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Purpose Within the next 20–30 years, adaptive reuse will have the greatest potential to reduce the built environment's environmental impact. Despite this, stakeholders still do not have sufficient points of reference in justifying and evaluating their adaptation practice decisions. The decision to reuse a building involves a complex set of considerations, including economic, social, environmental, legislative and architectural issues. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the unique decision-making criteria among stakeholders when considering adaptive reuse of an existing building asset in Malaysian heritage cities. Design/Methodology/Approach Thirty (30) unique criteria of decision-making were identified through a detailed literature review. The quantitative method of a self-completion questionnaire survey was conducted among stakeholders, including architects, valuers, planners, government department, developers and building owners. There were asked about their opinion and view on the criteria that could have influenced the decision-making in considering the adaptive reuse of the existing buildings in two heritage cities in the states of Penang and Malacca, Malaysia. Thus, it is the aim of this paper to evaluate and reveal the key criteria pertaining to this. Findings The analysis shows that there are seven key criteria that influence the decision-making of adaptive reuse of existing building: building value; building suitability; structural condition; official plan and zoning; building code; client requirement and heritage designated. In this regard, while “building value” factors were the key determinants in deciding whether to reuse or demolish, the asset’s suitability and structural condition, as well as rules, were also taken into account. Additionally, the environmental, economic and social tenets of sustainability were also identified as important, but were given less weight in matters concerning reuse. And due to the fact that many of the existing buildings are rapidly becoming obsolete, they are now increasingly being prioritized during the adaptive reuse decision-making process to ensure long-term outcomes. Research Limitations/Implications The research is limited owing to the difficulty in obtaining accurate information concerning the number of decision agents who have been involved in the adaptive reuse of existing buildings. Thus, the respondents in this research were randomly selected. Due to this limitation, the result does not encompass the whole Malaysia, only the stakeholders in Penang and Malacca have been selected the respondents in this study as these states are listed in the UNESCO World Heritage. Social Implications When deciding whether to reuse or demolish an existing building, the proposed criteria will outline the crucial areas that must be examined by owners, developers and key project stakeholders. It can also be used to assess the financial, physical and social aspects of a cultural project. Originality/Value This paper adds to the body of knowledge concerning decision-making criteria for adaptive reuse strategies in achieving heritage city sustainability.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a framework for the adaptive re-use of wheat milling buildings setting in modern urban contexts in Jordan. This paper also aims to highlight the industrial heritage with a focus on wheat milling buildings, which date back to the beginning of the 20th century, as they document and represent significant aspects of the socio-cultural history of Jordan.Design/methodology/approachThe approach to this statement will be through a theoretical investigation into the notion of industrial heritage, a historical overview of wheat milling in Jordan, as well as a case study analysis to support the theoretical framework following a value-based approach for the case of Baboor Al-Qisar. Baboor Al-Qisar is a wheat milling structure that the Department of Antiquities (DoA) is willing to adaptively reuse as an industrial museum that tells the local narrative of wheat milling and points out the non-physical values associated with the building’s original use.FindingsThe paper introduces a framework for wheat milling buildings incorporation within the modern urban context as industrial heritage museums or socio-cultural facilities. The findings offer a reflection on approaching similar case studies as a tool for their conservation, management and promotion to create new tourist destinations as a form of sustainable urban regeneration.Originality/valueThis research bridges the gap between practice and theory in terms of adaptive reuse strategies within the Jordanian local context. No similar studies have been done on wheat milling structures from the 20th century in the country with local community engagement as an integral part that is carried out within the functionality and future use of the site.

PurposeThis paper investigates the current practices of adaptive reuse projects, within the context of architecture, engineering, construction and facilities management (ACE/FM) industries.Design/methodology/approachA mixed research methodology, combining qualitative and quantitative techniques, was followed. Literature review was performed to comprehend various aspects pertaining to building adaptive reuse. Three questionnaire surveys were administered on 90 AEC/FM practitioners, to investigate the current practices of adaptive reuse projects in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire surveys were directed to 30 architects/engineers (A/Es), 30 contractors and 30 facilities managers, respectively, through face-to-face interviews. The qualitative and quantitative findings of each questionnaire survey were analyzed. Recommendations were proposed for each of the professional domains, to enhance the overall AEC/FM performance in future adaptive reuse projects.FindingsThe findings pointed out the necessity of accurately planning and designing the adaptive reuse in accordance with the spatial, technical, legislative, economic and functional considerations. The findings revealed the significance of contractors' role in conducting effective supervision over the managerial and technical processes during the implementation of the change of use. It also indicated the importance of the facilities managers' role in performing all daily operational activities, to maintain satisfactory performance of the adaptively reused buildings.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the relevant literature to the building adaptation, through investigating the perspectives of AEC/FM practitioners on adaptive reuse projects. The findings would enable AEC/FM practitioners to improve their professional practices in future adaptive reuse projects, in an integrated manner.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the planned urban renewal and re-scripting of Riyadh’s downtown as part of the capital’s aim to become a globally recognized city. Specifically, this paper examines in how far internationally established values and narratives are leveraged in the creation of an urban mega-destination that seeks to attract a transnational class of knowledge workers and tourists. The question is explored, in how far and to what extent urban heritage sites and iconic architectural projects are used as strategic tools to promote a process of cultural and economic transformation and in how far the resulting symbolic capital is leveraged to create a status of singularization that appeals to a national and international audience. This study investigates several neighborhoods in the area, analyzing how these will be transformed by Riyadh’s plan to turn the downtown into a commercially viable mixed-use destination by means of designated heritage destinations and iconic architecture. Design/methodology/approach This paper examines the views and experiences of governmental agencies, architects, developers and residents who are directly or indirectly involved with the planned restructuring of Riyadh’s historical downtown. In total, 40 semi-structured interviews were drawn from this stakeholder group to investigate their current understanding of the downtown associated with the effort to convert Riyadh’s historical downtown into a profitable urban destination. Five of these interviews were conducted with involved planning offices, and 35 with current residents in the area. In addition, a detailed site survey was conducted through a series of maps to reveal existing land uses, building typologies, states of disrepair, activity levels, pedestrian and car circulation patterns, as well as landmarks, and public spaces in each of the areas. Findings The subsequent data show that despite many positive outcomes in terms of commercial redevelopment, the adaptive reuse of the existing urban fabric is not considered, nor the preservation of underutilized or abandoned buildings along with its resident diverse communities, activities and milieus, many of which carry on evolving traditions. Research limitations/implications This is significant because this paper presents a massive case study that ties into a larger debate on cultural globalization where similar practices around the world entail a spatial reorientation of urban districts to attract a transnational cosmopolitan middle class along with a simultaneous displacement of diverse and migrant communities, albeit on a much larger scale. While highlighting the rationale and effectiveness of this approach to create a well-packaged commodity, this paper also underscores the ambiguous consequences of this strategy, which entails the loss of a layered urban fabric that documents the city’s evolution through different economic periods, along with the dispersal of migrant communities and their vernacular practices. Social implications Within this context, the current cultural value of the downtown as a heterogeneous, dynamic and multilayered fabric is debated, which documents the socio-economic conditions of the times in which these layers were formed. Departing from the UNESCO’s 2011 Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape and globally accepted sustainability standards, this study contrasts the proposed top-down tabula rasa approach proposed by the local authorities with an inclusive bottom-up approach, which would focus on the adaptive reuse of existing structures by taking into consideration the social meanings of belonging that heritage has for contemporary communities while fostering a more inclusive understanding of heritage as an ongoing cultural process. Originality/value The implications of the planned conversion of Riyadh’s historical downtown into an urban destination have not been previously explored and as a result, there is a conflict of interest between the creation of a marketable image, the preservation of heritage values, sustainable urban practices, social inclusion and Riyadh’s aim to become a globally recognized city. Plain abstract This paper explores the employment of urban renewal and city branding within the context of Riyadh’s aim to become a world city. Within this framework, the paper examines the capital’s plan to convert the historic downtown into a mega-destination for the country’s middle class and national and international tourists.

