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The purpose of this study was to investigate the meanings assigned by pre-service teachers to the wastepaper basket and waste (crumpled) papers in their drawings of a scientist. The study was carried out with 220 pre-service teachers during the 2015-2016 academic years. A phenomenological research method was used. First, the pre-service teachers were administered the ‘Draw-A-Scientist Test’ in order to identify their images of a scientist and then they were asked to describe and explain the scientist they drew. And a semi-structured interview was performed with the 34 pre-service teachers who included a wastepaper basket and waste paper in their drawings in order to identify the meanings assigned to the wastepaper and wastepaper basket by these teachers. The data were analysed by using content analysis. The results of the analysis showed that with these figures the pre-service teachers revealed their belief that when scientists conduct research, they follow a confirmatory experimental process in a similar manner to the way school science experiments. Based on these results, it can be suggested in the analysis of the drawings that waste paper and wastepaper baskets can be regarded as indicators of the stereotypical image of scientists and of the scientific method they use. © 2018 Eurasian Society of Educational Research. All rights reserved.

Psychology is one of the most productive social sciences in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. However, authors from CEE countries continue to publish their work in national scientific journals and limit scientific collaboration to their own national context more often than their Western colleagues. As a result, their contribution to psychological science is largely unknown to the global community. The current study analyzes trends in paper publication in CEE journals, published in CEE countries, and non-CEE psychology journals, published outside of CEE countries, in the period between 1996 and 2013, as well as differences between these two groups of papers. A total of 3846 papers published in 286 journals by CEE authors were extracted from the Scopus database and subsequently analyzed. Among all published papers, 53.2% were published in 14 CEE journals, while 46.7% of papers were published in 272 non-CEE journals. Several general findings emerged from the analyses: (1) In the period between 1996 and 2004, CEE psychologists published their papers more frequently in CEE journals ; (2) after 2007, the number of scientific papers increased overall ; (3) after 2011, the difference between CEE and non-CEE papers demonstrated a constant and growing trend in favor of non-CEE journals ; (4) while the research topics of papers published in both groups were similar, significant differences were found in the methodology applied, where research that used advanced or complex methodology was more often published in non-CEE journals and single-author and review papers were more often published in CEE journals. The significance of these results for European cohesion processes are discussed.

The defence system of the Republic of Serbia has a complex organizational structure that is constantly in the process of exploiting its own resources, among which spending funds deserves special attention. Considering the achieved level in the process of building a stable manner of financing the defence system of the Republic of Serbia, as well as the current limitations encountered by the authors, the paper emphasizes a special research problem aimed at determining a more rational way of calculating the defence system costs. Considering the complexity of the mentioned research problem and the current level of the defence system structure of the Republic of Serbia, the subject of the research is based on the proposal of a certain model that will enable more precise calculation of operational costs of the Ministry of Defence and the Serbian Armed Forces. In this regard, the paper starts from the hypothetical view that the existing model of calculating the defence system costs can be improved, above all in the part of the calculation of operational costs of the Ministry of Defence and the Serbian Armed Forces. The objective of this paper is to point out the need to evaluate the current practice in spending funds and propose new solutions that will enable better mechanisms for monitoring expenditure and income, i.e. better calculation of operational costs at all levels of financing in the Ministry of Defence and the Serbian Armed Forces. The research results have confirmed the set hypothetical framework by implementation of the method of content analysis, with focus on the comparative analysis of the calculation of operational costs of personnel, weapons and military equipment and infrastructure. The paper concludes that there are objective possibilities for improving the model of calculating operational costs of the defence system.

Research data or datasets can be regarded as a catalyst to inspire new research by repurposing or combining existing research data, and grant applicants have been requested by funding institutions to include a data management plan as part of research project proposals. In addition to the metadata approach, data papers may mirror the scientific publication model as an alternative means of description and management of research data. However, there is not a common standard for all data papers across various communities. This study aimed to build up a common structural framework to investigate the embedded characteristics and structures of the content of data papers by using a content analysis approach, and 26 data journals from 16 publishers were selected as subject in this study. This study has proposed a common framework and further embodied a concept map (Candela et al. 2015) into more concrete components for the structure of data papers.

The image in general and the press image in particular has become an important visual and semantic attraction factor, but the press image has become one of the most important means of promoting the editorial material that accompanies it, and it reflects its content and essence in contrast to the emotional effects the image carries on the recipient who can form his psychological trends after reading the image accompanying the material One of the reasons for this study presented by researchers was the interest in studying the use of the press image in dealing with environmental issues, as they discovered the absence of employing the press image in dealing with environmental issues. Rather, previous studies did not address very little to that press situation despite the press image A major role in serving the rest of the press issues. The researchers used the sample survey approach for both the analytical and field sides, in addition to using the quasi-experimental approach, in contrast to the use of research tools that benefit from the current study, including a content analysis form (form and content) to conduct a study to determine the role of the press image in addressing environmental issues, where the sample was chosen from The study newspapers for 366 issues from all the newspapers (Akhbar Al-Youm + Al-Akhbar), Al-Wafd, and Al-Watan for the year 2016 starting from January 1, 2016 and ending on December 31, 2016, in addition to designing an environmental trends scale and after ensuring its validity and reliability, it was applied to 35 newspaper readers as it ended Research with a number of results, the most important of which are: Most newspapers neglected to highlight environmental issues on the top of their pages, and the study revealed the existence of significant differences due to the variation in editorial policy interests by including the press image with the news and published topics, and the study newspapers' interests, as well as the editorial policy, came to include environmental images with environmental issues and topics. Very weak, and below the required level, and the ranking of environmental images ranked eighth among the published press issues and topics, which indicates that To me there is a lack of interest in the environmental image in dealing with environmental issues. The research ended with a number of results, the most important of which are: that the majority of newspapers neglected to highlight environmental issues on the top of their pages. The study also revealed that there are significant differences due to the variation in editorial policy interests by including the press image with the news and published topics. Environmental issues are very weak and substandardThe results of the application of thescale also proved that there are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the members of the experimental group in the pre and post application of the scale of environmental trends in favor of the post application, and there are statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the members of the control group and the experimental group in the post application of the scale of environmental trends in favor of the group The research ended with,With the necessity that the editorial policies of the paper newspapers include a greater amount of presenting environmental issues and problems related to the environment on the front pages of the paper newspapers with the holding of special training courses for the editors of environmental affairs and bringing in environmental experts in this field to develop the environmental awareness of those responsible for environmental affairs in the newspapers recommendations, including an interest in including environmental issues published in paper newspapers, an environmental picture that reflects the environmental event.

