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The authors deal with the issue of determining the appropriate legal bases for the processing of personal data by employee representatives. The main objective of this paper is to assess the use of the relatively new European legislation on the protection of personal data in the specific environment of individual and collective employment relationships on the part of employee representatives. In the paper, the authors try to confirm that employee representatives in addition to the consent of a natural person concerned are entitled to act in line with another legal basis - the public interest (or fulfillment of legal obligations) given their position in the implementation of individual and collective labor relations. According to the authors, the choice of a specific legal basis will be based on the assumption that the employee representatives process personal data of the natural persons concerned, e.g. for the purposes of exercising the competencies granted by the relevant labor law regulations or for the purposes of managing internal relations of employee representatives (trade union membership as a personal data of a special category, fulfillment of rights arising from the trade union membership by a natural person). The authors substantiate their claims with relevant references to the practice, international legal documents and subsequently emphasize their use within specific labor law institutes.

The paper compares the development of agricultural and arable land in the Czech Republic between 2000 and 2020. It has been found that the area of agricultural and arable land had decreased. Obviously, the legal norms that are supposed to ensure its protection are not observed in practice and that there can always be found a reason to grant an exception. The paper also examines the development of the prices of agricultural and arable land in selected EU countries between the years 2000 and 2018. In all cases examined, price growth has been recorded. The area of vacant land is decreasing; therefore, the people interested in its purchase are willing to pay high prices. In the paper, the development of organic farming in the CR from the 1990s until present is addressed. There has been a massive development of this way of farming. This could be considered positive, since organic farming is beneficial for the environment, farm animals, and consumers, who can get quality food.

The results of the prediction of business and economic characteristics provide valuable information to stakeholders (business owners and managers, investors, and shareholders). The aim of the paper is to provide a comprehensive overview on methods applied in practice for predicting significant business and economic variables. The research is structured into selected key industries for most of the world's economies. An extensive literary review of the scientific papers published over the last decade revealed that the most used prediction methods include ANN, GARCH combined with ARIMA. These are the methods strong enough to capture the specifics of the industries for the economic and business prediction purposes. The LS-SVM and ARIMA methods are used separately to a lesser extent. The other methods were used mainly for the purpose of vali-dation of their predicting applicability.

The primary aim of this study has been to examine the Human Resource (HR) Practice types which are being followed in various Indian Entrepreneurial Organizations with special focus on succession planning process. HR Practices provide a common understanding and order within the system. It is also a very important part of an organizations business strategy since people are working for an organization and creating a great enterprise heavily relies on how well and fairly, they are being treated. Additionally, organisations require a plan for creating, disseminating, and enforcing a set of rules and regulations that are compliant with the law and represent the proper conduct of their employees. Sound HR Practices also support the vision, mission and business strategy of an Organization. At the operational level of HR function, it helps HR Professionals to deliver in an objective way. This paper provides insights, as to the status of types of HR Practices being followed in Indian Entrepreneurial Organizations. It would help organizations to improve their HR practices. This paper also tests the relevance of influence of organization types on HR practices especially Succession Planning.

The paper deals with the analysis of current Czech accounting procedures in the case of accounting for the works of art and collections, which are tangible fixed assets. The aim of paper is to assess the current accounting procedures of this issue and the proposal of new procedures. The method of process analysis examines the valid methodological procedures and characterizes their pros and cons. It has been found out that charging the works of art, which are tangible fixed assets, is in contradiction to the Accounting Act in accordance with the Czech legislation in force, as the result is not a faithful representation of the current value of entity’s assets. The works of art – tangible fixed assets, are represented in acquisition price in accounting. If the works of art are a part of structure, they are depreciated simultaneously with it. If they are represented independently, their value never changes in accounting in the course of time. Current accounting fails to reflect the increase of artwork value in the course of time. Therefore, it fails to provide a true image of entity’s assets and financial situation. The advantage of this way of charging is a fact that it is not demanding for an entity in terms finance and labor. New accounting procedures, which would enable the representation of the current artwork value, both its increase and its decrease, e.g. damage, are proposed in the paper. It would be possible to account for the increased market value on the basis of expert opinion in the given asset account in relation to the account in the group 58 in the 4th account class. It would be possible to account for the temporary decreased value with the help of adjustments, in the case of a permanent value decrease, in accordance with the expert opinion, the value of the given asset account would decrease in relation to the account in the group 54. The pros and cons of the proposed methodology are defined. The user would obtain current information about the value and structure of given entity’s assets. However, the adoption of the new methodology would be significantly demanding for an entity in terms finance and time.

