Search

The formation of concrements in human pineal gland (PG) is a physiological process and, according to many researchers, is associated with the involution of PG structures. The majority of scientific publications concern progressive calcification of PG, leaving out studies on the destruction of already formed calcified concrements. Our study fills the gap in knowledge about calcified zones destruction in PG in normal aging and neuropathological conditions, which has not been addressed until now.Our objective is to gain insight into human PG tissue impairment in both normal aging and neurodegenerative conditions. X-ray phase-contrast tomography (XPCT) allowed us to study PG tissue degeneration at high spatial resolution and, for the first time, to examine the damaged PG concrements in detail. Our research finding could potentially enhance the understanding of the PG involvement in the process of aging as well as in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD).The research was carried out on human PG autopsy material in normal aging, VD, and AD conditions. Laboratory-based micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was used to collect and evaluate samples of native, uncut, and unstained PG with different degrees of pineal calcification. The detailed high-resolution 3D images of the selected PGs were produced using synchrotron-based XPCT. Histology and immunohistochemistry of soft PG tissue confirmed XPCT results.We performed via micro-CT the evaluation of the morphometric parameters of PG such as total sample volume, calcified concrements volume, and percentage of concrements in the total volume of the sample. XPCT imaging revealed high-resolution details of age-related PG alteration. In particular, we noted signs of moderate degradation of concrements in some PGs from elderly donors. In addition, our analysis revealed noticeable degenerative change in both concrements and soft tissue of PGs with neuropathology. In particular, we observed a hollow core and separated layers as well as deep ragged cracks in PG concrements of AD and VD samples. In parenchyma of some samples, we detected wide pinealocyte-free fluid-filled areas adjacent to the calcified zones.The present work provides the basis for future scientific research focused on the dynamic nature of PG calcium deposits and PG soft tissue in normal aging and neurodegenerative diseases.

Body size variation attracts attention of many researchers in different fields because of its importance in organisms functioning. We sampled ground beetles of mountain species Carabus odoratus in different biotopes of Barguzinskiy Ridge (northeast part of Baikal Lake; N 54° 20’; E 109° 30’; Russia). Nine biotopes at different elevation were under the study. We measured sampled beetles for six morphometric traits (elytra, pronotum, head lengths and width). In total 984 specimens were measured individually. Length parameters varied to greater extent in C. odoratus. Elytra length and pronotum and head length as well were significantly shorter in beetles dwelling in aspen, fir, tundra, health and park birch if compared with ones in forestry habitats. Wherein width parameters were, roughly speaking, similar in beetles of all studied biotopes. Undoubtedly observed effect of biotope impact on beetles’ size variation was connected with differing environmental factors at the certain elevations.

The mineralogical features of several samples of gabbroids from the eastern part of the Mindyak mafic-ultramafic massif have been studied. The compositions of rock-forming and accessory minerals are given. The rocks underwent autometamorphic transformations with the replacement of the primary pyroxene-plagioclase association to amphibole and essentially sodium feldspar secondary assemblage. Typical accessory minerals are titanite, ilmenite, titanomagnetite, and apatite. The gabbroids of the massif cover a wide range of compositions from melanogabbro to diorites, also demonstrating significant variations in the contents of petrogenic oxides and trace elements. In terms of REE distribution, most of the studied samples of gabbroids are comparable to basalts of mid-ocean ridges, but often differ from them in high concentrations of strontium and some other rare elements. The gabbroids of the eastern part of the massif have U-Th mineralization in association with aggregates of xenomorphic zircon grains. The origin of these finds has not been established in the present study. Estimates of the PT conditions by the amphibole barometer show the presence of two maxima of values – 2.8–5.1 kbar and less than 2 kbar, which most likely fix two different stages in the formation of rocks – autometamorphism in the magma chamber during cooling and interaction with magmatic fluids (magnesian hornblende), and low-temperature (greenstone) transformations (actinolite).

