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It is well-established that familiar and unfamiliar faces are processed differently, but surprisingly little is known about how familiarity builds up over time and how novel faces gradually become represented in the brain. Here, we used event-related brain potentials (ERPs) in a pre-registered, longitudinal study to examine the neural processes accompanying face and identity learning during the first eight months of knowing a person. Specifically, we examined how increasing real-life familiarity affects visual recognition (N250 Familiarity Effect) and the integration of person-related knowledge (Sustained Familiarity Effect, SFE). Sixteen first-year undergraduates were tested in three sessions, approximately one, five, and eight months after the start of the academic year, with highly variable “ambient” images of a new friend they had met at university and of an unfamiliar person. We observed clear ERP familiarity effects for the new friend after one month of familiarity. While there was an increase in the N250 effect over the course of the study, no change in the SFE was observed. These results suggest that visual face representations develop faster relative to the integration of identity-specific knowledge.

The study aimed to examine the meat quality of chickens from a dual-purpose cross and its parent lines. The trial was conducted in the experimental poultry farm of the Institute of Animal Science-Kostinbrod, Bulgaria. The dual-purpose chickens were obtained by crossing female layers (Line L) and dual-purpose cocks (BB, based on Bresse Gauloise). At the age of 9 weeks the male chickens from the parent lines and the dual-purpose cross were slaughtered. Six chickens of each genotype were subjected to breast and thigh meat quality analysis. The crossbred chickens tended to have lower pH in breast but the values of this parameter were higher in their thighs. The BB line showed the poorest water-holding capacity (WHC) in both breast and thigh meat cuts. This line and the crossbreed showed lighter meat compared to the L line. Except the ash content of the breast and thigh meat that was higher in the BB line, the proximate composition did not differ between the examined lines and their cross. The L and dual-purpose chickens tended to have higher intramuscular fat (IMF) but lower protein in thigh meat than the BB line. The correlation analysis revealed clear relationships between the meat quality traits and the proximate composition, however they differed for the breast and thigh meat.

Subject. The most significant problem of modern preventive endodontics is to determine the vitality of the pulp and, accordingly, to make a decision about the choice of treatment method. The early stages of inflammation in the pulp may not be fully detected clinically and require the inclusion of additional examination methods that assess the state of microcirculation in the neurovascular bundle, as well as the severity of the immune response. These methods include: clinical and immunological examination of the gingival fluid (GF), as well as the assessment of tissue perfusion using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). Objectives. The purpose of the study is to optimize the diagnostics of the dental pulp condition in the context of implementing the concept of preventive endodontics. Methodology. 37 patients aged 19–29 years with a diagnosis of K 04.00 "Pulp hyperemia" were examined. In addition to the basic methods of examination, LDF and immunological study of GF (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-4) were used. In each patient, 1 tooth with pulp hyperemia and 1 intact (control) tooth were examined. Results. In the immunological analysis of DF in the area of teeth with pulp hyperemia, higher values of cytokines were obtained compared to intact teeth (p < 0.05). At the same time, in the area of 2 teeth with pulp hyperemia (5.4%), the level of cytokines was higher than their average values in the group of carious teeth. LDF of teeth with pulpal hyperemia also revealed higher values of M and σ compared with similar parameters in control teeth (p < 0.05). At the same time, in 2 cases, the highest levels of LDF were noted, which was consistent with the previously observed high values of cytokines in the gingival fluid in these loci. Moreover, after 2 weeks, a clinic of irreversible pulpitis was observed in these 2 teeth. Conclusion. When diagnosing reversible forms of pulpitis and deciding on the possibility of biological treatment of pulp hyperemia, it is necessary to assess the state of microcirculatory changes that have occurred in the pulp tissue, as well as the level of local immunological reactions.

The results of the study of 30 flax samples of different ecological and geographical origin from the collection of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) are presented. The varieties of the Russian selection 14, Chinese 6, Ukrainian 5, French 4, Belarusian 1 have been investigated. The influence of genotypes and weather conditions on the manifestation of economic traits by multivariate analysis of variance has been established. Field studies were conducted in the sub taiga zone of the Tomsk region in 2015-2017. Natural and climatic conditions met the requirements for the cultivation of fiber flax. By total and technical stem length the best varieties of the Chinese selection Heiya 4 (K-8485), Sxy 7 (K-8689), the Russian hybrid Tomsk 16 * Success (K-8544), the French variety Drakkar (K-8493), the Ukrainian Glazur (K-8695), 66-72 and 60-66 cm respectively, were significantly higher than the standard Tomsk 16. According to the fiber content in the technical part of the stems (38-40%) the following varieties were the leaders: the Russian selection P-3989 (K-8672), A-236 (K-8692), M-249 (K-8693), the French selection Alizee (K-8494), Agatha (K-8492), Melina (K-8495), and the Ukrainian selection Vruchy (K-8694), were significantly above the Tomsk 16 standard. By the fiber mass (91-104 mg) the French varieties Drakkar (K-8493) and Alizee (K-8494), the Ukrainian varieties Vruchii (K-8694) and Glazur (K8695), the Russian varieties A-236 (K-8692) and M-249 (K-8693) reliably exceeded the Tomsk 16 standard by 6-44 mg. The flax varieties of the Russian selection P-3989 (K-8672), Dobrynya (K8504), A-236 (K-8692), the Chinese Heiya 4 (K-8485), Heiya 13 (K-8486), Tyy 13 (K-8687), the French Agatha (K-8492), Drakkar (K-8493), Alizee (K-8494), Melina (K-8495), and the Ukrainian Gladiator (K-8505) and Vruchiy (K-8694) were recognized as promising and were included in the breeding process as male seed parents. The resulting hybrid material has been on trial in the selection nursery from 2017 and the second year of breeding from 2021.