This paper focuses on the quantitative and qualitative systematic analysis of the multimodal semiosphere pertaining to the linguistic landscape of the selected urban spaces in Banská Bystrica. It examines public urban communication in the form of text-based public signs (road signs, billboards, street names, place names, commercial shop signs, public signs, etc.) as information units to which passers-by are exposed. This paper explores both local features and commonalities that may show the patterns of globalisation, as well as general areal and historical patterns.

The issue of business risk in times of recession or growth is very topical in these times. The Czech Republic and its neighboring countries are currently struggling with the economic problems caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The aim of the paper is to analyze the number of insolvency petitions in the Czech Republic from the years 2010–2020 and to compare them with each other. The data source are data from publicly available resources from the Creditreform group and also from the CRIF database of the Cribis platform. First were created tables for the Agriculture and Forestry, Manufacturing, Construction and Transport sectors. Data for the relevant years were added to them from the aforementioned resources. Then was created a line chart for each industry. Using time series analysis and comparison, we analyze and compare the development of insolvencies. At the same time, we use causal analysis to find out why there were high numbers of insolvencies in the given years. We are also looking at which sectors were hit hardest during the insolvency crisis, when they were hit hardest, how they did in times of economic growth and how they should adapt to the next possible crisis. During the Great Recession, the construction sector was hit the hardest, and then the transport sector also suffered greatly. The largest numbers of insolvencies can be observed in 2012. At a time of economic growth, which began in 2014, the numbers of insolvencies fell in all sectors analyzed, but mostly in agriculture and forestry and transport. Businesses in the sectors analyzed can adapt to the next crisis by creating larger cash reserves or changing, for example, crop production or transport by temporarily reducing fares to attract new customers. We see the benefit of this work in the analysis of the number of insolvencies in the given sectors, which has not been recorded in almost any academic papers. We also see a benefit in determining the conditions for how companies can prevent another crisis.

The paper describes the real possibilities of using the action art in the course of one’s life from an early age to the old age. The paper presents specific artistic outputs called situational-art-action-models designed for different age groups. These models prompt the participants themselves to action, in particular to tell (re-create) a story, regardless of whether the story was finished or not. The ways in which the participants express themselves are different, as are the different environments in which the art takes place. Unambiguous action art blurs the boundaries, breaks rules, and gives the participants the opportunity to present a person in different forms and looks. The paper is supplemented by photo documentation of art-action models.

The paper analyzes the possibilities of Art Education evaluation at primary schools. Art Education gives pupils opportunity to express themselves through art. Evaluation processes is a possibility to diagnose and evaluate the process of art making and the final product. The paper presents an analysis and interpretation of different forms of art evaluation in the context of expressive stimuli.

Our paper rests on two fundamentals: firstly, the EU's initiative to deepen cooperation with and the prospect of its enlargement to the Western Balkans region; and, secondly, the urgency to address sustainable development issues in the international environment. As the virtual water perspective represents an innovative approach in the field of sustainable development, the aim of our paper is to analyse trade-related characteristics based on the water footprint concept (complementary to the alternative RCA/RTA indexes designed to calculate a country's comparative advantage or disadvantage). In our paper, we analyse and evaluate selected commodities traded by the Slovak Republic and the Western Balkans countries in terms of the absolute/comparative advantage related to the national water footprints.

The paper presents a student project. Ten students of the Pedagogy Faculty carried out individual action research in different areas of social and personality development in the years 2019-2020. The aim of the paper is to present the project, its methodology, and the research problems that the students worked with. Four-phase model of action research by Kemmis, McTaggart (1988) was chosen. Six key topics were identified, all focused on development: communication skills improvement, self-value and self-trust improvement, facing demanding situations and work with escape strategies, skills of appropriate response in conflict situations, diminishing fear of entering new situations and work with negative evaluation of other people. An example of a chosen research presents the work of a student in action research phases focusing on work with stress.

The paper focuses on the current problem of factors influencing the reading of non-artistic texts and the development of reading strategies of pupils of secondary technical schools in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. The paper aims to reflect, describe, analyse and evaluate which types of non-artistic texts, images, and depictions develop pupils' reading strategies. The text presents selected results of the quantitatively oriented questionnaire survey focusing on the identification of the relationship between the pupil's notion of a non-artistic text and course of work with the image as factors influencing their reading strategies. The partial goal of the pilot research is to point out the factors influencing student teachers at the Faculty of Education of the University of Ostrava in working with non-artistic text, an image in the text and their understanding.