The purpose of this paper has been to collected researches that have been published in JASPE journal that is showing the study of the physical activity of old people between the ages of 50 to 69. They were placed in two groups, first group was people from 50 to 59 age and second group was people with 60 to 69 ages. On these five papers that have been collected, from one to another there have been different views but all of them have had the same point and the same idea. The main point of all these papers is that physical activity must be risen to a higher level. Every research has been done by surveys and old people were giving their answers according to that what they were doing in the last 7 days for example; at work, at home, in their free time, etc. Also, all those activities had 3 groups, hard activity, medium activity, light activity. Results have been showed that physical activity of old people was on quite good level, but that level is not enough. There was a difference, between two groups. Results showed that younger group was more active than older one.

The data paper is an emerging academic genre that focuses on the description of research data objects. However, there is a lack of empirical knowledge about this rising genre in quantitative science studies, particularly from the perspective of its linguistic features. To fill this gap, this research aims to offer a first quantitative examination of which rhetorical moves-rhetorical units performing a coherent narrative function-are used in data paper abstracts, as well as how these moves are used. To this end, we developed a new classification scheme for rhetorical moves in data paper abstracts by expanding a well-received system that focuses on English-language research article abstracts. We used this expanded scheme to classify and analyze rhetorical moves used in two flagship data journals, Scientific Data and Data in Brief. We found that data papers exhibit a combination of IMRaD- and data-oriented moves and that the usage differences between the journals can be largely explained by journal policies concerning abstract and paper structure. This research offers a novel examination of how the data paper, a novel data-oriented knowledge representation, is composed, which greatly contributes to a deeper understanding of data and data publication in the scholarly communication system.

Understanding plant reproduction is an important goal in biology education. Unfortunately, various studies show that students have difficulties in connecting the stages of plant reproduction. Stude...

New Breeding Techniques such as CRISPR-Cas9 are revolutionizing plant breeding and food production. Experts believe that the social debate about these technologies could be similar to those on green genetic engineering: emotional and highly controversial. Future debate about Genome Editing could benefit from a better understanding of the GMO (genetically modified organism) controversy. Against this background, this paper (a) presents results of a content analysis of position papers criticizing green genetic engineering in Germany. In particular, (b) it focuses on the controversy as a place where normative concepts of nature are debated and become visible. Hence, the study complements existing interpretations by showing that the emerging concepts are more diverse than the familiar reductionist breakdown of the debate into anthropocentric vs. non-anthropocentric conceptions suggests.

Journal of Anthropology of Sport and Physical Education (JASPE) is a scientifi c journal that exists for three years and has so far released 107 scientifi c papers in 7 editions. Papers of lecturers from Faculty for sport and physical education were classifi ed in this paper by the method of content analysis. In last three years they have published 69 papers in total which are classiffi ed in this paper by these areas: anthropology, sports marketing, papers which analyze the content and other papers. The most published papers are from area of anthropology, 35 in total. This research can be useful for further theoretical research, as well as for theoreticians.

The objective of this research is to analyze how YouTube has been studied in the field of Internet and politics. The focus is received on two axes: i) as specificities of temporal and regional distribution and ii) as objects of study and as theoretical approaches most used in 90 articles and articles located in the field and published in Brazil, between 2005 and 2019, indexed to Google Scholar. The methodology consists in the combination of Bibliometry and Content Analysis. The data pointed that the production on YouTube at I&P grew from 2011 and that the southeast, south and northeast regions are the production centers on the analyzed theme. Also, election campaigns are found as the main object. Finally, political strategy / identity and citizenship and sociability are the two most widely used theoretical approaches in the analyzed universe.

