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The chemical composition, distribution, and abundance of physiological groups of bacteria in thermal waters and microbial mats formed in the Nachikinsky, Malkinsky, and Verkhne-Paratunsky springs were studied. The degree of accumulation of microelements and formation of minerals by microbial mats of Kamchatka’s thermal springs was also analyzed. The study shows that the waters are characterized by different chemical composition, temperature, and pH content. The thermal waters under study show a low composition and numbers of functional groups of bacteria with the predominance of thionic bacteria. Prevalence of saprophytic, thionic, sulfate-reducing, manganese-oxidizing, ammonifying and nitrifying microorganisms in microbial mats was registered. The relevance of formed microbial mats in the concentration of many heavy metals, alkaline and alkaline earth elements was shown. Thus, cobalt, vanadium, arsenic (Nachikinsky), beryllium, cobalt (Malkinsky), cobalt and scandium (Verkhne-Paratunsky) were most concentrated in microbial mats of Kamchatka’s hydrotherms. All studied microbial communities show the lowest accumulation of Li (1.17-2.22), Sr (2.11-2.79), Rb (2.61-3.12), Cs (2.88-2.98) and As (1.98-2.58). The formation of minerals was found in algo-bacterial mats: quartz, plagioclase, anorthite, calcite, and magnetite.

Relevance. At present, three infections – HIV infection, tuberculosis, and COVID-19 - are spreading simultaneously in the world. Of great practical importance is the assessment of clinical and epidemiological features of COVID-19 in HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis, COVID-19. Aim. To study the risk of COVID-19 disease and identify clinical and epidemiological features in and population of patients with HIV infection complicated by tuberculosis in comparison with patients with HIV infection and the population without these diseases.Materials and methods. Since 13.03.2020 by 31.12.2021 in the Kemerovo Region-Kuzbass, a continuous prospective analytical epidemiological study of the case-control type was performed. Of those with COVID-19, two observation groups were formed: group I (HIV +), group II (HIV/TB) and comparison group III (persons without either HIV or tuberculosis). All patients underwent: determination of SARS-CoV-2 RNA, standard examination methods in accordance with the temporary methodological recommendations «Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19)», relevant at the time of treatment.Results. The incidence of COVID-19 among patients with HIV infection complicated by tuberculosis exceeded the incidence of COVID-19 among HIV-infected by 14%. There were no gender differences between patients I (HIV +) and II (HIV/TB) groups. In the comparison group, the incidence of COVID-19 was 1.26 times higher in women compared to men. COVID-19 disease in patients with co-infection (HIV/TB) was predominantly mild. Viral pneumonia developed 1.86 times less often, oxygenotherapy was required only in 18.75% of cases, which is 2.5 times lower than in group I (HIV +) and 2.47 times less than in the comparison group (III). In labeled pairs, clinical symptoms of COVID-19 in all groups occurred with the same frequency. Metabolic disorders were evident in all groups. Co-infected patients (HIV/TB) had higher levels of D-dimer, ESR, total bilirubin.Conclusion. Active tuberculosis in HIV-infected people is a factor that increases the risk of COVID-19 disease without affecting the severity of the infectious process.

Pension strategies in OECD countries, the dynamics of pension fund assets at the beginning of the third century are highlighted in the article. Long term demographic pressure from ageing are accompanied at the end of the second – the beginning of the third decades by pandemic challenges with unstable contributions, slowing expectancy gains in old age, problems of low retirement benefits. After the first year coronavirus pandemic stress, the retirement savings in pension funds grew faster than GDP in the OECD area. Pension fund assets continue growing in almost all countries of the area, with the highest rate in Turkey, Lithuania; also a double-digit growth assets rate in Finland, France, Greece, New Zeeland, the United States, etc. As pension fund assets show large variations across countries, the decline of assets was mentioned in Chile, Peru, Estonia. The largest volume of assets are in the United States pension funds leaving far beyond the assets in each of the other countries; but taking the assets percent of GDP, in the Netherlands, Iceland, Denmark it’s higher than in the United States.

Since 2019, the interest in coronavirus infection has increased worldwide due to the emergence of several pandemic outbreaks associated with this group of pathogens. In total, 3 outbreaks of pandemics were registered in the 21st century, caused by new strains of coronaviruses: MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Among them the leader in prevalence, occurrence of severe respiratory complications and mortality is SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the coronavirus disease of 2019. COVID-19 is a disease characterized by acute respiratory viral syndrome, transmitted by airborne droplets. The clinical course of COVID-19 varies significantly from patient to patient and can range from asymptomatic to severe forms. One of the common symptoms of the manifestation of COVID-19 is a smell disorder. The pathogenesis and clinical course of coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 were examined to identify the causes leading to olfactory disorders in the manuscript. The analysis of existing methods for the diagnosis of olfactory disorders and their treatment was also carried out. The content of the article includes current hypotheses of the pathogenesis of viral anosmia in COVID-19 and a new look at the relevance of this problem among the population around the world. The article analyzes scientific data on the problem of anosmia in coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2, investigates modern diagnostic methods, highlights the principles of treatment of patients with post-COVID anosmia and presents prospects for further research on this problem.

