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The current data on climate change and environmental degradation are dramatic. The consequences of these changes are already having a significant impact on people's health. Physicians - as advocates of the patients, but also as citizens - have an ethical obligation to be involved in efforts to stop these changes. The European Federation of Internal Medicine (EFIM) strongly encourages the Internal Medicine societies and internists across Europe to play an active role in matters related to climate change and environmental degradation. At a national level, this includes advocating the adoption of measures that reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and environmental degradation and contributing to policy decisions related to these issues. At a hospital level and in clinical practice, supporting actions by the health sector to reduce its ecological footprint is vital. At the level of EFIM and its associated internal societies, promoting educational activities and developing a toolkit to prepare internists to better care for citizens who suffer from the consequences of climate change. In addition to advocating and implementing effective actions to reduce the ecological footprint of the health industry, recommending the introduction of these themes in scientific programs of Internal Medicine meetings and congresses and the pre- and postgraduate medical training. At a personal level, internists must be active agents in advocating sustainable practices for the environment, increasing the awareness of the community about the health risks of climate change and environmental degradation, and being role models in the adoption of environmentally friendly behaviour.

Environmental health refers to the health effects associated with environmental factors, such as air pollution, water contamination, and climate change. Environmental hazards are associated with poor outcomes in common diseases, including diabetes and heart disease. In this position paper, the American College of Physicians (ACP) seeks to inform physicians about environmental health and offers policymakers recommendations to reduce the adverse health consequences of climate change, improve air and water quality, reduce exposure to toxic substances, and address environmental injustice. ACP affirms that all communities, including people of color, people with low income, and marginalized populations, deserve to live in a healthy environment.

This is a policy white paper on climate-related loss and damages which was developed by the Global Council for Science and the Environment.

The Tibetan Plateau works as an important environmental and ecological barrier for the Asian continent. The researches on Tibetan environment and ecology are becoming extensive, but there is no systematic summary of research hotspots and trends in this field. Here, we analyzed 9180 publications retrieved from the WOS and CNKI during 2000 ~ 2020. The characteristics of publication, keywords with a 5-year interval and co-occurrence analysis were carried out so as to reveal the evolution and development trends of topics. The results show that articles increase dramatically since 2012. Except for common concerns like evolution, climate change, and precipitation, diversity was been studied more by Chinese scholars, while the USA, Germany, UK, and Australia researchers focused more on adaptability, basin western Tibet, lake, barley, and ore-related themes, respectively. Besides, China closely collaborated with the USA, Australia, and Germany in topics of evolution, climate change and degradation, precipitation, and diversity. The institutions located in Chinese different economic regions focused on different research keywords, such as vegetation, growth, trace elements, and geochemistry. The CAS contributed the most articles with 4254, showed advantages both in quantity and quality. Few articles were published by researchers affiliated to Free University of Berlin but with higher citations. It is the only one institute outside of China in the top 20. Main research hotspots include climate change, geology, and diversity. In future researches, ecological management and rehabilitation of mining area and tailings ponds, waste disposal, and changes of soil and water quality are worthy of attention and funding.

Supportind data for paper.

S. Trivikrama Rao, Ph.D.There is scientific consensus that climate change has been contributing to rising surface temperatures, changing weather pattens, and extreme weather events leading to extre...

There has been a consistent rise in urban disasters, particularly in developing countries located in tropical areas. Among various challenges of disaster risk management and climate change impacts, it is noted that most residents are poorly informed about their risk exposure or apposite response. The paper is based on the premise that one important cause for this gap is inadequate emphasis on risk communication at different levels of planning and agreements. Accordingly, it highlights some important gaps in the risk communication across international agreements including Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR), Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and evaluates their impacts at the local level. It brings three selected urban case studies located in the tropical areas of the South Asia region that illustrate gaps in risk communication that result in enhanced vulnerability and deviations in response. The findings are based on secondary data and literature focusing on global agreements, risk communication, and disaster response. The paper argues that even though global strategies address urban risks, the fragmented nature of risk communication results in poor response and contributes to losses that occur in disasters. Three critical gaps noted in risk communication include (i) it not prioritized at different levels, (ii) inadequate structures to measure its impacts and stakeholders inclusiveness, and (iii) indifference to cultural diversity and integration. Further, it is suggested that there is a need to redefine risk communication at the global scale that extends beyond warning generation and considers multiple factors influencing response including interlinked vulnerabilities and variations in perceptions emerging from varied geographical, socio-cultural, economic, and political processes.

Climate change affects butterflies in many ways, influencing the timing of emergence and reproduction, habitat preferences, and behaviour. The small blue (Cupido minimus Fuessley, 1775) is highly specialised in its host plant requirements, feeding on the seeds of a single species, kidney vetch (Anthyllis vulneraria), on which the larvae occur singly to avoid cannibalism. The butterfly is likely to be vulnerable to temperature-related changes in oviposition, adult emergence, and host plant flowering times, and is, therefore, a good model species for investigating climate change-related impacts. Using 26 years of data from the national UK Butterfly Monitoring Scheme (1993-2019) from one nature reserve, and 4 years of targeted egg searches (2006, 2007, 2008, 2020) from three reserves in Bedfordshire, UK, we investigated the effects of local temperature on small blue emergence date and total abundance, whether flowerhead or local environmental characteristics predicted small blue oviposition behaviour, and whether this changed between years. Small blue adults emerged on earlier dates over time, and earlier in years with higher maximum February temperatures. Total adult abundance was not predicted by monthly temperatures or total abundance in the previous year. Oviposition behaviour was broadly consistent across years, with egg presence more likely and egg abundance higher on kidney vetch flowerheads that were taller than the surrounding vegetation, and surrounded by taller vegetation and fewer mature flowerheads. The effect of solar radiation differed between years, with a negative effect on the probability of egg presence in 2007 and 2008, but a positive effect in 2020. Egg abundance per flowerhead was highly variable between years, with 2006 having four times more eggs per flowerhead than other years. This was likely driven by high adult abundance in 2006, which could have increased competition for flowerheads. Implications for insect conservation: Our results indicate that management for greater availability of taller kidney vetch amongst taller vegetation would encourage small blue oviposition on a greater number of flowerheads, providing a possible means of reducing competition and increasing larval survival, and that this would be effective despite variation in adult abundance between years. The high level of competition we observed in the year with the highest adult abundance indicates that higher numbers of host plants should be encouraged to reduce competition and larval cannibalism in peak years, increasing the likelihood of long-term population persistence and growth. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10841-021-00360-5., SITA Trust Landfill Community, Bedfordshire and Northamptonshire Butterfly Conservation, Balfour Browne fund, Natural England, Isaac Newton Trust/Wellcome TrustISSF/University of Cambridge Joint Research Grants Scheme (RG89529)

Augmentals, as a type of verbal rule, have been used in political speeches either for establishing beneficial cultural values for the populace (Leigland, 2005) or for publicizing political points of view to exert control on public opinion through propaganda (Rakos, 1993). The current study conducted a functional content analysis on two presidential speeches about climate change and global warming regarding whether the United States should enter or exit the Paris Climate Agreement. The purposes of the study were to (a) examine the effects of two types of augmentals (reinforcer-establishing augmentals and punisher-establishing augmentals) on behavior change in the populace, (b) explore the effects of the types of relational frames that formed augmentals, and (c) provide guidance to the public on discriminating propaganda in media sources. The results showed different patterns in the use of augmentals in Donald Trump’s speech, which attempted to persuade the populace to support exiting the agreement, compared to Barack Obama’s speech, which attempted to persuade the populace to support entering the agreement. Several implications of the study are discussed.

The frequency and intensity of extreme events especially heat waves (HW) are growing all around the world which ultimately poses a serious threat to the health of individuals. To quantify the effects of extreme temperature, appropriate information, and the importance of HW and heat index (HI) are carefully discussed for different parts of the world. Varied definitions of the HW and HI formula proposed and used by different countries are carried out systematically continent-wise. Different studies highlighted the number of definitions of HW; however, mostly used Steadman’s formulae, which was developed in the late 1970s, for the calculation of HI that uses surface air temperature and relative humidity as climatic fields. Since then, dramatic changes in climatic conditions have been observed as evident from the ERA5 datasets which need to be addressed; likewise, the definition of HW, which is modified by the researchers as per the geographic conditions. It is evident from the ERA5 data that the temperature has increased by 1–2 °C as compared to the 1980s. There is a threefold increase in the number of heatwave days over most of the continents in the last 40 years. This study will help the researcher community to understand the importance of HW and HI. Furthermore, it opens the scope to develop an equation based on the present scenario keeping in mind the basics of an index as considered by Steadman.

Improper disposal and burning of agricultural residues are commonly practiced in some developing countries in which harmful gaseous products released into the atmosphere and some are depleted and reacted with the soil causing environmental pollution. Renewable technology can therefore be introduced for the utilization of the residues and ensure proper storage medium of the residues. An investigation was carried out on the pollution potential of oil palm residues on surface and underground water resources at the processing centre. Oil palm residues and water samples from the stream and well located near the oil processing site were used for the experiment. Water samples were collected during the raining and dry season to determine the level of pollution caused by the residues. Physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters of the water samples were determined. The chemical compounds of the palm residues were investigated. Results showed that aromatics compounds are mainly dominant of the palm fruit fiber which was characterized for bio-fuel production. It is revealed that effect of pollution on water bodies is significant at p