The paper deals with the issue of the impact of changes in selected macroeconomic indicators and the standard VAT rate on the amount of VAT revenue. The aim of the paper was to empirically verify this impact. The analysis was performed using a linear regression analysis and an econometric model, which determined the magnitude of changes in VAT revenue as the indicators increased. Subsequently, it was necessary to point out the correspondence between the calculated and the actual VAT revenue. The analysis followed GDP, consumption expenditure, exports, imports and the VAT rate in the 28 EU countries for the period 2004-2018, while the countries were considered as a separate territorial unit. The contribution set out a hypothesis that was not confirmed, as GDP had the most significant impact on VAT revenues. This caused the most significant increase in VAT revenue by EUR 139,300 while increasing GDP by 1 million EUR. The calculated VAT revenue based on the compiled econometric model indicated that with slight deviations, it copies the actual value of VAT revenue. Based on the analysis, we can conclude that the selected indicators and the level of the standard rate are variables that affect the amount of VAT revenue.

The paper analyzes the possibilities of using Google Analytics in the study of students' learning behaviour and for the design of online courses. Specifically, it analyzes data from an information literacy course for high school students. The paper use data from an online course for high school students between 1 February 2020 and 16 September 2020. There are a total of 785 unique visitors whose behavior on the web was the basis for our analysis. We also use information from 7 semi-structured interviews with teachers and from 2 focus groups with students (14 students) to interpret the data.

Due to the pandemic situation, the online form of education has become widespread in all its spheres. The education of seniors, which is provided, among others, at universities of the third age, has been no exception. Prior to the global pandemic, universities of the third age mainly provided full-time education. However, the new situation has brought new challenges. Third Age Universities have either decided to provide online education or have temporarily ceased their activities. In this paper, we focus on online education during the pandemic at a particular third age university. Based on the results of a questionnaire survey, we present the experiences of seniors with online learning, specifically, identifying the advantages of online education for seniors and the disadvantages of this form of education for this target group. To achieve these objectives, a quantitative research survey was conducted among seniors who participated in online learning at the University of the Third Age in question.

Startups are unpredictable, but above all unpredictable enterprises, which can hardly be attributed a universally valid recommendation for their existence. For startups, it is very important to recall that there is no constant business model for them. The current literature provides a number of business models that could be a guide for startups, but it would make little sense to establish a universally valid model given their diversity, instability and variability. In this paper, we describe the Canvas business model, which serves as a visualization of the current state of real functioning Slovak startups, and we further gain valuable insights and valuable knowledge based on this model. The main objective is to identify the significance of the impact of the Canvas business model on the performance indicators of startups. The achieved results and the metamorphosis of real functioning startups contribute to the expansion of knowledge of this relatively new and promising entrepreneurial phenomenon. The startup environment is many times presented by the most successful representatives and the less successful ones quietly sink into oblivion. Representatives of unsuccessful startups do not like to provide data and information about their business.

Preparedness of an entrepreneur with regards to development of his probable successors especially for key roles is not only critical and important keeping in view the long-term business success but also to remain competitive. This research paper presents the creation and verification of the entrepreneur preparedness to the development of probable successors in Entrepreneurial Organization engagement scale, as tested on a sample of 150. The respondents included Leadership Team, Heads of Human Resources and senior management team members of the organizations belonging to 48 organizations due to the involvement of senior management of these organizations and homogeneous nature of the population. The basis of selection was their entrepreneurial orientation. The organizations are more than a year old to maximum of 90 years old. Organizations which were selected belonged to across industries irrespective of national geography as the meaning of entrepreneurial orientation remains same in any industry. Sampling of participants focused primarily on role of respondents in succession planning for probable successors in their organizations. The scale is a 19 item self-reporting questionnaire (1 was dropped as it was irrelevant) that measures four facets of development of probable successors with regards to Statements that represent preparedness of Entrepreneur with regards to the development of probable successors in entrepreneurial Organization. The test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the subscales were both quite good. All the dimensions of development of probable successors were positively and significantly related. The results of EFA rendered 3 distinct factors namely; Leadership Commitment to Planned succession, Communication of Planned succession to probable successors, Succession decisions directed by Family concerns, values and norms. These factors were then checked for construct validity and discriminant validity followed by structural model fit assessment.

The paper evaluates teaching methods in the school subject Arts on the 2nd level of primary school. The collected data were evaluated using the grounded theory, which is based on the research processes of open coding, axial coding and selective coding. The research brough about a new theory that introduces an evaluation workbook into the teaching of Arts class – a practice which is not common in Slovak schools. The evaluative research tool (non-standardized) is not only aimed at supporting and streamlining processes in Arts class, but also at motivating students in their artistic endeavours.