Purposely contemplating at seventh semester students of English Education Study Progam, it is perceived that students exhibit a lack of skills in use of rhetoric, predominantly making errors in the use of words and phrases, directly translating words from Bahasa Indonesia to English – interlanguage error – and organizing their written text inadequately. Moreover, it is discovered that the viewpoints of the students frequently shift. To address this, this current study aims at investigating students’ macro-level coherence in their academic writing (henceforth; background of the study of a research proposal). A content analysis is applied including documents. Additionally, a descriptive analysis design is used to guide this study. There are six research proposals investigated to gain the data of this study. These proposals are taken purposively sampled from proposals submission from early 2018 intake. There are two main frameworks in this study. Firstly, the academic writing guidance book is used to analyze the rhetoric/organization of the paper. Secondly, the coherence analysis is applied to evaluate students’ coherence level. Analysis of findings shows that students encounter some problems in the coherence of English research proposal writing. Hence, it is argued that close attention should be paid to the refinement and suitable tutoring of coherence in the teaching of academic English writing

The existing and further scientific studies about the nature, development and evaluation of mathematical efficacy will direct mathematics teaching. Scientific proofs will provide making improvements, making effective decisions, updating curriculums in mathematics teaching. At this point, it can be stated that national and international scientific meetings have an effective role. International Classroom Teaching Education Symposium (USOS) held in Turkey in the field of elementary teaching education is an important scientific event where the studies conducted about the field are shared with scientists, undergraduates and graduates, and teachers. In this research, it is aimed to evaluate the papers towards mathematics teaching presented within the scope of USOS and published in proceeding book in last five years via descriptive content analysis. Thus, it is considered that contributive information can be presented to the researchers by providing a holistic viewpoint to mathematics teaching in primary school. As a consequence of the research, it has been determined that the number of studies conducted about mathematics teaching has increased in last five years. In terms of publishing language, the studies are in Turkish. The studies were generally conducted by academics and two authors. All of the researches related to mathematics education were conducted by Turkish researchers although USOS is an international scientific event. In terms of research field, it has been seen that the number of the studies done in the field of geometry and examining mathematics and geometry together is quite few. Mostly the studies related to problems and numbers were focused in terms of mathematics subject. In terms of study group/sample, the researches were conducted with elementary students, pre-service elementary teachers and elementary teachers. In terms of research model/pattern, survey and case studies were preferred by a majority. Besides, it has been recognized that the information of research model/pattern was not stated in a majority of researches. As a data collection tool; test, interview form, scale, open-ended question and questionnaire were mostly used. Again in some studies, the information about data collection tool was not given. As data analysis technique, content analysis and predictive statistical techniques were most commonly used. In a majority of the studies, the information about data analysis technique was not given.

o El propósito de este estudio es describir el estado actual de la publicación de investigaciones y las tendencias en el aprendizaje invertido, que se encuentran en "Web of Science" durante el período 2014-2018. Hay 262 artículos investigados, publicados e indexados en "Web of Science" con la palabra clave: "aprendizaje invertido" y "aula invertida". Los resultados del estudio se analizan según la revista de publicación según estos criterios: autor, países, agencias de financiación, tipos de documentos, idiomas, organización, años de publicación y título de la fuente. El aprendizaje invertido cambia la clase tradicional dando la vuelta al aula en el sentido de escuchar las videoconferencias en casa y realizar actividades dinámicas en grupo en el aula. Esto involucra a los estudiantes en el aprendizaje activo, el pensamiento crítico y mejora las habilidades interpersonales.Se recomienda a los autores explorar la posibilidad de utilizar este método, experimentar y publicar los hallazgos que permitan crear mejores prácticas y un marco unificado para instructores líderes que deseen adoptar esta metodología de enseñanza. Palabras clave: aprendizaje invertido, aula invertida, análisis de contenido, The purpose of this study is to describe the current state of research publication and trends in flipped learning, found on ‘Web of Science’ during the period 2014–2018. There are 262 papers investigated, published and indexed on ‘Web of Science’ with the keyword: “flipped learning” and “flipped classroom”. The results of the study are analysed according to the journal of publication by these criteria: author, countries, funding agencies, document types, languages, organisation, publication years and source title. Flipped learning changes the traditional lecturing by flipping the classroom in the sense of listening to the video lectures at home and doing dynamic, group-based activities in the classroom. This engages the students in active learning, critical thinking, and meliorates interpersonal skills.It is recommended to authors to explore the possibility of utilising this method, experimenting and publish the findings which allows to create best practices and a unified framework for leading instructors who want to adopt this teaching methodology. Keywords: Flipped learning, flipped classroom, content analysis

Content analysis is the process of turning text into data, with either automated or manual techniques, and it provides a feasible and attractive option for undergraduate students to develop and utilize original data. This article presents a cohesive framework for teaching computerized content analysis in undergraduate political science courses. The article discusses examples of how we have taught the techniques in our own classrooms and provides a framework for a content-analysis research assignment. We describe coding, sources of text data available to students, software recommendations appropriate for students, and write-up issues. In the process, we also discuss various learning opportunities that arise from both the strengths and weaknesses of computerized content analysis as a methodological strategy.

Purposes: This research is to know how the two online media report the conflict between Israel-Palestine perceived from the topics and the content. The analysis used in this study using the methods of discourse analysis and content analysis to get the answers to the formulation of the problem. Methodology/Approach: Content analysis was conducted to answer the formulation of the problem (quantitative method) using the chi-square. This study examined the entire contents of the news of the two online news media republika.co.id and kompas.com on the conflict between Israel and Palestine reported during 2009-2010. We use all data population is 1403 news. Findings: News categories: attack, cease fire, and expansion are significantly not different between the years 2009 to 2010 of the online news media studied (kompas and republika), it can be seen on the acquisition value of χ2) or has a probability value >0.05. The seven categories of news, namely: negotiation, agreement, demonstration, victim, cooperation, offensive, and assistance have value χ2> 3.84 ( ) or have a probability value

This paper addresses the subject of letters to the editor as one of the longest standing forums for public discussion and debate by ordinary citizens. To show how the voice of ordinary citizens is presented in letters to the editor during national election campaigns over a period of ten years (2008, 2013 & 2017), we are focusing on the Austrian Kronen Zeitung: A newspaper with an exceptionally high market share of up to 40% during the examination period, a heavy focus on the letters section with three pages per day, and a self-declared willingness to take a stance, especially during election periods. Based on a quantitative content analysis of 530 letters to the editor and 525 articles in the politics section as well as survey data from the Austrian national election study on the political positions of the Kronen Zeitung’s readers, we find that letters to the editor in the Kronen Zeitung do not reflect, but complement the articles in the politics section. The tone of the letters is more negative than that of news articles, but the letters closely reflect the readers’ political positions, therefore offering identification with the paper.