Graph comparison is a certain type of condition on metric space encoded by a finite graph. We show that any nontrivial graph comparison implies one of Alexandrov's comparisons. The proof gives a complete description of graphs with trivial graph comparisons., Comment: English+Russian, 7+7 pages, 11+11 figures

Purpose is to identify the features of the clinical picture, course and outcomes of Haff disease in the Tyumen region. Materials and methods. a retrospective study was conducted. There were included nine patients (7 men and 2 women) with a diagnosis of “Alimentary-toxic paroxysmal myoglobinuria (Haff disease) (T62.8)”. Were collected original demographics (age, gender), symptoms, time to onset of initial symptoms, time to hospitalization, and laboratory tests (general blood analysis, biochemical analysis of blood, analysis of blood coagulation functions and of arterial blood gases). Results. 4 (44.4%) patients had stage 3 severity, in 3 (33.3%) — stage 2 severity and in 2 (22.3%) — stage 1 severity of alimentary-toxic paroxysmal myoglobinuria. The main complaints presented by patients at the moment admissions were pain in the leg muscles (n = 6; 66.7%) and lower back (n = 6; 66.7%), dark urine (n = 5; 55.5%) and weakness (n = 4; 44.4%). Myoglobin, ALT, AST, LDH, CPK and CPK-MB were increased in all patients, the average level of these indicators was 4691.4 ± 2831.5 ng/ml, 1572.0 ± 547.5 U/L, 547.3 ± 158.2 U/L, 1555.7 ± 420.6 U/L, 33662.4 ± 15195.7 U/L and 1848.8 ± 692.6 U/L, respectively. The main complications developed in patients with stage 3 severity include acute renal and hepatic insufficiency and cardiomyopathy. Milder degrees of the disease (1–2 stages) were characterized by such complications as hepatitis and myocarditis. Also 1 death was observed, the analysis of this clinical case is analyzed in detail. Limitations. The main limitation of the study is the small group of patients due to the rare occurrence of Huff disease. In addition, there are no data on the amount of eaten fish, while there is evidence of a direct relationship between the severity of the disease and the amount of eaten food. The results are obtained in this region, and may differ from the results of other territories. Conclusion. with the development of myalgia or weakness of unknown etiology, it is necessary to ask patients if they have eaten fish in the previous 24 hours.

Background. Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the world’s main food crops. In Russia, its gross harvest in recent years has reached 21.079 million tons. Blumeria graminis is one of the most harmful diseases of bread wheat. Annual harvest losses can reach 10–30%. In Leningrad Province, powdery mildew appears almost every year on cereals. Development of cultivars resistant to powdery mildew is the most important trend in spring bread wheat breeding. Its progress is determined by new sources of effective resistance genes and their incorporation into promising spring bread wheat cultivars. The purpose of this work was to retest the seedling and adult resistance to powdery mildew in spring bread wheat accessions selected over a period of more than twenty years and redefine the effectiveness of disease resistance sources at the present time.Materials and methods. Since 2000, VIR has conducted a search for powdery mildew resistance among 1283 spring bread wheat accessions. The identified 36 sources of adult and seedling powdery mildew resistance were reevaluated in 2022. Field and laboratory studies into the resistance to the pathogen were performed according to VIR’s guidelines.Results and discussion. In 2022, field and laboratory studies of spring bread wheat cultivars revealed accessions with resistance to the pathogen in all phases of plant development. Six sources remained resistant to powdery mildew for 13–22 years, another six showed resistance for 7–12 years, and 8 cultivars were immune for 6 years. Resistance of 9 accessions identified for this trait in 2020 was confirmed.Conclusion. Field and laboratory research into the resistance of spring bread wheat accessions to the pathogen identified sources retaining seedling and adult resistance to the Leningrad population of powdery mildew for 7 years or more. These accessions are recommended for use in wheat breeding programs.