The article deals with problems of air pollution in large cities and how to solve them. In Europe, road transport produces nearly half of NOx emissions, which ensures urban air quality. Analysis of reference data has revealed scientists' active interest in reducing air pollution in large cities. However, since the objects of territorial planning continue to develop dangerously, one can speak of the absence of a sufficiently compelling concept of architectural and urban planning to ensure the environmental safety of the air basin of urban areas. Therefore, we propose to consider the object of the research and protection as systemic integrity of three entities: areas near trunk roads, air basins, and population. The paper presents an ER model of the research object and determines the main parameters of each entity, their interrelationships, and the action area. We propose an engineering and planning solution for installing special units to remove the most dangerous admixtures of nitrogen oxides and dust from the air basin near the city trunk roads through ozonation and absorption. The basis of the proposed treatment plant is a scrubber with combined processes of wet dust collection and ozonation characterized by high efficiency in removing fine dust and nitrogen oxides. The work presents a process flow diagram of purification and determines the operating conditions of the equipment. To substantiate the unit's operational safety in an emergency with ozone emission, we have simulated the process of ozone dispersion in the surrounding areas.

The beginning of an independent life is a challenging time for every young person. Some, however, struggle at the beginning difficult because of release from an institutional environment. The main aim of the paper is to find out to what extent they are able to adapt to the conditions of contemporary society. To achieve the goals, we used a qualitative research design based on intensive contact with the investigated environment. Data obtained from interviews, observations and pedagogical documentation were processed using grounded theory, interpretative phenomenological analysis and narrative analysis. The results obtained confirm the fact that young individuals leaving institutional care facilities are at risk of social exclusion and the possible emergence of negative patterns of behaviour. Respondents identify the lack of follow-up support as a significant problem. The outputs of our research offer incentives for the modification of special pedagogical work in children’s homes, especially when preparing young adults for their transition period.

The accelerating development of technology over the past decades has brought many radical changes in all aspects of life and has unquestionably affected the functioning of our society. The expansion of the digital space and the technological innovation in industry, commerce and household have given rise to a large number of new concepts relating to digital and information technology and their use. In the context of supporting these activities and needs, the FEP document has been updated for the educational area Information and Communication Technology in elementary schools but also in general and technical secondary schools. This innovation is built primarily on the development of computational thinking, which is based on two pillars—algorithmization/programming and educational robotics. The present paper uses educational research to analyse the area of educational robotics as one of the important tools for promoting the concept of developing computational thinking including a description of the specific tools for the implementation of this type of teaching. The aim of the research study was to analyse the current level of pupils’ awareness of and practical experience with educational robotics, both in school and in extracurricular activities. The research tool for data collection was an online questionnaire designed by the authors.

The text focuses on the issue of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, the authors focus on capturing, describing and interpreting the perception of online learning through the online tools MS Teams and LMS Moodle. The paper is based on data obtained from a research survey based on a quantitative approach. A self-designed questionnaire was chosen as the data collection tool. The questionnaire survey was conducted electronically among university students in pedagogical fields in the period from November 2020 to March 2021. In total, the authors analysed data from 462 questionnaires received. Not only the basic descriptive results but also the statistical significance of the relationships between the selected variables were evaluated, using adequate parametric and non-parametric tests.

Environmental threats of anthropological origin, such as global warming, rising water levels, air pollution, excessive waste generation, or the seas and oceans quality decline, are threats that directly affect us. Thus, the main goal of this paper is to evaluate the impact of current economic development in the intentions of planetary limits through regression analysis using cross-sectional and panel data evaluating the dependence of ecological footprint per person, gross domestic product per person and Sustainable Development Index. The analysis shows that economic development in line with the current market rules contributes to expand the ecological footprint. We argue that both green measures into international and national policies as an effective monitoring of the achievement of sustainable goals of all market actors are necessary.

This paper focuses on working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. It focuses mainly on the advantages and disadvantages of this way of working, as well as its impact on the psyche and performance of employees and, last but not least, its impact on a company's finances. It uses the synthesis of data found on the internet, from selected reliable sources dealing with the same or similar issues. From these sources it is evident that the effects of working from home are rather negative. The most frequently mentioned advantage is the saving of time, caused mainly by the absence of commuting to the office. The most frequently mentioned disadvantage is the absence of personal contact with co-workers. The disadvantage that a company could feel the most is the extension of the length of communication between employees, and thus the extension of work processes. At first glance, it might seem that a company will save money using this form of work, but the reality is that the company's costs may even increase. This is due to the fact that most companies have chosen to work from home only partly, so the costs of running the offices remain the same or slightly reduced at best, and legislation states that the company must reimburse workers for costs incurred by this form of work. It follows from this contribution that, if possible, workers and employers should avoid the practice of working from home, even though it has a positive effect on the pandemic. The potential for further research could be to compare the results of this work with the same research conducted outside of the pandemic.