Purpose. The aim of the study was to investigate changes in iron distribution in the brain of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique – quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) – in comparison with clinical data.Materials and methods. Three groups of patients were included in this prospective study: 47 patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), 20 patients with secondary progressive MS (SPMS) and 39 healthy controls. For all patients we collected clinical data, including history of present illness (H&P) and disability degree, and performed brain MRI followed by QSM maps obtaining and assessing relative magnetic susceptibility in subcortical structures.Results. We found an increase in magnetic susceptibility in the heads of the caudate nuclei and in putamen in patients with SPMS as compared to RRMS. At the same time, a decrease in magnetic susceptibility in the thalamic pulvinar was detected in patients with MS in the long term, but a sharp hyperintensity in conjunction with decreasing volume was observed in some patients.Conclusion. Increased magnetic susceptibility on the QSM in subcortical structures of the brain, reflecting iron content, is more typical for patients with SPMS, which may indicate the prognostic value of these changes.

A study of various types of malfunctions in railway transport is conducted. Their critical impact on the safety of operation is evaluated. The research is aimed at studying statistical data on appearing failures and malfunctions both on rolling stock and on railway tracks. At high loads on mechanical components, the probability of various defects is high, which requires the most thorough study of the reliability of structural elements. Any deviation can lead to significant breakdowns and cause huge damage, especially for rolling stock for passenger transportation or transportation of dangerous goods. It is also necessary to predict the indicators of reliability and stability of the system to various impacts. In this regard, the study is aimed at evaluating the failures of railway systems and their critical impact on traffic safety. Despite such a great interest in the problems of evaluating and ensuring the safety of railway transport, there is still no unambiguous evaluation of the parameters of railway carriages and the track for the maximum stability coefficient, if exceeded, the train is highly likely to derail.

This work investigates the effect of domestic plum rootstocks on the stability and productivity of Stanley plum plants. The main factor limiting the productivity of fruit crops in the floodplain soils of the foothill horticultural area of Krasnodar Oblast was found to be an unfavorable water-air regime of these soils in wet periods. The main geogenic factors that negatively affect the state and productivity of plum plants include the following: the presence of layers of low fertility and medium-clay granulometric composition in the soil profile. Depression and death of trees is promoted by prolonged overwatering of the upper part of the soil profile, caused by low filtration capacity of soil layers in combination with heavy granulometric composition and conditions of laying on the terrain (absence of horizontal surface runoff). A different degree of plum trees resistance to these unfavorable geogenic conditions depending on the type of rootstock was revealed. The lowest degree of depression under prolonged overwatering of the root-containing soil layer was observed in plum trees on the PK SK2 rootstock, which demonstrated the highest vegetative mass growth under the smallest number of dead plants. Stanley plum trees on rootstock AP1 were subjected to the greatest depression. The different degree of plum tree stability on different rootstocks is mainly related to the location of potentially active roots in the soil. The root system of plum trees on rootstock PK SK2 is characterized by the concentration of the main part (about 65 %) of potentially active roots in the upper soil layer of 0–40 cm. In plum trees on AP1 rootstock, potentially active roots penetrate to greater depths, with about 60% of the roots located in the soil layer of 40-80 cm. During wet periods and after abundant precipitation, when the soil below the 40 cm level is saturated with moisture, more than half of potentially active roots of plum trees on AP1 rootstock have to survive in unfavorable conditions.

Aim to evaluate the individual characteristics of the hemostatic system and lungs CT-scan data in patients with a new coronavirus infection caused by the COVID-19, depending on the severity of the disease. Material and methods.A comparative analysis included the results of clinical, epidemiological and laboratory examination of 209 COVID-19 patients divided in two groups: in-patients of the Samara State Medical University Clinics with moderate (n=106) and severe (n=103) course of the disease. The diagnosis was verified by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The following indicators were analyzed: gender, age, body mass index (BMI), epidemiological history, clinical signs of the disease, severity, degree of lung damage according to the results of computed tomography (CT). Results.There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of gender and age characteristics, as well as epidemiological data of COVID-19 patients. In 91% of patients with severe COVID-19, the clinical manifestations of hemorrhagic syndrome were recorded in the form of ecchymoses at injection sites, and in 75% - in the form of bleeding of various localization. The changes in the hemostatic system in patients with severe COVID-19 were characterized by high levels of platelets, INR, APTT, fibrinogen and a decrease in PI. In patients with severe COVID-19, a positive correlation was established between the level of fibrinogen, INR, APTT, PI and consolidation of lung tissue, as well as between the level of INR, APTT, PI and the presence of lung lesions in the form of "ground-glass" opacities on the CT images.

Surgical treatment is often accompanied by such complication as bleeding, and ophthalmic surgery is not an exception. The bleeding risk depends on many factors, the most significant are age, arterial hypertension, hepatic and renal impairment, prior stroke or treatment with oral anticoagulants.The aim. To evaluate the structure of patients taking novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) with an assessment of activated partial thromboplastin time before ophthalmosurgical treatment.Materials and methods. 54 patients taking oral anticoagulants were included in the study. A retrospective analysis of medical histories of patients who had surgery for ocular pathology was carried out. The patients were divided into two groups: group 1 – 28 patients whose activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) did not exceed 45 seconds; group 2 – 26 patients with APTT more than 45 seconds. The criterion for the numerical expression of APTT is the safety of performing regional anesthesia against the background of taking anticoagulant drugs. Statistical processing was performed using the Mann – Whitney test (p Results. A comparative analysis of the results showed that the patients of the group 2 had higher rates of APTT. At the same time, they were less likely to have acute cerebrovascular accident (11.5 % compared to 21 % of patients in the group 2) and prior acute myocardial infarction (19 % and 28 %, respectively). Among all the patients, women and slightly older patients prevailed.Conclusion. Patients with atrial fibrillation make up the majority of patients undergoing ophthalmosurgical treatment and taking NOACs. Surgical treatment method was phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation. Studying APTT before the surgery allowed us to identify a category of patients with high APTT, to prescribe the withdrawal of the drug before the surgery in order to create optimal conditions for surgical treatment.