Şehirler, dünya yüzölçümünün yalnızca yüzde 2'sini oluştururken; 2018 itibariyle dünya nüfusunun yüzde 55'inden fazlasına ev sahipliği yapmakta ve bu oranın 2050 yılına kadar yaklaşık yüzde 68'e ulaşacağı tahmin edilmektedir. Hızlı kentleşme, kentlerin demografisini değiştirmiş ve çeşitli sosyo-ekonomik statü grupları yaratarak kentlerin kırılganlıklarını derinleştirmiştir. İklim değişikliği karşısında kırılganlığının daha fazla olduğu kabul edilmektedir. Bu kırılganlıktan en çok kentlerde yaşayan ve sosyal olarak savunmasız gruplar etkilenmektedir. Literatürde bu gruplar çocuklar, kadınlar, gençler, yaşlılar, engeliler ve göçmenler olarak belirlenmiştir. Özellikle ülkemiz gibi gelişmekte olan ülkelerde kadınlar, engelliler, göçmenler, azınlıklar, çocuklar, yaşlılar ve gençler gibi kırılgan gruplar iklim değişikliğine karşı daha hassas olmaktadırlar Yerel düzeyde hazırlanan politika belgelerinde iklim değişikliği ile mücadele kapsamında kırılgan gruplara ne ölçüde yer verildiği, bu çalışmanın temel sorusudur. Bu soruya temel yanıt İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi’nin iklim değişikliği alanında ürettiği politika belgeleri üzerinden verilmeye çalışılacaktır., Whilst occupying only 2 percent of the world’s surface area. Cities are home to more than 55 percent of the world’s population as of 2018, which is estimated to reach about 68 percent by 2050 Ostensibly, cities are not just geographical places and infrastructures as such; they need to be taken into account with their inhabitants. Rapid urbanization has changed the demography of the cities and deepened their vulnerability by creating various socio-economic status groups. It is accepted that it is more vulnerable to climate change. Urban and socially vulnerable groups are most affected by this vulnerability. In the literature, these groups are defined as children, women, youth, elderly, disabled and immigrants. Especially when evaluated in terms of developing countries like our country; vulnerable groups such as women, the disabled, immigrants, minorities, children, the elderly and young people are more vulnerable and vulnerable to climate change. The main question of this study is to what extent vulnerable groups are included in the policy documents prepared at the local level within the scope of combating climate change. The main answer to this question will be tried to be given through the policy documents produced by the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality in the field of climate change.

Positive selection is the driving force underpinning local adaptation and leaves footprints of selective sweeps on the underlying major genes. Quantifying the timing of selection and revealing the genetic bases of adaptation in plant species occurring in steep and varying environmental gradients are crucial to predict a species' ability to colonize new niches. We use whole-genome sequence data from six populations across three different habitats of the wild tomato species Solanum chilense to infer the past demographic history and search for genes under strong positive selection. We then correlate current and past climatic projections with the demographic history, allele frequencies, the age of selection events and distribution shifts. Several selective sweeps occur at regulatory networks involved in root-hair development in low altitude and response to photoperiod and vernalization in high-altitude populations. These sweeps appear to occur in a concerted fashion in a given regulatory gene network at particular periods of substantial climatic change. Using a unique combination of genome scans and modelling of past climatic data, we quantify the timing of selection at genes likely underpinning local adaptation to semiarid habitats.

The threat of anthropogenic climate change demands immediate action to prevent further damage to human health and fragile natural ecosystems. This process of change might locally have already begun, led by grassroots organisations around the world. Conceiving their actions as a form of salutogenesis, these organisations build a Sense of Coherence to empower communities to participate in the potentially overwhelming challenge of planetary health. People-Planet-Health aims at giving voice and visibility to those groups and their actions. Contributors will further be invited to co-create a position paper, to inform the revised WHO Global Strategy for Health Promotion.

The health of smallholder farmers is crucial for ensuring food and nutritional security for two billion people. However, their health is in jeopardy for several reasons including challenges from climate change impacts. Using a narrative literature review supported by field observations and informal interviews with key informants in India, Bangladesh and Malawi, this paper identifies and discusses the health impacts of climate change under four categories: (i) communicable diseases, (ii) non-communicable diseases, (iii) mental health, and (iv) occupational health, safety and other health issues. The health impacts of climate change on smallholder farmers will hamper the realization of many of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals, and a series of recommendations are made to regional and country governments to address the increasing health impacts of accelerating climate change among smallholder farmers.

International audience; The potential of psychological and fiscal framing interventions in motivating environmentally responsible behavior is explored in a context of long distance leisure travel. A series of discrete choice experiments is conducted with 789 participants. Framing conditions like information on CO2 emissions, an injunctive and a descriptive norm, fiscal incentives such as a carbon tax, a bonus-malus and a personal carbon trading scheme are tested while controlling the usual travel price-duration tradeoff. Pricing (including internalization of social cost of CO2 through fiscal incentives) has the expected effect of reducing the choice of travelling and hence CO2 emissions. Providing information on CO2 emissions of each transport alternative significantly reduces preferences for the most emitting modes (air) and favors a less emitting mode (train). Framing the fiscal incentive as personal carbon trading adds a moderate incentive to the price effect in reducing air choice.

This paper analyses net-zero emissions targets adopted in law, proposed in legislation, or reflected in policy documents in 51 countries and the EU to better understand their characteristics, similarities and differences. It examines countries’ experiences with translating net-zero targets into near-term plans and analyses four case studies to show how countries develop and implement different pathways to net-zero. This paper also explores the potential role and associated risks, both for individual countries and globally, of using international carbon markets to help achieve countries’ net-zero targets. The paper concludes that countries are adopting diverse approaches to their net-zero targets and many details are currently unclear, including the balance between emission reductions, removals and the use of international carbon markets in reaching countries’ net-zero targets, and how this may change over the next few decades. The paper concludes that greater clarity on the scope, coverage and detail, in particular how countries plan to meet their net-zero commitments, is important to improve understanding of countries’ net-zero targets, how they interact with each other, and their overall implications for achieving the global temperature goal of the Paris Agreement.

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the extent to which the cultural dimension of individualism/collectivism matters for international differences in climate change policy performance. This study postulates that individualistic societies, relative to their collectivistic counterparts, are more likely to address global climate change.Design/methodology/approachThe main hypothesis is tested using data for a world sample of up to 92 countries. To achieve causal inference, this study isolates exogenous sources of variation in individualistic cultures, based on blood distance to the UK and historical pathogen prevalence.FindingsThe core results suggest that individualistic countries are characterized by greater climate change policy performance. This study also finds evidence that individualism affects climate change policy adoption through enhancing governance and female political representation. Subnational analyses based on data from the World Values Survey indicate that survey participants with an orientation toward individualism tend to self-report positive attitudes to pro-environmental policies.Research limitations/implicationsThe main findings help improve the understanding of the deep origins of climate change policy performance, which is relevant for formulating policies that help mitigate the consequences of changing climate conditions.Originality/valueTo the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper is the first study to link cultural traits of individualism and climate change policy performance across countries.