Introduction: Periodontitis is one of the most urgent problems of modern dentistry. The development of new paradigms and regimens of combination therapy of patients with periodontitis is a strategic task for pharmacologists and dentists. In view of this, pathomorphological examination is of high importance, since it allow us to conclude about the therapeutic effectiveness of the administered drugs with high objectivity. Aim of the study: to evaluate the effect of the composition of Soderm®-Forte and Cytoflavin® on the pathomorphological pattern of gum tissues of rats with experimental periodontitis (EP). Materials and Methods: EP was simulated in rats by ligature method. Study design: animals with intact periodontium; animals with untreated EP; animals with EP treated with traditional drug therapy (TDT); animals with EP treated with the combination of TDT and Soderm®-Forte gel; and animals with EP treated with the combination of TDT, Soderm®-Forte and Cytoflavin®. For pathomorphological examination, biopsy specimen was taken from the gingival margin of the lower incisors. Slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, as well as by Masson. Computer morphometry was performed using the ImageJ software. Results: In EP, TDT has a moderate positive effect on pathomorphological changes in the gum. The combination of TDT and Soderm®-Forte and, to a greater degree, the combination of TDT, Soderm®-Forte and Cytoflavin® have high therapeutic efficacy, characterized by rapid regeneration of the gum tissues. Conclusion: The combination of TDT, Soderm®-Forte and Cytoflavin® in EP has a more pronounced therapeutic effect, manifested by early regression of pathological changes and acceleration of tissue regeneration in the gum. Graphical Abstract

A huge contribution to the development of modern lymphology belongs to the great Soviet scientist Professor Dimitry Arkadyevich Zhdanov. He performed an active scientific and educational work, which was frequently review in different journals. In particular, the work of D.A. Zhdanov in Moscow and Leningrad were the subject of several publications. At the same time, the Tomsk period of the life of Dimitry Arkadievich did not receive wide coverage in the literature. In this paper, the authors study the results of D.A. Zhdanov’s work in Tomsk as director of the Tomsk Medical Institute named after V.M. Molotov, scientific progress of his students and their influence on development of lymphology.

In the second half of 2022, the Japanese political world was shaken by a major scandal: in July 2022, former Prime Minister and a prominent member of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party Abe Shinzō was killed at an election rally. The assassin, caught at the crime scene, declared that the murder was a revenge for the victim’s connection with the Unification Church, which, according to the perpetrator’s words, had led his family to financial ruin. Initially, this explanation seemed fantastical, but the investigation that followed revealed that both Abe Shinzō himself and many other Japanese politicians had been maintaining connections with the Unification Church for many years. This caused an uproar in Japanese society, especially given the rather controversial reputation of the Unification Church. On January 26, 2023, the Association of Japanologists and the research laboratory “Center for Japanese, Korean, and Mongolian Studies” of the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO University) held a roundtable “Unification Church in Japan as a Sociocultural and Political Phenomenon”. The participants of the roundtable analyzed the situation around the Unification Church and its role in Japanese politics in detail, studied the specific features of the “new religions” in Japanese society, and considered the factors determining their influence on the political world of Japan.

Severe pneumonia is a condition with a high risk of death and mandatory hospitalization in the intensive care unit. The incidence of severe pneumonia has increased dramatically during the pandemic of new coronavirus infection. Timely diagnosis and early initiation of adequate treatment of severe pneumonia are crucial for improving survival of critically ill patients.The aim of this review was to analyze published scientific research on molecular markers that allow to objectively assess the severity of pneumonia and to determine treatment tactics based on the predicted outcome upon admission to the hospital. A systematic search was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed, Medline, Web of Science for the period 2019 - 2022.Conclusion. The review focuses on the prognostic role of a number of markers of immune response, vascular transformation, as well as angiotensin II and angiotensin converting enzyme-2. Further prospective studies of potential predictors of severe pneumonia will enable using marker molecules in a comprehensive clinical and laboratory diagnosis for early prediction of the hospitalized patient’s condition and expected outcome.

Injectable allogeneic decellularized biomaterials are being developed both as scaffolds for delivery of cellular products and as independent pharmacological agents that affect the cascade of tissue reactions during the period of post-ischemic myocardial remodeling. Biomaterial degradation products can affect cellular processes and modulate cytokine effects, thus determining the healing strategy of damaged tissue. In this work, the influence of biomaterial on the expression of key fibrogenic factors by the cells of tissue bed was demonstrated, and the degree of damage to the myocardium during its ischemic damage was experimentally determined. The aim of our study was to determine the area of myocardial scar degeneration and detection of key fibrogenic factors (bFGF-1, TGFb1, MMP-9), as well as TIMP-2 (MMP-9 antagonist) at the acute and subacute stages of myocardial infarction after implantation of allogeneic powder-like biomaterial in an experimental model.In the course of experiments, the left ventricular coronary artery was ligated in male Wistar rats (experimental group). All animals were divided into 3 groups: experimental group I (n = 50), experimental group II (n = 50), and controls (n = 50). In experimental group I, the artery ligation was simultaneously accompanied by intramyocardial administration of powder-like biomaterial suspension (2 mg). In experimental group II, the allogeneic powder-like biomaterial was administered 5 days after coronary occlusion, and only physiological saline was administered in the control group. The animals were withdrawn from experiment on days +3, +7, +14, +30, and +45. Standard histological assessment (hematoxylin and eosin staining, according to Mallory) and immunohistochemical examination (MMP-9, TGFb1, bFGF-1, TIMP-2) were made, and statistical evaluation was performed. The cells with positive staining were counted, and the scar area index was calculated.We have found that administration of dispersed allogeneic biomaterial was followed by a five-fold decrease in the degree of scar degeneration in both experimental groups at the acute and subacute stages of ischemic myocardial damage as compared to the control group. A significantly decreased expression of fibrogenic factors (MMP-9, TGFb1, bFGF-1) by the local cells was found, along with increased activity of metalloproteinase inhibitor (TIMP-2) in connective tissue cells.Decellularized allogeneic powder-like biomaterial serves as a fibrosis inhibitor and promotes cardioprotection during myocardial remodeling at the initial stages after ischemic injury.