This paper presents the topic of postindustrial structures as crucial elements shaping the image of contemporary cities and it demonstrates their value against the background of the evolution of the concept of the industrial culture heritage. Irrespective of their scale and initial intended use, postindustrial structures constitute an important trace of the tradition and culture of a given place. They are often crucial elements of the cultural landscape and landmarks for subsequent generations of local communities. More and more frequently, cities notice their potential, based on which they can build their own attractive image. Contemporary technology and technique offer numerous possibilities of making use of this heritage in order to create urban space of a new quality and exhibit surprising aesthetic values. One of such possibilities is a creative application of glass – a material which offers nearly limitless possibilities of creating an architectural form. Based on in situ studies and literature research, the paper presents examples illustrating how thanks to the application of advanced glass structures buildings which have already lost their original functions get re-discovered for the cultural landscape of the city and co-create its new quality.

A group of World War II naval fuel storage tanks strategically located in a tropical rainforest in Cairns, Australia, were adapted for arts and cultural purposes. This paper explores the adaptive reuse of this unusual industrial heritage site. It uses a case study approach to demonstrate how the social and aesthetic values of the place have been conserved and grown, and how these values have interacted to increase community attachment through a community-initiated approach to the site’s reuse. A scoping review and secondary data helped develop the case study and informed semi-structured interview questions for key industry stakeholders. The paper deduces that a community-led bottom-up approach to the reuse of space for arts and culture results in greater community attachment and, as opposed to top-down approaches, allows for continued growth in social and aesthetic value. Nevertheless, ongoing success of community initiatives in most cases is also reliant on the structure of a government-led administration.

PurposeThe paper aims to assess the impact and responses to coronavirus disease 2019 in six European heritage labs (Horizon 2020 Framework Programme) selected for their adaptive heritage re-use practices based on participation, self-organisation and self-management. As they are naturally oriented towards building resilient urban systems, the hypothesis is that the co-production of cultural values and places promoted by these projects could create the conditions for equitable perspectives of resilience in the normality of contemporary urban life.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on data collected through a survey of six European Living Labs between January and May 2021. The survey results are framed by a literature review that defines adaptive reuse in terms of resilience. The five resilience characteristics described by Judith Rodin (awareness, diversification, integration, self-regulation and adaptability) are used to navigate the literature and organise the survey results.FindingsCombining survey results and insights from the literature, some modes and elements (territorial, social, financial) are presented that contribute to creating the conditions for resilience through adaptive heritage reuse according to community-based approaches. Without claiming to be exhaustive, this evidence should be considered in the design phase of resilience programmes, policies or projects related to cultural heritage.Originality/valueThe concepts of community and resilience are becoming increasingly important in the field of cultural heritage. This paper makes a creative contribution to the ongoing debate by presenting and evaluating the contribution of adaptive reuse practices to resilience building.

This paper discusses the context, pedagogical approach, and design outcomes of two net-zero energy residential design projects completed by graduate architecture students as part of a comprehensive design studio course and submitted to the 2018 and 2020 USDOE Race to Zero/Solar Decathlon Design Challenge competition. The competition aims to give students real-word experience designing high-performance buildings by encouraging collaboration, involving community partners, and requiring a high degree of technical design development. Working within the competition parameters, two teams at Ball State University worked with outside partners to identify vacant/abandoned homes as a significant problem for rust-belt Indiana communities, and then focused their design efforts on high-performance retrofits of two blighted homes in Muncie and Indianapolis. Each project will be described in detail and the implications of the 2018 project on the 2020 project will be addressed. This paper will demonstrate that adaptive reuse projects can be used to engage students in context-specific challenges and to meet stringent high-performance design targets and thresholds. (162)

Purpose Environmental treat poses a challenge to the entire built environment. This paper aims to focus on the building asset as the key element of any urban pattern, and, therefore, a crucial condition towards success or failure in achieving resilience. Through the environmental performance assessment of the adaptive reuse project in London, this paper identifies the design principles of resilience, focusing specifically on the measures for protecting vulnerable parts of the building from damage, as well as protecting exposed parts of the building from material degradation. Design/methodology/approach Based on the overview of both scholarly articles and practitioners’ guides, the authors first offer a systematic overview of the main qualities and attributes of the resilient design. Further, to operationalise the resilient design principles, the authors use the well-established Building Research Establishment’s Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) on the case of adaptive reuse of the Z Hotel Holborn in London. Specifically, the authors examine if the case building applies the measures to decrease its internal vulnerability and reduce negative effects of external hazards. Findings The study confirms that external shocks are controlled by protecting exposed building parts from degradation and that preventing damage to vulnerable parts of the building increases resilience. Originality/value Through the analysis of both reactive and proactive perspectives of resilience, this paper elucidates the concept of resilience in the context of architectural design. Furthermore, this paper identifies the attributes of resilient architectural design and presents the measures which directly influence the durability and resilience of the building asset.

PurposeIn adaptive reuse, the importance of place referred to as “genius loci,” whereas authenticity refers to the design, materials, setting and workmanship of a building or place. Genius loci and authenticity are crucial evolving interconnected concepts; however, the concepts are usually studied separately, and consequently, overlooked in adaptive reuse practice. This paper provides precise definitions and a holistic understanding of these terms and discusses complications related to the understanding of the concepts in the adaptive reuse of heritage buildings.Design/methodology/approachContent analysis is an acknowledged way of analysing information related to a subject area and allows researchers to provide new insights and knowledge in a particular area. This paper applies a critical content analysis of published works related to genius loci and authenticity over time.FindingsThe findings show the inter-relationship of genius loci and authenticity, and how these concepts can be considered in the adaptive reuse of heritage buildings, in theory and in practice. Consequently, a checklist is proposed to enable all interested parties engaged with the adaptive reuse of heritage buildings to identify and preserve genius loci and authenticity.Originality/valueIdentity and values of heritage buildings are argued to be the strongest reasons for adaptation. Amongst a wide range of values associated with the adaptive reuse of heritage buildings, place and authenticity are perceived to be the most confusing terms and concepts. Whilst place and authenticity are defined by many authors, their meaning and usage are subjective, which is a challenge in recognising and preserving the values they embody. This study contributes to the greater understanding of these concepts, their meanings and application in adaptive reuse.

This article proposes some potential contributions of contemporary art to industrial and technological heritage discussions. The paper analyses the relations among art, industrial ruins, technological trash, heritage, and society from an archaeological perspective, although this standpoint is compared to and complemented with those of art and art history. First, the text presents how industrial sites and technological artefacts from the recent past are transformed for/by the artists. In doing so, it offers a preliminary basic typology of art-obsolescence relations illustrated with cases from Europe, Asia and the Americas. Four major kinds of interactions are introduced: the conversion of abandoned industrial buildings into art galleries and museums; the transformation of larger obsolete industrial/technological areas into creative hubs; the intervention of artists in industrial ruins; and the creative recycling of technological waste. Second, the text infers from the examples provided in the typology three possible functions of art regarding heritage: revelation/addition of value; mediation between the public and dark heritages; and recognition in technological and industrial history. In the end, the paper defends the role of art in the making of industrial and technological heritages, as well as in reconnecting them to society. This article proposes some potential contributions of contemporary art to industrial and technological heritage discussions. The paper analyses the relations among art, industrial ruins, technological trash, heritage, and society from an archaeological perspective, although this standpoint is compared to and complemented with those of art and art history. First, the text presents how industrial sites and technological artefacts from the recent past are transformed for/by the artists. In doing so, it offers a preliminary basic typology of art-obsolescence relations illustrated with cases from Europe, Asia and the Americas. Four major kinds of interactions are introduced: the conversion of abandoned industrial buildings into art galleries and museums; the transformation of larger obsolete industrial/technological areas into creative hubs; the intervention of artists in industrial ruins; and the creative recycling of technological waste. Second, the text infers from the examples provided in the typology three possible functions of art regarding heritage: revelation/addition of value; mediation between the public and dark heritages; and recognition in technological and industrial history. In the end, the paper defends the role of art in the making of industrial and technological heritages, as well as in reconnecting them to society.