In the study, the data for the field of visual arts in BILSEM have been revealed by studying postgraduate theses and articles related to the field of Visual Arts given in Science and Art Centers in between 2007-2017. In the research, the document was examined with the scanning model. In the scope of the research, it has been scanned from Google Scholar with keywords such as "BILSEM", "Art Education", "Visual Arts Education" and "Linear Development" in the YÖK database thesis and related theses and articles between the years 2007-2017 examined in terms of type, subject, sample, university and institute, national/ international, thesis method, data collection tools. In laser scanning, Visual Arts given in BILSEM in 2007-2017 years in Turkey related to Education "Science and Art Centers", "BILSEM", "Arts Education", "Visual Arts Education" and "Linear Development" screening using keywords according to the results of 6 theses (4 Master, 2 PhD) and 8 articles have been found. According to the results of the study, it is seen that there are no postgraduate thesis and articles about Visual Arts Education given in BILSEMs in 2009, 2010 and 2011, and studies have been intensified in between 2012-2017. © 2018 by authors, all rights reserved.

Researchers typically need to filter several academic papers to find those relevant to their research. This filtering is cumbersome and time-consuming because the number of published academic papers is growing exponentially. Some researchers have focused on developing better recommender systems for academic papers by using citation analysis and content analysis. Most traditional content analysis is implemented using a keyword matching process, and thus it cannot consider the semantic contexts of items. Further, citation analysis-based techniques rely on the number of links directly citing or being cited in a single-level network. Consequently, it may be difficult to recommend the appropriate papers when the paper of interest does not have enough citation information. To address these problems, we propose a recommendation system for academic papers that combines citation analysis and network analysis. The proposed method is based on multilevel citation networks that compare all the indirectly linked papers to the paper of interest to inspect the structural and semantic relationships among them. Thus, the proposed method tends to recommend informative and useful papers related to both the research topic and the academic theory. The comparison results based on real data showed that the proposed method outperformed the Google Scholar and SCOPUS algorithms.

Research literature terminology illustrates that publications claim to pertain to “disciplinary” approaches and researcher’s align themselves to specific, multi-, inter- or trans-disciplinarities. Ambiguity exists in definition and application of disciplinarity, hence there is need to establish a coherent application of disciplinarity. We present results of content analysis of research literature claiming to be inter-, multi-, or transdisciplinary to assist in ascertaining commonalities or differences for those disciplinarities. We analyse the abstracts and keywords of 8834 papers, using n-grams and bi-grams, dating from 1970 until 2018, extracting a list of 76,552 terms for comparison. The top 15 most frequent terms characterise each disciplinarity and Venn diagrams of the top 15 features illustrate differences and overlap. A total of six terms appear common to all approaches in the abstracts, with four shared by multi- and inter-, two between inter- and trans-, and none common to multi- and trans-. The term “social science(s)” appears to be a unique feature in the trans- abstracts and our findings identify common text terms such as the “research” feature, common to all disciplinarities. This supports characterising the nature of transdisciplinarity and its unique differences from other approaches such as inclusion of social science(s).

The tradition of reflective teaching has been around for thirty-four years since Schӧn (1983) first proposed the notion of reflective practice. Many studies heavily rely on written genres in the investigation of teachers’ reflective practices. Thematic categories were threshed out through content and descriptive analyses. However, these themes were not culled from the clauses of mental processes employed by the teachers to express their inner world of experiences. This exploratory study proposed the transitivity model in Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) to generate the mental processes from reflection papers. Initial papers with 17,937 word tokens were produced by 28 teachers of English enrolled in a writing course. All processes were generated by UAM Corpus Tool. The themes generated from the Phenomena felt, thought of, sensed, desired, and perceived by the Senser were culled using content analysis. Results show that teachers are still boxed within the default material and relational processes. Results demonstrate that they employed higher mental types of sensing such as cognitive and desiderative. Based on the Phenomena, the top themes include: (1) commendations for the course professor, (2) writing process, its challenges, nature, and concepts, and (3) actual classroom experiences, learnings, and the subject. Although the results corroborate with the themes identified in previous studies, these present themes may be treated as valid and more realistic views and dimensions of reflective practices. This exploratory study suggests that the Phenomenon in the mental processes may be an ideal situs of looking into teachers’ human internal affairs as reflective practitioners. Keywords: reflective pedagogy; reflection; transitivity; Systemic Functional Linguistics; teacher education

The purposes of this study were to examine the extent to which literature was used to discuss findings in selected papers from Zimbabwe Journal, and to compare the quality of reviews in this journal with other international journals. The study was largely qualitative in nature and used convenient sampling. In the study, the Zimbabwe Journal was chosen because of easy access. Three papers were conveniently selected based on personal interest and areas previously studied. Content analysis was used to compare the quality of discussion of literature in the sampled papers. Findings suggest that authors cite relevant literature extensively in the background to the study but use the same literature sparingly in the discussion of their results. Further, in the discussion of findings, the use of literature was limited to confirming what was already known, and does not show how the new studies reported contribute to knowledge. The study concluded that the journal studied was failing to attract authors who write high quality papers. Perhaps the journal should broaden its brief and target an international audience, because at present as evident in the three cases cited, the journal can only reach out to practitioners within (Southern) Africa. Key words: Literature review, information and communications technology (ICT), mentoring, science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM).