The pale cyst nematode Globodera pallida is a highly specialized, economically important pest for potato production. The specialized hatching requirements, ability to adapt, and the loss of effective control strategies such as methyl bromide fumigation increase the challenge to eradicate G. pallida in Idaho. Without a suitable host, this nematode can remain dormant as encysted eggs in soil for up to 20 years. In this study, we first demonstrated that Sinapis alba seed meal extract (SME) or 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (HBA), under laboratory and greenhouse conditions, enhances G. pallida egg hatch rate when exposed to potato root diffusate (PRD). This hatch rate enhancement in the presence of PRD is speculated to be due to an increase in egg-shell permeability. We then tested the efficacy of (i) Solanum sisymbriifolium following prior treatment with S. alba SME (0 and 4.48 t/ha) or HBA (0 and 0.12 t/ha) and (ii) Brassica juncea SME (0, 0.14, 0.56, and 1.12 t/ha) following HBA treatment (0 and 4.48 t/ha) on egg viability, hatch rate, and reproduction of G. pallida encysted eggs. S. sisymbriifolium alone reduced the number of encysted eggs compared to the nontreated control by up to 67%, indicating that this trap crop triggered G. pallida eggs to hatch. When combined with S. alba SME or HBA, S. sisymbriifolium significantly reduced egg count, hatch rate, and viability more than S. sisymbriifolium alone. The combination of S. sisymbriifolium with HBA or S. alba SME eliminated G. pallida reproduction on the susceptible potato. All the tested rates of B. juncea SME alone or with HBA reduced egg hatch rate, viability, and reproduction compared to the nontreated control. Combining HBA and B. juncea SME further significantly reduced egg hatch rate, viability, and reproduction than those rates of B. juncea SME alone.

Aim To evaluate the predictive significance of gene polymorphism in endothelin-1 type 2A receptor, NADPH oxidase, p53 protein, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, caspase 8, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, superoxide dismutase-2, glutathione peroxidase-1, β1-adrenoceptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme, and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) genes in evaluating the risk of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC) in women without concurrent cardiovascular diseases (CVD).Material and methods This study included 176 women aged 45.0 [42.0; 50.0] years with breast cancer without concurrent CVD who were scheduled for polychemotherapy (PCT) with anthracycline antibiotics. Echocardiography was performed for all patients at baseline and at 12 months after the end of PCT course. Genetic polymorphism was determined with the polymerase chain reaction.Results At 12 months, all patients were in remission of the underlying disease. They were retrospectively included into 2 groups: 1st group, 52 patients with AIC and 2nd group, 124 women without AIC symptoms. The development of AIC was associated with the presence of the p53 protein gene Arg / Arg genotype (odds ratio (OR), 2.972; p=0.001), NOS3 gene T / T genotype (OR, 3.059; p=0.018), NADPH oxidase gene T / T genotype (OR, 2.753; p=0.008), GPX1 gene C / C genotype (OR, 2.345; p=0.007), MMP-3 gene 5A / 5A genotype (OR, 2.753; p=0.008), and ADRB1 gene G / G genotype (OR, 3.271; p=0.043).Conclusion Evaluation of genetic polymorphism in p53 protein (rs1042522), NOS3 (rs1799983), NADPH-oxidase (rs4673), GPX1 (rs1050450), ADRB1 (Arg389Gly, rs1801253), and MMP-3 (rs3025058) genes can be recommended for use prior to starting chemotherapy in women with breast cancer without CVD for assessing the risk of AIC. A maximum risk of cardiotoxicity is associated with the presence of the p53 protein gene Arg / Arg genotype and NOS3 gene T / T genotype.

A clinical case of primary multiple metachronous malignant breast tumors and a rare malignant schwannoma of the right hip is presented. Difficulties in differential diagnosis arose with the appearance of a metastatic process in the lungs, solving the issue of their source and further treatment. In oncological practice, only morphological examination can finally verify the diagnosis. The choice of treatment regimen depends on the affiliation of metastases to a particular tumor. At the first immunohistochemical examination, tumor foci in the lung were regarded as breast cancer metastases, which it allowed to conduct 4 courses of polychemotherapy according to the TS scheme (paclitaxel + cyclophosphane) with negative dynamics. This led to doubt about the correctness of determining the source of the metastatic process. Repeated immunohistochemical examination revealed that the metastatic lesion of the lung tissue was a consequence of the progression of malignant schwannoma of the right hip. Appropriate polychemotherapy was prescribed.