This paper explores a way of relating to self, others, and the land rooted in embodied affectivity. It explores the way in which our emotions are an inherent part of the natural world and why attention to them matters regarding the environmental crisis. Recognizing the parallel between the prevailing attitudes of Western culture towards the Earth and towards our bodies, the paper offers an alternative paradigm through a poem by a Diné woman. The poem expresses how the Diné culture honours the Earth by seeking to cultivate the beauty and wisdom intrinsic to it within the body, mind, and spirit of the individual. Interwoven in the essay are images that express the land's power and its uncanny ability to resonate with emotional states. This resonance can help us come to know and work with those states that, on the one hand, threaten to overwhelm us, while at the same time, potentially infusing us with the wisdom of their terrible and astonishing beauty. Drawing from affective neuroscience's emphasis on the primacy and embodied basis of emotion, the paper discusses how interoceptive awareness enhances emotional discernment as well as consciousness of one's way of inhabiting and responding to the Earth, including the threatening forces of climate change.Cet article explore une manière enracinée dans l’affectivité incarnée d’être en relation avec le soi, les autres et la terre. L’article explore comment nos émotions sont une partie inhérente du monde naturel et pourquoi leur prêter attention est important en ce qui concerne la crise environnementale. En reconnaissant le parallèle entre les attitudes prédominantes dans la culture occidentale envers la planète et celles envers nos corps, un paradigme alternatif est proposé à travers un poème d’une femme Navajo. Le poème exprime comment la culture Navajo (Diné) honore la Terre en cherchant à cultiver la beauté et la sagesse qui lui sont propres dans les domaines du corps, de l’esprit et de l’âme de l’individu. Entremêlé au texte se trouvent des images qui expriment le pouvoir de la terre et sa capacité mystérieuse à faire écho à nos états émotionnels. Cette résonnance peut nous aider à connaitre ces états et à travailler avec. Etats qui d’une part menacent de nous submerger mais d’autre part nous infusent potentiellement de leur sagesse et de leur beauté terribles et stupéfiantes. S’appuyant sur l’accent que mettent les neurosciences affectives sur le fondement primaire et incarné de l’émotion, l’article traite la question de comment la conscience intéroceptive favorise le discernement émotionnel et la conscience de notre manière d’habiter et de répondre à la Terre, et notamment des forces menaçantes du changement climatique.Dieser Artikel untersucht einen in körperlicher Affektivität verwurzelten Weg um sich auf das Selbst, andere und das Land beziehen zu können. Es untersucht, inwiefern unsere Emotionen ein fester Bestandteil der natürlichen Welt sind und warum es in Bezug auf die Umweltkrise wichtig ist, ihnen Aufmerksamkeit zu schenken. In Anerkennung der Parallelen in den vorherrschenden Einstellungen der westlichen Kultur zur Erde und zu unseren Körpern wird durch ein Gedicht einer Diné-Frau ein alternatives Paradigma angeboten. Das Gedicht drückt aus, wie die Diné-Kultur die Erde ehrt indem sie versucht, die ihr innewohnende Schönheit und Weisheit in Körper, Geist und Seele des Individuums zu kultivieren. Der Essay ist mit Bildern verwoben, die die Macht der Erde und ihre unheimliche Fähigkeit zum Ausdruck bringen, mit emotionalen Zuständen in Resonanz zu treten. Diese Resonanz kann uns helfen, jene Zustände kennenzulernen und mit ihnen zu arbeiten, die uns einerseits zu überwältigen drohen, uns aber gleichzeitig möglicherweise mit der Weisheit ihrer schrecklichen und erstaunlichen Schönheit erfüllen. Ausgehend von der Betonung des Primates und der körperlichen Grundlage der Emotionen durch die Neurowissenschaft der Affekte behandelt der Artikel, wie interozeptives Bewußtsein das emotionale Urteilsvermögen sowie das Bewußtsein für die eigene Art, die Erde zu bewohnen und auf sie zu reagieren, einschließlich der bedrohlichen Kräfte des Klimawandels, verbessert.Questo articolo esplora un modo di relazionarsi con se stessi, gli altri e la terra radicato nell'affettività incarnata. Esplora come le nostre emozioni sono una parte intrinseca del mondo naturale e perché l'attenzione ad esse è importante per quanto riguarda la crisi ambientale. Riconoscendo il parallelo negli atteggiamenti prevalenti della cultura occidentale verso la Terra e verso i nostri corpi, un paradigma alternativo viene offerto attraverso una poesia di una donna Diné. La poesia parla di come la cultura Diné onori la Terra cercando di coltivare la bellezza e la saggezza intrinseche ad essa all'interno del corpo, della mente e dello spirito dell'individuo. Nel saggio si intrecciano immagini che esprimono il potere della Terra e la sua straordinaria capacità di risuonare con gli stati emotivi. Questa risonanza può aiutarci a conoscere e lavorare con quegli stati che, da un lato, minacciano di sopraffarci, mentre, allo stesso tempo, ci infondono potenzialmente la saggezza della loro terribile e stupefacente bellezza. Attingendo dall'enfasi della neuroscienza affettiva sul primato e sulla base incarnata dell'emozione, l’articolo discute come la consapevolezza enterocettiva migliori il discernimento emotivo e la coscienza del proprio modo di abitare e rispondere alla Terra, comprese le forze minacciose del cambiamento climatico.В статье исследуется способ взаимодействия с собой, другими и Землей на основе телесной аффективности. В ней рассматривается, каким образом наши эмоции составляют неотъемлемую часть природного мира и почему внимание к ним имеет значение в связи с экологическим кризисом. Признавая параллель в доминирующем отношении западной культуры к Земле и к нашему телу, автор предлагает альтернативную парадигму на примере стихотворения женщины народности дине. В стихотворении рассказывается о том, как в культуре дине чтят Землю и стремятся развивать присущие ей красоту и мудрость в теле, разуме и духе человека. В эссе вплетены образы, в которых выражена сила земли и ее удивительная способность резонировать с эмоциональными состояниями. Этот резонанс может помочь нам узнавать и работать с теми состояниями, которые, с одной стороны, угрожают захлестнуть нас и в то же время потенциально могут напитать нас мудростью своей жуткой и поразительной красоты. Опираясь на данные аффективной нейробиологии о первичности и телесной основе эмоций, в статье обсуждается то, как интероцептивная осознанность усиливает эмоциональную проницательность, а также понимание собственного способа проживания на Земле и реакций, в том числе на угрозу изменения климата.El presente trabajo explora un modo de relacionamiento con el self, con otros, y con la tierra, enraizado en una afectividad corporizada. Explora como nuestras emociones son una parte inherente de nuestro mundo natural y porqué es importante atender a esto en esta crisis medioambiental. Reconociendo el paralelismo entre las actitudes prevalentes en la cultura Occidental hacia la Tierra y hacia nuestros cuerpos, se ofrece un paradigma alternativo a través de un poema de una mujer Diné. El poema expresa como la cultura Diné honra la Tierra al buscar el cultivo de la belleza y la sabiduría intrínseca a esta, en el cuerpo, mente y espíritu del individuo. En el ensayo se entretejen imágenes que expresan el poder de la tierra y su asombrosa habilidad para resonar con los estados emocionales. Esta resonancia puede ayudarnos a conocer y a trabajar con estados, que por un lado, amenazan con abrumarnos, y al mismo tiempo, tienen el potencial de infundir en nosotros la sabiduría de su terrible y sorprendente belleza. A partir del énfasis que la neurociencia afectiva le da a la primacía y al fundamento somático de las emociones, el trabajo describe como la percepción interoceptiva enaltece el discernimiento emocional así como la consciencia del propio modo de habitar y responder a la Tierra, junto a las fuerzas amenazadoras del cambio climático.自然世界的矩阵中的心灵:编织内在和外在。 本文探讨了一种与自我、他人和根植于具身情感的土地。它探讨了我们的情感如何是自然世界的一个固有部分, 以及为什么当环境陷于危机之时, 对它们的关注很重要。文章认识到西方文化对地球和对我们的身体的普遍态度, 并通过一首迪内族妇女的诗, 来呈现一个替代的范式。这首诗表达了迪内文化如何感恩大地, 他们感恩的方式是努力在个人的身体、思想和精神中培养其固有的美和智慧。文章中交织着一些意象, 表达了土地的力量, 以及它可以与情感产生共鸣的不可思议的能力。这种共鸣可以帮助我们认识和处理这些状态, 这些状态一方面有可能压倒我们, 而同时又有可能给我们注入其可怕和惊人的美的智慧。情感神经科学强调情感的首要性和具身基础, 借此, 文章讨论了内感受意识如何可以增强情感的辨别力, 以及觉知个体如何生活在大地上, 及如何回应大地, 包括对气候变化的威胁力量的觉知。.

Avrupa Komisyonu tarafından Aralık 2019’da kabul edilen Yeşil Mutabakat’ın öncü eylemlerinden biri olan AB yeni İklim Değişikliğine Uyum Stratejisi, 24 Şubat 2021 tarihinde açıklanmıştır. Strateji, AB’nin iklim değişikliğinin etkilerine uyum sağlanması konusundaki politika belgelerinin en güncelidir. Belgenin önemi sadece iklim değişikliğine uyumun, iklimle ilişkili artan risk ve afetler karşısında acil eylem gerektiren bir konu olmasından kaynaklanmamaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra yeni Strateji kapsamında gerçekleştirilmesi planlanan eylemlerin, AB ile yakın ilişkileri olan başta Türkiye olmak üzere küresel çapta tüm ülkeler için ekonomik, sosyal ve çevresel sonuçları olmasındandır. İklim değişikliğinin kaçınılmaz etkilerine karşı dirençlilik sağlanması, etki ve etkilenebilirliğin tespit edilerek, iklim değişikliğine uyum eylemlerinin ivedilikle uygulanması; söz konusu etkilerin Türkiye’nin de içinde bulunduğu Akdeniz Havzası gibi kırılgan bölgeler başta olmak üzere, tüm dünyada daha olumsuz sonuçlar ortaya çıkarmasının ön görüldüğü koşullarda sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın ve ulusal güvenliğin sağlanması bağlamlarında her zamankinden önemli hale gelmiştir. Uyum politikalarının geliştirilmesine diğer ülkelerden erken bir tarihte başlamış olan AB’nin söz konusu süreçlerinin gelişiminin, bu kapsamda karşılaştığı sorunların ve uyum politikalarında geldiği güncel durumunun analiz edilmesi; aynı zamanda AB’ye üyelik hedefi bulunan Türkiye’de iklim değişikliğine uyum politikalarının geliştirilmesi bağlamında yararlanılabilecek bir örnek olması bakımından önemlidir. Bu doğrultuda bu çalışmanın amacı, AB’nin iklim değişikliğine uyum politikalarının gelişiminin, Yeşil Kitap (2007), Beyaz Kitap (2009), 2013 yılında açıklanan ve 2018’de gözden geçirilen AB İklim Değişikliğine Uyum Stratejisi ve 2021 yılında açıklanan yeni İklim Değişikliğine Uyum Stratejisi bağlamında incelenmesi ve AB’nin güncel uyum politikalarının Türkiye açısından değerlendirilmesidir. Çalışmada Yeşil Mutabakat ve yeni Uyum Stratejisi kapsamında politikalar geliştirilmesinin, Türkiye açısından toplam ihracatının yaklaşık yarısını gerçekleştirdiği AB ile ticari ilişkileri sürdürmede ve ilerleyen süreçte AB tarafından iklim değişikliğine uyum alanında kapasite geliştirme, teknoloji ve finansman konularında kurulacağı taahhüt edilen ikili iş birlikleri bağlamlarında önemli bir gereklilik olduğu sonucu elde edilmiştir., The EU new Climate Change Adaptation Strategy, one of the priority actions within the scope of the Green Deal, was announced on February 24, 2021. The strategy is very important as the most up-to-date of the EU's policy documents on climate adaptation. The importance of document is not only because climate adaptation is an issue that requires urgent action. Also, actions planned under Strategy have economic, social and environmental consequences for countries, especially Turkey, has relations with EU. Ensuring resilience against the inevitable effects of climate change has become more important for ensuring sustainable development and national security especially in vulnerable regions such as the Mediterranean Basin, where Turkey is located. The EU started the process of developing adaptation policies at an early date. Analyzing these processes in EU is an important example that can be used in the context of policies in Turkey, which also has the goal of the EU membership. This study aims to evaluate the evolution of the EU's climate adaptation policies in the context of Green Paper (2007), White Paper (2009), Climate Change Adaptation Strategy (2013, 2018) and new Climate Change Adaptation Strategy (2021), and to assest the importance of the EU's current climate change policies for Turkey. In the study, it was concluded that the development of policies in the context of the Green Deal and the new Adaptation Strategy is an important requirement for Turkey to maintain commercial relations with EU and to develop cooperation with the EU in climate change adaptation area.

To clarify the current situation, hotspots, and development trends, in the field of rice and climate change topic research, a massive literature dataset were analysed from the Web of Science database by bibliometric method. The research theme was chosen given the continuous increase of studies related to climatic changes and their consequences to rice. Based on the Web of Science core database, this study analyzed 3377 papers in the field of rice and climate change topic research from 1990 to 2021, which include 67 highly cited papers. Papers were mainly written in English (3,366, 99.674 %), from 12,655 authors, 3,259 organizations and 113 countries/territories, published in 761 journals and seven book series. The top five Journals are Science of the Total Environment (97, 2.872 %), Climatic Change (71, 2.102 %), Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (66, 1.954 %), Global Change Biology (65, 1.925 %) and Sustainability (64, 1.895 %), each published more than 64 papers. Top five countries and regions were Peoples R China, USA, India, Australia and Japan. Top five organizations of Chinese Acad Sci, Nanjing Agr Univ, Int Rice Res Inst (IRRI), Chinese Acad Agr Sci, and Univ Chinese Acad Sci were popular based on contribution of articles more than 116 papers each. Among the all authors, top five authors were Tao Fulu, Pan Genxing, Zhang Zhao, Hasegawa Toshihiro, Jagadish Krishna S.V., each published more than thirty papers. All keywords were separated seven clusters for different research topic. Visualizations offer exploratory information on the current state in a scientific field or discipline as well as indicate possible developments in the future. The results will help researchers clarify the current situation in rice and climate change adaptation science but also provide guidance for future research. This work is also useful for student identifying graduate schools and researchers selecting journals.