This paper deals with the hygric characterization of early 20th century machine-made clay bricks, representative of great number of historical buildings in north-eastern Poland. Heritage buildings have a high potential for adaptive reuse, which is strictly connected with an urge for knowledge about the properties of these existing building envelopes. To better understand the hygric behavior of historic buildings, various experimental laboratory tests, including density, water absorption, compressive strength and freeze-thaw resistance, were conducted. In order to assess the microstructural characteristics of the tested bricks, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) tests were performed. These tests were conducted on clay bricks from historic buildings, as well as on those that are currently being produced, in order to identify the relationship between the materials used in the past and the replacements produced presently. This paper addresses the lack of systematic application of existing standards for evaluating the state of the conservation of historic bricks and for establishing the specifications for replacement bricks. The results of conducted study and further research will be the basis for creating a historic materials database. It would be a useful tool for selecting bricks that correspond with the historically used materials and help to maintain homogenous structure of the restored buildings.

In many cases, the purpose of reusing old industrial buildings is to serve the public. Converting a building that had a particular function and is unfamiliar to the public to a civic building is a great challenge. Significantly, the public’s curiosity towards a special-purpose industrial building alone is not enough to give the building a long life following its conversion and regeneration. To be sustainable in public life, the design of reused old industrial buildings should also meet the needs of the public. It is important to realise, however, that everyone’s needs are different. This paper will therefore analyse whether Abraham Maslow’s (1943) famous psychological theory, the Hierarchy of Needs, which not only summarized the content of human needs, but also divided them into levels, can be applied to the reuse of former industrial buildings. The paper translates this into the field of architecture to develop an assessment framework for the reuse of old industrial buildings. This assessment framework is able to combine mathematical models for quantitative assessment of future projects, and uses Shanghai 1933 Old Millfun, China as a case study for its demonstration. This provides an evaluation of a completed project and identifies challenges for further development, as well as providing guidance for future adaptive reuse projects.

Aiming at how to implement dynamic adaptive reuse service components efficiently during the service-oriented modeling process, this paper proposes a new service-oriented dynamic adaptive software architecture based on a service component reuse method via gradient descent optimization, which can be effectively implemented as dynamic adaptive reuse service component for service modeling. Among them, based on the “query-select-reuse” strategy, this paper guides the process of the intermediate service component to achieve dynamic adaptive reuse, and with this approach, the gradient descent-based optimization parameter method defines the optimal service component query matching strategy, and it finally achieves the most excellent adaptive reuse performance of service component. Finally, the real data experiment and case analysis verified the efficiency and practicability of the proposed framework to achieve adaptive optimal reuse of service components.

Purpose Heritage building revitalisation (HBR) is gaining its popularity to intervene historic buildings/sites for their conservation and reuse. Given that multiple stake-holding situations are often involved in HBR process, coordination or managerial problem may hinder versatile facilities design for operational efficiency while preserving the heritage values. To address the coordination challenge, this paper aims to examine the relevance and relative advantages of a FM-led revitalisation strategy for HBR, which the existing literature has not yet addressed. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts a case study approach to a major HBR project in Hong Kong. This study conducted field observations and interviews, which were combined with publicly accessible policy and project information to identify stakeholders’ opinions and specifications for the role of facilities management (FM) in HBR project process. Findings The paper reveals the role of FM in coordinating the HBR process for the benefits of stakeholders and general community. FM allows a balanced approach to heritage building adaptation, sound user experience and broader community effects. This enables efficient decision-making, creative facilities design and effective public engagement. FM’s strength of fitting in the urban renewal context illustrates its comparative advantage for heritage conservation and revitalisation management. Research limitations/implications This study develops a conceptual map to identify FM’s role in heritage building conservation and revitalisation. This will enhance process evaluation and project decision-making that are central to heritage conservation policy and HBR intervention practices. Originality/value This study examines relevance and advantage of FM-led business strategy for HBR, which the existing literature has not yet addressed. It discovers FM’s strategic roles and initiates a conceptual framework for evaluation of heritage conservation management.

This paper elaborates on the design of a place for mourning as a new use for an abandoned church building and its surroundings. Rather than replacing Christian worship with a secular program, the project aims to reactivate and strengthen the historical presence of spirituality by adding new layers to the design of this historic church. Using the singularity of the place and the quality of its rural landscape as catalysts, the proposed design seeks to place death and the act of mourning within a broader and renewed spiritual experience by borrowing and associating concepts related to rituals from different cultures and times. Besides a columbarium and a funeral space, the site may be used as a place for the celebration of life and its memory or simply as a meaningful place to meet with family or friends. The church, for which an adaptive reuse proposal is discussed in this paper, is one of many in Flanders that, in recent years, has lost its religious function as the result of the secularization of society. The presented project is part of a research program initiated by the Flemish Government that aims to conduct feasibility studies for the transformation of parish churches using research–by–design as a methodology.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the positive externalities of adaptive reuse of heritage buildings and the economic impact on adjacent residential property prices as adaptive reuse is emerging as a significant heritage management and cultural heritage conservation practice recognized by the International Council on Monuments and Sites.Design/methodology/approachThrough mixed methodologies of hedonic price model and case studies of three tenement houses in Hong Kong, this paper argues that the adaptive reuse of heritage buildings increases the values of residential properties within the district and revitalizes the area economically and culturally because of the positive externalities generated from the cultural heritage.FindingsThe findings have identified key cultural heritage values of adaptive reuse via the case studies as well as the major intangible cultural values associated with the heritage assignment. On the other hand, the hedonic regression also verifies that key variables such as heritage completion and distance from heritage show significance to the property prices of adjacent residential units.Practical implicationsThe research is useful for heritage conservationists, policy makers and urban planners in other cities with regards to management and implementation of sustainable cultural heritage revitalization schemes for economic benefits.Originality/valueThe research is original in its scope and context, and is one of the first of its kind for a high-density metropolitan context in Hong Kong and is significant in demonstrating the economic impact of the heritage practice of adaptive reuse.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to focus on the impacts that the adaptive reuse of historical building has on museum service quality by analysing the visitors’ expectations and perceptions through the HISTOQUAL model. It looks deeper into investigating the enhancement of adaptive reuse approach to historical buildings not only to the surrounding environment, but also to the building’s cultural significance.Design/methodology/approachA field survey implementing quantitative approach was conducted by using questionnaires to collect the visitors’ expectations and perceptions on their visits to the selected case study sites. The selected two case study sites are both newly adaptive reuse museums located in the heart of Kuala Lumpur. Through these case studies, the visitors’ expectations and perceptions were analysed and the differences were identified.FindingsPositive feedback on the level of service quality provided at both museums indirectly shows the success of adaptive reuse initiative on the historical buildings towards adapting their new functions as a museum. It was also noted that foreign language leaflets and facilities for less able visitors were among the two service criteria that do not exceed the expectations of users. In general, these findings are crucial in identifying the gap within the services provided and appropriate measures that can be undertaken for further improvement.Research limitations/implicationsFurther study can be employed to a larger population of study to cater for a variety of perspectives from both users and managers of the buildings.Practical implicationsThis paper highlights the implications of users’ feedback towards building usability and functions. It provided imperative findings from the users’ point of view pertaining to the services provided.Social implicationsThe paper illustrates the significance of social perceptions on the implications of service delivery. It also reports empirical evidence in highlighting the importance of users’ attributes towards excellent service delivery.Originality/valueUp to present, there exists a small number of studies that look into reviewing the new functions of adaptive reuse buildings. This study now contributes to create a larger number of studies in this scope, especially within the context of Malaysia.