Background: Perioperative atrial fibrillation (AF) and myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS) are common complications after noncardiac surgery. Inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of both disorders. The COP-AF trial tests the hypothesis that colchicine reduces the incidence of perioperative AF and MINS in patients undergoing major noncardiac thoracic surgery. Design: The 'COlchicine for the Prevention of Perioperative Atrial Fibrillation' (COP-AF) trial is an international, blinded, randomized trial that compares colchicine to placebo in patients aged at least 55 years and undergoing major noncardiac thoracic surgery with general anesthesia. Exclusion criteria include a history of AF and a contraindication to colchicine (e.g., severe renal dysfunction). Oral colchicine at a dose of 0.5 mg or matching placebo is given within 4 hours before surgery. Thereafter, patients receive colchicine 0.5 mg or placebo twice daily for a total of 10 days. The two independent co-primary outcomes are clinically important perioperative AF (including atrial flutter) and MINS during 14 days of follow-up. The main safety outcomes are sepsis or infection and non-infectious diarrhea. We aim to enroll 3,200 patients from approximately 40 sites across 11 countries to have at least 80% power for the independent evaluation of the two co-primary outcomes. Summary: COP-AF is a large randomized and blinded trial designed to determine whether colchicine reduces the risk of perioperative AF or MINS in patients who have major noncardiac thoracic surgery. Population Health Research Institute

The issues of diagnosis and treatment of nervous system damage in the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) remain relevant, regardless of information and experience in treating such patients, accumulated nowadays. The review contains updated data on the ways of SARS-CoV-2 invasion, examines mechanisms of central nervous system damage: direct virus-induced damage, immune dysfunction, excessive thrombo-inflammation, coagulation disorder, cytokine and metabolic imbalance, hypoxia, etc.; it presents clinical examples with one variant of damage — the development of Guillain-Barre syndrome that, to some extent, allows to confirm the virus neurotropism. Doctors’ knowledge about this infection is constantly expanding, new information appears on its various neuropsychiatric effects during an acute period and post-COVID syndrome, on symptoms, treatment and prevention strategy. These data enables to understand better the reasons for developing the main clinical manifestations, from a headache or myalgia to more severe symptoms, such as a stroke, psychosis and anosmia, severity and reversibility of their course. Although several hypothesis of CNS damage pathogenesis in COVID-19 are being discussed, the unified pathophysiological mechanism of many dysfunctions remains unclear, and, probably, additional factors, such as social isolation during a pandemic, presence and treatment in the intensive care unit, premorbid somatic status of a patient, contribute to the development of some registered nervous system disorders.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of an RNA double-stranded sodium salt drug, a lyophilisate for a solution preparation for an intramuscular and subcutaneous administration, as a means of post-exposure COVID-19 prophylaxis in comparison with placebo.Material and methods. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, randomized phase III clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a double-stranded sodium salt RNA drug (RADAMIN®VIRO), a lyophilisate for preparing a solution for intramuscular and subcutaneous administration as a means of post-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19. The study was conducted in 10 research centers in the Russian Federation from May 31, 2022 to January 17, 2023. The study included men and women aged ≥18 years who cohabitate with a person with a documented COVID-19 diagnosis and do not have symptoms characteristic of COVID-19. At the randomization stage, the subjects were assigned to one of two groups: group 1 (n=400) received a study drug RADAMIN®VIRO 5 mg (1 vial) intramuscularly once a day; group 2 (n=400) received placebo 1 vial intramuscularly once a day. The total duration of the study for each subject was no more than 30 days.Results. By day 10-11, in the double-stranded sodium salt RNA preparation group, the proportion of the subjects with confirmed COVID-19 and at least 1 symptom characteristic of COVID-19 was 5.76% (23/399), and in the placebo group – 11. 03% (44/399). The difference in proportions between the study drug and placebo groups was 0.0526 (5.26%), the 95% confidence interval (CI) for the difference in proportions between the groups was -95% CI [0.0123;0.0937]). More than 94% of single-dose subjects did not become infected with COVID-19 with any symptoms during the 11 days of the follow-up. As a result of a comparative analysis, it was shown that the infection frequency in the study drug group was statistically significantly (almost twice) less than in the comparison group, which indicates a high efficiency and expediency of using the double-stranded sodium salt RNA preparation as a means of the post-exposure COVID-19 prophylaxis.Conclusion. Thus, regardless of the vaccination availability, the effectiveness and feasibility of using the study double-stranded sodium salt RNA preparation as a means of the post-exposure COVID-19 prophylaxis was demonstrated not only in medical institutions (outpatient clinics and hospitals), but also in caregivers and/or the persons in contact with COVID-19 patients. The situation was the same in the organizations and enterprises in case of evolution of a mass infection threat and the availability of appropriate medical personnels.

Introduction: Good medical care depends both on the access to specialists and awareness of patients and healthcare professionals. Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the accessibility to rheumatology outpatient care and the awareness of patients with inflammatory joint diseases with regard to the types of sources and preferences of sources for obtaining information related to their disease and treatment, as well as to establish the extent to which this information is useful to patients. Materials and methods: A pilot, cross-sectional, single center, anonymous study was conducted among adult patients with inflammatory joint diseases who were monitored in an outpatient rheumatology room at St George Diagnostic and Consultative Center in Plovdiv. A total of 56 patients were monitored. The questionnaire contained 56 questions, divided into 5 main groups: 1. questions about the disease, 2. questions about the sociodemographic profile of the patients, 3. questions about accessibility to specialized healthcare, 4. questions about the role of the nurse in the training of patients with inflammatory joint disease, and 5. questions evaluating the attitude to the monitoring medical team. The data were analyzed with IBM SPSS V.26, at a statistical significance level of p Results: Women predominated among the patients under observation (37, 66%), as well as patients in the age group of 50-79 years (46, 82%). Twenty-four (42.9%) were the patients attending the consulting room twice a year. On-the-spot booking in the consulting room was preferred mainly among patients who lived within 50km (3/16, 19%), while the rest of the patients preferred booking appointments by phone. Forty-five (80%) patients of the total number of patients used subcutaneous biological agents. Among them, the patients whose first application was performed by a nurse in a rheumatology room predominated (44 patients, 96%). All respondents (56, 100%) indicated that they had received self-injection training from a healthcare professional. Conclusion: Patients with inflammatory joint diseases need information to help them manage issues related to their disease and treatment, as well as cope with their physical and psychological needs. Our study shows that patients most commonly use a combination of information sources – they get information from a doctor or from a healthcare professional, i.e. a nurse. We highlighted in the study the crucial role of nurses in improving the access of patients to specialized rheumatology care and satisfying patients’ information needs.