Introduction: In the course of evolution, humans developed a number of complex multi-step wound healing mechanisms which limit the infectious agents access to the bloodstream, protect the organism from blood loss, and restore skin integrity. The process of skin wound healing includes the following stages: haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. These processes are possible because of modulators, growth factors, cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases and cellular receptors, as well as some trace elements like zinc. Materials and Methods: The presented data was analyzed and compiled using all relevant articles describing the role of zinc in blood coagulation, proliferation, damaged tissues regeneration and angiogenesis. Results and Discussion: There are some on-going studies about zinc effects on blood coagulation, proliferation, damaged tissues regeneration and angiogenesis. However, molecular mechanisms of these processes are not yet fully understood and require further study. The analysis of scientific efforts to investigate the role of zinc in wound healing molecular mechanisms is especially relevant to the understanding of treatment of skin wound injuries. Conclusion: Wound healing is a complex multi-phase process consisting of several phases. Each stage involves metal ions, primarily zinc, which stimulates re-epithelialization, decreases inflammation and bacterial growth. The use of known zinc-based drugs is accompanied by side effects and low efficacy due to low skin absorption. These factors significantly limit use of such drugs and highlight the urgency of finding new, more effective and safe treatment. The emerging field of nanobiotechnology may provide an alternative platform to develop new therapeutic agents for the wound healing process. Graphical Abstract

The article deals with an unknown manuscript of the late 18th century found in the archives of the Dmitrov Kremlin. Notes previously belonged to the Apraksin family and were kept in the library of the Olgovo estate. Stepan Stepanovich Apraksin was a well-known music lover, in Olgov there was a serf theater, an orchestra, and a choir. The singers sang at divine services in the Church of the Introduction of the Virgin in the village adjacent to the estate. The manuscript contains two hymns — "Dostojno est’" and "Angel vopijashe". The manuscript contains an indication of the authorship of Bortnyansky. The question is being considered whether this authorship can be attributed to both chants, or only to “Dostojno est’”. The music of the choir "Angel vopijashe" is analyzed.The chant "Angel vopijashe" most likely belongs to early classicism, it can be dated to the 1780s. It was not written by the most skillful author, who composed it on the model of Bortnyansky's chants.

From February 2 to February 4, 2023, the Department for Demography of the Higher School of Contemporary Social Sciences (Faculty) of Lomonosov Moscow State University held the 5th anniversary International Winter Demographic School online on the Zoom platform.

The present paper examines social media account usernames of Russian speakers of English. It aims to classify over a hundred Russian English usernames (collected between 2016–2021) in terms of their structure, typical linguistic features as well as translingual and transcultural patterns that underpin their creation. This paper argues that Russian speakers of English consciously and / or subconsciously creating their usernames employ a number of translingual and transcultural strategies and practices that are aimed at retaining and transmitting Russian linguacultural identity within such global multicultural English-dominated domain as international social media. Apart from signalling Russian identity of their owners, the analyzed usernames demonstrate that Russian social media users being bilingual en masse (at least, at a graphic level), do draw on Russian English for communication within the landscape of this social media thus facilitating further formation of the social media Russian English.

The digital revolution has a significant impact on world politics, including the practice of international negotiations and diplomacy, which, being extremely conservative areas of human activity, still have to adapt to the new digital reality conditions. The practice of digital diplomacy, which involves using social networks to interact with a wide international audience, is becoming widespread. New diplomacy formats are emerging that focused on working with big data, machine learning and artificial intelligence technologies. This study explores the impact of the digital revolution on the practice of international negotiations. Methodologically, the analysis is based on the structural-functional approach, according to which international negotiations act as a structural element of diplomacy and foreign policy. At the same time, the authors single out the invariants of negotiations, which include the stages of international negotiations - preparation phase, discussions and implementation of the results of negotiations. The digital revolution is changing the nature of international negotiations, creating new opportunities for negotiation tactics, as well as new challenges, primarily related to information security and confidentiality. In addition, the development of digital technologies produces new subject areas of international negotiations that focus on Internet regulation, information security and other digital society problems, and contributes to the emergence and development of new international negotiations formats - multistakeholder negotiations and online remote negotiations. The authors conclude that the main negotiation invariants remain the same. However, digital technologies are transforming the available negotiating tools and tactics. Under these conditions, new knowledge and competencies are in demand among diplomats, in particular, in the field of data management and information security.