The purpose of this study was to analyze the research trends of elementary mathematics education with regard to the topics, methods, subjects, and mathematical contents of such research. For this purpose, the papers published in domestic journals during the recent 5 years (2004-2009) were analyzed. A total of 383 papers from 8 professional journals were analyzed with the 4 criteria. First, the frequent research topics included instructional design and methods, learners' perspectives and abilities, and analysis of curriculum and textbooks in order. Second, qualitative research methodology was used twice as many as quantitative one. Whereas a survey was the most frequent quantitative research method, content analysis and case study were for qualitative methods. Third, research subjects included mainly typical students, specifically fifth and sixth graders. Papers dealing with lower graders or low-achievers as well as pre-service teachers were rare. Lastly, whereas the research on geometry as well as number and operations was active, that of measurement as well as probability and statistics was not. On the basis of these results, this paper includes several implications for the future research direction in elementary mathematics education.

The citation analysis methods, based on knowledge atlas and social network, which have been already applied in the academic research fields are getting more and more widespread. This paper combines the method of content analysis with the one of information visualization, and uses the analysis method based on concurrence matrix knowledge atlas and social network through analyzing the research directions, the academic community relationships, the foreign cooperated relationships, etc. on the academic papers in Zhejiang Open University system in recent 10 years. And then this paper also finds out the problems in the scientific research by multi-dimensional scaling analysis and clustering results. Therefore, the author gives some suggestions on how Zhejiang Open University focuses its scientific research orientation in future.

Background. Suicide is a global public health problem too often neglected by researchers and Bangladesh is not an exception. There is no suicide surveillance and nationwide study is yet to be conducted in the country.Objectives. This paper aimed to look into suicide based on newspaper reporting in Bangladesh focusing on the demographic variables and risk factors.Methods. 6 national newspapers were scrutinized from November 2016 to April 2017. Data were checked, cross-checked, and then analyzed with SPSS software.Results. In a duration of six months, a total of 271 cases were reported; age was found to be in the range of 11–70 years (26.67±13.47). 61% of the reported cases were below 30 years of age, 58% were female, 24% were students, 17% were house makers, 61% were from rural background, and 45% were married. Hanging was found to be the commonest method (82.29%); marital and familial discord remained a noticeable risk factor (34.32%). Family members and neighbors noticed 103 cases, and only 3 cases were found to have suicide notes.Conclusion. Suicide is an underattended public health problem in Bangladesh with few researches and paucity of literature. Establishment of national suicide surveillance is now a time demanded step.

This qualitative study investigated how pre-service teachers of English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) experienced and learned from their completion of a reflective project, including a reflection paper and digital storytelling. The participants were 20 graduate students in a program for Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) at a university in the United States. This study aimed to identify participants’ experiences when completing the project and its influences on their learning. The findings demonstrated their diverse performance and perspectives during the tasks, as well as their learning in language, culture, education, and technology. Based on these findings, dialogic hybrid learning and the pedagogical implications are discussed.

The Agenda-setting Theory is considered from the theories of moderate influence that points to the influence of the media on the public, in a general perspective not a direct one, as this influence depends on multiple intermediate factors that either strengthen or weaken that relationship. The Agenda-setting theory means that the media has the ability to direct the attention and interest of the public towards certain issues consequently causing the public to identify them as important issues. In this study, the researcher sought to find out the role of the Egyptian newspapers in ordering the priorities of environmental issues of university students, also this study is categorized under descriptive studies that uses survey and comparative methodologies ,also employing questionnaires to find out the interest and knowledge of university students related to environmental problems and Issues and how they prioritize them in their point of view and Also use content analysis to analyze Egyptian newspapers such as “Al-akhbar” newspapers, Al-Wafad Party, the independent Al-Masry Al-Yom In the year 2016 this study was chosen to analyze the contents of newspapers due to several factors most notably, the organization of “akhbar elyoum” foundation of the campaign “helwa ya balady” during the months of summer to take care of the environment and to take advantage of the rubbish and recycle them in addition to organizing the conference on climate change in Morraco in 2016. Also this study was chosen to be applied in several government and private Universities; Cairo University, Ain-shams University, 6th of october University and akhbar elyoum Academy in order to discover how government and private University students think of environmental problems and Issues and how to deal with them, in addition to choosing “Al-akhbar” newspapers to represent national newspapers, “Al-Wafd” to represent political party newspapers and “Al-Masry El-Youm ” to represent independent newspapers, One of the most important results was the existence of a statistically significant correlation between the ranking of newspapers for the priorities of environmental issues and the prioritization of the same issues among the university youth under study. The most important recommendations include increasing specialized studies of environmental issues and increasing the area allocated for presenting environmental issues within the Egyptian newspapers