The object of this study is the economic behavior of companies. The study solved the problem of conceptualizing the economic behavior of companies, taking into account the need to adhere to the goals of sustainable development and the use of smart technologies. It has been established that to assess the level of sustainable development of companies, economic, environmental, social, and managerial criteria based on corporate social responsibility are used. It is determined that smart technologies are associated with the introduction into production of cyber-physical systems integrating information and communication technologies into physical processes. To expand the possibilities of assessing the use of smart technologies, it is proposed to collect data on the expenditure of companies for a particular technology and the amount of revenue generated using this technology. The structural model for measuring the relationships between the use of smart technologies, sustainable development, and the economic behavior of companies was calculated using the PLS-SEM method. It has been established that currently, in fact, an increase in the burden on the environment, extensive use of resources for the countries of the European Union and Ukraine activates the economic behavior of companies because the coefficient of the path for load indicators is 0.916. At the same time, increasing the use of smart technologies by 1 will increase economic development indicators by only 0.104. This indicates a lesser power of the link between economic behavior and the use of smart technologies. However, the statistical significance and positive direction of the relationship between economic behavior and the use of smart technologies gives reason to recommend that the management of industrial companies pay special attention to the development of the integration of smart technologies into business processes.

hronic cerebrovascular pathology is manifested by a combination of cognitive, emotional and autonomic disorders. Correct and timely assessment and accurate diagnosis of emotional and autonomic disorders and their timely correction are important, among other things, for slowing down the progression of cognitive deficits. Objective: to study the efficacy and safety of Mexidol administered intravenously by drip infusion (500 mg 1 time per day) for 14 days, followed by oral administration of the drug Mexidol FORTE 250 at a dose of 250 mg 3 times a day for 60 days in middle-aged patients with chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) on the background of arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis. Material and methods. The open observational program included 60 patients aged 45 to 59 years with CCI, confirmed by the results of a neuropsychological and neuroimaging examination. Patients received Mexidol first intravenously (14 days), and then orally in pills – Mexidol FORTE 250 (60 days). Patients underwent neuropsychological testing, assessment of the level of reactive and personal anxiety (Spielberger–Khanin scale), of vegetative disfunction (A.M. Wayne's autonomic response scale modified by V.L. Golubev), of the severity of general, mental and physical asthenia (MFI-20) and quality of life (MOS SF-36 questionnaire). Results. The results of the treatment made it possible to establish relief of asthenic syndrome and vegetative dysfunction on the background of Mexidol use. The differences were statistically significant both when comparing with the baseline and with the comparison group (pConclusion. Patients with CCI have significant emotional, vegetative and asthenic disorders. The use of Mexidol can reduce the severity of these disorders, which gives reason to recommend it for the treatment of such patients.

Circadian rhythmicity is an autonomous period of organ cells’ functioning that is controlled by feedback mechanisms and specific genes. The thyroid gland, as a peripheral organ of the endocrine system, is subordinate to the adenohypophysis and pineal gland. Melatonin, as one of the main mediators of circadian influence, is well known for its antitumor and regulatory effects on a number of tissues, but its relationship with the hormone-producing activity of the thyroid gland has not been sufficiently studied. The purpose of the work was to analyze the current data on circadian regulation of the thyroid gland by examining evidence-based scientific publications from open databases over the past five years. Melatonin-producing pineal cells possess the homeotic genes Otx2 and Crx whose deactivation leads to a significant decrease in melatonin production by the pineal gland. In addition to pineal cells, melatonin can be synthesized by adenohypophysis-independent parafollicular cells. The effect of melatonin on thyrocytes is provided by binding to MT1 receptors and affecting the expression of thyroglobulin, RX-8, and TTF-1 (NKX2-1) genes. Under conditions of short photoperiod, melatonin inhibits the production of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) β, which, in turn, acts on hypothalamic tanycytes by regulating the balance of deiodinase (Dio2/Dio3). This leads to a well-regulated seasonal control of the release of the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine. Conclusions. Circadian regulation of thyrocyte activity occurs under the influence of melatonin, which is secreted by pinealocytes and sometimes by parafollicular cells. TSH is secreted with a certain circadian periodicity under the influence of the activation of chronorhythmic genes. Hormone replacement therapy should be aimed not only at restoring the levels of pituitary hormones, but also at restoring the biological rhythm of TSH secretion. Melatonin affects the circadian work of thyrocytes, which is proven by determining the expression of the chronorhythm genes Bmal-1, Dio2, TTF-1. In thyroid pathology, there is a violation of circadian rhythms, a decrease in melatonin levels, and a decrease in the expression of Clock genes.

The purpose of the article is to determine the current state and problems of the development of innovative activity of an industrial enterprise. The article presents the current state of innovative development of enterprises, examines the ways of financial support, analyzes the main innovative processes in modern economic conditions, identifies individual problems of innovative development of the enterprise. Methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, comparison, statistical methods were used. The analysis showed that the most important areas for improving the management of innovation and investment activities of enterprises at the state level are the activation of the use of government orders; the development of measures to stimulate the production of high-tech products competitive on the world market, which would increase exports; stimulating the import of new promising patents, licenses, types of equipment; the government’s tariff policy to restrict imports certain types of goods in order to protect national producers. The results of the research carried out in the article allow us to optimize and improve knowledge on the issues of improving the innovative activity of the enterprise.