Soy continues to be one of the top sources of vegetable protein. Structurally modified soy proteins and processed products are used as part of functional foods. Enzymatic hydrolysates of food proteins have different degrees of hydrolysis and functional profiles, hence the constant search for the optimal hydrolysis parameters. The present research objective was to design a two-stage enzymatic conversion process of soy protein using mathematical methods, as well as to evaluate the antioxidant properties of the hydrolysate in laboratory conditions. Soy protein isolate was tested to define the maximal value of the hydrolysis degree. It underwent a series of two-factor experiments in the presence of pepsin and trypsin. The study focused on the hydrolysis time and the enzyme-substrate ratio. The results were optimized using the response surface methodology in MathCad 15. The total antioxidant activity of the hydrolysate during hydrolysis was determined on a Tsvet-Yauza-01-AA chromatograph using the amperometric method. For the pepsin test, the processing time was 7 h and the enzyme-to-substrate ratio was 1:22. For the trypsin test, the time was 7 h and the ratio was 1:30. The mathematical modeling revealed the following optimal parameters. The first stage involved hydrolysis with pepsin for 5 h at an enzyme-to-substrate ratio of 1:20; the second stage involved hydrolysis with trypsin for 3 h at an enzyme-to-substrate ratio of 1:19. The resulting hydrolysate demonstrated 88% hydrolysis. The highest summary antioxidant activity was registered after 5 h of hydrolysis and amounted to about 250 mg/100 mL. The resulting enzymatic hydrolysate of soy protein can be used as a food component or an antioxidant feed additive. The obtained peptides can immobilize essential microelements, e.g., Zn, I, and Se, as well as produce polyvalent complexes. Further studies will be aimed at the residual antigenicity of the hydrolysate and other functional indicators.

Objective. To establish the effect of neurogenic shock (NS) on the course of acute complicated injury of the cervical spine.Material and Methods. The retrospective study included 96 patients with acute complicated injury of the cervical spine. The criteria for the presence of NS were determined as mean blood pressure (BP) < 70 mm Hg, and heart rate (HR) < 60 per minute. Two groups were distinguished: Group 1 included 13 patients with NS, and Group 2 – 83 patients without NS. The main characteristics of patients and the course of spinal cord injury were analyzed from the moment of admission to the 30th day of follow-up.Results. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of gender, age, level of spinal injury, severity of spinal cord injury and comorbidity. Admission BP and HR in patients with NS were below the reference values and had statistically significant differences in comparison with similar indicators in patients of Group 2. On the first day of treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU), hemodynamic support was required for all patients of Group 1, and for 69 patients of Group 2 (83.1 %). The duration of hemodynamic support in Group 1 was 11 days [6; 15], and in Group 2 – 7 days [4; 14]; p = 0.231. Blood lactate and pH levels were consistent with reference values at all stages, with no intergroup differences. Differences in the severity of organ dysfunctions (SOFA scale) were registered only on the seventh day of treatment in the ICU (p = 0.010); there were no significant differences in the severity of the patients’ condition (APACHE II scale). The presence of NS was accompanied by a statistically significant increase in the complication rate. The duration of treatment in the ICU was 28 days [22; 57] in Group 1, 23.5 days [11; 37] in Group 2 (p = 0.055), and that in the hospital – 58 days [44; 70] in Group 1 versus 41.5 [24; 59.5] in Group 2 (p < 0.025). Positive dynamics in the neurological status was noted at discharge in 15.0 % of Group 1 patients and in 19.3 % of Group 2 patients.Conclusion. The prevalence of NS in isolated injury of the cervical spine was 13.5 %. The development of NS significantly increases the complication rate and duration of hospital stay, but does not exclude the possibility of regression of existing neurological disorders.

The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the current state of public authorities and local self-government in the context of the adoption of a new federal law on the general principles of the organization of public power in the subjects of the Russian Federation. The changes in the regulations on municipal government are characterized.