While the efficacy of salvaging underutilised historical buildings to promote sustainable and resilient provincial urban areas in New Zealand has been identified from past studies, there is still an absence of a performance-based framework to rank optimal historical building alternatives for adaptive reuse interventions. This paper focuses on evaluating a performance-based Multiple Criteria Decision Assessment (MCDA) methodology to prioritise underutilised historical buildings for adaptive reuse intervention in a major provincial area in New Zealand, towards achieving a resilient town-centre regeneration for the area. A focus group workshop was conducted with relevant stakeholders involved in an existing town centre regeneration agenda for Whanganui, to explore and balance their opinions for optimal selection of a vacant historical building for adaptive reuse intervention from a group of proposed buildings. The participant mix comprised a combination of building professionals, historical building owners/developers/users, legal, heritage, and council/community representatives. The findings establish the usefulness of the validated framework in balancing the diverse interests of all stakeholders in the adaptive reuse decision-making process. Hence, this paper provides a significant contribution to the development of a methodology that integrates adaptive reuse stakeholders’ diversified interests, for the selection of optimal case study building alternatives. The consensus of the multidisciplinary stakeholder group was found to be consistent and insensitive to reasonable changes in weighting. Also, the validated framework enabled the decision-makers to achieve a logical result, and support the visualisation of the impact of different priority aspects and criteria on adaptive reuse interventions in New Zealand.

This paper identifies the parameters for a performance-based framework to prioritise underutilised historical buildings for adaptive reuse interventions, while discussing its effectiveness towards promoting sustainable and resilient urban areas in New Zealand. A narrative review of extant literature is done to justify the need for the performance-based framework and build a list of relevant parameters that elucidates all or part of a typical decision-making process regarding the selection of historical buildings for adaptive reuse in New Zealand. Five main priority aspects with significant evaluation criteria that have been identified from this study are economic sustainability, built-heritage preservation, socio-cultural aspects, building usability, and regulatory aspects. This paper's originality pertains to the development of parameters for a performance-based framework that offers a basis for relevant adaptive reuse stakeholders to prioritise underutilised historical buildings while balancing their diverse objectives. Accordingly, the performance-based framework has been validated to justify the relevance of its applicability to the different outlined parameters, towards prioritising underutilised historical buildings for adaptive reuse in New Zealand.

In Durban, South Africa, the apartheid planning legacy led to the creation of various development nodes within the city. Nevertheless, such nodes are most often developer-driven and do not cater to the needs of existing communities. The resultant effect is the lost and insurgent space created between urban nodes within the city. Insurgency can be seen in the form of informal settlements, self-help housing and urban homesteaders (squatters and homeless, using private property or government land). Sociocultural segregation, urban despair, insurgency and lost space now exist between these nodes. In response to these challenges, adaptive reuse of buildings and urban space represents a sustainable solution by extending buildings’ life and reducing the overall carbon footprint. Low-carbon emissions are a key component of sustainable urban environments and in turn contribute to mitigate the consequences of climate change. Such approach forms part of sustainable urban regeneration, with social and economic benefits to society. To develop sustainable urban neighbourhoods all stakeholders and inhabitants need to be meaning fully involved, towards more resilient cities. This paper applied a set of hybrid mapping tools—drone mapping, transect walks, sketches and observations—to capture lost and insurgent space. This helped defining lost and abandoned space within the study area, to understand how it is currently being used and evaluate its potential for adaptive reuse. By mapping spaces between development nodes in three case studies in Durban inner city, this paper seeks to analyse characteristics and factors that should be considered to determine the adaptive reuse potential of buildings, towards developing more inclusive and resilient cities.

It has been stated that Venturi emphasises a sense of pluralism whilst also legitimising that many beliefs of conflicting and contradictory nature can also co-exist. When documenting and reading complex urban contexts within South Asia, where layers of historical, social, cultural and architectural values contradict and conflict with one another there is profound ambiguity, complexity and a sense of contradiction within the urban environment. In this paper, a selection of orthographic drawings and photographs will be used to read the complexity, contradiction and ambiguity perceived on individual structures in Diu Town, a former Portuguese colony with a distinct Indian character yet a Mediterranean essence. In reading the contradictions, ambiguity and complexity of the built structures of Diu Town, the paper aims to pave the way for a re-interpretation of the derelict and abandoned heritage structures of the town and their potential future adaptive reuse. In this paper, the complexities and contradictions from which the architecture of the residential area arose will be investigated and reconciling towards the “difficult whole”.

Egypt is one of the richest countries with monuments and historical sites that hold architectural and cultural value, connect the society with its roots, attract tourists and cultural visitors, and generate national income. Beginning in the early 20th century of Pharaonic monuments and then of Islamic monuments, a movement started in Egypt to conserve historical sites, many buildings were preserved to ensure their survival and protect them from neglect and degradation. The axis of this movement was the Historic Cairo that was founded in the 10 th century and is one of the world's oldest Islamic cities. The city has many Islamic antiquities and historical buildings, it was listed as a world heritage site in 1979 but only in 2010, the Egyptian official bodies in collaboration with the UNESCO have launched the Urban Regeneration Project for Historic Cairo (URHC). The third phase of this project has recently been launched with the aim of successful urban renewal and community development. Before URHC several Experimental projects took place for preservation, restoration, and urban regeneration. After restoration some buildings were reused, the successful adaptive reuse of these historical buildings is one of the key factors for the success of any urban renewal project as it employs the buildings within their urban fabric and local communities, and revive them to produce cultural, economic and historical values. ​​ This paper focuses on the concepts of conservation and adaptive reuse, it analyzes and evaluates selected historical buildings located in historical Cairo that are reused in cultural and economic activities. It also sheds the light on the problems and dangers that threaten these buildings. The paper ends with conclusion and recommendations. Keywords: Conservation, Adaptive Reuse, Historical Cairo

Purpose Adaptive reuse of heritage stock has several advantages: retention of culturally and socially significant buildings, as well as the opportunity to consider embodied energy, energy efficiency retrofit measures and other environmental upgrades. The purpose of this paper is to identify the technical issues faced in the adaptive reuse of Australian heritage listed city halls and discuss sustainable strategies to enable further adaptations to be more energy efficient. Design/methodology/approach Adaptive reuse of a heritage building provides an opportunity to retain embodied energy, improve energy efficiency and enhance durability, which are important aspects of the technical lifecycle of a building. Using a case study methodology and a qualitative approach, this paper evaluates adaptations and the technical issues faced in three heritage city halls in Queensland, Australia. Findings The analysis shows that enhancing energy efficiency enables heritage buildings to reduce their climate change impacts. However, the installation of equipment for energy efficiency can pose technical issues for heritage buildings. The ownership of heritage building and interest of the local community affects the solutions that are viable. Solutions and further sustainable strategies are proposed through analysis of case studies. Originality/value City halls globally adopt different and varied architectural designs, features and scales. They are often heritage listed and locally significant landmarks that have undergone various adaptations; however, they have been overlooked in much adaptive reuse research, particularly in Australia. City halls differ from other heritage buildings in their collective sense of ownership which is important in regard to proposed changes, as citizens have an interest and hold opinions which may affect measures adopted. This paper contributes to the body of knowledge related to energy efficient technical adaptive reuse of city halls.