PurposeSince its introduction in 2006, messages posted to the microblogging system Twitter have provided a rich dataset for researchers, leading to the publication of over a thousand academic papers. This paper aims to identify this published work and to classify it in order to understand Twitter based research.Design/methodology/approachFirstly the papers on Twitter were identified. Secondly, following a review of the literature, a classification of the dimensions of microblogging research was established. Thirdly, papers were qualitatively classified using open coded content analysis, based on the paper's title and abstract, in order to analyze method, subject, and approach.FindingsThe majority of published work relating to Twitter concentrates on aspects of the messages sent and details of the users. A variety of methodological approaches is used across a range of identified domains.Research limitations/implicationsThis work reviewed the abstracts of all papers available via database search on the term “Twitter” and this has two major implications: the full papers are not considered and so works may be misclassified if their abstract is not clear; publications not indexed by the databases, such as book chapters, are not included. The study is focussed on microblogging, the applicability of the approach to other media is not considered.Originality/valueTo date there has not been an overarching study to look at the methods and purpose of those using Twitter as a research subject. The paper's major contribution is to scope out papers published on Twitter until the close of 2011. The classification derived here will provide a framework within which researchers studying Twitter related topics will be able to position and ground their work.

This study aimed to analyse the recent trends of language learning strategies in English Language Teaching (ELT) domain. Understanding and effective utilization of these learning strategies is vital in ELT. Content analysis approach has been chosen in order to provide a better idea of strategies used for future researcher and academic practitioner involve in English language learning and teaching. Content analysis are the best way to provide a bigger picture of any research area. A (45) number of articles have been analysed to define criteria in the research. The findings provide a clear picture of research approach, sample size, participants’ profile, analysis technique and data collection instruments adopted by previous authors from their papers conducted study on Language Learning Strategies (LLS).

This study applied a content analysis methodology in two ways to evaluate first-year students’ research topics: a rubric to examine proposed topics in terms of scope, development, and the “researchability” of the topic, as well as textual analysis, using ATLAS.ti, to provide an overview of the types of subjects students select for a persuasive research essay. Results indicated that students struggle with defining an appropriate and feasible focus for their topics and that they often select topics related to education, health, and the environment. These findings were used to implement a new information literacy instruction model that better supports student topic development.

Background and objectives With an increasing number of racial/ethnic minorities in the U.S., nursing research frequently involves the use of multiple languages, especially to promote the understanding of educational materials related to nursing care. Furthermore, with a recent emphasis on innovation in health-related research, the use of technology is prominent in nursing research. However, practical issues in the use of multiple languages, especially in technology-based intervention studies, have rarely been reported and/or discussed in nursing literature. The purpose of this paper is to identify practical issues in conducting a technology-based intervention study using multiple languages among Asian American breast cancer survivors. Methods In a large-scale technology-based breast cancer intervention study, research team members wrote memos on issues in translation process and plausible reasons for the issues. Then, the memos and written records were analyzed using a content analysis. By using individual words as the unit of analysis, line-by-line coding was done, and idea categories representing practical issues were extracted from the codes. Results Six themes representing the practical issues were extracted. Issues were found in recruiting and retaining bilingual research team members; maintaining consistency in translation process; keeping cultural and conceptual equivalence; repeating IRB protocol modifications; finding and using existing translated versions; and arranging technological aspects related to electronic multiple-language versions. Conclusion The use of multiple languages in a technology-based intervention study is feasible. However, it is necessary to effectively manage unforeseen challenges through various strategies.

Purpose: Recent advances in computer and mobile technologies have brought increasing usages of IT technology in nursing research across nursing fields. Despite the increasing usages, there has been little discussion on methodological issues involved in nursing research using IT technology. This is a discussion paper to identify methodological issues in IT technology-based nursing research. Methods: An analysis was done using content analysis on research team meeting minutes and research team members’ research diaries in a clinical trial that tested the efficacy of a technology-based intervention. First, several major categories of IT technology-based nursing research are concisely summarized. Then, the method that was used for this analysis is presented. Results: The findings are presented as themes reflecting methodological issues in IT technology-based research: (a) difficulties in recruitment due to necessary technology literacy; (b) facilitating recruitment through allowing the use of multiple languages; (c) participants’ preferences for specific IT technology; (d) efforts needed to ensure technological security; (e) participants’ preferences for design; and (f) necessary considerations on timing. Conclusion: Finally, future directions for nursing research using IT technology are proposed based on the identified issues.

This paper provides a descriptive content analysis of biology education research papers published in eight major academic journals indexed in Social Science Citation Index [SSCI] of Thomson Reuters® from 1997 to 2014. Total of 1376 biology education research [BER] papers were examined. The findings indicated that most of the papers were published in the JBE and IJSE, and frequently studied topics were environment and ecology, genetics and biotechnology, and animal form and function. The findings were also indicated that learning, teaching and attitudes was in the forefront as the frequently investigated subject matters, undergraduate and secondary school students were mostly preferred as sample group and sample size mostly varies between 31-100 and 101-300. In addition, it was found out that interactive qualitative research designs were mostly preferred. Besides, that single data collection tool was generally used and this data collection tool included questionnaires, interviews and documents. Finally, frequency/percentage tables, central tendency measures, statistical analysis such as t-test and ANOVA/ANCOVA and content analysis were commonly used as data analysis.