In this paper we analyze the first story-book of the internationally renowned contemporary Hungarian storyteller, Csenge Virág Zalka. In the first section we investigate the differences between folktale and literary tale, storyteller and story writer, further-/retold heritage and own creation as well as how the boundaries between them destabilize if we note down the folktale originally living in the oral traditional form. Furthermore, we will be discussing the female horizon prevalent in the Zalkaian tale-variants as well as the all-time topicality of the stories by putting the contemporary social and psychological analogies and taboo-breaking procedures of the tales in the foreground. In the focus of our investigation the Ribizli a világ végén [Currant at the End of the World] stands as a literary creation, which although we (also) analyze with an approach coming from the relevant literature of folktales and remade fairy tales, we do this all the way through the analysis in light of the postmodern text-organizing strategies.

The paper presents the potential of literary texts with the theme of Shoah in the field of forming the desired profile of citizens of a democratic society. After the introduction, we briefly focus on the anchoring of the Shoah in Czech curricular documents focusing on the educational field of Czech Language and Literature, then we deal with the possibilities of Literary Education in the presentation of Shoah events and then the importance of multilateral perspective on the Shoah and its educational and axiological potential. We demonstrate various multilateral views on the issue of the Shoah with artistic narratives in which one line of events of the Second World War is viewed from another or from different angles.

The topic of influencers has been a widely used word in recent years. It is a person who, through social media networks, influences the target groups of their followers. The aim of this paper is to analyze the communication of selected influencers on the social platform Instagram. Using classification analysis, data on individual influencers are presented. For the sake of interesting results and the proof that the success of an influencer does not only depend on how many followers they have on their profile, the influencers were selected with the help of respondents who assessed them independently. The data were obtained on the social platform Instagram and subsequently processed on the basis of the last five contributions as of April 3, 2020. This work is focused mainly on the number of responses to influencers in the form of likes or comments, furthermore we also calculate what share of their contributions is from 2020, mainly due to the fact that influencers on Instagram started to become known mostly in that year. The statistics of individual Instagram profiles and their subsequent comparison with each other are presented. The results show that it does not entirely depend on how many followers an influencer has, but that it depends more on the quality and impact of individual posts.

The aim of this paper is to value a portion of a company which is able to turn a profit even after separation from the whole. The assets of the company are identified, which are operationally necessary for the further functioning of the valuated part as a separate accounting unit. The earnings and asset valuation methods are used to valuate the part of the company. The results of the market value of the company achieved using both methods are compared in the end and the reasons for the differences in the achieved results are stated. The difference in the results achieved by different valuation methods is due to modifications of the input data, which enter the calculation of the value of the company using the individual valuation methods used. The reason for these modifications is also explained.

The aim of this paper is to present a suggestion for the modification possibility of a selected valuation method which can be used to value real estate in case it is not possible to find a sufficiently large battery of comparable real estate to determine the estimate of the market price. The modification of the selected valuation method consists in the double use of correction coefficients in the creation process of the so-called standardized unit of thought which serves as an intermediary in the valuation of specific real estate. Based on the results achieved by the application, it was concluded that such a modified valuation method can be used to estimate the market price of a set of real estate more quickly and efficiently.

At present, it is not easy to define and recognise the innovative potential of an enterprise in a market environment. It is about identifying the components, relationships and understanding the concepts, interconnections and achieving the expected economic, social, environmental consequences of introducing and managing innovation. Innovation is associated with increased performance, the creation of new markets and competitive advantage. Enterprises are innovating to defend their existing competitive positions as well as to seek a sustainable competitive advantage. The paper's main goal was to examine the degree of the introduction of innovations in enterprises in Slovakia in the era of Industry 4.0 on the basis of a knowledge base and a questionnaire survey. By applying theoretical knowledge and statistical methods of evaluating the questionnaire survey, we came to potential opportunities for the development of innovation activity in the ongoing fourth industrial revolution in the surveyed enterprises.