Purpose Most provincial town centres in New Zealand typically feature old and vacant historical buildings, the majority of which possess heritage values. The growing perception that it is cheaper to repurpose vacant historical buildings rather than demolishing and rebuilding them is one of the factors that have made the adaptive reuse approach so popular. However, will this also be the case for provincial town centres in New Zealand? The purpose of this paper is to identify and explore the key factors that could influence the efficacy of adaptive reuse, and check for significant differences in the effect that each perceived factor would have on the adaptive reuse efficacy as a justifiable resilient and sustainable approach towards the regeneration of a major provincial town centre in New Zealand that is currently experiencing inner-city shrinkage. Design/methodology/approach A focus group workshop was conducted with 22 stakeholders involved in an existing town centre regeneration agenda for Whanganui. Closed-ended questionnaires were administered to the workshop participants to measure their opinions regarding the efficacy of the adaptive reuse approach for the regeneration of Whanganui’s town centre. The participant mix comprised a combination of structural engineers, quantity surveyors, architects, estate valuers, building owners/developers, legal representatives, heritage representatives and local government council representatives. Findings The study reported a high proportion of respondents that strongly agreed to the positive impacts of adaptive reuse with regards to the discussed priority aspects, hence, justifying the efficacy of the approach, towards delivering a vibrant town centre for Whanganui. Also, the Friedman’s analysis suggests that no significant differences existed among all perceived adaptive reuse efficacy criteria by the workshop participants, therefore justifying the approach. Originality/value This paper’s originality pertains to the practicality of changing the use of vacant historical buildings in Whanganui, which is one of New Zealand’s major provincial town centres, to renegotiate resilience and sustainable urban regeneration for the area.

Purpose This paper aims to provide empirical insights about the economic benefits as well as the useful strategies to preserve and conserve heritage sites in Southeast Asia. The benefits of heritage tourism include high tourist arrivals and receipts, the multiplier effects within the industry and creation of employment opportunities for the local community. Design/methodology/approach This paper used systematic literature review of secondary data to discover the benefits and strategies for preserving and conserving heritage sites. The data were obtained from peer-review journals, documentary analysis, industrial report, working paper and books. Findings This paper provides empirical insights about the economic benefits as well as the useful strategies to preserve and conserve heritage sites in Southeast Asia. The benefits of heritage tourism include high tourist arrivals and receipts, the multiplier effects within the industry and creation of employment opportunities for the local community. The strategies proposed include stakeholder collaboration and involvement, stakeholder empowerment and the adaptive reuse approach. Practical implications This research is useful for sites’ managers as local stakeholders are highly motivated in participating in the decision-making process on the future development of heritage sites. Involving and empowering stakeholders in heritage management programs increase the stakeholders’ values and willingness to participate in heritage preservation program. In addition, the implementation of adaptive reuse approach enables the conservation of heritage originality and values. Originality/value This paper has discovered three benefits and three strategies toward positive heritage management. Stakeholders’ involvement and collaboration is the easiest way to promote heritage management programs and empower stakeholders. Finally, adaptive reuse program is the hardest approach, but the most beneficial approach in maintaining the value and rejuvenating the heritage sites.

Targeted at the fragility of culture-led regeneration as a result of market frustrations and policy instability, the paper proposes a sustainable perspective to re-examine the prospects of culture-led urban regeneration projects at the local level through the taxonomy of three signatures—The Beijing 798 Art Zone, The Shanghai M50 and The Guangzhou Xinyi International Club are chosen as different, yet representative cases of industrial heritage transformed creative clusters. By comparing the development trajectories and statuses of these pioneer culture-led regeneration projects, the paper reveals the mechanism and confirms the model of practice for the reincarnation of industrial heritage by creative clusters in the local context of the cities. Ultimately, the analysis of this model indicates that the reuse of industrial heritage is an effective approach in response to the cultural demands of the post-industrial era; however, it brings forth the inevitable challenges beyond economic dimension, from a sustainability perspective. The analysis further identifies those underlying reasons of unsustainability and provides recommendations in order to explore the full potential of the “cultural value” of urban regeneration.

Premature obsolescence of existing buildings is a significant challenge for sustainable regeneration in cities internationally. Adaptive reuse is one approach to address obsolescence in cities globally. High vacancy can be a crucial predictor of obsolescence, but vacancy is poorly understood and can be 'hidden'. This paper presents a novel quantitative method, called Vacancy Visual Analytics Method (VVAM), to identify vacancy in city populations. VVAM permits detailed visualisation of the location and quantity of vacancy, including Greyspace, a form of hitherto undetectable vacancy. To test VVAM, this paper reports its application to a population of office buildings (n=118) in Adelaide, an Australian city reporting high office building vacancy. VVAM revealed the vacancy distribution did not lend itself to whole building adaptive reuse, despite the universal advocacy for greater adaptive reuse globally. This finding implies whole building adaptive reuse may not be appropriate to address vacancy in all cities. This study recommends policy formation should involve a thorough examination of vacancy across building populations to ensure policy efficacy. VVAM presents a useful tool to critically understand vacancy and inform policy to address urban vacancy, including cities affected by COVID-19 office building vacancy.

Highlights •Thecircular economyprinciples have not been fully embedded into adaptive reuse practices. •Acircularityperformance analysis framework for adaptive reuse has been elaborated and tested. •In the Netherlands, there is a trend for more private sector involvement, andstakeholder engagement. •Stakeholders only weakly recognize the correlation of circularity with adaptive reuse. Abstract Adaptive reuse of built heritage is a driver for the circular economy. This paper examines Dutch adaptive reuse practices regarding their functional, operational and financial models, and assesses their circularity performance by evaluating cultural values preservation, circularity of reuse intervention, and outcomes from use. Primary data was collected through an online survey of stakeholders representing 53 cases. We employed Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) to summarize the relationships among variables and Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) analysis to assess the weights of the active variables and their causal relationships. We then conducted a factorial mapping and hierarchical cluster analysis to investigate further the correlations between certain characteristics, individual cases, and active circularity variables. The findings indicate that there has been a major trend towards more private sector involvement, stimulation for pro-active engagement of local actors, and better dialogue among stakeholders. In addition, stakeholders acknowledge that adaptive reuse strongly contributes to conserving cultural values. However, stakeholders only weakly recognize its correlation to the circularity framework in the limited context of the physical built environment. This study provides essential insights regarding emerging adaptive reuse trends and circularity performance, which can be further incorporated into circular economy strategies and roadmaps for the built environment. The framework established in this paper for analyzing circularity performance of adaptive reuse practices is transferable, and can be replicated in empirical studies worldwide.

Purpose Designing for the future sustainability and adaptability of building assets contributes to waste and emission reduction. Moreover, sustainable design and conservation principles are necessary for achieving sustainable and adaptable built heritage. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the improved adaptSTAR model in regards to maximising the future adaptive reuse and sustainability of existing built heritage and its surroundings. Design/methodology/approach A comparative study of two iconic nineteenth century heritage assets in Australia and Hong Kong is undertaken to highlight the need to forecast the future adaptation of heritage buildings in order to guarantee their continuous reuse and sustainability in an urban context. Findings Findings show that the functional, technological and legal attributes of these two nineteenth century heritage buildings require improvement so as to ensure their future adaptivity. The upgrading of heritage buildings for environmental sustainability is also deemed necessary. Originality/value The originality of this paper pertains to the advancement of the adaptSTAR tool in evaluating the future adaptivity of existing built heritage as well as new built environments whilst considering their economic, environmental and social values.