Background Climate change constitutes a complex challenge posing an urgent threat to our planet and life and creating an entirely different way of conceptualising the world and our chances to provide safe food within it. There are currently numerous studies dealing with the potential effect of increased temperature, extreme weather events and cascading events on food safety and subsequently human health. In contrast to food safety, the available data on the impact of climate change on food quality, including food spoilage, are very limited. Scope and approach This paper presents an overview of the potential impact of climate change on both food safety and microbial spoilage at various stages of the food chain. Among the different hazards related to climate change, mycotoxin and marine biotoxin contamination, environmental residuals derived from various anthropogenic activities and zoonosis diseases are identified as climatic-driven emerging risks to human life and discussed further in this paper. Global warming is projected to affect all microorganisms, including spoilage bacteria and fungi. Hence, this paper also discusses the potential increased risk of microbial spoilage for bulk dried foods and non-refrigerated processed foods which could be high susceptible to climate change in relation to growth of spoilage organisms. Key-findings and conclusions The paper concludes that climate change requires multidisciplinary approaches to gain in-depth knowledge and identify potential emerging risks. In addition, this paper goes beyond food safety and addresses an overlooked aspect of climate change, namely the microbiological spoilage of foods that may require a high level of preparedness by both the food industry and policy makers.

The 22nd International Conference on Aquatic Invasive Species (ICAIS) was held as a hybrid event in Oostende, Belgium from 18–22 April 2022. The conference addressed the theme of "Global Climate Change Amplifies Aquatic Invasive Species Impacts" and aimed to expand knowledge on the latest science and policy, inspire cooperation and collaboration on research and management projects at a global scale. Seven renowned international scientists provided keynote presentations on perspectives of climate change within their respective areas of expertise. This special issue of Aquatic Invasions presents nine academic papers addressing a range of aquatic invasive species issues including predation, life history dynamics, ecosystem impacts, and physiological tolerances. The papers highlight the need for regional, national, and international cooperation, collaboration on research and management projects, and targeted, specific, and actionable outreach to combat the growing threat posed by aquatic invasive species.

This dataset contains the scripts and data used for the paper "Double stress of waterlogging and drought drives forest–savanna coexistence", PNAS (2023). The work represents a collaborative effort fromthe Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Rutgers University, the Department of Physics and Graduate Program in Ecology at the Federal University of Santa Catarina, the Department of Plant Biology at the University of Campinas, the Non-Linear Physics Group at the University of Santiago de Compostela, and the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Michigan State University. The dataset includes the raw data files for analyses.Scripts to analyze and plot the data are available onhttps://github.com/caiomattos/doublestress. Please refer to the paper for a complete description of the methods and results associated with this dataset. If the data presented here is central to your results, please consider inviting the data creators for a possible co-authorship.

The Earth is warming due to the burning of fossil fuels, leading to a growing interest in renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower. Hydropower plays a vital role in meeting global carbon mitigation targets, especially in the Mid-Columbia (Mid-C) energy market in the Pacific Northwest (PNW), where it currently comprises 50-65% of generation. However, with other renewable energy sources expanding, such as solar power in California (CA), hydropower operations at plants within the connected Mid-C market need to be modified to balance the more intermittent supply from renewables in CA. Our technical project aims to redesign hydropower operations in the Columbia River Basin (CRB) of the PNW to achieve a 95% renewable energy power grid in CA and the PNW by 2035, balancing objectives such as minimizing environmental spill violations, maximizing hydropower production, maximizing flood protection, and maximizing economic benefits through multi-objective optimization. The Columbia River Basin, which spans over an area of 260,000 square miles, is a significant watershed in the United States that is solely dedicated to the Columbia River. It serves as the drainage system for numerous rivers, creeks, and streams. In the 1930s, the federal government began constructing dams along this river for various purposes such as preventing floods, generating hydroelectric power, supplying water for irrigation, creating locks for navigation of boats and barges, and developing recreational areas. However, the hydropower operations and the construction of dams in the Columbia River Basin have resulted in significant environmental and social impacts, including the reduction of accessibility to salmon populations and disruption to the way of life of Indigenous populations who have relied on these lands, the Columbia River, and the salmon for centuries. The government has implicitly relied on technological determinism, sacrificing the humanitarian rights of Native Americans for the sake of hydropower advancement, while simultaneously achieving progress on their economic and environmental objectives for the larger American population who rely on the dams and the power grid. My STS research seeks to draw upon hydropower legislation and policy analyses in a global context to argue for successful approaches and frameworks for hydropower policy going forward in the California River Basin that ensure the rights and survival of Native American tribes in the region. A multi-stakeholder process in the context of hydropower in California could provide a valuable precedent for addressing the needs of multiple social groups and constituents in the future. Both projects enable me to explore how the United States can make systemic changes, motivated by the current state of the hydropower and energy sector, to balance multiple competing interests and stakeholders in the Columbia River Basin. For our technical project, we focused on adapting hydropower operations to support renewable energy transitions and freshwater sustainability in the Columbia River Basin. Achieving net-zero energy sector emissions requires rapid adoption of renewable alternatives to existing high-emissions infrastructure. The on-demand energy from hydropower uniquely facilitates the transition to renewable energy by meeting demands not met by weather-dependent energy sources like wind and solar. Because there are conflicting tradeoffs in hydropower operating policies, it was necessary for us to perform a multi-objective optimization after we had simulated the operations of reservoirs in the Columbia River Basin which serve as the supply of water for hydropower in the region. Our case study focused on designing operations at four reservoirs in the Columbia River Basin to balance environmental and economic objectives under potential future energy and climate conditions. These reservoirs included Hungry Horse, Libby, Dworshak, and Grand Coulee. Our objectives were to minimize environmental spill violations, minimize peak flood height, minimize flood frequency, maximize hydropower production, and maximize Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) revenue. We performed multi-objective optimization to design alternative reservoir operating rules that balance these conflicting objectives. We made use of two computational models – a power systems model for generating electricity prices from synthetic weather data to represent regional wind, solar, and hydropower capacities and a reservoir optimization model for generating optimal policies that balance the objectives. These models are coupled through the objective of maximizing the BPA revenue in our reservoir optimization, since calculating that revenue requires the electricity prices in the region. Our optimization model yielded nineteen non-dominated reservoir operating policies that dictate when to release water using parameters such as the previous day’s inflow and the storage of the reservoir. To evaluate the robustness of these policies and account for uncertainty, we simulated the outputted policies over four climate change scenarios and an energy scenario inspired by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s (NREL) Mid-Case with 95% Renewables by 2035. The climate change scenarios we used were futures that are dry with high warming, dry with low warming, wet with high warming, and wet with low warming. Furthermore, the energy scenario we selected describes the projected distribution of energy across renewable sources for the years 2025, 2030, and 2035. In the end, we selected one optimal policy out of the nineteen which had the least significant tradeoff between the objectives. It effectively maximized hydropower output and BPA revenue, while minimizing spills, flood height, and flood risk. In this policy, the Dworshak reservoir is used for flood protection and all policies chose to keep Grand Coulee reservoir full to maximize hydropower production. Thus, through multi-objective optimization and scenario analysis, we were able to find alternative reservoir operations for the Columbia River Basin that balance all the system objectives and are robust to uncertainty. Future work should explore how uncertainties in energy and climate interact rather than their independent influences and optimize policies across these possible futures to improve performance. For my STS project, I focused on developing potential public policy to uplift Native American tribes affected by hydropower in the Columbia River Basin. The ongoing operations of dams in the Columbia River Basin have negatively impacted salmon populations, disrupting the traditional way of life and culture of Indigenous populations who rely on salmon as a staple food and cultural symbol. The construction of these dams between the 1930s and 1980s also resulted in the displacement and loss of Native American territory, leaving tribes living in federally assigned settlements with unsafe living conditions. The heavy use of the Columbia River has caused significant declines in water quality and threatens the survival of species like salmon. The negative impacts have disproportionately affected Indigenous tribes in the region, including the Nez Perce, Warm Springs, Yakama, and Umatilla tribes who settled with the federal government for their lost sites. Notable legislation that has been enacted thus far to address the environmental disruptions to salmon populations and displacement of Native Americans include the Northwest Power Act of 1980, the Columbia Basin Water Transactions Program of 2002, the Army Corps of Engineers’ development of more permanent housing for Native Americans under the Obama Administration in 2016, the Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act of 2016, and the Biden-Harris Administration’s ongoing litigation with Indigenous tribes in the Columbia River Basin regarding salmon populations. Members of Congress and the US Department of Energy admit that inefficiencies in hydropower licensing processes are causing higher development costs and longer timelines which reduce the flexibility of the government to perform stakeholder analyses. Thus, the effects of hydropower operations on fisheries, recreation, and tribal and public lands are not being considered by the federal government. A framework I discovered in the academic literature on hydropower policy both domestically and internationally that can be applied to the case of Native Americans in the Columbia River Basin is the political ecology framework. In the paper—"Discussing Large Dams in Asia After the World Commission on Dams: Is a Political Ecology Approach the Way Forward?"—the authors present this framework which is characterized by the following: the framework examines the effects of large dams as well as the causes (economic and political motivations), it requires that ecological structures and functions be coupled with social, political, cultural, and economic influences, and it incorporates an actor-oriented model to look at environmental change and land-use conflicts that are occurring within politicized environments. In their paper, they analyze the case of the Bhakra Dam in India using this framework and comment on the social, political, and economic motivations behind the dam that are not immediately evident. An important similarity between the Bhakra Dam case and the Columbia River Basin case is the issue of arbitrary demarcations of land. The Bhakra Dam was built by India in a disputed territory with Pakistan called Punjab. Furthermore, India hindered Pakistan’s use of the Sutlej river which ran through both countries to construct the dam. In the Columbia River Basin case, Native Americans do not own the land they reside on—rather it is held ‘in trust’ by the federal government making it an arbitrary demarcation. Therefore, I pose two potential solutions using the framework of political ecology in the Columbia River Basin case—award property rights to Native Americans and design new licensing processes for hydropower. By giving Native Americans property rights, they have equity in the land and can therefore reap monetary benefits and power by selling it or cultivating the natural resources on it. With their own source of money, they can take charge over environmental restoration and uplifting the Native American community alongside the federal government instead of being dependent on the government for change to occur. By designing new licensing processes for hydropower, this enables the federal government to place reasonable conditions on hydropower licenses and protect tribal and public lands, safeguard water quality, and fishery resources.