Introduction. Currently, low molecular-weight compounds are being developed as potential inhibitors of CoVs replication, targeting various stages of the replication cycle, such as major protease inhibitors and nucleoside analogs. Viroporins can be alternative protein targets. The aim of this study is to identify antiviral properties of histidine derivatives with cage substituents in relation to pandemic strain SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Materials and methods. Combination of histidine with aminoadamantane and boron cluster anion [B10H10]2 (compounds IIV) was carried out by classical peptide synthesis. Compound were identified by modern physicochemical methods. Antiviral properties were studied in vitro on a monolayer of Vero E6 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 (alpha strain) with simultaneous administration of compounds and virus. Results. Derivatives of amino acid histidine with carbocycles and boron cluster were synthesized and their antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 was studied in vitro. Histidine derivatives with carbocycles and [B10H10]2 have the ability to suppress virus replication. The solubility of substances in aqueous media can be increased due to formation of hydrochloride or sodium salt. Discussion. 2HCl*H-His-Rim (I) showed some effect of suppressing replication of SARS-CoV-2 at a viral load of 100 doses and concentration 31.2 g/ml. This is explained by the weakly basic properties of compound I. Conclusion. The presented synthetic compounds showed moderate antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. The obtained compounds can be used as model structures for creating new direct-acting drugs against modern strains of coronaviruses.

BACKGROUND. Assessment of physical performance in patients is usually based on the results of the 6-minute walk test, which is primarily associated with heart or respiratory failure. THE AIM: to analyze the results of the 6-minute walk test with clinical and laboratory parameters of patients with CKD 5D, including criteria for protein-energy malnutrition. PATIENTS AND METHODS. 67 people with CKD 5D were examined, including 42 men and 25 women, mean age 49.0 ± 14.9 and 57.2 ± 15.5 years, respectively, p = 0.036. The duration of RRT in men was 96.1 ± 80.3 months, in women 100.7 ± 66.1 months, p = 0.810. The diagnosis of coronary heart disease was established in 22 people, 7 of them had AMI. The muscle strength of the skeletal muscles was assessed using a hand dynamometer, the performance of the skeletal muscles – during a test with a 6-minute walk. All patients filled out food diaries, where they indicated the qualitative and quantitative composition of the food which they consumed for 3 days. RESULTS. Walking load was most easily tolerated by patients without clinical manifestations of CAD. Between patients with and without AMI in history, the number of points on the Borg scale was comparable and reached the maximum values. The highest concentration of C-reactive protein and the lowest concentration of serum albumin were observed in patients who had had AMI. Relationships were found between serum albumin with C-reactive protein and the results of the 6-minute walk test, as well as between the mass index of the left ventricular myocardium with the results of the 6-minute walk test. CONCLUSION. Left ventricular hypertrophy masks the clinical signs of reduced physical performance, but increases the risk of cardiovascular complications. The results of the 6-minute walk test in patients with CAD should be evaluated in more detail. A number of studies are needed to clarify how dietary recommendations should be modified depending on the level of systemic inflammation in CKD.

Introduction: Postoperative drain loss can exceed intraoperative blood loss and affect the severity of the patient’s condition. Aim: The objective of the study was to find significant predictors of postoperative blood loss in surgery for idiopathic scoliosis. Materials and methods: We analyzed the data of 140 patients with idiopathic scoliosis. One hundred three patients (group 1) un-derwent Smith-Petersen osteotomy as part of the multilevel pedicle screw fixation; 37 patients (group 2) required no spinal osteotomy. Correlation and regression analysis of the data was performed. Results: There were significant differences between the groups in the number of fixed segments (ppp=0.010), and perioperative blood loss (ppp Conclusions: The study established the most significant predictors determining the volume of postoperative blood loss in surgery for idiopathic scoliosis: body weight and intraoperative blood loss expressed in percentages of circulating blood volume. A model for pre-dicting the volume of postoperative blood loss was created based on the identified parameters. This model will optimize support for the treatment associated with transfusion during the perioperative period.

Introduction. As a part of the admissions to the market for medicines, there are requirements and restrictions that apply to the application of the “risk-based approach”. Requirements differ by subject, object of the tstudy, individual characteristics. The author carried out a comparative legal analysis of the requirements and criteria established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, USA, and EU. The purpose of the study is to identify criteria, limitations in the process of conducting clinical trials of medicines involving humans. Material and methods. The author studied the Russian legislation in the field of restrictions on clinical trials of preparations and analyzed the relevant experience of the USA and EU. Methods of structural analysis, logical generalizations, classifications, comparative legal method were used. Results. The Russian regulation of drug trials provides for a fairly wide and complete list of restrictions and requirements that contribute to the implementation of a risk-based approach. At the same time, EU and USA legislation is more focused on protecting the rights of participants under study, Russian standards must be supplemented in terms of work with minors during clinical trials. The Russian legal model of clinical trials may develop in the area of ​​liberalizing restrictions and establishing more detailed the procedure for participation in the clinical trials of certain categories of persons. Limitations. This article is compiled on the basis of 67 sources available to the author (student libraries, Russian databases of articles and journals). The study is limited to a sample of 27 sources, of which 10 are normative acts on the topic of work. Conclusion. The article develops criteria for comparing the limitations of clinical trials of medicines in the Russian Federation, USA and EU, and suggests recommendations for improving the Russian regulatory model. A transparent range of requirements for conducting clinical trials ensures the safety for the population, including certain categories of people. Russian regulation should be improved in terms of ensuring the protection of the rights of the maximum number of participants, depending on national priorities, taking into account the best foreign practices.