This paper opens up a discussion over the processes of forgetting and remembering that occur in the adaptive reuse of quite commonplace buildings that, nevertheless, have been classified as ‘heritage’. For most buildings survival depends upon finding a new economic use once original use has ceased. At this point decisions are also made about what stories are carried forward from the building’s past. The principal case study discussed in this paper is the former Shanghai Municipal Abattoir, a modernist concrete sculpture now branded 1933 Shanghai. The paper delineates how a process of ‘strategic forgetting and selective remembrance’ has been undertaken, negotiating the bloody nature of the building’s past, in its reuse as an upscale commercial venue. Reuse is further considered within the wider frames of a 1920–1930s Shanghai urban branding ‘imaginary’ and as a ‘building of control and reform’ – a category of buildings developed from the eighteenth-century European Enlightenment-thinking. In reflec...

Purpose The need to speed up and simplify the practice of transformation and the topic of reuse is crucial in Italy. The purpose of this paper is to compare successful cases of reuse into housing in Italy and the Netherlands, in order to suggest improvements to the Italian situation. Design/methodology/approach Previous research at the University of Pavia showed the need to change living standards for new residential buildings. This research focusses on existing buildings and gives a comparative analysis of the Italian and Dutch legislation for residential buildings. Interviews with professionals have been conducted in Italy and the Netherlands to better understand the differences and problems related to housing regulations. Good examples of reuse into housing have been studied to define common guidelines for intervention. Findings The findings describe the building regulations in Italy and the Netherlands concerning adaptive reuse, and reveals differences between the two countries. Furthermore, the possibilities and barriers for the reuse of existing buildings are highlighted. Practical implications Lessons are drawn from both contexts, and finally suggestions for improvement of the regulatory system are made for Italy and the Netherlands. Originality/value This paper aims at revealing the opportunities and barriers of reuse in Italy and the Netherlands. So far, studies were performed to reveal the feasibility of adaptive reuse, though none of these focussed specifically on legal issues. No sufficient studies are performed so far on reuse into housing in Italy, and the comparison of the regulatory systems of the two countries is novel.

Purpose Adaptive reuse of building assets is an important approach to sustainability. Adapting a building for new uses often involves complex factors in the decision-making process, particularly in conservation areas. The paper aims to show an evaluation process of the adaptive reuse potential of historic buildings that are subject to change in the Grand Canal area, a world heritage site in Hangzhou, China. Design/methodology/approach For this purpose, a model has been established with aggregated views of professionals on the degree to which a variety of factors affect the buildings’ potential for adaptive reuse. The model intends to help prioritise some of the buildings in the area for adaptive reuse, which is important for effective allocation of public resources. Interviews with professionals, analytic hierarchy process and the Delphi method have been used to establish the evaluation model. It is then applied to the Grand Canal area to generate indices for buildings’ adaptive reuse potential and the ranking of priority. The indices are generated through public scoring of historic buildings against the variables and calculated through the model. Findings The paper concludes that the evaluation process is an effective way to engage the public in the decision-making process and to balance conflict interests of various stakeholders in the management of historic building assets in conservation areas. Originality/value The research has proposed an evaluation model to help set priority of buildings subject to adaptive reuse and to help distribute public fund effectively. It facilitates wide public engagement in the decision-making progress of adaptive reuse of historic buildings.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the role of contemporary architecture in heritage protection, reinterpretation and reuse, an issue that has become increasingly relevant due to the recognition of architectural heritage as a key factor for cultural and economic development. Design/methodology/approach In Portugal, as elsewhere in Europe, cultural heritage management has often been associated with the creation of new museum spaces, namely, within national monuments and archaeological sites. Drawing on restoration theories and international charters, this paper analyses and compares two parallel interventions recently built inside São Jorge Castle, in Lisbon: the Museum Centre (Victor Mestre and Sofia Aleixo, 2007-2008) and the Archaeological Site (João Luís Carrilho da Graça, 2008-2010). This approach offers insight on the complexity of addressing and reconfiguring the profusion of past transformations within a single monument. Findings These two complementary museum spaces are representative of different attitudes towards heritage appropriation, substantiating the thesis that musealizing always entails the creation of narratives, which translate history and heritage into architectural and curatorial discourses. Besides meeting the functional requirements of specific museum programmes, such interventions frequently deal with the challenge of opening up new perspectives on the past. Originality/value Considering the central role of communication in contemporary museums, this paper discusses how heritage musealization can contribute to the translation of historical evidence into updated iconographies, narratives and dialogues. Furthermore, the unique characteristics of this twofold case study can provide an insightful contribution for a broader debate on the reinterpretation of iconic monuments and sites.

Having acknowledged the value and importance of heritage, it is not always possible however, to preserve heritage buildings without some form of adaptive reuse. This paper will examine the values attached to heritage buildings, the importance of and the challenges associated with various forms of adaptive reuse. It will argue that adaptive reuse can add value to such buildings and places. This paper will focus on three case studies to illustrate the importance of adaptive reuse.

Spa towns represented, for decades, a point of reference for the European panorama of health, tourism and cultural exchange. They have been the first tourist destination in the modern sense, as well as a manifesto for a renewed demand of quality and laboratories for architectural and urban experimentations. A product of territorial relations, they have been able to aggregate ideas, capital and skills in a generative logic. However, from the second half of the 20th Century, these cities underwent a series of structural changes related to health and tourism trends that deeply affected all levels of their local systems. Today, these places are witnessing numerous episodes of degradation and abandonment of their built cultural heritage. Promoting a place-based approach, this paper argues that spa towns could be reconsidered as strategic resources in the construction of the territorial capital and that adaptive reuse practices, if integrated into strategic visions, can represent a driver for the activation of a sustainability transition based on ‘fully circular’ processes. Here, the abandoned built cultural heritage represents an opportunity space, a potential catalyst of innovative synergies, and a meeting point between local and territorial interests. While referring both to theoretical profiles and applied research experiences, the paper frames urban transformation and adaptive reuse processes as an integrated challenge within change management logics. Finally, the paper proposes a set of thematic recommendations in order to stimulate the creation of receptive environments for change and deal with the different times, scales, actors and the economic and non-economic interests involved.

The cityscape changes constantly, reflecting the socio-economic conditions of a given urbanised area&mdash, both globally and in any given country. Post-industrial buildings and complexes have been its important elements since the nineteenth century. At present, many of them are undergoing adaptive reuse. The oldest, which are parts of post-industrial heritage and define the local identity, are now located in city centres. Some are revitalised and often adapted into multi-family housing. This paper fills a gap in the research on revitalised areas in Polish city centres, especially the ones converted into housing. It notes the links between these projects with elements of urban green-blue infrastructure, as well as the methods of protection of the reused postindustrial heritage. Studies from 2000&ndash, 2020 on Polish multi-family housing architecture prove that the quality of buildings and semi-public green spaces is becoming increasingly important to developers and buyers. Properly used and exposed post-industrial heritage can contribute to raising the attractiveness of such spaces. In combination with city greenery systems, they can form attractive townscape sequences, as proven by Cracow cases. The paper&rsquo, s conclusions indicate that the preservation and exposition of post-industrial heritage in newly built housing complexes is affected by numerous factors. The most important of these are legal determinants based on both state-level and local law. Economic factors also play a major role, as they directly affect projects. The skills and talent of designers who can create unique proposals that expose surviving relicts and a given place&rsquo, s genius loci even in the most restrictive of economic and legal conditions, are also not without significance.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of the adaptive reuse of a particular case study, and the evaluation of it within the context of international research done on similar projects. It aims to highlight the reuse potential of industrial structures by private developers, and the financial, environmental and social advantages that they could hold. Design/methodology/approach A literature review that explores these themes is followed by the post-occupancy analysis of the case study. Data were gathered primarily through interviews with key role players in the project, site visits and an analysis of the relevant project documentation. Findings While there are a number of international examples of the reuse of power stations in particular, these are mostly on a large scale, dependent mostly on government funding, lottery funding and donations and generally stripped of most of their machinery. The case study is a smaller-scale example which demonstrates that a project of this nature can be entirely funded by a private developer, that it can be sustainable and that it can be done while keeping most of the original machinery in place. The case study confirms a number of findings that are revealed in current research in the field, and it also shows the relative advantages of adaptive reuse when compared to new-build projects. Research limitations/implications There is fairly limited information and published research about adaptive reuse, especially in South Africa, so the paper builds on international knowledge on the subject while exposing a suitable local example. It is hoped that the study will not only lead to further research and post-occupancy analysis of similar projects in South Africa in particular, but also support international research that indicates the feasibility of adaptive reuse. Originality/value The Thesen Islands power station (or the Turbine Hotel as it is now known) could potentially be used as a precedent for similar redevelopments, and it could shed some light on the opportunities and constraints related to the management of fixed engineering assets.

