of persistence across pandemics. The temperatures are more homogeneous, finding values for the orders of integration of the series smaller than 1 in all cases, and thus showing mean reverting behaviour. pre-print 349 KB
- Published
- 2022
39. Wildfire impacts on education and healthcare: Paradise, California, after the Camp Fire
- Author
-
Payel Sen, Sara Hamideh, and Erica C. Fischer
- Subjects
Original Paper ,Atmospheric Science ,Community resilience ,Social vulnerability ,business.industry ,Interdependencies ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Equitable recovery ,Wildfire impacts ,Public relations ,Archival research ,Mental health ,Interconnectedness ,Education and healthcare ,Interdependence ,Political science ,Health care ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Damages ,business ,Water Science and Technology ,media_common - Abstract
The 2018 Camp Fire caused significant damages to the education and healthcare systems in the town of Paradise, CA. This paper presents the findings of a qualitative case study about disaster impacts and disparities, interdependencies, and recovery strategies of schools and hospitals in Paradise. Four major themes of findings emerged from the qualitative analysis of interviews with teachers, counselors, and administrators in Paradise education and healthcare systems and extensive archival research. First, complex and long-standing mental health challenges are the dominant impact on the educational system. Second, educational and healthcare impacts are shaped by social vulnerability. Third, educational and healthcare systems play a critical role for recovery of socially vulnerable groups due to the interconnectedness of community components. Fourth, adapting to new communication norms and technologies is effective for supporting educational and community recovery. Several specific recommendations are provided based on the findings for building back more resilient and equitable education and healthcare services.
- Published
- 2021
40. Effects of ambient temperature during the nestling stage on a stress indicator in nestling pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca
- Author
-
Mirosława Bańbura, Jerzy Bańbura, Michał Glądalski, Adam Kaliński, Piotr Zieliński, Jarosław Wawrzyniak, Agnieszka Podstawczyńska, Marcin Markowski, and Joanna Skwarska
- Subjects
Original Paper ,Atmospheric Science ,Maximum temperature ,Ecology ,biology ,Stress index ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Stress indicator ,Foraging ,Stress induced ,Temperature ,Ficedula ,Temperature indicators ,Precipitation ,biology.organism_classification ,Ficedula hypoleuca ,Songbirds ,Animal science ,Animals ,Nestlings ,Weather - Abstract
Long-term and short-term changes in ambient temperature can cause stress in birds, leading to changes in the level of hematological parameters. The H:L ratio (heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio) is a hematological index that allows for the assessment of the stress induced by environmental changes, including weather conditions. In this paper, we examined the influence of temperatures and the sum of precipitation on the health of nestling pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) by using the H:L ratio reflecting the body’s response to stress. All examined temperature indicators influenced the H:L ratio, yet the average value of daily minimum temperature during the first 12 days of nestling life had the strongest influence, maximum temperature had the weakest effect, while precipitation had no significant influence. Our research indicates that even a small increase in temperature caused a stress reaction in nestling pied flycatchers, which was reflected by an increase in the H:L ratio. The increase in the stress index (H:L ratio) was probably a result of poor weather conditions (precipitation, low temperature), which prevented the adult birds from actively foraging and properly feeding the nestlings.