Introduction. As a part of the registration of the drug product a bioequivalence study of the fixed-dose combination "Ezetimibe + rosuvastatin" (JSC "Sanofi-aventis group", Russia) compared with coadministered Ezetrol® (ezetimibe) and Crestor® (rosuvastatin) was conducted with 76 healthy volunteers. Enzymatic hydrolysis was used to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of total ezetimibe. This was the reason for the inclusion of the additional monitored parameters in the validation and analysis.Aim. The purpose of the bioequivalence trial was a comparative study of the pharmacokinetics and evidence of the bioequivalence of the fixed-dose combination "Ezetimibe + rosuvastatin" (ezetimibe + rosuvastatin,tablets, 10 + 40 mg, JSC "Sanofi-aventis group", Russia) compared with coadministrated monocomponent drugs ezetimibe and rosuvastatin in fasting healthy volunteers after a single administration using the described additional parameters for controlling the enzymatic hydrolysis of ezetimibe-glucuronide during the analysis of samples.Materials and methods. To prove bioequivalence, an open label, comparative, randomized, crossover two-period clinical trial was conducted. During the study, blood plasma samples were taken from volunteers, the concentrations of ezetimibe (unconjugated) and total ezetimibe (ezetimibe + ezetimibe-glucuronide) and rosuvastatin in plasma samples were determined by validated HPLC-MS/MS methods. Based on the received data pharmacokinetic and statistical analysis was performed and confidence intervals (CI) for the pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax and AUC0-72 were calculated.Results and discussion. It can be concluded that the studied formulations are bioequivalent in terms of pharmacokinetic parameters of ezetimibe (free) and rosuvastatin. Pharmacokinetic parameters of total ezetimibe were considered as secondary and were not required for the conclusion on bioequivalence. While HPLC-MS/MS analysis of incurred samples, additional control parameters for the enzymatic hydrolysis of ezetimibe-glucuronide made it possible to legitimately reject the results of inaccurate analytical batches.Conclusion. Thus, according to the criteria used in the study, the drugs are proved to be bioequivalent. The described additional parameters for controlling the enzymatic hydrolysis of ezetimibe-glucuronide have been shown to be effective.

Enterocolitis syndrome induced by dietary proteins occupies a special place in the structure of allergic diseases in children of the first years of life. This is primarily due to the difficulties of diagnosing the syndrome, since there are currently no specific laboratory tests confirming the diagnosis, and the similarity of the clinical picture with the symptoms of other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Most often, the diagnosis is established according to the clinical picture and is confirmed by a positive provocative test with a suspected food trigger. The article briefly describes the enterocolitis syndrome induced by dietary proteins, and presents a clinical case of the syndrome in a child of 11 months. This syndrome was suspected at the first appointment of a nutritionist-allergist after analyzing the clinical picture of the disease and confirmed at a repeat appointment after 1 month. The significant role in the diagnosis by the provocative introduction of a causally significant product is shown, as well as the importance of prescribing an elimination diet to achieve remission of the disease.

The paper investigates the influence of the width of the partition in the cloisonne technique of artistic enameling on the appearance of jewelry. Calculations are given for small, medium and large-sized products with ornaments of varying complexity, demonstrating how a change in the width of the partition affects the change in the areas of the metal and enamel surfaces of the decorated product. It is shown how a sequential increase in the width of the partitions by 0.1 mm affects an increase in the area of the metal and a decrease in the area of the enamel, respectively. Conclusions and recommendations on the choice of the width of partitions depending on the size and complexity of the ornament of the designed jewelry are formulated.

This article presents a reconstruction of a subsistence strategy at the Middle Bronze Age settlementRykan-3. The settlement is located in the centre of the Don forest-steppe and dates to 26th–24th century BC; it wasmostly excavated in 2009–2014. Rykan-3 is of particular interest because, unlike many other Bronze Age settlementsin the South of Eastern Europe, it yielded only a single cultural layer, which was deposited during the existenceof the settlement of the Middle Don Catacomb culture. Mainly for this reason, Evgenii Gak chose to conducta systematic excavation, and to combine it with zooarchaeological, archaeobotanical, and pedological investigations.Additionally, radiocarbon dating was provided. Various proxy data were obtained during the excavationfrom various laboratories. Pottery fragments and animal bones formed the bulk of the finds. The assessment of theanimal bones, the archaeobotanical and pedological information, and the interpretation of particular settlementfeatures make it possible to create a model of a temporary settlement inhabited mainly in winter. Its inhabitantswere mainly engaged in animal husbandry with special attention to cattle. The archaeobotanical survey could notreveal any evidence of agriculture during the period of occupation in the Middle Bronze Age. Radiocarbon datingproved that the isolated plant macro remains were clearly recent intrusions. Interdisciplinary research of thesettlement Rykan-3 and the inclusion of various information from accompanying scientific investigations havemade it possible, for the first time, to reconstruct a seasonal cattle breeding settlement, inhabited in winter, of theCatacomb Cultural Community in Eastern Europe.