The manuscript presents novel detailed mineralogical, petrographic and petrochemical studies of Early Vendian gabbro-dolerites of the Belskaya and Irlinskaya dikes of the Krivoluksky complex in the southeastern part of the Bashkir anticlinorium. We determined that the rocks of the complex underwent low-temperature changes, as a result of which dark-colored rock-forming minerals (amphiboles and pyroxenes) were completely replaced by chlorite. The gabbro-dolerites possess an increased content of sulfates strontium and barium. The geological position and contents of P2O5 and TiO2 cast doubt on the confinement of dikes near the village of Kaga to the Krivoluksky complex.

Purpose. To increase the efficiency of mine ventilation by reducing external leaks through the ventilation shaft construction. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: - to analyse the existing methods for reducing external leaks through the ventilation shaft components; - consider the possibility of using a counteracting fan to unload the main fan from external leaks; - to establish the mutual influence of the main and counteracting fans during their joint operation; - to develop a methodology for determining the operating mode of the auxiliary fan in which external leaks are stopped in full. Methodology. To accomplish the set tasks, the analysis of the existing methods for combating external leaks in the main fan of the mine was carried out; a mathematical model was developed for controlling the ventilation modes of the main and auxiliary fans during their joint operation. Based on the mathematical model, the degree of mutual influence of the fans on each other was studied, a technique was developed for determining their mode, in which the mine jet in full volume enters the main fan, and external leaks are stopped by the auxiliary fan. Findings. A mathematical model for controlling mine ventilation and stopping external leaks in the ventilation shaft elements has been developed using the methods for planning industrial experiments; the degree of mutual influence of the fans on each other has been established; a method has been developed for determining the mode of their joint operation, in which the main fan is not loaded with external leaks. Originality. The degree of mutual influence of the main and auxiliary fans during their joint operation has been determined. The conditions are studied under which the mine jet enters the main fan, while external leaks occur to the auxiliary fan. Practical value. The studies conducted make it possible to separate external leaks from the main stream coming out from the mine, which increases the safety of work and reduces the cost of ventilating the mine.

AIM: to study the role of fine suspended particles in the atmospheric air in the formation of allergic, non-allergic and mixed phenotypes of bronchial asthma in adults. METHODS: The analysis of atmospheric air pollution by fine particles in Kazan was carried out according to the database of social and hygienic monitoring of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Tatarstan for 20142020. To study the relationship between the level of atmospheric air pollution with fine particles and bronchial asthma in adults (1865 years old), a retrospective analysis of the incidence of bronchial asthma (ICD-10 codes J45.0, J45.1, J45.8) was carried out during the same period among the population of Kazan. The regional medical information system "Electronic Health of the Republic of Tatarstan" was used. Statistical modeling was carried out using the method of mixed models based on the Poisson distribution or the negative binomial distribution. RESULTS: The average annual absolute risk of bronchial asthma in the adult population of Kazan was 0.51 per 100 people aged 1865 years, an increase of 0.09 per 100 people (17.6%) per year (p=0.039). An increase in the annual maximum concentrations of PM2,5 by 10 g increased the absolute risk of non-allergic bronchial asthma by 0.066 per 100 people aged 1865 years (p=0.043). Similar dependences, but without statistical significance at the level of p 0.05, were found for such exposure parameters as the mass concentration of РМ10 and the mass of particles deposited in the tracheobronchial and alveolar sections of the lungs. For allergic and mixed asthma, no statistically significant relationships with mass concentrations and deposited doses of suspended particles were found. CONCLUSION: Air pollution with fine suspended particles increases the risk of developing a non-allergic phenotype of adult bronchial asthma, which may be associated with specific pathogenetic mechanisms, including the reaction of the epithelium to the deposition of fine particles.