- Published
- 2021
41. Heat waves: a hot topic in climate change research
- Author
-
Lutz Bornmann, Robin Haunschild, and Werner Marx
- Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Estimation ,Original Paper ,Atmospheric Science ,Survivability ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Climate change ,Computer Science - Digital Libraries ,Scientific literature ,Heat wave ,Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics ,Geography ,Hot weather ,Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph) ,Regional science ,Digital Libraries (cs.DL) ,Urban heat island ,High humidity - Abstract
Research on heat waves (periods of excessively hot weather, which may be accompanied by high humidity) is a newly emerging research topic within the field of climate change research with high relevance for the whole of society. In this study, we analyzed the rapidly growing scientific literature dealing with heat waves. No summarizing overview has been published on this literature hitherto. We developed a suitable search query to retrieve the relevant literature covered by the Web of Science (WoS) as complete as possible and to exclude irrelevant literature (n = 8,011 papers). The time-evolution of the publications shows that research dealing with heat waves is a highly dynamic research topic, doubling within about 5 years. An analysis of the thematic content reveals the most severe heat wave events within the recent decades (1995 and 2003), the cities and countries/regions affected (United States, Europe, and Australia), and the ecological and medical impacts (drought, urban heat islands, excess hospital admissions, and mortality). Risk estimation and future strategies for adaptation to hot weather are major political issues. We identified 104 citation classics which include fundamental early works of research on heat waves and more recent works (which are characterized by a relatively strong connection to climate change)., 40 pages, 2 tables, and 9 figures
- Published
- 2021
42. Direct GHG emissions from a pilot scale MBR-process treating municipal wastewater
- Author
-
Baresel Christian, Bornold Niclas, Yang Jingjing, Tjus Kåre, Westling Klara, and Kanders Linda
- Subjects
H1-99 ,Atmospheric Science ,Global and Planetary Change ,Methane (CH4) ,Ultrafiltration ,Membrane biological reactor (MBR) ,Nitrous oxide ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Pulp and paper industry ,Methane ,Social sciences (General) ,Nitrous oxide (N2O) ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Wastewater ,Meteorology. Climatology ,Greenhouse gas ,Carbon footprint ,Environmental science ,Greenhouse gases (GHGs) ,QC851-999 ,Aeration ,Effluent - Abstract
To evaluate direct greenhouse gas emissions from Membrane Biological Reactor (MBR), measurements of nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) were made at a pilot-scale MBR treating municipal wastewater Measurements were conducted during two campaigns with some changes in processes, i.e. introducing a pre-aeration tank in the second measurement, different distributions of aeration in the treatment line, not the same wastewater inflow rate, two types of ultrafiltration membrane. It was found that about 0.004% and 0.07% of the total ammonium loads were emitted as N2O, CH4 emissions were 0.026% and 0.12% of incoming TOC (0.008% and 0.04% of incoming COD) in 2014 and 2018. The obtained N2O emission values were relatively low. The study suggested that a high aeration at the beginning of the treatment line may result in significantly high emissions of both N2O and CH4. A significant change in aeration in the membrane ultrafiltration tank did not have the same impact. The MBR process is known for high quality effluent but have been questioned due to its higher carbon footprint due to energy consumption. This study gave a reference case about direct GHG emissions from MBR process and provide information for the further evaluation of MBR processes.
- Published
- 2022
43. A New Index Developed for Fast Diagnosis of Meteorological Roles in Ground-Level Ozone Variations
- Author
-
Weihua, Chen, Weiwen, Wang, Shiguo, Jia, Jingying, Mao, Fenghua, Yan, Lianming, Zheng, Yongkang, Wu, Xingteng, Zhang, Yutong, Dong, Lingbin, Kong, Buqing, Zhong, Ming, Chang, Min, Shao, and Xuemei, Wang
- Subjects
Physical dispersion capacity ,Original Paper ,Atmospheric Science ,Photochemical reaction condition ,Meteorology synthetic index ,Ground-level ozone - Abstract
China experienced worsening ground-level ozone (O3) pollution from 2013 to 2019. In this study, meteorological parameters, including surface temperature (T2), solar radiation (SW), and wind speed (WS), were classified into two aspects, (1) Photochemical Reaction Condition (PRC = T2 × SW) and (2) Physical Dispersion Capacity (PDC = WS). In this way, a Meteorology Synthetic Index (MSI = PRC/PDC) was developed for the quantification of meteorology-induced ground-level O3 pollution. The positive linear relationship between the 90th percentile of MDA8 (maximum daily 8-h average) O3 concentration and MSI determined that the contribution of meteorological changes to ground-level O−3 varied on a latitudinal gradient, decreasing from ∼40% in southern China to 10%–20% in northern China. Favorable photochemical reaction conditions were more important for ground-level O3 pollution. This study proposes a universally applicable index for fast diagnosis of meteorological roles in ground-level O3 variability, which enables the assessment of the observed effects of precursor emissions reductions that can be used for designing future control policies. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s00376-021-1257-x.