The aim of this paper is to analyse the relations between the frequency of reflexive method implementation by teachers and their self-efficacy. To find out the frequency of reflexive method implementation by teachers our own scale questionnaire was used. Its internal structure was analysed using exploratory factor analysis which showed the existence of two dimensions (traditional and non-traditional reflective methods). Reliability of dimensions was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha and the result varied between 0.71 and 0.73. To map self-efficacy of teachers, OSTES (The Ohio State Teacher Efficacy Scale) was used; and it was adapted to Slovak conditions by Gavora (2012). In this case, exploratory factor analysis demonstrated that it is appropriate to consider two dimensions (teacher efficacy in using teaching strategies and manage class). Their reliability varied between 0.84 and 0.86. 345 lower secondary school teachers – ISCED 2 participated in the research. The average length of work experience of male and female respondents (n=45) was 12.80 years (SD=10.70) and (n=300) 16.20 years (SD=9.88) respectively. Statistically significant moderate positive relation was identified between the implementation frequency of traditional reflective methods and self-efficacy of teachers in using teaching strategies. Similar relation was proved between the implementation frequency of non-traditional reflective methods and the mentioned component of self-efficacy of teachers. A weak direct dependence proved to exist between implementation frequency of both reflective method groups and self-efficacy of teachers in class management.

An increasing number of retailers and service providers are aware of the importance of loyalty programmes as a tool to support sales. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the benefits of loyalty cards for sales support at three selected companies in the Czech market, especially Kaufland, Globus and Tesco, and to determine whether the implementation of the loyalty programme leads to gaining a loyal customer. The basic source of data is the data obtained through an interview and the CAWI method, which consists in collecting data using an online questionnaire survey. The obtained data are evaluated using a prognostic marketing and comparison method. In total, responses were obtained from 121 respondents. The results of the research show that the implementation of loyalty programmes does not lead to gaining a more loyal customer. If the customer does not have to register to join the programmer, he does not perceive himself as loyal to the brand. The Kaufland Card programme has become the most used loyalty programme. These conclusions lead to new ideas that could affect both the future development of loyalty programmes and their structure.

The offer for counselling services at universities and colleges is nowadays their standard component. University counselling focuses on learning, psychological, social, special-pedagogical and career issues. The aim of the paper is to acquaint with the results of the demand analysis for counselling services among students of all grades of the selected university in the Czech Republic. The results identified specific areas where students would need guidance or their further development (e. g. soft skills) while gender and student preference differences at different stages of study were found for most indicators. The results of such investigations are the core basis for reflection, innovation and improvement of the university counselling services status quo.

The aim of the paper is to analyze the price of outdoor advertising in various regions of the Czech Republic. The base source of data is the website plakatov.cz, from which the prices of outdoor advertisement in individual regions were obtained. The results show that the prices of outdoor advertisement in the individual regions are the same. The main difference is in how many outdoor advertisements are located in individual regions for the lowest and how many for the highest price. An overview was created, which shows what is the price of outdoor advertisement in each region, how many ads are located in each region and subsequently, the data is displayed using a map. The results show that the cheapest outdoor advertisement is located in the Hradec Králové region. The price of the outdoor advertisement in the Hradec Králové Region is CZK 5,204. On the contrary, the most expensive outdoor advertisement is in Prague. The price of outdoor advertising in Prague is CZK 16,567. Most outdoor advertisements are located in Prague. There are 174 outdoor advertisements in Prague. The lowest number of outdoor advertisements is in the Pardubice and Zlín regions. There are 18 outdoor advertisements in both regions. The difference between outdoor advertisements in the Pardubice and Zlín regions is in their price. While in the Zlín Region outdoor advertising costs CZK 6,466, in the Pardubice Region it costs CZK 12,333. The results are beneficial for people who are interested in outdoor advertising. They are mostly beneficial for outdoor advertising producers to know their standing compared to their competition and other regions.

The attendance of a slowdown in the level of experiences and skills formed in grads from the actual practical expert context leads to the necessity to revise and transform the scholarly complex. Modern professional preparation of future specialists is characterized by the renewal of the methodological material and innovative technology and software tools, advanced technologies, methods, and forms of education. An essential element of educational innovations is the revision of professional competencies and a change in their content component. In this paper, on the example of training future specialists, the intensification of educational and methodological support and the formation of a graphic vector to develop acknowledged competencies are considered. A unique role is given to the development of visual competence as a response to the current pace of improvement of software and hardware for vocational training, the introduction of new information and communication training tools, and the professional sphere's needs in highly qualified specialists. The article examines the features of the use of traditional graphic tools and computer technologies at different stages of the project activities of future specialists. The analysis of thought processes accompanying tutorial project activities is given. The advantages of using computer technologies in the educational process at the final stages of design are shown.