The results of the catch of aphids in vegetative plantings of potatoes in 2018–2021 are presented. The studies were carried out in the southern part of the Arkhangelsk region (Kotlas region). Yellow water traps were used to catch winged aphids. It was revealed that 25 species of winged aphids migrate to potato plantations with an average annual number of 162 individuals during the growing season. Of the total number, 7 species of aphids carrying potato viruses were identified. These included Acyrthosiphon pisum Harr., Aphis fabae Scop., Aphis nasturtii Kalt., Aulocarthum solani Kalt., Hyperomyzus lactucae L., Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas, and Rhopalosiphum padi L. These species account for 70 to 82% of the abundance structure. Not a single individual of the most harmful species Myzus persicae Sulz was caught. In the group of virus-carrying aphids, the most numerous species are R. padi L. (an average of 48 individuals per season) and A. fabae Scop. (an average of 35 individuals per season). It has been established that the flight of aphids is largely influenced by average daily air temperatures. In the conditions of the hottest year (2021) at an average daily air temperature of 19 °C, the largest annual number of aphids was identified - 181 individuals. Winged aphids are present in potato agrocenoses throughout the entire growing season, which indicates the need for annual monitoring of their numbers and the use of protective measures.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology, characterized not only by joint destruction, but also by visceral organ involvement. Interstitial lung disease is considered the most common and serious pulmonary complication of RA, with a prevalence of about 50% according to most studies. As a rule, involvement of the lungs occurs several years after the onset of RA. The article presents a description of a clinical case of the development of respiratory disorders (severe dyspnea) as early as a month after RA onset.

The works of the Russian classics form the basis for teaching literature in schools and universities. One of the most important methodological skills that a master’s student of a pedagogical university is the search for techniques and technologies for teaching classic Russian literature for later professional activity. The following research methods are presented: Interviewing master’s students studying at a pedagogical university, content analysis, qualitative and quantitative generalization of the obtained results, prediction of the main directions of work at the stage of identification, design, and control of experiments. The research was conducted among the master’s students in the 2nd year of the Institute of Philology of Moscow State Pedagogical University (Russian Federation). A total of 45 students participated in the experimental part from September 2019 to February 2020. The study results were also discussed in the advanced training courses for teachers at the St. Petersburg Institute of Business and Innovation. The necessity of using digital technologies and organizing a dialog with contemporary literature in studying classic Russian literature is empirically demonstrated. As a result, a classification of digital technologies was created, and the main areas of work related to the inclusion of modern literature in studying Russian classics were identified. Введение. Произведения русской классики составляют основу школьных и вузовских литературных курсов. Классика живет в «большом времени», и каждая эпоха по-своему их прочитывает и актуализирует. Методические аспекты обозначенной проблемы рассматриваются в данной статье на материале опыта преподавания учебных магистерских курсов в Институте филологии Московского педагогического государственного университета и широкомасштабного исследования, проводимого в рамках гранта РФФИ «Классика в диалоге с современностью: теоретические и методические аспекты изучения русской литературы». Материалы и методы. Мониторинг работ магистрантов Института филологии МПГУ, изучающих дисциплину «Изучение классической литературы в школе» (по направлению 44.04.01 Педагогическое образование (программа: «Актуальные процессы в филологическом образовании»)) и материалы курсов повышения квалификации педагогов при Санкт-Петербургском Институте Бизнеса и Инноваций составляют контент исследования. Результаты исследования. Проведённый констатирующий эксперимент показал возрастание частотности использования цифровых технологий, сетевого контента в процессе изучения классической литературы, а также необходимость привлечения произведений современной литературы с целью организации диалога с шедеврами русской и зарубежной классики. Обсуждение результатов. На современном этапе развития методической науки появилась необходимость в структурировании цифрового контента, активно используемого сегодня в образовательном пространстве для изучения классической литературы, а также вычленение основных направлений работы по сопоставлению классических текстов с произведениями новейшей литературы.

The clinical case of acute myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism in a young soldier with the first occurred protracted attack of angina. The survey found the link between these conditions and gene mutation of type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor that plays a key role in fibrinolysis by inhibiting the formation of plasmin and leading to slowdown in fibrinolysis processes and a longer-term persistence of blood clot. It is proven that homozygous 4G/4G mutation found in the patient results in the development of arterial and venous thrombosis at a young age and is associated with a tendency to relapse. It clearly shows that hereditary thrombophilia is characterized by the absence of obvious provocative factor and single universal diagnostic algorithm; the diagnosis is based on the comprehensive evaluation of laboratory data.

The current pace of technological development creates new opportunities for improvements in various spheres of human activity, including the sphere of criminal proceedings. In the BRICS countries, the achievements of modern technological developments, in particular the use of digital technology in criminal proceedings, have their own unique characteristics. This article describes the current state of criminal proceedings in the BRICS member countries. The authors analyze practices in criminal proceedings with the aim of identifying best practices, advantages and disadvantages of using digital technology in the criminal justice sector, as well as outlining prospects for the development of this technology in the BRICS countries. The authors come to the conclusion that the use of digital technology in criminal proceedings should contribute to increased access to justice, procedural economy and effective investigation, and as a result, a fair verdict in criminal cases in all of the BRICS member states.

The article discusses the issues of the measure of punishment of the authorities in case of non-fulfillment of the appeal. The authors emphasize that the articles of regulatory legal acts provide for liability without specifying and referring to possible measures of influence for officials who have committed a violation. In addition, an example from judicial practice is given to understand that employees of internal affairs bodies, unlike other officials, if the procedure for considering citizens' appeals is violated, bear disciplinary responsibility, not administrative.