- Published
- 2022
44. Another Record: Ocean Warming Continues through 2021 despite La Niña Conditions
- Author
-
Lijing Cheng, John Abraham, Kevin E. Trenberth, John Fasullo, Tim Boyer, Michael E. Mann, Jiang Zhu, Fan Wang, Ricardo Locarnini, Yuanlong Li, Bin Zhang, Zhetao Tan, Fujiang Yu, Liying Wan, Xingrong Chen, Xiangzhou Song, Yulong Liu, Franco Reseghetti, Simona Simoncelli, Viktor Gouretski, Gengxin Chen, Alexey Mishonov, and Jim Reagan
- Subjects
ocean warming ,Original Paper ,Atmospheric Science ,observation ,La Niña ,La Nina ,attribution ,ocean heat - Abstract
The increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere from human activities traps heat within the climate system and increases ocean heat content (OHC). Here, we provide the first analysis of recent OHC changes through 2021 from two international groups. The world ocean, in 2021, was the hottest ever recorded by humans, and the 2021 annual OHC value is even higher than last year’s record value by 14 ± 11 ZJ (1 zetta J = 1021 J) using the IAP/CAS dataset and by 16 ± 10 ZJ using NCEI/NOAA dataset. The long-term ocean warming is larger in the Atlantic and Southern Oceans than in other regions and is mainly attributed, via climate model simulations, to an increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations. The year-to-year variation of OHC is primarily tied to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). In the seven maritime domains of the Indian, Tropical Atlantic, North Atlantic, Northwest Pacific, North Pacific, Southern oceans, and the Mediterranean Sea, robust warming is observed but with distinct inter-annual to decadal variability. Four out of seven domains showed record-high heat content in 2021. The anomalous global and regional ocean warming established in this study should be incorporated into climate risk assessments, adaptation, and mitigation.
- Published
- 2022
45. A digital tool for prevention and management of cold weather injuries—Cold Weather Ensemble Decision Aid (CoWEDA)
- Author
-
Julio A. Gonzalez, Xiaojiang Xu, Timothy P Rioux, Eric O. Hansen, John W. Castellani, Adam W. Potter, Anthony J Karis, and William R. Santee
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,Meteorology ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Context (language use) ,Hypothermia ,Clothing ,Manikin ,Decision Support Techniques ,03 medical and health sciences ,Thermoregulation model ,0302 clinical medicine ,Lower body ,Protective Clothing ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Weather ,Cold weather ,050107 human factors ,Original Paper ,Frostbite ,Ecology ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,030229 sport sciences ,medicine.disease ,Cold Temperature ,Environmental science ,Wind chill ,Body region ,Clothing insulation ,business ,Body Temperature Regulation - Abstract
This paper describes a Cold Weather Ensemble Decision Aid (CoWEDA) that provides guidance for cold weather injury prevention, mission planning, and clothing selection. CoWEDA incorporates current science from the disciplines of physiology, meteorology, clothing, and computer modeling. The thermal performance of a cold weather ensemble is defined by endurance times, which are the time intervals from initial exposure until the safety limits are reached. These safety limits correspond to conservative temperature thresholds that provide a warning of the approaching onset of frostbite and/or hypothermia. A validated six-cylinder thermoregulatory model is used to predict human thermal responses to cold while wearing different ensembles. The performance metrics, model, and a database of clothing properties were integrated into a user-friendly software application. CoWEDA is the first tool that allows users to build their own ensembles from the clothing menu (i.e., jackets, footwear, and accessories) for each body region (i.e., head, torso, lower body, hands, feet) and view their selections in the context of physiological strain and the operational consequences. Comparison of predicted values to skin and core temperatures, measured during 17 cold exposures ranging from 0 to −40°C, indicated that the accuracy of CoWEDA prediction is acceptable, and most predictions are within measured mean ± SD. CoWEDA predicts the risk of frostbite and hypothermia and ensures that a selected clothing ensemble is appropriate for expected weather conditions and activities. CoWEDA represents a significant enhancement of required clothing insulation (IREQ, ISO 11079) and wind chill index-based guidance for cold weather safety and survival.