The most promising direction in alternative energy is hydrogen energy, using hydrogen as a secondary energy carrier. A key component in hydrogen energy is a fuel cell, especially on solid polymer membranes. Increasing the efficiency, reducing the cost and increasing the service life of such elements is the primary task of this direction. These tasks need to be solved from two sides: by improving the parameters of platinum catalysts in electrochemical reactions of energy sources, as well as by improving the qualities of the membrane. The aim of the work is to synthesize and study composites with palladium and platinum nanoparticles in hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells.

This work is devoted to the development and research of functional and physico-chemical parameters of electrodes based on nanocomposite metals for water electrolysis. As a functional matrix support the nickel foam was chosen. The synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles of nickel-platinum with further application to nickel foam was carried out. Particle sizes were investigated by electron microscopy methods. Resource tests of electrolysis cells constructed on the basis of the obtained electrodes were carried out.

The article is devoted to the government residence "K-2" (dacha - reception house of the Leningrad City Executive Committee) in Leningrad – St. Petersburg. The article offers a comprehensive study of the architectural project (head A.V. Zhuk) and its implementation as an architectural phenomenon in the socio-cultural dimension. The research methodology is based on historical-chronological, structural-functional and semiotic approaches. Based on the historical and cultural analysis of the dynamics of building architecture creation, the article highlights several innovative techniques and functions performed by the residence, such as: representative; memorial, recording outstanding results of the creative team and builders; artistic within the framework of the ensemble perception of the object. The sources of the search for the artistic solution of the project in the process of working on it are indicated. The article illustrates the solutions embodied in the construction, reflects the scale of construction and the improvement of professional methods and techniques. Documents contemporary to the architectural design and its implementation, texts of memoirs by A.V. Zhuk and art historians are analyzed. Based on the conducted research, it is concluded that the reception house is an object perfect in function and artistic image, reflecting the synthesis of innovative techniques, taking into account the specific features of the landscape. The relevance of the preservation of the object is associated with its characteristics unique to the space of St. Petersburg.

CONTENT Introduction Current recommendations Positioning the detector and phantom Detectors and electronics Scanned dosimetry data acquisition Output Comparison of commercially available phantoms Conclusion

Earth’s climate may be stabilized over millennia by solubilization of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) as minerals weather, but the temperature sensitivity of this thermostat is poorly understood. We discovered that the temperature dependence of weathering expressed as an activation energy increases from laboratory to watershed as transport, clay precipitation, disaggregation, and fracturing increasingly couple to dissolution. A simple upscaling to the global system indicates that the temperature dependence decreases to ~22 kilojoules per mole because (i) the lack of runoff limits weathering and retains base metal cations on half the land surface and (ii) other landscapes are regolith-shielded and show little weathering response to temperature. By comparing weathering from laboratory to globe, we reconcile some aspects of kinetic and thermodynamic controls on CO 2 drawdown by natural or enhanced weathering.

Introduction. Social determinants of health are often a major topic for syndemic research. This is consistent with the fundamental idea of syndemic conditions that share common social factors and bio-social interactions. One of the earliest syndemies was the reported abuse of psychoactive substances in the United States, the experience of victimization from interpersonal violence and HIV infection (SAVA).The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of SAVA syndrome and its relationship with risk factors for HIV infection in key groups — female sex workers (SW). Materials and methods. The analysis is based on data from a biobehavioral study carried out in 4 cities of the Russian Federation and involving 817 SWs (time-place sampling). The study included a questionnaire survey and determination of HIV status.Results and discussion. The prevalence of SAVA syndemics in the groups of SWs and MSM was relatively low because of relatively low (in comparison with IDUs) prevalence of HIV infection. Full syndemics occurred in 1.27%, [95% CI=0.30–2.24%] female sex workers. Incomplete syndemics (excluding HIV infection from definition) was detected in 7.31%, [95% CI=4.59–10.02%] of SW.SWs who were physically and sexually abused had HIV infection in 16.7% of cases, only physically abused — in 10% of cases, while among those who denied violence against them — only 6.5%.