Purpose With the dramatic transformation of China’s industrial landscape, since the late 1990s, adaptive reuse of industrial heritage for cultural purposes has become a widely occurring phenomenon in major Chinese cities. The existing literature mainly focusses on specific cases, yet sees heritage conservation similarly at both national and regional scale and rarely identifies the main factors behind the production of China’s industrial-heritage reuse. The purpose of this paper is to examine the differences in heritage reuse outcomes among three Chinese mega-cities and explore the driving factors influencing the differences. Design/methodology/approach This paper compares selected industrial-heritage cultural precincts in Beijing, Shanghai and Chongqing, and explores the local intervening factors influencing differences in their reuse patterns, including the history of industrial development, the availability of the nineteenth and/or twentieth century industrial buildings, the existence of cultural capital and the prevalence of supportive regional government policy. Findings The industrial-heritage reuse in the three cities is highly regional. In Beijing, the adaptation of industrial heritage has resulted from the activities of large-scale artist communities and the local government’s promotion of the city’s cultural influence; while in Shanghai, successful and more commercially oriented “sea culture” artists, private developers in creative industries and the “creative industry cluster” policy make important contributions. Chongqing in contrast, is still at the early stage of heritage conservation, as demonstrated by its adaptive reuse outcomes. Considering its less-developed local cultural economy, Chongqing needs to adopt a broader range of development strategies. Originality/value The paper contributes to knowledge by revealing that the production of industrial-heritage cultural precincts in Chinese mega-cities is influenced by regional level factors, including the types of industrial heritage, the spontaneous participation of artist communities and the encouragement of cultural policy.

The restructuring of the economy has led to the relocation of industries from certain areas and in some cases even complete extinguishing of certain activities. This phenomenon has left behind a large number of abandoned sites and buildings. Today, these buildings represent a significant percentage of the architectural heritage, which has been largely neglected and which could be used for the formation of new residential areas in the already defined urban fabric. Conversion of these buildings trough the adaptive reuse into residential ones could solve the problem both of obsolete and housing shortage market. The papers points out the significance of this process and analyzes the possibility to reuse industrial facilities into residential dwellings. In addition the paper discusses in which case such transformation would be legit, through the consideration of a large number of architectural criteria necessary for the success of adaptive reuse to host the housing function. Advantages and limitations of industrial facilities as well as potential problems that can occur are analyzed within this paper.

This paper explores the challenges of rehabilitating and conserving early urban neighborhoods and historic monuments of Addis Ababa in light of rapid urban redevelopment activities taking place in the city since 2004. It examines the way the need for urban physical transformation to suit the current standards of living and the mod -ernist zeal of urban planners to improve the urban outlook through slum clearance puzzles the quest for maintaining urban heritages, reminiscent of original social fabric, urban character, and vernacular architectural features. The paper concludes with a discussion on the need for multi-dimensional approach to conserve urban cultural heritages, mainly historic buildings and monuments. It also suggests the preservation and revitalization of important early urban neighborhoods of Addis Ababa with the objective of maintaining typical urban tissue, essential qualities of the historic areas and social life of the communities residing therein, but by adapting their physical structures and activities to present-day requirements where possible. The paper further recommends the use of innovative conservation techniques that employ the advances in modern digital technology. Towards this end, textual and digital documentation of early neighborhoods of Addis Ababa were proposed to preserve popular memory on the one hand, and to allow the redevelopment process to keep-going uninterrupted where physical preservation of old urban fabric is deemed dif cult or practically rendered impossible., Renouvellement urbain et situations délicates de la conservation du patrimoine à Addis-Abeba, Éthiopie. Cet article explore les défis de la réhabilitation et de la conservation des anciens quartiers urbains et des monuments historiques d’Addis-Abeba à la lumière des rapides activités de réaménagement urbain qui se déroulent dans la ville depuis 2004. Les transformations physiques urbaines doivent s’adapter aux nouveaux standards de la vie courante et au zèle moderniste des planificateurs qui cherchent à améliorer l’environnement urbain par l’évacuation des quartiers pauvres. L’article examine comment cette contrainte organise la conservation du patrimoine, souvenir du tissu social originel, ainsi que le maintien de son caractère urbain et de ses caractéristiques architecturales traditionnelles. L’article se conclut par une discussion sur la nécessité d’une approche multidimensionnelle pour conserver les patrimoines culturels urbains, principalement des bâtiments et des monuments historiques. Il suggère également la préservation et la revitalisation d’importants anciens quartiers urbains d’Addis-Abeba avec comme objectif de maintenir le tissu urbain typique, les qualités essentielles des quartiers historiques et de la vie sociale des communautés qui y résident, tout en adaptant leurs structures physiques et leurs activités aux besoins actuels lorsque cela est possible. L’article recommande en outre l’utilisation de techniques de conserva -tion innovantes, les progrès de la technologique numérique moderne. Pour ce faire, la documentation textuelle et numérique des anciens quartiers d’Addis-Abeba a été proposée pour préserver la mémoire populaire, et pour permettre au processus de redéveloppement de se poursuivre sans interruption alors que la préservation physique du vieux tissu urbain est jugée difficile ou est rendue presque impossible., Teferra Zelalem. Urban Renewal and the Predicaments of Heritage Conservation in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia / Renouvellement urbain et situations délicates de la conservation du patrimoine à Addis-Abeba, Éthiopie. In: Annales d'Ethiopie. Volume 31, année 2016. pp. 107-132.

The concept of circular economy has peaked in both popular and scientific discussion in the past few years. Notwithstanding, no specific definition for circularity in the context of existing buildings is available. This research details a framework of circular economy in the built environment, focusing on existing buildings. The paper employs a systematic literature review on circular economy within built environment. The majority of the reviewed articles date from 2016-2019, confirming the novelty of the research area. Based on the literature review, research on circular economy in the built environment has to date largely focused on designing to facilitate circularity in the future, or salvaging and recycling building materials for new construction. This paper suggests a literature-based framework comprising three complementary approaches to implementing circularity in the context of existing buildings: 1) Share; 2) Preserve; 3) Adapt, and; 4) Rethink. The transition toward a circular economy in the built environment requires structured approaches, like the one presented here. The presented framework allows researchers to expand their thinking on circularity in the built environment, while providing practitioners a selection of potential managerial approaches. The suggested circular approaches may be particularly useful for the longer-term strategy work of real estate owners and managers.