- Published
- 2021
46. Optimization of WD-XRF analytical technique to measure elemental abundance in PM2.5 dust collected on quartz-fibre filter
- Author
-
Pramod Soni, A. Gupta, and Shubham Gupta
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Correlation coefficient ,Filter paper ,Analytical chemistry ,Sampling (statistics) ,010501 environmental sciences ,Particulates ,01 natural sciences ,Pollution ,law.invention ,Deposition (aerosol physics) ,law ,Environmental science ,Atomic absorption spectroscopy ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Quartz ,Air quality index ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Kanpur is one of the most polluted industrial cities in the world, as tagged by the World Health Organization in 2018. Most studies on airborne particulate matter in the area have shown that the PM2.5 concentration in the city is much higher than that of other major cities around the country. In the present study, for analyzing the air quality (PM2.5) and elemental concentration (Zn, Ca, Fe, K, Mn, Ni, Pb, Al, Cr, and Na) over the winter season at Kanpur, sampling was done by collecting the air sample on quartz fiber filter paper. The air samples were analyzed using the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (FAAS). The elemental concentration was also estimated by using the optimized power for X-rays via WD-XRF. The PM2.5 concentration at the site was about 333.2 ± 52 μg/m3, which was 90% higher than the concentration measured in the year 2007 for the Kanpur city and 5-fold the safe limits as per Indian and global air quality standards for PM2.5. The inhomogeneous deposition was also observed, especially for the K and Na. The optimized power for the WD-XRF was about 2 kW for K and Ca, while 0.9 kW for Na. A high correlation coefficient was obtained between WD-XRF and FAAS concentration for Al, K, Na.
- Published
- 2021
47. PARTNERICE MERCATOROVE PROJEKCIJE: u spomen professoru emeritusu Waldi R. Tobleru (1930. – 2018.)
- Author
-
Miljenko Lapaine
- Subjects
Surface (mathematics) ,Atmospheric Science ,Azimuthal equidistant projection ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Short paper ,Geometry ,law.invention ,Projection (mathematics) ,Cover (topology) ,law ,Equidistant ,Mercator projection ,Map projection ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Demography ,Mathematics - Abstract
The late Professor Emeritus Waldo Tobler recently published a short paper, A Companion for Mercator (Tobler, 2017). He was inspired by the often inappropriate use of the Mercator projection and suggested an alternative equal-area projection. The equations of the Tobler-Mercator map projection maintain the Mercator projection ranges between the parallels, with adjusted forms of the meridians. All territories, though drastically deformed by shape, cover their exact surface areas. Inspired by Tobler’s approach, this paper proposes an alternative equidistant projection. The equations of this projection also preserve the Mercator projection ranges between the parallels, with the customized forms of meridians. Thus, a new companion of the Mercator projection has been created -a pseudocylindrical projection equidistant along the parallels. Formulas that describe the distortions of the Mercator projection and its companions have also been derived.
- Published
- 2019
48. Modelling temperature extremes in the Limpopo province: bivariate time-varying threshold excess approach
- Author
-
Anna M. Seimela, James J. Cochran, Caston Sigauke, and Daniel Maposa
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,Multivariate statistics ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Climate change ,02 engineering and technology ,Bivariate analysis ,01 natural sciences ,Natural hazard ,Statistics ,Laplace margins ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Extreme value theory ,Temperature extremes ,Time-varying threshold ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology ,Original Paper ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Global warming ,Cold wave ,Conditional extremes model ,Geography ,Bivariate extreme modelling ,North west - Abstract
A common problem that arises in extreme value theory when dealing with several variables (such as weather or meteorological) is to find an appropriate method to assess their joint or conditional multivariate extremal dependence behaviour. The method for choosing an appropriate threshold in peaks-over threshold approach is also another problem of endless debate. In this era of climate change and global warming, extreme temperatures accompanied by heat waves and cold waves pose serious economic and health challenges particularly in small economies or developing countries like South Africa. The present study attempts to address these problems, in particular, to deal with and capture dependencies in extreme values of two variables, by applying bivariate conditional extremes modelling with a time-varying threshold to Limpopo province's monthly maximum temperature series. Limpopo and North West provinces are the two hottest provinces in South Africa characterised by heat waves and the present study is carried out in the Limpopo province at Mara, Messina, Polokwane and Thabazimbi meteorological stations for the period 1994-2009. With the aim to model extremal dependence of maximum temperature at these four meteorological stations, two modelling approaches are applied: bivariate conditional extremes model and time-varying threshold. The latter approach was used to capture the climate change effects in the data. The main contribution of this paper is in combining these two approaches in bivariate extremal dependence modelling of maximum temperature extremes in the Limpopo province of South Africa. The findings of the study revealed both significant positive and negative extremal dependence in some pairs of meteorological stations. Among the major findings were the significant strong positive extremal dependence of Thabazimbi on high-temperature values at Mara and the strong negative extremal dependence of Polokwane on high-temperature values at Messina. The findings of this study play an important role in revealing information useful to meteorologists, climatologists, agriculturalists, and planners in the energy sector among others.