Introduction:Global climate change (global warming) has been identified as the primary factor responsible for the observed increase in frequency and severity of wildfires (also known as bushfires in some countries) throughout the majority of the world’s vegetated environments. This trend is predicted to continue, causing significant adverse health effects to nearby residential populations and placing a potential strain on local emergency departments (EDs).Study Objective:The aim of this literature review was to identify papers relating to wildfires and their impact on EDs, specifically patient presentation characteristics, resource utilization, and patient outcomes.Method:This integrative literature review was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines for data collection, and Whittemore and Knafl’s framework for data analysis. Data were collected from OvidSP, MEDLINE, DARE, CINAHL, PubMed, and Scopus databases. Various Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and keywords identified papers relevant to wildfires/bushfires and EDs.Results:Literature regarding the relationship between ED presentations and wildfire events, however, is primarily limited to studies from the United States and Australia and indicates particulate matter (PM) is principally linked to adverse respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes. Observable trends in the literature principally included a significant increase in respiratory presentations, primarily with a lag of one to two days from the initial event. Respiratory and cardiovascular studies that stratified results by age indicated individuals under five, over 65, or those with pre-existing conditions formed the majority of ED presentations.Conclusion:Key learnings from this review included the need for effective and targeted community advisory programs/procedures, prior to and during wildfire events, as well as pre-event planning, development, and robust resilience strategies for EDs.

The climate and ecological crisis will constitute the defining public health challenge of the twenty-first century, posing an unprecedented global threat to all determinants of health, and to healthcare delivery systems. We believe that mental health professionals have a crucial role to play in responding to this crisis. Whilst responding to the mental health consequences of the climate crisis will remain a key role for us as mental health professionals, we argue that our remit goes beyond this, and should include advancing public understanding of the climate crisis, highlighting its impact on physical and mental wellbeing, and advocating for systemic changes to limit its impending harms. This paper is an urgent call to action for all mental health professionals to take up a role in the context of the climate and ecological crisis. This paper will describe the relationship between mental health and climate change, and frame it within wider systemic and conceptual frameworks. It will demonstrate that as mental health professionals we are well placed to act as leaders of change-arguing that we have a duty to do so-and suggest actions that can be implemented depending on interests, skill sets and opportunities.

Some of the world’s biggest countries have areas covered by permafrost, among them Russia, the United States, Canada and China. Permafrost, the soil that was once considered permanently frozen, has been thawing fast while releasing carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere. This paper explains what permafrost is and analyses the impact of its subsidence. Official reports from governments and prestigious international organisations were examined along with resources from scientific journals. Notably global warming is amplified, economy is at risk by infrastructure failure and human health is endangered by the hidden diseases inside permafrost. Furthermore, this paper, apart from identifying the significance of the problem, provides possible solutions to counter permafrost thawing and ensure the safety of the people. Suggestions are being proposed, among them, the establishment and funding of permafrost scientific networks and permafrost insurance for the directly affected people.

Among Asian countries, India has a vast potential to adopt a public bicycle-sharing system (PBSS) as a sustainable mode of transport after China. However, various barriers pose as hindrances in the implementation of PBSS in Indian urban areas. The primary objective of this paper is to identify and prioritise PBSS barriers, which inhibit the implementation of PBSS. For this study, a total of 31 barriers out of 41 reported barriers worldwide are shortlisted and ranked using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. A group of experts assisted in ranking the barriers by using a pair-wise comparison survey. The main contribution of this paper is to identify critical barriers and to rank them according to the Indian scenario. These findings can help practitioners, municipal engineers, urban planners and decision makers to formulate PBSS planning policy, which will overcome the PBSS implementation issues.

The variability and dynamics of the Asian monsoon (AM, hereafter indicates both of the summer and winter monsoons.) at orbital and millennial timescales has attracted wide interest. Chinese loess deposits, covering an area of ~500 × 103 km2 and with a thickness of several tens to more than three hundred meters, is an ideal continental archive to reconstruct AM variations during the Quaternary epoch. Over the past thirty years, since the earliest paper published in an international journal that linked the Asian monsoon and Chinese loess deposits, many studies have been undertaken focusing on this research topic. These results have greatly deepened our understanding of the variations of the AM climate and their driving mechanisms during the past ~2.6 Myr. In this paper, we emphasize recent progress on the AM variability and dynamics revealed by Chinese loess records; in particular, we discuss the reliability and precision of the timescale and the monsoon proxy indicators for the loess-paleosol sequences, which are two fundamental aspects for understanding AM behavior. We analyze what we know and discuss what we do not know about the AM. We refine the timescale for the typical loess-paleosol sequence in the central Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP), which can be used as a new timescale to study palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironmental changes in the monsoonal Asia. We conclude that low-latitude insolation changes induced by precession, and global ice volume, temperature at high-latitudes, as well as sea-level changes forced variations of the AM at orbital time scales. High-latitude cooling events and low-latitude hydroclimate process at millennial time scales, such as climate changes associated with Heinrich events and Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles in Northern Atlantic and Greenland, have also modulated AM variability. We suggest that high-latitude forcing of AM variations occurs through ocean and atmospheric circulation linkages, although the roles of atmospheric CO2, ocean and vegetation feedbacks need further investigation. In future study, high-resolution independent dating, novel proxy indices and transient numerical simulations are still basic tools to understand the loess deposition and AM variations that require considerably more work. Issues such as reliable spatial comparison and regional linkages of records (dependent on precise and accurate numerical chronologies), and quantitative reconstruction of the AM variations, should be given priority in the study the past climate change in Asia, and low-latitude hydroclimate process.