The goals of the study were the formation of a model of concentrated plasticity based on spherical graphite fibers. The goal was to present indicators of the cyclic behavior of structural elements due to the lack of consideration in modern scientific research of the issue of increasing the technical level and reliability of structures due to the addition of innovative materials during the development of structural elements. Taking into account the fundamental shortcomings in construction in the conditions of installing an excess amount of reinforcement, as one of the main mechanisms for achieving strength and reliability. The aim of the study was to develop a method of improving the quality of structural elements using innovative materials through building spring hinge models. The study involved the mathematical simulation, comparison, and system analysis. The result of the work is a developed spring hinge model for simulating reinforced concrete structural elements. The work emphasizes that the obtained experimental model converges to reference data and does not reflect a significant error with the increased number of cycles. It is emphasized that the model degrades with significant calibration, while the numerical strength and hysteresis behaviour matches the experimental data at higher deformation levels. The model of concentrated plasticity based on spherical graphite fibers was developed for the range of indicators of the cyclic behaviour of structural elements. The main characteristics of the reinforced concrete structural elements under consideration in the framework of the study are provided in a table in order to visually separate the groups of structures according to the main parameters. A non-linear model of a spring hinge is graphically shown, which shows the moment of movement of the spring when a monotonous load is applied. An urgent need to build a system of indicators of the structural elements’ cyclic behaviour was emphasized. A concentrated plasticity model based on spherical graphite fibers was built for this purpose. A beam-column was chosen as a reinforced concrete structure, which is based on a zero-length spring pivot hinge at the end of each individual element. This spring pivot hinge is a uniaxial material model with a moment-rotation dependency. Such a dependency is the fundamental basis of the spring hinge model used to simulate reinforced concrete structural elements. The comparison chart of reference and cyclic strength of a spherical graphite reinforced concrete beam is presented graphically. Prospects for further research involve the development of an empirical system of equations depending on the section geometry and the properties of the structure material based on prognostic variables from the list of potential variable characteristics.

Aim. On the basis of factual material, an assessment was made of the state of land previously (more than 15 years ago) developed as arable land and "abandoned" to date.Material and Methods. Control plots located in different landscape provinces of the Volga‐Oka interfluve were compared in terms of the state of the vegetation cover, as well as the type of overgrowth.Results. Three types of overgrowing of postagrogenic lands characteristic of the initial and intermediate stages of overgrowing of pre‐climax communities have been identified: overgrowing of fields associated with a change in land use; overgrowing of fields with a nearby forest; and overgrowing of fields without a closely located forest.Conclusion. It was shown that as a result of the overgrowing of agricultural lands, the species diversity of plant communities is sharply reduced, the restoration of which is very problematic in the foreseeable future. While postagrogenic phytocenoses are able to gradually restore their production potential to the level of natural phytocenoses, however, their productivity will occur with a different species composition of herbaceous plants with low biodiversity.

Given a matrix pseudodifferential operator on a smooth manifold, one may be interested in diagonalising it by choosing eigenvectors of its principal symbol in a smooth manner. We show that diagonalisation is not always possible, on the whole cotangent bundle or even in a single fibre. We identify global and local topological obstructions to diagonalisation and examine physically meaningful examples demonstrating that all possible scenarios can occur., Comment: v3: final version

It was noted that an important and unsolved part of the problem of the inconsistency of the new tasks faced by the rescuers working under the conditions of today's additional restrictions to the conditions of using a wide variety of fire and rescue equipment in the rescue unit is the lack of a general approach to the formation of a set of goals for assessing what how well the "emergency situation - emergency rescue operations - rescuer" system functions, according to the results of simulation (both physical and with the help of computer) modeling. It is emphasized that the assignment of the properties of the system "emergency situation - emergency rescue operations - rescuer" is a necessary but not sufficient condition for solving the problems of evaluating this system. These properties must be combined into defined aggregates or expressed in the form of generalized integral characteristics. Such generalized characteristics are the quality indicators of such a system, i.e., a set of its properties that express the degree of usefulness of the system for the external environment at the output of the simulation system. It is noted that the tasks of evaluating the system "emergency situation - emergency rescue work - rescuer" can be checking the suitability of this system for its purpose, comparing such systems of the same type, deciding on the continuation (termination) of the development of such a system or adopting a ready-made system, determining the prospects of a specific system and evaluating compliance of its real state with the normative one. At the same time, the external efficiency criterion represents the regularity of personnel activity in the "emergency situation - emergency rescue operations - rescuer" system, as it reflects the functioning of this system, establishing an objective, repeated under certain conditions connection between the quality indicators of the system and those inherent in it effects The goals of the simulation evaluation of the system "emergency situation - emergency rescue operations - rescuer" are substantiated, as which it is necessary to consider the establishment of cause-and-effect relationships between the activities of rescuers and the results of the functioning of this system, the determination of the functional dependence of the system's generalized efficiency indicator on a set of selected initial indicators and further clarification based on the obtained functional dependence of such system organization rules, in which the specified value of the generalized efficiency indicator will be exceeded. Keywords: simulation assessment, system, emergency rescue operations, efficiency.