Among the different units of a university, it is the graduate school department which can be considered as the main breeding ground of future researchers. As such, the study intended to investigate the profile, themes and trends of the research papers produced by the UIC graduate school program for five years, from AY 2007-2008 until AY 2011-2012. Using content analysis, the study found that 65% of the manuscripts were master’s theses and 35% were dissertations. The PHDEL students were conducting the most dissertations and the MAEM students are conducting the most theses. School year 2008-2009 was the most productive year for both the doctoral and master’s programs. There were more research papers using only two variables are conducted only in one school, and utilizing students as respondents. There are also more manuscripts using descriptive correlation as research design and chose academic performance as research topic. Twenty-five percent of the manuscripts had research outputs with intervention programs as the most preferred type of output. Five trends were revealed and these are: decrease in research production in the doctoral program; students as respondents, two variables, and one school as research scope; descriptive correlation as research design; academic performance as research topic; and intervention program as research output. Keywords: Trends and themes, research papers, graduate school, UIC, descriptive correlation, Davao City, Philippines.

The purpose of this study was to carry out a content analysis on the papers published in high-impact educational journals between 2009 and 2014 and to identify the trends over the selected years. The criteria for the analysis were; number of authors, time between the submission and publication of the papers, keywords, the field and rationale of the study, sample size, descriptions of participants, data collection tools and analysis, and software. The current study was designed as a descriptive content analysis study and utilized a purposive sampling technique. A total of 789 papers were selected from the “Journal of Educational Psychology”, “Educational Psychologist”, “Educational Researcher” and “American Education Research Journal”. Content analysis was employed to analyze the collected data. The results of the analyses showed that the most commonly studied fields were educational psychology, linguistic properties and mathematics in the four journals. In terms of the content, the rationales for writing the papers were generally related to gaps in the literature and theoretical discussion. It was found that generally, studies involving research were conducted with elementary/high school students and data was collected from large samples (larger than 10000) using achievement tests and questionnaires. It was revealed that concerning the trends in data analysis methods, there was a similar pattern from 1970s to date, and generally, multilevel modelling was used when appropriate to the data sets. This situation indicates standard data analyses are essential for researchers. From the findings of the current study, it is recommended for researchers to work with heterogenous sample and various types of participants together (family, teacher, peer, etc.)., Bu araştırmacının amacı, 2009-2014 yılları arasında en yüksek beş yıllık etki faktörüne sahip eğitim bilimleri alanındaki uluslararası dergilerde yayımlanan makaleleri, belirlenen ölçütlere göre inceleyerek yıllara göre eğilimlerini belirlemektir. Bu amaçla; makalelerdeki yazar sayısı, yayımlanma süresi, anahtar kelimeler, konu alanı, araştırmanın yapılma ihtiyacı, evren-örneklem/çalışma grubunun büyüklüğü ve özellikleri, veri toplama tekniklerinin/araçlarının özellikleri, verilerin analizinde kullanılan yöntemler/teknikler ve paket programlar ölçüt olarak seçilmiştir. Betimsel içerik analizi modelinde olan araştırmada, amaçlı örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen “Journal of Educational Psychology”, “Educational Psychologist”, “Educational Researcher” ve “American Education Research Journal” dergilerinde yayımlanan 789 makale incelenmiştir. Verilerin analizinde, içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Analizler sonucu, en yüksek etki faktörüne sahip eğitim dergilerinde en fazla çalışan konu alanlarının, eğitim psikolojisi, dil becerileri ve matematik olduğu görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte, bu çalışmaların yapılma ihtiyaçları genellikle alan yazındaki eksiklikler ve kuramsal tartışmadır. Ayrıca, çalışmalar daha çok ilköğretim ve lise öğrencileri ve büyük örneklemler (10000 den büyük) üzerinde yürütülürken; çalışmalarda en fazla başarı testi ve anketlerle veriler toplanmaktadır. Yapılan incelemeler sonucu, verilerin doğasına uygun olarak çok düzeyli modelleme çalışmaları yapıldığı görülmekle birlikte sık kullanılan veri analiz yöntemlerindeki eğilimlerin 1970’lerden günümüze benzer olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu durum, standart veri analiz yöntemlerinden vazgeçilemediğini göstermektedir. İncelenen özellikler çerçevesinde araştırmacılara, çalışılan örneklemlerde heterojenliğin (aile, öğretmen, akran vb.) sağlanmasına dikkat etmeleri önerilmektedir.

A This paper presents a various literatures, studies, transcripts and papers aiming to provide an overview of some theories and existing research on the significance of natural environments and green open spaces to achieve social interaction and outdoor recreation. The main objective of the paper is to identify the factors that affecting social interaction in green open spaces, through proving that an appropriate open spaces is important to enhance social interaction and community. This study employs (qualitative) summarizing content analysis method which mainly focused on collect and summarizing of documentation such as transcripts, articles, papers, and books from more than 25 source, regarding the importance of public open spaces for the community. The summarizing content analysis of this paper is the fundament for a qualitative oriented procedure of text interpretation used to analyse the information gathered. Results of this study confirms that sound social interaction need an appropriate physical space including criteria of: design, activities, access and linkage, administration and maintenance, place attachment and users' characteristics, also previous studies in this area have a health perspective with measures of physical activity of open spaces in general.