GENERAL INFORMATION -------------------------------------------- 1. Title of Dataset: Data and code for: Plastic responses to warmer climates: a semi-natural experiment on lizard populations, Bestion et al 2023, Evolution doi: 10.1093/evolut/qpad070 2. Author Information A. First Author Contact Information Name: Elvire Bestion Institution: Station d’Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, UAR 2029 Address: 2 route du CNRS, 09200 Moulis, France Email: elvire.bestion@sete.cnrs.fr B. Last Author Contact Information Name: Julien Cote Institution: Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, UMR 5174 Address: 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France Email: julien.cote@univ-tlse3.fr 3. Abstract: Facing warming environments, species can exhibit plastic or microevolutionary changes in their thermal physiology to adapt to novel climates. Here, using semi-natural mesocosms, we experimentally investigated over two successive years whether a 2°C-warmer climate produces selective and inter- and intragenerational plastic changes in the thermal traits (preferred temperature and dorsal colouration) of the lizard Zootoca vivipara. In a warmer climate, the dorsal darkness, dorsal contrast and preferred temperature of adults plastically decreased and covariances between these traits were disrupted. While selection gradients were overall weak, selection gradients for darkness were slightly different between climates and in the opposite direction to plastic changes. Contrary to adults, male juveniles were darker in warmer climates either through plasticity or selection and this effect was strengthened by intergenerational plasticity when juveniles’ mothers also experienced warmer climates. While the plastic changes in adult thermal traits alleviate the immediate overheating costs of warming, its opposite direction to selective gradients and to juveniles’ phenotypic responses may slow down evolutionary shifts towards phenotypes that are better adapted to future climates. Our study demonstrates the importance of considering inter- and intragenerational plasticity along with selective processes to better understand adaptation and population dynamics in light of climate change. 4. Keywords: climate change, ectotherm, lizard, phenotypic plasticity, natural selection, intergenerational plasticity, thermal physiology 5. Date of data collection: May 2012 to May 2014 for the main dataset, and May 2013 to May 2015 for the side-experiment on maternal effects 6. Geographic location of data collection: Station of Theoretical and Experimental Ecology, Ariège, France, 43°01' N, 1°05' E 7. Taxon/species from which data was collected: Common lizards (Zootoca vivipara, Jacquin 1787) SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION --------------------------------------------------- 1. Licenses/restrictions placed on the data: The data is usable under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence but we would appreciate if we were contacted prior to meaningful use, and this dataset and the matching paper cited if appropriate. 2. Links to publications that cite or use the data: This dataset corresponds to the data used in: Bestion E, San-Jose LM, Di Gesu L, Richard M, Sinervo B, Côte J, Calvez O, Guillaume O, & Cote J. 2023. Plastic responses to warmer climates: a semi-natural experiment on lizard populations. Evolution, doi: 10.1093/evolut/qpad070 3. Links to other publicly accessible locations of the data: The data can be found on zenodo at doi:10.5281/zenodo.7845944 4. Was data derived from another source? NO 5. Recommended citation for this dataset: Bestion et al, 2023. Data and code from: Plastic responses to warmer climates: a semi-natural experiment on lizard populations. Evolution, Zenodo doi: 10.5281/zenodo.7845944 DATA & FILE OVERVIEW ------------------------------------- The data is composed of a zip file containing: * The present README.txt file * Nine R files used to run the analyses: # 0_important_functions.R --> functions used in the main analysis scripts # 1_climate_impact_on_phenotype_at_tp1.R --> the 1st part of the main R script. The script calls to the 0_important_functions.R for functions, uses data in the /data folder, outputs diagnostic plots and info in the /interm folder, outputs means and SEM for figures to the /figure_values folders. This first part of the analysis script tests for the impacts of climate warming on thermal phenotype at t+1 in the juveniles and adults from the main 2012-2013 experiment. # 2_plasticity.R --> The 2nd part of the main script, to be run after #1 script. This part of the analysis tests for plastic effects of climate warming on phenotype in juveniles and adults from the main 2012-2013 experiment. # 3_selection.R --> The 3rd part of the main script, to be run after #2 script. This part of the analysis tests for differential selection in phenotypic traits depending on climate in juveniles and adults from the main 2012-2013 experiment. # 4_heritability.R --> The 4th part of the main script, to be run after #3 script. This part of the analysis tests heritability of phenotypic traits in juveniles from the main 2012-2013 experiment. # 5_SEM.R --> The 5th part of the main script, to be run after #4 script. This part of the analysis tests for the impact of climate warming on thermal syndromes, i.e. covariation between thermal traits in juveniles and adults from the main 2012-2013 experiment. # 6_maternal_effects.R --> The 6th part of the main script, to be run after #5 script. This part of the analysis uses the data from juveniles in 2013 issued from surviving mothers from the 2012 experiment, supplemented with a side experiment in 2014 on the juveniles issued from surviving mothers from the 2013 experiment, to test for the impact of climate warming on intergenerational plasticity of thermal traits. # 7_checking_models_with_deltaAIC_4.R --> The 7th part of the main script, to be run after #6 script. This part checks for the of the analysis tests for the impact of climate warming on thermal syndromes, i.e. covariation between thermal traits in juveniles and adults from the main 2012-2013 experiment. # 8_exporting_tables_to_word.R --> The 8th part of the main script, to be run after all scripts. This part creates the composite figures and outputs them and the tables to the /out folder. * A /data folder with 3 datasets: # data/Bestion_adults.csv --> dataset for adults and yearlings from the main 2012-2013 experiment, to test the impacts of climate warming on phenotype at t+1, selection and plasticity on the traits. # data/Bestion_adults.csv --> dataset for juveniles from the main 2012-2013 experiment, to test the impacts of climate warming on phenotype at t+1, selection and plasticity on the traits, and heritability of the traits. # data/Bestion_juveniles_for_maternal_effects.csv --> dataset including juveniles in 2013 born from the mothers surviving the 2012 experiment, and including juveniles in a side-experiment in 2014 that were born from the mothers surviving the 2013 experiment, to test the impact of intergenerational plasticity. * An /interm folder with : # interm/R_session_info_2023-03-29.txt --> the session information about the R version and R packages used when running the R code # note that while running the R code, other data will be saved to the /interm folder (e.g. heritability models, diagnostic plots about all models, …). Only the files that cannot be reproduced by the R code alone such as the session info were kept in the folder for facility of use. * An empty /figure_values folder. While running the R code, data with the means and SEM of the traits by climates will be saved to the folder, to easily reproduce figures and get summarised data for meta-analyses. * An /out folder with the figures and tables resulting from the analysis and found in the main paper and the supplementary data: # out/Figure_2_traits_adults_tp1.png --> the figure 2 # out/Figure_3_plasticity_selection_adults.png--> the figure 3 # out/Figure_4_maternal_effects_juveniles.png --> the figure 4 # out/Figure_SB1_traits_juveniles_tp1.png --> the figure SB1 # out/Figure_SC1_selection_juveniles.png--> the figure SC1 # out/Figure_SD1_plasticity_juveniles.png--> the figure SD1 # out/Figure_SD2_impacts_of_plasticity_on_survival_adults.png--> the figure SD2 # out/Appendix B - Impact of climatic treatment on phenotype at tp1.docx --> The tables SB1 to SB4 from the appendix B, as well as information about the models from the tables to add to the legends of the tables (e.g. N, R²m and R²c, SD explained by random components, variance inflation factors for the variables in the models). # out/Appendix C - Selective processes.docx --> The tables SC1 to SC3 from the appendix C, as well as information about the models from the tables to add to the legends of the tables. # out/Appendix D - Trait plasticity.docx --> The tables SD1 to SD3 from the appendix D, as well as information about the models from the tables to add to the legends of the tables. # out/Appendix E - Heritability of phenotypic traits.docx -->The table SE1 from the appendix E. # out/Appendix F - Maternal effects.docx --> The table SF1 from the appendix F, as well as information about the models from the table to add to the legend of the table. # out/Appendix G - Robustness of statistical results.docx --> The tables SG1 to SG4 from the appendix G, as well as information about the models from the tables to add to the legends of the tables. METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION -------------------------------------------------- 1. Description of methods used for collection/generation of data: A detailed explanation of the methods is provided in the related Bestion et al 2023 Evolution article, please refer to it for a full understanding of the methods and results. Briefly: Our aim was to study experimentally whether climate warming affected the thermal phenotype (i.e. preferred temperature, dorsal darkness, dorsal contrast) of a lizard through selection, intra-generational and inter-generational plasticity. Between May 2012 and May 2014, we performed two one-year experiments inside of the Metatron (Legrand et al. 2012, Nature Methods), a system of forty-eight 10 x 10 m semi-natural mesocosms. Over the two years of experiment, we created 16 populations in 16 mesocosms, and simulated present-day and +2°C warmer climatic conditions through the use of automatic shutters. Every year, mid-May, we captured all surviving lizards from the mesocosms. We measured them for body size, a tail tip was taken for paternity analysis, and a dorsal picture was taken to measure dorsal darkness and dorsal contrast. We assessed lizard preferred temperature in a thermal gradient. Female gave birth inside of the terraria, and juveniles were also genotyped for paternity analysis, measured for body size, and their preferred temperature was assessed. In June-July, lizards were released into the mesocosms to form 16 populations released into 3 mesocosms per climate (i.e. 6 mesocosms) in 2012, and 5 mesocosms per climate (i.e. 10 mesocosms) in 2013. . Each mesocosm contained 11 ± 1 two-or-more-year-old (2+yo) females, 6 ± 1 (2+yo) males, 9 ± 2 one-year-olds (1yo) and 37 ± 4 juveniles ( The data from the two years of experiment allowed to test 4 main questions: 1) What is the impact of a warmer climate on lizard thermal phenotype (studying traits at t+1 on survivors) and thermal syndromes between traits, 2) Is the impact due to plasticity (effect of climate on traits at t and t+1), 3) Is the impact due to selection (impacts of traits at t on survival at t+1), 4) Are the traits heritable? Further, the data from the 2013 experiment on juveniles, together with data from a side-experiment in 2014 also on juveniles maintained in the Metatron in the two climate treatments, allowed to test a 5th question: 5) what is the impact of inter- and intra-generational plasticity on thermal traits? 2. Instrument- or software-specific information needed to interpret the data: To reproduce the analyses, the data should be read in R with the provided R scripts. The R version and the version of the packages used to reproduce the data are found in the interm/ R_session_info_2023-03-29.txt file. 3. Environmental/experimental conditions: The experiment was done in 10 x 10 m semi-natural mesocosms, in which lizards were maintained for one year at a time. Two climatic treatments were applied to the mesocosms, a present-day climate and a +2°C warmer climate. 4. People involved with sample collection, processing, analysis and/or submission: Elvire Bestion and Julien Cote designed the study, Elvire Bestion, Lucie Di Gesu, Olivier Calvez, Olivier Guillaume and Julien Cote performed the experiment, Murielle Richard performed the extractions, the polymerase chain reaction and analysed the paternity data. Barry Sinervo, Jessica Côte and Luis M. San Jose provided assistance with the animal models. Elvire Bestion and Julien Cote analysed and interpreted the data. Elvire Bestion and Julien Cote wrote the first draft and Luis M. San Jose, Barry Sinervo, Murielle Richard and Jessica Côte significantly contributed to redrafting. 5. Ethics statement: Experiments followed French ethics regulations and CNRS institutional ethics guidelines. We applied the 3R rule by reducing the number of lizards to the minimum to form enough populations and providing care appropriate to the species. Lizards were captured from the wild according to the capture licence number 2010-189-16 DREAL and transferred to the laboratory (laboratory use of animals: agreement B09583). Experiments were started before the need of obtaining a permit following French law (article R.214-113, ordonnance 2012-10, décret 2013-118, arrêtés 1er février 2013, transposing EU directive 2010/63/UE), however we then obtained a permit for further experiments following the same procedure (permits number APAFIS#15897-2018070615164391 v3 and APAFIS#19523-201902281559649 v3 obtained from the ethics comity n°068). DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION ----------------------------------------------- DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Bestion_adults.csv ----------------------------------------------- 1. Number of variables: 20 2. Number of cases/rows: 380 3. Variable List: Year: year of the experiment (2012 or 2013) Code: code of the individual (identification) Age_t: age of the individual at the time of the start of the experiment, as a class (A: adult: 2+ year-old, Y: yearling: 1 year-old) Sex: sex of the individual, M or F Body_size_t: body size at the start of the experiment, snout-vent length in mm Tpref_t: preferred temperature at the start of the experiment, in °C Dorsal_darkness_t: mean dorsal darkness at the start of the experiment, mean percentage of black pixels between the median part and the flanks Dorsal_contrast_t: dorsal contrast at the start of the experiment, as absoltue darkness difference between the flanks and median parts divided by median darkness Darkness_median_part_t: dorsal darkness in the median part of the lizard body at the start of the experiment, percentage of black pixels in transformed pictures Darkness_flanks_t: dorsal darkness in the flanks of the lizard at the start of the experiment, percentage of black pixels in transformed pictures Climate_Intro: Climatic treatment inside of the mesocosm, either warm or present Mesocosm_Intro: mesocosm number (identification) Population_Intro: composite identification number composed of the mesocosm number and the year (identification) Survival: survival after one year of experiment inside of the mesocosms, 1= survived or 0 = dead Body_size_tp1: body size at the end of the experiment on survivors, snout-vent length in mm Tpref_tp1: preferred temperature at the start of the experiment, in °C Dorsal_darkness_tp1: mean dorsal darkness at the end of the experiment on survivors, mean percentage of black pixels between the median part and the flanks Dorsal_contrast_tp1: dorsal contrast at the end of the experiment on survivors, as absolute darkness difference between the flanks and median parts divided by median darkness Darkness_median_part_tp1: dorsal darkness in the median part of the lizard at the end of the experiment on survivors, percentage of black pixels in transformed pictures Darkness_flanks_tp1: dorsal darkness in the flanks of the lizard at the end of the experiment on survivors, percentage of black pixels in transformed pictures 4. Missing data codes: NA (for traits at t+1 of individuals that did not survive to t+1, and rare missing measurements at t or t+1) DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Bestion_juveniles.csv ----------------------------------------------- 1. Number of variables: 19 2. Number of cases/rows: 536 3. Variable List: Year: year of the experiment (2012 or 2013) Code: code of the individual (identification) Code_Mother: code of the mother of the individual (identification) Code_Father: code of the father of the individual (identification) Age_t

Peer reviewed: True, There is great uncertainty about the future effects of climate change on the global economic, social, environmental, and water sectors. This paper focuses on watershed vulnerabilities to climate change by coupling a distributed hydrological model with artificial neural networks and spatially distributed indicators for the use of a predictive model of such vulnerability. The analyses are complemented by a Monte Carlo evaluation of the uncertainty associated with the projections of the global circulation models, including how such uncertainty impacts the vulnerability forecast. To test the proposal, the paper uses current and future vulnerabilities of the Turbio River watershed, located in the semi-arid zone of Guanajuato (Mexico). The results show that nearly 50% of the watershed currently has medium and high vulnerabilities, and only the natural areas in the watershed show low vulnerabilities. In the future, an increase from medium to high vulnerability is expected to occur in urban and agricultural areas of the basin, with an associated uncertainty of ±15 mm in the projected precipitation.

