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A plastic material is any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic solids that are flexible. Plastics are typically organic polymers of high molecular mass, but they often contain other substances. They are usually synthetic, most commonly derived from petrochemicals, but many are partially natural. Plastics are inexpensive, lightweight, strong, durable, corrosion-resistant materials, with high thermal and electrical insulation properties. The study was executed to know the current practices of plastic bags and usage among the housewives of urban areas of Dharwad city. The sample of 200 households were selected for data collection on usage and practices of plastic bags through questionnaire. Results of the study indicated that majority of the respondents are having graduation and PUC level of education and belongs to 30-55 years of age. Cent percent of the respondents using plastic container for storage and purchase of material. Plastic bags are available free of cost and low price are the reasons for usage. The respondents are followed good practice for usage of plastic bags. Now a day’s most of the respondents are facing problems while marketing are non-availability of plastic bags due to plastic ban effect in India. They opined that paper bags are available to carry the purchased materials while shopping and said that paper bags are costlier than plastic bags.

Integration of environmental and sustainability management into the construction industry has become essential as a result of a need to improve financial performance, adopt international protocols in a global marketplace, address stakeholder interests, and attain high environmental performance. Communities also expect organizations to comply with environmental standards and reduce the environmental impacts in their daily operations. That may be a challenge, but it is also an opportunity for the organizations to demonstrate their commitment to environmental responsibility and sustainability. Environmental impacts arising from the construction industry and the consequences could be challenging if appropriate practices are not in place. Therefore, adopting responsible approach to management of environmental matters and embedding the environmental and sustainability principles into the full lifecycle of the projects, starting as early as conceptual design, is crucial for long-term success. Responsible environmental management and commitment to sustainability has been central to Public Works Authority (PWA)'s success as a leading government organization. This is evident from the manner in which PWA is requesting all contractors and consultants working on behalf of PWA projects to develop and implement Environmental Management System (EMS) and comply with international sustainability rating schemes for their projects. This paper provides information on a case study; namely the Musaimeer Pumping Station and Outfall (MPSO) project and discusses the strategies, systems, procedures, and tools developed and implemented by the Project Management Consultant (PMC) and the Contractor to achieve and exceed PWA's environmental and sustainability requirements for the project.

The growing visibility of plastic pollution, particularly negative environmental impacts of single-use plastic bags, has entered the political debate, triggering policy interventions to control its manufacturing and use. This trend was also felt in Southern Africa, a region with high urbanization, leading to increased resource use and plastic consumption, heavily reliant on tourism, an industry highly impacted by plastic pollution. This paper reviews existing single-use plastic bag reduction policies in the Southern African Development Community (SADC). All 16 SADC members have announced a plastic bag reduction policy, but interventions vary in stages of implementation. Waste management emerged as the most important policy driver and over 55% of SADC members adopted a top-down approach in developing these policies to address these environmental challenges. Most SADC members with existing policies did not conduct public awareness campaigns, raising effectiveness issues. Further research on effective plastic bag reduction policy development, enforcement and monitoring would address an important knowledge gap.

En este trabajo se examinan las restricciones a la comercialización de bolsas y otros productos de plástico establecidas por algunas legislaciones autonómicas por encima de las fijadas con carácter básico por el legislador estatal, destacando la importancia de analizar este tipo de cuestiones no sólo desde una perspectiva competencial, como hizo la STC 100/2020, relativa a la Ley Foral navarra 14/2018, de 18 de junio, de residuos y su fiscalidad, sino también sustantiva, en cuanto creadoras de obstáculos a la libre circulación de mercancías dentro del mercado español, para lo que se trae a colación el tratamiento de estas mismas cuestiones en el ámbito del Derecho comunitario europeo, del que por lo demás traen causa las referidas restricciones. Se concluye advirtiendo de una cierta tendencia en la jurisprudencia constitucional más reciente a derivar algunas garantías constitucionales de la libertad de empresa y la unidad de mercado hacia ese ordenamiento supranacional. In this paper, the marketing restrictions for bags and other plastic products established by some autonomous legislations over and above those established with a basic nature by the state legislator are examined, highlighting the importance of analyzing this type of issue not only from a competence perspective, as did the STC 100/2020, regarding Navarre Foral Law 14/2018, of June 18, on waste and its taxation, but also substantive, as creators of obstacles to the free movement of goods within the Spanish market. In this regard, the treatment of these same issues in the field of European Community Law is brought up, from which the aforementioned restrictions originate. It concludes by warning of a certain tendency of the most recent constitutional jurisprudence to set back some constitutional guarantees of the freedom of enterprise and the unity of the market towards that supranational order.