SERJ has provided a high quality professional publication venue for researchers in statistics education for close to a decade. This paper presents a review of the articles published to explore what they suggest about the field of statistics education, the researchers, the questions addressed, and the growing knowledge base on teaching and learning statistics. We present a detailed analysis of these articles in order to address the following questions: What is being published and why, who is publishing research in SERJ, how is the research being carried out, and what do the results suggest about future research? Implications for future directions in statistics education research are suggested. First published November 2011 at Statistics Education Research Journal: Archives

This research aimed to describe the form of errors in using affixation in Indonesian Language paper written by Thai students. The data were words and sentences that contained errors. The research was qualitative research using content analysis method. This research used interactive model data analysis through three steps. Those were data reduction, presentation of data, as well as conclusion and verification. The results show that there are some errors; 72 errors in using affixation: 21 or 29% errors in prefix, 9 or 13% errors in suffix, 9 or 13% errors in confix, and 33 or 46% errors klofiks (combination of affixes). The error is caused by two factors; 7% of interlingual errors and intralingual factor including 7% of overgeneralization and 86% of ignorance of rule restriction. However, the results also show that Thai students have not mastered or understood the structure of Indonesian language. The results can be used to develop the techniques of teaching Indonesian structure, especially the use of affixation. Therefore, the Thai students can improve the ability to use Indonesian language by channeling it in academic writing.

This study aimed to describes the form of errors of using letters that found in Indonesian paper made by Thai students. The data in this study were words and sentences that contained errors. The research is a qualitative research using content analysis method. This research used model data analysis of James, through four steps, first Elicitation and Registration, second Error Identification, third categorizing the errors and the last Diagnosis. The results show that there are 118 errors of using letters: 1) capital letters there are 54 or48% errors, 2) italic there are 23 or 19% errors, and 3) bold there are 35 or 35% errors. The error is caused by ignorance of rule restriction of intralingual factor was 118 or 100% errors. However, the results of the study showed that students have not mastered or understand the structure of Indonesian Language. The results of this study can be used to develop the techniques of teaching Indonesian structure, especially in the field of use letters so; students could improve the ability of using Indonesian language that will be poured into academic writing properly and correctly. Keyword: error analysis, the use of letters, Indonesian language

Recent research documents how party rules, election reforms, and the growth of primaries and caucuses have greatly changed the presidential nomination process. Acknowledging that most Americans get their information about presidential candidates through the news and that mass media have played a significant role in introducing candidates to potential voters, I conduct an longitudinal content analysis of the New York Times articles to ethnographically explain how language, article placement and content in ‘America's Paper’ has significantly impacted the framing of black presidential candidates' pre-primary presidential campaigns. In particular, the data reveal how the newspaper's coverage of the candidates appears to vary based on perceived viability and as willingness to vote for a black president increases.

The purpose of this paper is to provide future directions for the usage of Internet communities (ICs) for recruitment of research participants based on issues raised in an Internet survey among 132 cancer patients. About 317 general and 233 ethnic-specific Internet Cancer Support Groups and 1588 ethnic-specific ICs were contacted to recruit cancer patients. Research staff recorded issues and wrote memos during the recruitment process. The written memos and records were later analyzed using content analysis. The issues included: (a) difficulty in identifying appropriate ICs and potential participants, (b) meta-tags, (c) dominant white and women groups, (d) dynamics inside ICs, (e) difficulty in trust building, and (f) potential selection bias. The findings suggest that researchers thoroughly review the ICs' information, be recognizant of potential gender and ethnic issues and current trends in Internet interaction, and consider potential selection bias.

The purpose of this research was to compare the students’ writing achievement scores and attitudes toward the use of self-correction, paper-pencil peer feedback, and electronic peer feedback. The study was conducted with 90 engineering students having different levels of general English proficiency in a 3x3 factorial design. They were randomly selected and assigned into three groups: 1) self-correction, 2) paper-pencil peer feedback, and 3) electronic peer feedback. At the beginning of the course, the students in the first group were trained in how to do self-correction while the students in groups 2 and 3 were trained in how to provide comments to their classmates effectively via the medium assigned. The data were analyzed by using two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), descriptive statistics, and content analysis. The questionnaire, interview, and students’ writing journals were used to gain more in-depth data. The results revealed that the different types of feedback had a significantly different effect on the students’ writing achievement. The students in the electronic peer feedback group performed the best. The students in different ability groups all performed differently, while there was no interaction effect between types of feedback and levels of general English proficiency on the students’ writing achievement. The students in the three experimental groups had highly positive attitudes in most aspects explored. Qualitative findings also provided some useful information for pedagogical implications for EFL writing classes, especially opportunities and challenges regarding the use of this alternative assessment in a writing class. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2013.v2n3p157

Contains fulltext : 54470.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) In deze bijdrage doen we verslag van onderzoek naar 18 jaar dagbladberichtgeving over ver rechts in Nederland. Hoewel er her en der, ook in wetenschappelijk verband, stevige uitspraken worden gedaan over de manier waarop de pers schrijft over ver rechts (denk aan de gevleugelde begrippen ‘doodzwijgen’ en 'demoniseren'), is er tot op heden nauwelijks onderzoek gedaan naar de inhoud van die berichtgeving over ver rechts. In deze studie doen we dat door op systematische wijze verschillende inhoudelijke aspecten van media-aandacht over langere tijd te bestuderen. Sinds 1986 is de focus in de dagbladberichtgeving over ver rechts in Nederland wezenlijk veranderd. De aandacht bleef al die tijd voornamelijk gericht op de meest controversiële aspecten van ver rechts. Ver rechts bleef geportretteerd worden als buitenstaanders, ook als ver rechtse partijen participeerden in de volksvertegenwoordiging. Maar de aandacht nuanceerde en verbreedde zich enigszins vanaf de tweede helft van de jaren negentig. Pas in 2004 leek er in de aandacht van de Nederlandse kranten een omslag voor te doen. 13 p.