It is commonly accepted that water insecurity, accelerated by climate change, is experienced by women in gender specific ways. Using a rapid review methodology this paper evaluates existing literature (2014–2021) on climate change adaptation in relation to water (SDG6) and gender (SDG5) in urban and peri-urban contexts. By analyzing water, gender, and adaptation literature a thematic mapping of SDG5 was done on the resulting 34 documents. Despite methodological limitations–time constraints, exclusion of gender-sustainable development literature, and narrow inclusion criteria–this paper finds a paucity of research in this space during the time period under study. Most literature focuses on low- and middle-income countries, primarily Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, to the exclusion of South America. Notably, evidence demonstrating interlinkages between SDG5 and climate change adaptations in the WaSH sector and gender sensitive dissemination of disaster warnings is lacking. Adaptation strategies resulting in negative impacts on women undermine SDG5 and maladaptive behaviours related to management of domestic water supply and disaster-risks are particularly concerning in this context. Subsequently, this paper establishes the need for practical research assessing the gendered dimensions of all adaptations, including research demonstrating interlinkages between adaptations, women-specific benefits, and strengthened legislation to promote gender equality and empowerment.

In recent years, the proliferation of Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms (CyanoHABs) has increased with water eutrophication and climate change, impairing human health and the environment in relation to water supply. In drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs), the bio-coagulation based on natural coagulants has been studied as an eco-friendly alternative technology to conventional coagulants for both turbidity and CyanoHABs removal. Plant-based coagulants have demonstrated their coagulation efficiency in turbidity removal, as reported in several papers but its ability in cyanobacterial removal is still limited. This paper mainly reviewed the application of plant-based coagulants in DWTPs, with focus on turbidity removal, including cyanobacterial cells. The future potential uses of these green coagulants to reduce noxious effects of cyanobacterial proliferation are presented. Green coagulants advantages and limitations in DWTPs are reviewed and discussed summarizing more than 10 years of knowledge.

The climate crisis is urging us to act fast. Buildings are a key leverage point in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but the embodied emissions related to their construction often remain the hidden challenge of any ambitious policy. Therefore, in this paper, we explored material GHG neutralization where herbaceous biobased insulation materials with negative net-global warming potentials (GWPs) were used to compensate for building elements that necessarily release GHGs. Different material diets, as well as different building typologies, were modeled to assess the consequences in terms of biobased insulation requirements to reach climate neutrality. Our results show that climate-neutral construction can be built with sufficient energy performance to fulfill current standards and with building component thicknesses within a range of 1.05–0.58 m when timber- and bamboo-based construction is chosen. Concrete-based ones require insulation sizes that are too large and heavy to be supported by the dimensioned structures or accepted by urban regulations. Moreover, a time horizon of 20 years is more appropriate for assessing the contribution of material shifts to biobased materials in the transition period before 2050. This paper demonstrates that this is technically feasible and that climate neutrality in the construction sector just depends on the future that we choose., Environmental Science & Technology, 56 (8), ISSN:0013-936X, ISSN:1520-5851

Monthly rainfall data for Blue Nile Basin (BNB) were obtained from the Ethiopian Meteorological Authority (1950–2018). Long-term trends in the BNB annual and monthly rainfall are investigated in this study. The challenges of the paper were to explore the impact of climate change on the study area using sound practical methods. The paper used the widely used statistical methods to find precisely the significance of the impact of climate change rainfall variability and distribution both spatially and temporally in the BNB. The statistical significance of the trend in the study is calculated by the Mann-Kendall (MK) test. Data were analyzed using the coefficient of variation, anomaly index, and precipitation concentration index. The coefficient of variation is high in Kiremt rainfall which implies more inter-annual variability of Bega rainfall than Kiremt (Coefficient of Variation (CV): Bega˃ Belg˃ Kiremt season). Based on Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI) value, the number of moderate concentration years (89.9%) has been increasing through time and the study area has encountered successive years of drought. The results showed that the annual, Bega, Belg, and Kiremt precipitation over the whole of BNB is significantly decreasing except Bega season with a magnitude of 36.38, 3.8, 7.8, and 24.7 mm per decade respectively. The rainfall in the study area is characterized by a high CV. Moreover, prolonged droughts have become common which adversely affects the agricultural system. It was also found that very low values of rainfall anomalies that correspond to severe droughts were associated with El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events.

The climate crisis provides a critical new lens through which health and health behaviors need to be viewed. This paper has three goals. First, it provides background on the climate crisis, the role of human behavior in creating this crisis, and the health impacts of climate change. Second, it proposes a multilevel, translational approach to investigating health behavior change in the context of the climate crisis. Third, it identifies specific challenges and opportunities for increasing the rigor of behavioral medicine research in the context of the climate crisis. The paper closes with a call for behavioral medicine to be responsive to the climate crisis.

Climate change means that China needs to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from its transport sector. The study reported in the paper analysed the spatial–temporal characteristics of carbon doxide emissions produced by transporting coal by rail in the country between 2000 and 2014. The kriging interpolation method was used to analyse the emission distributions. The results showed that total emissions produced from rail transport of coal increased from 1·18 Mt in 2000 to 11·71 Mt in 2014, although they appear to have peaked. Inner Mongolia, Shanxi and Shaanxi were the provinces with the largest emission increases. The emissions were positively correlated and showed spatial heterogeneity, with Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces being high-emission provinces surrounded by other high-emission provinces. The paper concludes with a discussion of energy conservation and emissions-reduction measures that could be implemented by the Chinese transport industry.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to pinpoint and analyse ethical issues raised by the dual role of artificial intelligence (AI) in relation to climate change, that is, AI as a contributor to climate change and AI as a contributor to fighting climate change. Design/methodology/approach This paper consists of three main parts. The first part provides a short background on AI and climate change respectively, followed by a presentation of empirical findings on the contribution of AI to climate change. The second part presents proposals by various AI researchers and commentators on how AI companies may contribute to fighting climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions from training and use of AI and by providing AI assistance to various mitigation and adaptation measures. The final part investigates ethical issues raised by some of the options presented in the second part. Findings AI applications may lead to substantial emissions but may also play an important role in mitigation and adaptation. Given this dual role of AI, ethical considerations by AI companies and governments are of vital importance. Practical implications This paper pinpoints practical ethical issues that AI companies and governments should take into account. Social implications Given the potential impact of AI on society, it is vital that AI companies and governments take seriously the ethical issues raised by the dual role of AI in relation to climate change. Originality/value AI has been the subject of substantial ethical investigation, and even more so has climate change. However, the relationship between AI and climate change has received only limited attention from an ethical perspective. This paper provides such considerations.

The “System and sustainable Approach to virTuous interaction of Urban and Rural LaNdscapes” (SATURN) project is exploring how resilience at a city scale might be achieved and how the issues of landscape fragmentation, governance and land management can be addressed resulting in a sustainable future. The EIT Climate-KIC SATURN project is based on a collaboration between three cities of very different scales and contexts, those of Gothenburg in western Sweden, Trento in northern Italy, and Birmingham in the United Kingdom. This paper focuses on the ways in which urban farming can become an important tool to mitigate or adapt to climate change in urban environments by exploring how the three major cities of SATURN deal with these concepts. Using the experience gained throughout the SATURN project as well as the strong communication developed within the consortium, the paper introduces the reasons why urban farming is not just an agricultural activity, but it relates to climate awareness, health and an element of community. With the examples of different urban farming models, this research presents the fully entrepreneurial model of Gothenburg, where a business model fosters sustainable and successful small-scale farming through municipal management of small allotments with associated basic infrastructure leased out to entrepreneurs. Public underutilized land is matched with farmers in order for them to scale up their businesses and provide sustainable food, by limiting the shipping distance of the produce. In the Trento case, bottom-up and more institutional processes have been combined to foster short local supply chains through the Nutrire Trento networking process which could benefit from the introduction of a land lease scheme named “banca della terra” (to support agricultural land recovery). The case of Birmingham presents a different model where farming in an urban environment is mostly seen as a support to communities, mental health and awareness, rather than an entrepreneurial activity. The innovation in this paper comes in the form of different European models related to urban agriculture and best practices, demonstrating how abandoned and underutilised public and private land can be regenerated and become an active part of the urban realm. Insights on the ways in which the three different models operate, as well as results on how farming in an urban environment can enhance resilient cities are discussed in this paper. Keywords: urban farming, climate change, landscape ecosystems, entrepreneurial agriculture, community farming

As a part of the drive to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, embodied energy figures are under consideration for construction materials. One aspect that needs to be included is the loss of embodied energy associated with corrosion and degradation throughout the life of a structure. This paper presents a review of corrosion and protection methods from the point of view of whole-life embodied carbon. This paper presents the examples that provide the lowest embodied carbon option for different environments for steel and reinforced concrete.

Reducing the shipping sector's contribution to climate change requires urgent emission reductions this decade. Both weather routing and wind propulsion offer immediate solutions, where combining sails with efficient routing amplifies the performance of each technology. However, while large emission savings are theoretically available, the impact of stochastic uncertainty from wind forecasts is unknown. Here, we present a novel approach that exploits fuel consumption calculations from over a thousand departures across three routes to characterise stochastic uncertainty. We show that routes with ideal wind conditions and long voyage times are most sensitive to uncertain forecast inputs, reducing savings from Flettner rotors and weather routing by up to 44% when a priori weather routing strategies are used. This paper further shows how an adaptive weather routing strategy can be used as an accurate prediction tool to reduce uncertainty on all routes investigated, reliably amplifying carbon savings from Flettner rotors by between 1.16 and 2.48 times typical great circle route savings. Overall, this paper provides greater assurance around the previously estimated carbon savings that serves to strengthen confidence in a wind-assisted decarbonisation strategy and its potential to provide essential emission reductions this decade.