The paper presents results of the quantitative research on the level of reading strategies of fifteen years old pupils from Kyiv and Chernihiv region and their comparison with the results of Czech pupils of the same age (Vicherková, 2018). The research sample consisted of 121 subjects. The research data were obtained through the structured questionnaire. The main conclusion of the research is that Ukrainian pupils consider themselves reading literate. However, the fact contradicts the actual level of their reading strategies. The questionnaire items categorisation delimited the main factors influencing the fifteen years old Ukrainian pupils' level of reading strategies as well as the reading strategies level of the fifteen years old Czech pupils.

Wood as a raw material and material in the construction of wooden buildings has an irreplaceable position in terms of the complex of mechanical, thermal-technical, aesthetic, utility, technological properties and the impact on the environment. In many countries of our region, it is a strategic, yet renewable raw material, which brings considerable profits to national economies, especially where it is comprehensively processed in products with high added value. Today's wood-based construction methods are very diverse and can be individually adapted and combined. Current wooden buildings intended for housing can in principle be divided according to the character and nature of vertical load-bearing structures into massive, skeletal and elementally constructed elements composed of individual elements. From the point of view of the efficiency of the construction process, an effective solution is especially construction systems that use elements of automation and prefabrication of structural elements of the construction site. The production process of prefabricated components is diverse depending on the specific manufacturer of the individual components. Pre-prepared structural elements and parts of structures more or less finalized are then transported to the construction site where they are assembled into the final form. In connection with prefabricated construction systems for the construction of wood-based structures, it is necessary to analyze their production process where it is possible to identify significant reserves and propose improvements to streamline the production process. From this point of view, in this paper we focused on the analysis of the production processes of a prefabricated wood-based construction system.

The paper presents the results of research covering 596 Romany children of primary school age. The research objective was to identify the somatic parameters and the motion performance of 7- to 10-year old Romany boys and girls. In order to determine the trends in the development of these children, the results were compared to those presented in Horváth (2001). The latter research covered 1093 Romany children living in East Slovakia. We evaluated the data in terms of statistical significance of the differences between the results obtained in 2000 and 2019. We analyzed the somatic parameters and motion performance of Romany children attending primary school in terms of improved or worse results during the period of 19 years. We calculated the basic statistical values and tested the hypotheses by Student t-test. The results are summarized in tables and diagrams. It was found out that the somatic parameters of Romany boys and girls of all age categories have significantly improved. The motion performance has also improved in a statistically significant manner, however, this finding does not hold for all test items not for all age categories.

Kazakhstan has an important position as the EU´s main trading partner in Central Asia and the EU has been its largest trade partner as well as the largest source of foreign direct investment. The importance of China as trade and investment partner is rising, on the contrary, the EU’s share is declining. Even though there remains plenty of scope for further growth, mutual relations and cooperation are influenced by increased geopolitical tensions and geo-economic changes in the wider region. The paper evaluates the position of the EU and its strategic interests in Kazakhstan in the context of geopolitical and geo-economic changes in the region based on the assessment of the trade and investment position of the EU in comparison with the position of China.

The aim of the paper is to identify the level of subjective well-being of students attending the Special vocational school for children with physical disabilities with consideration of their gender. The next aim is to determine the relationship between the dimensions of subjective well-being male and female students. The research group consists of 130 students attending the Special vocational school for children with Physical disabilities (19.03±2.57 years). Students were divided into groups based on the gender differences (87 male students. 43 female students). We used the standardized Berne questionnaire of subjective well-being (BSW-Y) to determine the level of positive and negative dimensions. We recorded gender differences in the sample of our students. Our findings indicate that there are some differences between the genders in consideration of their state of the subjective well-being. The data were statistically tested by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test used to test the normality of distribution. The Mann Whitney-U test was used to determine differences between samples. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the strength of the relationship between selected variables.

The results of education process are not dependent only on methods and forms used by teachers but also on environment where students work. School culture is a topic that requires systematic attention. Different literature describes different types of school culture. The author describes them and also compares them from the point of contribution to school reality. School culture is not a problem that does not deal with other aspects, it also functions externally. School culture is very important part of school image, it consists of various aspects, e.g. pedagogical and didactical activities, organizational activities, school presentation, school routing. These basic aspects are analyzed in the relation to basic areas and also with the relation to school types.. These are the main ideas the author stresses in his paper.

International cooperation, visiting new countries, meeting new people from all over the world are typical features of these days. The Universities of the Third Age as institutions focused on senior education and their opportunities to help people of older age familiarize with new cultures, it means to integrate into the multicultural society are presented in the paper. The European Union, especially the Erasmus+ program offers chances to students of all ages as well as seniors to enhance the knowledge and skills abroad, to make friends and to improve communication skills in English language.