The study was conducted in the Thoracoabdominal Department of the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine to explore the role of paravertebral block in the treatment of blunt chest trauma. The study included 715 patients with isolated chest trauma hospitalized between January 1, 2020 and August 2021. 55 patients received analgesic therapy in the form of paravertebral block. The comparison group included 660 patients who did not undergo paravertebral block, in their case pain relief was provided by systemic administration of analgesics. The compared groups did not differ significantly in sex and age composition. There were also no differences in the frequency of chronic diseases and interpleural complications. There were no significant complications during the block. The comparison revealed a significant decrease in the incidence of pleurisy and a shorter length of stay in hospital. Paravertebral block is an effective and safe method of pain management for patients with blunt chest trauma. The use of this technique reduces the incidence of post-traumatic pleurisy and duration of hospitalization.

This study presents the technology of developing a universal stent graft for endovascular treatment of aneurysms and aortic dissection of various localizations, without considering the vessel diameter. A self-expanding nitinol stent was used as the frame of the main trunk of the stent graft. During the study, several variants of the aortic linear graft were manufactured and tested. The optimal stiffness and diameter of the nitinol wire were selected based on the results. When creating a bifurcation module, special attention was paid to simplifying the positioning and intravascular assembly of the structure. Implantable modules have been developed for the prosthetics of the main branches of the aorta. Dacron, optimal in terms of fiber structure, was chosen as the material of the woven shell of the graft. Linear extensibility, compactness of the pile, and tensile strength during fenestration were evaluated. To determine the heparin-controlled surgical porosity, experimental samples of stent grafts were tested on a stand simulating arterial blood flow. The wall material of the developed device had a heparin-controlled surgical porosity of 50150 mL/min/cm2 at 120 mm Hg with the possibility of maintaining a controlled endolic. The graft wall created a pressure gradient of no more than 3 mm Hg, and the flow velocity indicators were quite sufficient for adequate perfusion of vital organs. After the inactivation of heparin, blood permeability became zero. The implantation technique of the developed product was implemented on a silicone aortic phantom simulating aneurysm expansion with and without dissection. The phantom contour was filled with a solution simulating the rheological properties of native blood. Pulsating blood flow was simulated using a perfusion pump. Under X-ray control, a stent graft was installed on five large biological samples (sheep). Implantation was performed in the aortic arch with prosthetics of the brachiocephalic trunk and the suprarenal aorta with prosthetics of the visceral branches. With the experiment, we hope that the result will allow us to minimally invasively help patients suffering from aneurysms of any localization.

Animal toxicity testing is widely used in the chemical, pharmaceutical and research industries as a part of preclinical laboratory testing of substances to ensure that chemicals are safe for humans and animals. Under preclinical conditions, the safe and effective dose, acceptable dose, and exposure threshold of a substance can be established using mammals and rodents. There are enough materials on the introduction of biomodels in experiments. To summarize this knowledge, a polythematic abstract-bibliographic base was analyzed. The main attention was paid to such scientometric databases as: Web of Science Core Collection, Medline, PubMed, RSCI, as well as eLIBRARY.ru portal data for the last 10 years. An assessment of the statistical data and publication activity of the authors was made for the query modeling and ethics in veterinary medicine and medicine.The aim of the study was to analyze modern models and prospects for using new biomodels for experiments in pharmacology and toxicology.Having established protocols is important to ensure consistency between different studies within the same model, ensuring reproducibility and repeatability in experiments.Based on the analysis of literature sources over the past 10 years, it can be concluded that despite the large number of regulatory framework and transgenic laboratory animals with embedded human target genes in their genome, it is not possible to obtain an identity. Probably, the main bias in predictive toxicology will be made on neural networks and computer replacement of existing biomodels. Since, despite their relative accuracy, maintenance and feeding are costly, and the field of using animals in experiments is increasingly criticized and requires new approaches.

This work is devoted to revealing the electrophysical regularities of the process of jet electrolytic-plasma processing of materials. Electrostatic studies were carried out in the COMSOL Multiphysics program. The influence of the voltage between the electrodes, the geometrical parameters of the hollow cathode tube, the shape of the drop, and the height of the interelectrode gap on the strength and distribution of the electric field is estimated. The data on the magnitude and location of the maximum electric field strength have been refined. It is shown that the studied parameters significantly affect the surface morphology in the zone of formation of an electric discharge, which is confirmed by the results of the experiments. The modeling of the treatment zone with a jet of electrolyte plasma was performed for different parameters. It is shown that there are competing mechanisms of material removal. Surface modeling for different types of machining was carried out and the parameters of the layer to be removed were calculated. The research results can be applied to the development of technological processes for jet electrolytic-plasma treatment of turbine blades.