Extreme hydrological variables are influenced by spatial and temporal climatic change, which is mainly caused by meteorological anomalies, catchment topographical processes, and human activities. The hydrological cycle process was mainly affected by climate change dynamics. The major goal of this review paper is to show how recent approaches to global climate change have affected hydrological extremes in the Upper Blue Nile Basin. This paper presented a systematic review, which defines and conceptualizes research findings of hydrological extremes of past decades and also future climate circumstances. In regards to precipitation, temperature, as well as streamflow extreme trends and variability, were reviewed within the basin using academic visibility engines (e.g., Science Direct, Google Scholars, and Scopus Database). The result demonstrated that extreme flood events were more likely to occur during the La Niña years, with a 67% probability of extreme flooding, and drought was more likely to occur during the El Niño years, with an 83% probability of drought. The literature shows that the trends of annual rainfall have not changed within the Upper Blue Nile Basin both in history and in future projections. However, seasonal and monthly rainfalls have both increasing and decreasing trends. Rainfall showed an increasing trend at the majority of the stations in May, June, July, August, and September, as well as in the summer season (June–September). In future climate conditions, both mean temperature and streamflow indicate an upward trend. The upper Blue Nile Basin is notable for its erratic and seasonal rainfall, as well as its sloppy and fragile terrain. To avoid uncertainty and bias in the basin, this characteristic could be incorporated while performing climate and hydrological modeling and climate downscaling techniques. The results appear to show signals of climate change and variability in the Upper Blue Nile Basin which should be taken into account for future water resources allocation and management. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Developing knowledge-based and usable climate change policies requires establishing science-policy interfaces through which knowledge producers and policymakers cooperate. Current research reveals that co-production-based interfaces dominated neither by knowledge producers nor policymakers succeed in facilitating the transformation of knowledge into politics. From this point of view, this paper explores how Izmir Development Agency (IZKA), a regional development agency in Turkey, utilizes scientific knowledge and science-policy interfaces in its activities on climate change. Based on the analysis of agency documents and semi-structured interviews with experts from and outside IZKA, the findings indicate that IZKA thrives in integrating scientific knowledge on climate change in its activities drawing from multi-stakeholder and multi-level science-policy interfaces that have significant similarities with the co-production model. In these interfaces, international, national, regional, and local stakeholders share their resources, knowledge, and experience on climate change. Although legal, geographical, and demographic conditions also have an impact, the main reason behind IZKA’s success is the agency’s climate-focused vision that shapes decisions, strategies, organizational structure, and activities. In parallel to the indicated finding, this paper also discloses that the perspective of not prioritizing climate change and considering the potential benefits as only “co-benefit” does not yield results with the desired efficiency. Another finding is that even though the national government is the main actor on climate in Turkey, development agencies are capable of carrying out transformative activities in their regions, albeit limited.

Tropical cyclones represent one of India's toughest natural threats. This paper lists the challenges and mitigation efforts to resolve significant disasters in the coastal areas of eastern India in particular. Humans must learn to counter and live with the effects of such natural disasters as they are unavoidable . The construction of natural hazard structures has always been supported by various national and international disaster mitigation organisations. New building design standards are proposed, as planning and growth to reduce the possibility of potential structural damage. Damage is caused to the roof, walls, openings, and foundation of a building due to the use of non-disaster proof construction practices. A brief introduction on the damaging effects of noteworthy cyclones is provided. It has been highlighted the increasing frequency of cyclones since the start of the 21st century due to climate change. A focus is maintained on the challenges faced by rural regions of India for the eastern coastline especially in the housing sector. Climate change and further cyclones have caused the loss of crops and thus livelihood, which is the main concern for the rural people. A section on the challenges to the housing reconstruction provisions for the rural community, as provided by the Government of India is depicted. Lastly, the paper provides various solutions for a cyclone-resistant structure and disaster prevention as per the challenges faced by the rural community.

Climate change has become a major global challenge. At present, few studies have reviewed the application practices and theoretical research of carbon neutrality. This paper summarizes the practical progress of carbon neutrality, the realization path of carbon neutrality, and the carbon neutrality research in typical fields, and concludes that the previous research has made some progress in the carbon neutrality goal domestic and overseas, the pathways to carbon neutrality, and the carbon neutrality issues in various fields. However, this paper also points out existing problems. Firstly, more studies should be carried out on the quantitative evaluation of carbon neutrality by adopting empircal datas and tools in various fields; Secondly, the correlation between paths and industries should be taken more attention; Additionally, how to measure carbon neutral capability, d potential and costis of great significance in subsequent studies.

As policymakers and governments in recent years have imposed various policies on industrial sectors to combat climate change, firms are required to manage their carbon footprints throughout their supply chains, alongside other operational decisions. This paper studies pricing and ordering competition between two green supply chains while considering carbon emissions regulations. In this context, the paper proposes a Stackelberg game among a governmental agency and two competitive green supply chains. The government seeks to maximise social welfare by imposing carbon policies, including carbon cap, carbon tax, and cap-and-trade. Each supply chain contains a manufacturer and multiple retailers. There is a Bertrand Nash competition between supply chains in different markets. The vendor-managed inventory (VMI) mechanism has been deployed to coordinate the supply chain and boost profitability. This paper develops mathematical models based on the supply chains’ structures and carbon policies. It provides a series of insights that highlight the impact of carbon regulations on price, ordering size, transportation cycle, carbon emissions, and social welfare.

Starptautiskās attiecības - Eiropas studijas Socioloģija, politoloģija un antropoloģija International Relations - European Studies Sociology, Politics and Anthropology Darba nosaukums ir: “Klimata pārmaiņu stratēģiskie naratīvi: rāmējums Latvijas politikā un rīcībpolitikā”. Klimata pārmaiņas un vides degradācija ir eksistenciāls drauds Eiropai un pasaulei, tāpēc Eiropas zaļais kurss ir viens no nozīmīgākajiem pēdējo laiku dokumentiem un rāmjiem, ko pieņēmusi Eiropas Savienība. Tas tiešā mērā skar arī Latviju, jo ir skaidrs, ka no Zaļā kursa ieviešanas valstī ir atkarīga tās ekonomiskā un politiskā nākotne Eiropas Savienībā. Darba mērķis ir izprast Latvijas politiķu klimata stratēģiskos naratīvus un to veidošanu klimata komunikācijā, kā arī identificēt atšķirības tajos pēc aktora politiskā statusa. Pētījuma uzdevumi ir aplūkot stratēģisko naratīvu teoriju un izprast tās saistību ar Latvijas politiķu naratīviem, analizēt politiķu klimata naratīvus intervijās, un identificēt stratēģisko naratīvu elementus tajos, kā arī izprast politiķu klimata naratīvu kopīgās iezīmes un atšķirības, un skaidrot to iemeslus. Pētījuma hipotēze – politiķu klimata stratēģisko naratīvu saturs ir atkarīgs no frakcijas statusa – koalīcijā vai ārpus tās. Pētījums sastāv no trīs nodaļām, kurās aprakstīts sociālais konstruktīvisms un stratēģisko naratīvu teorija, Eiropas Savienības rīcībpolitika pētījuma kontekstā, kā arī veikta klimata naratīvu analīze politikas un rīcībpolitikas līmeņos. Pētījuma hipotēze apstiprinājās daļēji, jo, kaut arī pētījumā skaidri nolasāma saistība starp klimata naratīvu un politiskā spēka atrašanos koalīcijā vai opozīcijā, tomēr ir sastopami izņēmumi, kas saistās ar stingru ideoloģisko sasaisti ar klimata jautājumiem. The title of the paper is: “Strategic Narratives of Climate Change: Frames in Latvian Politics and Policy”. Climate change and environmental degradation are an existential threat to Europe and the world, which is why the European Green Deal is one of the most important documents and frameworks adopted by the European Union in recent times. This is also of direct relevance to Latvia, as it is clear that the country's economic and political future in the European Union depends on the implementation of the Green Deal. The goal of this paper is to understand the strategic climate narratives of Latvian politicians and their construction in climate communication, as well as to identify differences in them according to the political status of the actor. The objectives of the study are to review the theory of strategic narratives and understand its relation to the narratives of Latvian politicians, to analyse the climate narratives of politicians in interviews and identify the elements of strategic narratives in them, as well as to understand the common features and differences of politicians' climate narratives and to explain the reasons for them. The research hypothesis is that the content of politicians' strategic climate narratives depends on their factional status - in or out of the coalition. The study consists of three chapters describing social constructivism and the theory of strategic narratives, the European Union's policies in the context of the study, and an analysis of climate narratives at the political and policy levels. The research hypothesis was partially confirmed because, although the study clearly shows a correlation between the climate narrative and the position of a political force in coalition or in opposition, there are exceptions that are associated with a strong ideological link to climate issues.

Climate change has become one of the most difficult problems that humankind is confronted with in recent times, especially since the problem seems to defy most policies developed to curb it. In a problem-solving context, it is classified as a wicked problem and by far, the most concerning environmental problem humans have had to face. As much as many climate mitigation efforts have failed across the globe, a couple of them have also gained some success. The German Energiewende is one such case. The Energiewende, according to most authors and observers, has been a resounding success, but the problem is that the assertion tends to be based solely on a single state level analysis with the German political and environmental elements as the standards of measurement. No serious comparative study has been done on the policy in terms of the possibility to replicate it in other jurisdictions. In this regard, this paper seeks to investigate if the German Energiewende’s success is limited to Germany alone due to its federal system peculiarities or it can be replicated in other countries like Canada. Canada is selected for this comparative study because though Canada, like Germany, is a federal state, the federal government has done little to ensure a successful national climate policy. Besides, the few attempts made by the federal government to develop and implement a national climate legislation have often attracted opposition from the provincial governments. This study thus will shed light on what Germany did differently, how Germany is politically different from Canada and how that has contributed to the success story of Germany’s Energiewende.