The adaptive reuse of publicly owned historic buildings as heritage projects presents opportunities to create spaces with multiple uses for diverse publics. Such projects are shaped by a mixture of economic considerations, policy objectives, and public concerns. In recent years the creative industries have emerged as a favoured format in East Asian cities but questions remain about the status of culture in heritage revitalization schemes. This paper studies a flagship heritage initiative in Hong Kong with a view to situating it in relation to both the heritage activism movement and the cultural economy. Much of the scholarship on heritage in post-1997 Hong Kong has focused on paradoxes and contestations in the context of the city's land shortage, and on governance and management issues. This paper sheds light on the end result of one project. The paper considers the revitalization of the former Hollywood Road Police Married Quarters, which activists fought to protect from demolition, as PMQ. It queries what kind of place this building has become, and how this reality may be interpreted as a product of complementary forces of production and consumption. Drawing on theories of the commodification of culture, the paper situates PMQ within the ongoing gentrification of the Central and Western district. Building on analysis of newspaper reporting, participant observation and key informant interviews, the article considers how built heritage has become a backdrop for differentially positioned cultural-economic activities.

Purpose– This paper aims to make the case for the development of an adaptive reuse rating tool targeted to new building design that maximises the embedded adaptive reuse potential of these buildings later in their life, thereby adding to built environment sustainability.Design/methodology/approach– This exploratory study retrospectively analyses successful adaptive reuse projects to establish and test a multi-criteria decision-making model for new design projects. This paper contains a report on the final stages of the research methodology (quantitative approach) used in the development of the adaptSTAR model that critically assesses the list of design criteria identified in the first stage of the study. Improvements to the case studies that would have further enhanced their reuse potential later in life are proposed. The results are compared to an established decision tool (adaptive reuse potential [ARP] model) to determine their level of consistency.Findings– The findings of this research show that design criteria can be identified and weighted according to seven categories to calculate a building’s adaptive reuse star rating. Both the adaptSTAR and ARP models exhibit a strong relationship and are positively correlated.Originality/value– The research demonstrates that by applying adaptSTAR to new designs, it will contribute to greater sustainability for the built environment in the long term via reducing the rate of building obsolescence.

Purpose – Many of the heritage adaptive reuse projects in Islamic Cairo did not report success. Existing evaluations are usually drawn from a singular perspective – such as preservation and sustainability. The purpose of this paper is to generate a comprehensive assessment framework of adaptively reused heritage buildings that is specifically developed for the case of Islamic heritage of Cairo. Design/methodology/approach – This paper depends on an extensive literature review about primary goals of adapting heritage for reuse. Related to each goal, multiple criteria of assessment are derived from literature, and then explained to mention worldwide benchmarks in that field. Findings – A successful heritage adaptation project shall aim to achieve: building preservation, success of new function, and local community development. The framework is able to organize the adaptive reuse literature in general, and to specifically provide direct goals and guidelines in the case of Cairo. Research limitations/implications – In research and practice, priorities of heritage reuse vary from case-to case; however, this paper considers all assessment criteria to be of equal importance. Practical implications – In order to apply and technically develop this assessment framework, future research can describe methodologies for assessment and to set optimum quantitative and/or qualitative indicators’ thresholds for each criterion. Social implications – This paper highlights that new uses of heritage buildings should be assessed for having a role in the upgrading the socio-economic milieu of the people living. The new functions shall act as a stimulant for economic upraising and social reinforcement for the local business and small traditional industries. Originality/value – The framework can be used as a checklist in either the planning of adaptive reuse projects or the evaluation of already completed ones. The framework shall assist governmental institutions, developers, owners, community groups, practitioners, and others in bringing forward successful adaptation schemes in Cairo.

Industrial heritage in Albania is a new concept which has started to be promoted only in these last years. After more than two decades of democracy, the country has not yet confronted management of underused industrial sites. This paper makes a general description of industrial sites in the city of Lac, Albania. Historical transformation and changes through time, has ended up with a complicated situation of some deteriorated sites and some others reused for various functions. Following, this case is compared with other successful reuse cases for industrial purposes, in England and Sweden. This study provides an alternative approach of reuse methodology in other EU countries and an example of good practices. Furthermore, Albanian businessman and the government can learn how to deal with similar cases in other cities, where industrial sites are still abandoned and left without investments. At the end, this paper gives contribution in the limited academic studies regarding industrial heritage in country.

This paper studies the daylight characteristics in selected high schools that are located in heritage-listed buildings. Heritage buildings were selected in this research due the problematic condition regarding the indoor illumination level after being adaptively reused. Based on the previous research, lighting in educational institution is a critical factor because poor lighting not only isdetrimental to the occupants’ visual comfort but also might lead to visual fatigue. To achieve the objectives of this paper, daylight level measurements and observation were conducted. The results show that the daylight that penetrates into the classrooms were below the standard due to many obstructions founded in both schools. Artificial lightings were used as a supplementary during thewhole school hours since the daylight was not uniformly distributed. Thus it can be concluded that the inappropriate adaptive reusing heritage building indoor is significantly affecting the indoor light level and might lead to visual discomfort issues for students. The research findings as well as the suggestions have been delivered to the school management to overcome the issues founded.

This study concentrates on the value of the interior design profession and how a concept and scale approach can enable a holistic professional approach. The emphasis of the paper is on interior design education, particularly the second-year studio where the interior design process is learned. The adaptive reuse project building was in Çeşme, Turkey and designed as a museum for a chosen artist. The method involved understanding the design process as a whole, beginning from a larger scale that includes landscape, leading to the detailing scale. While the first semester emphasized abstract issues, the second semester focused on materialization of ideas into applicable decisions. The project process was divided into four stages within each semester. The resulting projects drawings and models represented advanced levels of knowledge regarding the stages and process of interior design, its components, as well as an understanding of larger and smaller scales inherently connected to the profession., Bu çalışma, içmimarlık mesleğinin değeri ve bir akademik yıl süresince kullanılan konsept ve ölçek yaklaşımının bütüncül bir profesyonel yaklaşımı sağlamasına odaklanmaktadır. Çalışmanın ana fikri, özellikle iç mekan tasarım sürecinin öğrenildiği ikinci yıl stüdyosu olmak üzere, içmimarlık eğitimi üzerinedir. Yeniden işlevlendirme proje binası Türkiye'de İzmir’in Çeşme ilçesinde bulunmaktadır ve seçilmiş bir sanatçı için müze olarak tasarlanmıştır. Yöntemde, peyzaj içeren en büyük ölçekten detay ölçeğine kadar tasarım sürecini bir bütün olarak anlamayı hedeflenmiştir. İlk dönem soyut konular vurgulanırken, ikinci dönem fikirlerin uygulanabilir kararlara dönüştürülmesine odaklanılmıştır. Proje süreci her dönem içinde dört aşamaya ayrılmıştır. Proje çizim ve maketleri, iç mekan tasarım aşamaları ve süreci, bileşenleri ve doğası gereği meslekle bağlantılı daha büyük ve küçük ölçeklerin anlaşılmasıyla ilgili ileri düzeyde bilgiyi yansıtmaktadır.

Communities are faced with the conundrum of what to do with obsolete industrial buildings. Revitalization through adaptive reuse is seen as one option, with many buildings being converted to hotels. This paper analyses the policy by the Hong Kong government to encourage adaptive reuse of under-utilized high rise industrial buildings. It was launched over 20 years ago, with hotel conversion permitted since 2000. To date, though, few successful hotel redevelopments have occurred. Through in-depth interviews with key informants, secondary data analysis, and multiple site visits, the paper analyses why the policy has failed. Informants identified four broad themes, including core weaknesses of the policy itself, pragmatic development complications, building-specific reasons and various contextual issues.