The paper examined the presence of somatic symptomatology in relation to the perception of parental education, emotions and sense of security in the family environment. Those surveyed consisted of 4,847 adolescents The defined family factors consisted of inconsistency of education, parental interest, supervision, affection and a sense of security within the family environment and these were examined in relation to selected somatic issues through the SAHA methodology. The results of the correlation analysis indicated that the quality of these family factors is related to the symptoms of somatic problems of adolescents. A positive correlation between somatic symptoms and inconsistency of education and a negative correlation between somatic symptoms and a sense of security at home were observed.

This paper discusses modification of teaching strategies used in the educational process. In their work the authors focuse on development of the students’ metacognitive skills in the educational process and mainly underpin strategies that work with mistakes commonly made during the learning process and the course of instruction.

The constant above-average unemployment rate of people with disabilities (PWD) and the failure of government measures to date indicate the need for companies to address this issue themselves. A reliable understanding of the effects and implications of employment of PWD and vocational rehabilitation for strategic corporate management is therefore required to specifically promote the integration of PWD into the labor market. This paper compares the impacts of the two concepts from a management perspective. A literature review was conducted to collect and analyze the state of research for similarities and differences regarding the categories government policies, corporate social responsibility (CSR), benefits and consequences for companies and business opportunities using a summary content analysis. The results suggest that the effects on companies and the resulting implications are identical, at least over a longer period. The employment of PWD, as well as vocational rehabilitation, can be a key to attracting customers with disabilities and thus allowing to enter new market segments. Die weiterhin überdurchschnittliche Arbeitslosenquote von Menschen mit Behinderungen (PWD) sowie die bisherige Erfolglosigkeit staatlicher Massnahmen sprechen für die Notwendigkeit, dass dieses Anliegen durch Unternehmen selbst angesprochen werden muss. Für die gezielte Förderung der Integration von PWD in den Arbeitsmarkt ist daher ein reliables Verständnis der Auswirkungen und deren Implikationen der Beschäftigung von PWD und der beruflichen Rehabilitation für die strategische Unternehmensführung erforderlich. Diese Untersuchung vergleicht die Auswirkungen der beiden Konzepte aus Management Sicht. Anhand einer Literaturrecherche wird der Forschungsstand erhoben und mittels zusammenfassender Inhaltsanalyse auf Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede in Bezug auf die Kategorien gesetzliche Vorgaben, soziale Unternehmensverantwortung, Vorteile und Konsequenzen für Unternehmen sowie Geschäftschancen analysiert. Die Ergebnisse legen die Schlussfolgerung nahe, dass die Auswirkungen auf Unternehmen und die daraus entstehenden Implikationen, mindestens über einen längeren Zeitraum betrachtet, identisch sind. Die Beschäftigung von PWD als auch die berufliche Rehabilitation können ein Schlüssel sein, um auch Kunden mit Behinderungen zu gewinnen und somit neue Marktsegmente zu erschliessen.

Purpose of the article: Purpose of the article is to provide an overview of the original ideas and theoretical approaches in the field of competence approach of project managers. Methodology/methods: A comprehensive review of the most cited scientific literature and articles published predominately in past ten years in personnel oriented journals was carried out. Scientific aim: The contribution is the identification of the different understanding of competence and competency definitions and competence based approaches (Management by Competencies, Competence models) to obtain holistic view and the ability to perceive competences/competencies as an important part of project management in all its contexts. Findings: There had been identified differences in perception of competence and competency. Next up competencies were classified and application of competency model in work of project managers thanks to management by competencies had been introduced. Conclusions: The paper provides better understanding of the topic and are subsequently a basis for processing research in the current state of managerial competencies in Czech companies with project passed organizational structure.

Our paper focuses on the description of both multinational enterprises (MNE) and the state owned multinational enterprises (SO-MNE) rates of importance within the world economy. The impact of the public administration is felt in both counts. Along Europe it is more intensive in the post-communist countries like in Czech Republic and Slovak Republic and the same in some Arab countries where the SO-MNE are intensive even dominantly operating mostly within the energy industry segments.

The basic part of an innovative and modern approach to business process requirement analysis which is based on the simultaneous utilization of UML Use Case approach and the Business Object Relation Modelling approach is analyzed in the present paper. Precisely the transition rules by which the Use Case Main Success Scenario steps are converted into to a BORM diagram, entitled as the Use Case To BORM Transformation Algorithm (UCBTA) transition rules, are presented as a pattern based method which leads to the effective and efficient business process requirement analysis.