This study presents the experience of managing Berdyansk State Pedagogical University in the first year of a full-scale war. The purpose is to analyze the impact of management decisions on the performance indicators of the university in the conditions of temporary occupation and relocation to a new place. The relocation of Berdyansk State Pedagogical University (BSPU) to a safer territory enabled the resumption of educational activities in May 2022, after 53 days of functioning under occupation by russian troops. University staff decreased by 13%, with 57% moving to Ukraine-controlled territories and 43% remaining in the occupied zone. In addition, the student contingent decreased by 15%. The university’s scientific activity during the war decreased for only 9% in publication activity, and funding for science in 2023 increased by 379% compared to 2021. The university continued its third mission of social cooperation by providing humanitarian and psychological assistance and documenting the testimonies of people affected by the occupation. The university community currently exists in a virtual format, with staff and students in different parts of Ukraine and the world. The university must look to the future and overcome existing problems, such as preserving academic potential and student contingent, restoring electronic systems, and continuing pedagogical education. AcknowledgmentThis study was funded by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (grants 0121U10942 and 0123U100110).We are grateful to the Armed Forces of Ukraine for providing the security necessary to conduct this analysis. This work would not have been possible without the perseverance and courage of the Ukrainian army.We also thank the entire team of Berdyansk State Pedagogical University. Thanks to your perseverance, resilience, and unity, the university continues to operate for the development of Ukraine.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) as membrane structures of cellular origin participating in intercellular communication are involved in the molecular mechanisms of the development of various variants of polyneuropathy. Taking into account the increasing role of the protein corona of EVs and protein-protein interactions on the surface of EVs in the pathogenesis of various diseases, we focused our attention in this review on the role of intravesicular proteins and the protein corona of EVs in the development of chemotherapy-induced polyneuropathy (CIPN). It has been shown that EVs are effectively internalized by the mechanisms of endocytosis and macropinocytosis by neurocytes and glial cells, carry markers of insulin resistance, functionally active proteins (receptors, cytokines, enzymes), and may be involved in the pathogenesis of CIPN. The mechanisms of CIPN associated with the EVs protein corona can be related with the accumulation of heavy chains of circulating IgG in it. G-class immunoglobulins in EVs are likely to have myelin hydrolyzing, superoxide dismutase, and oxidoreductase enzymatic activities. Moreover, circulating IgG-loaded EVs are a place for complement activation that can lead to membrane attack complex deposition in neuroglia and neurons. The mechanisms of CIPN development that are not associated with IgG in the EVs protein corona are somehow related to the fact that many anticancer drugs induce apoptosis of tumor cells, neurons, and neuroglial cells by various mechanisms. This process may be accompanied by the secretion of EVs with modified cargo (HSPs, 20S proteasomes, miRNAs).

BACKGROUND: Сhronic spontaneous urticaria is a disease characterized by itchy wheals and/or angioedema on the skin over a period of 6 weeks or longer. Сhronic spontaneous urticaria is characterized by a significant disease burden for patients, their families, healthcare system and a society. Some aspects of сhronic spontaneous urticaria burden. Including the disease impact on physical activity and sport engagement, have not been well characterized. AIM: to evaluate the сhronic spontaneous urticaria impact on patients quality of life and physical activity of patients, and to assess the correlation between the level of physical activity and a UCT control/severity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 31 сhronic spontaneous urticaria patients, who underwent history taking and a survey using international questionnaires: UAS7 (Urticaria Activity Score for 7 days), UCT (Urticaria Control Test), DLQI (Dermatology Life Quality Index) и GPAQ (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire) developed by the World Health Organization (WHO). RESULTS: According to the GPAQ results, the physical activity level below that recommended by WHO was noted in five (16.1%) patients (MET-minutes/week 600). The moderate level of physical activity was reported in 17 (54.8%) patients, and the high level ― 9 (29%). Median sedentary time in сhronic spontaneous urticaria patients was 420 [300480] min/day, that exceeds the WHO recommendations. The DLQI assessment suggests that 16 (51.6%) сhronic spontaneous urticaria patients had difficulties in their sport activities. Four (12.9%) patients had very strong impact of сhronic spontaneous urticaria on their sport activities. Noteworthy, five patients had to stop their regular physical activity because of сhronic spontaneous urticaria severity. Based on the UCT data, uncontrolled сhronic spontaneous urticaria was reported in 23 of 31 (74.2%) patients, who also had a significantly lower quality of life compared to those with a well-controlled disease. CONCLUSIONS: Сhronic spontaneous urticaria may negatively affect patients quality of life, including their physical activity. A sedentary lifestyle (below the WHO recommendations) was noted in 16.1% patients. In further studies, the optimized recommendations for physical activity in сhronic spontaneous urticaria patients should consider their disease control/severity, their fitness level and patients preferences.

Cataract in patients of older age groups is one of the reasons for the deterioration of geriatric status, the manifestations of which are geriatric syndromes, but insufficient attention paid to the study of the latter.Purpose. To study the prevalence of geriatric syndromes among patients with UC, depending on visual acuity without correction.Patients and methods. Geriatric syndromes were studied in 220 elderly patients with UC, in 240 elderly patients with FC and 200 elderly patients without UC based on methods of complex geriatric assessment. The following geriatric syndromes were analyzed: sarcopenia, hypomobility, malnourishment, pain syndrome, and disorders of general motor activity, psychological problems, cognitive disorders, anxiety-depressive status, sleep disorders and urination.Results. It was found that the deterioration of visual acuity without correction of less than 0.3 is accompanied by an increase in the majority of geriatric syndromes in elderly and senile patients with UC and especially in 75–89 years of hypomobility syndrome to 93.2 ± 2.5 cases of cognitive impairment to 89.3 ± 3.0 cases, malnutrition to 88.3 ± 3.2 cases and psychological problems to 79.6 ± 4.0 cases per 100 examined, which is significantly higher by 2.0–2.4 times compared to patients of the same age with UC with visual acuity without correction more than 0.3. A decrease in visual acuity of less than 0.3 in patients with UC contributes to an increase in the prevalence and average number of geriatric syndromes in old age to 8.2 ± 1.0 cases versus 3.9 ± 0.8 cases in old age with UC with visual acuity of more than 0.3 (P < 0.001).Conclusion. The revealed dependence of the prevalence of geriatric syndromes, taking into account visual acuity, indicates the relevance of timely correction.