- Published
- 2021
49. A Bayesian BWM and VIKOR-based model for assessing hospital preparedness in the face of disasters
- Author
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Muhammet Gul, Halit Serdar Saner, and Melih Yucesan
- Subjects
Bayesian best–worst method ,Original Paper ,Atmospheric Science ,Computer science ,Bayesian probability ,Probabilistic logic ,TOPSIS ,Hospital disaster preparedness ,Ranking ,Face (geometry) ,Preparedness ,Statistics ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Pairwise comparison ,Decision model ,VIKOR ,Credal ranking ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Hospitals are the first point of contact for people in the face of disasters that interfere with the daily functioning of life and endanger health and social life. All preparations should be made considering the worst possible conditions and the provided service should continue without interruption. In this study, a multi-criteria decision-making model was developed to evaluate disaster preparedness of hospitals. This decision model includes Bayesian best–worst method (BBWM), the VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) methods. With the proposed decision model, six main criteria and 34 sub-criteria related to disaster preparedness of hospitals were considered. The criteria and sub-criteria evaluated in pairwise comparison manner by the experts were weighted with BBWM. These weight values and the data obtained from the six Turkish hospitals were combined to provide inputs for VIKOR and TOPSIS. In addition, a comparative study and sensitivity analysis were carried out using weight vectors obtained by different tools. BBWM application results show that the “Personnel” criterion was determined as the most important criterion with an importance value of 26%. This criterion is followed by “Equipment” with 25%, “Transportation” with 14%, “Hospital building” and “Communication” with 12%, and “Flexibility” with 11%. Hospital-2 was determined as the most prepared hospital for disasters as a result of VIKOR application. The VIKOR Q value of this hospital was obtained as 0.000. According to the results of the comparative study, Hospital-2 was determined as the most disaster-ready hospital in all six different scenarios. This hospital is followed by Hospital-4 (Q = 0.5661) and Hospital-5 (Q = 0.7464). The remaining rankings were Hospital-6, Hospital-3 and Hospital-1. The solidity of the results was checked with TOPSIS. Based on TOPSIS application results, Hospital-2 was again found the most-ready hospital. The usage of BBWM in this study enabled the expert group’s views to be combined without loss of information and to determine the criteria and sub-criteria weights with less pairwise comparisons in a probabilistic perspective. Via the “Credal ranking”, which is the contribution of BBWM to the literature, the interpretation of the hierarchy between each criterion has been performed more precisely.
- Published
- 2021
50. Retrospection of heatwave and heat index
- Author
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Kirti Vishwakarma, K. C. Pattnayak, and Amit Awasthi
- Subjects
Original Paper ,Atmospheric Science ,Heat index ,Index (economics) ,Extreme events ,Climate change ,Heat wave ,Extreme temperature ,Surface air temperature ,Climatology ,ERA5 ,Environmental science ,Intensity (heat transfer) - Abstract
The frequency and intensity of extreme events especially heat waves (HW) are growing all around the world which ultimately poses a serious threat to the health of individuals. To quantify the effects of extreme temperature, appropriate information, and the importance of HW and heat index (HI) are carefully discussed for different parts of the world. Varied definitions of the HW and HI formula proposed and used by different countries are carried out systematically continent-wise. Different studies highlighted the number of definitions of HW; however, mostly used Steadman’s formulae, which was developed in the late 1970s, for the calculation of HI that uses surface air temperature and relative humidity as climatic fields. Since then, dramatic changes in climatic conditions have been observed as evident from the ERA5 datasets which need to be addressed; likewise, the definition of HW, which is modified by the researchers as per the geographic conditions. It is evident from the ERA5 data that the temperature has increased by 1–2 °C as compared to the 1980s. There is a threefold increase in the number of heatwave days over most of the continents in the last 40 years. This study will help the researcher community to understand the importance of HW and HI. Furthermore, it opens the scope to develop an equation based on the present scenario keeping in mind the basics of an index as considered by Steadman.
- Published
- 2021
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