The article presents an analysis of the models of cooperation between organizations of the Russian military-industrial complex. A comparative analysis of domestic and foreign forms of cooperation between organizations of the defense industry, scientific organizations and organizations of the real sector of the economy has been carried out. Models of cooperation relations of organizations of the military-industrial complex are considered, the main participants of cooperation relations in the holding structures of enterprises of the Russian military-industrial complex are presented, formulations of the goals and objectives for building models of network cooperation are proposed. The results of the analysis of the consortium model of cooperation are presented, taking into account the tasks of diversification of the military-industrial complex. The comparative advantages of models of cooperation between Russian enterprises and enterprises of the countries of the European Union are considered. A comparative analysis of cluster and consortium models of cooperation has been carried out, a classification of forms and criteria for network cooperation of organizations of the military-industrial complex in the process of diversification has been developed, taking into account the current regulatory framework. The article systematizes the goals of cooperation between defense industry enterprises in the context of diversification and civil-military integration: technology transfer in the creation of innovative high-tech civilian and dual-use products, the development of new technologies, the commercialization of technologies and products, the development of a new line of activity and / or specialized competencies, a full-scale launch of dual and civilian products on the market, the development of territories; in addition, the components of models of network cooperation are proposed. As part of the development of scientific and methodological approaches, the requirements for building models of network cooperation between defense industry organizations are formulated.

The Inoue surfaces are certain non-Kaehler complex surfaces that have the structure of a $T^3$ bundle over the circle. We study the Inoue surfaces $S_M$ with the Tricerri metric and the canonical spin$^c$ structure, and the corresponding chiral Dirac operators twisted by a flat $\mathbb C^*$--connection. The twisting connection is determined by $z \in \mathbb C^*$, and the points for which the twisted Dirac operators $\mathcal D^{\pm}_z$ are not invertible are called spectral points. We show that there are no spectral points inside the annulus $\alpha^{-1/4} < |z| < \alpha^{1/4}$, where $\alpha >1$ is the only real eigenvalue of the matrix $M$ that determines $S_M$, and find the spectral points on its boundary. Via Taubes' theory of end-periodic operators, this implies that the corresponding Dirac operators are Fredholm on any end-periodic manifold whose end is modeled on $S_M$., Comment: 15 pages. Final version, to appear in Open Book Series volume entitled 'Gauge theory and low-dimensional topology: progress and interaction.'

Intra-specific body size variation in ground beetles is studied insufficiently, especially in response to climatic factors. Even less studied is the sexual dimorphism (hereinafter referred to as the SSD), its geographic variation patterns and response to climatic factors. We sampled ground beetles Pterostichus melanarius in 15 regions of Northern Eurasia along latitude and longitude gradients (in 17 degrees and 121 degrees, respectively), including differing habitats (open and forested) in the spectrum of anthropogenic impact (cities, suburbs, arable lands and natural). 7677 specimens were measured by six morphometric traits – elytra, pronotum, head length and width, distance between eyes. Our software applied made it possible both to catch the smallest changes in the size of traits in females and males, and to determine their direction. Temperature related factors mostly reduced beetles traits values, but precipitation related factors – enlarged them. Elytra and pronotum parameters were the traits which response differently in males and females to climatic factors, these traits showed more pronounced SSD. Head parameters showed SSD in response to those factors too. That response had the similar direction and was expressed more, either in females or males. The latter processes implemented to a greater extent in relation to the temperature including bioclimatic factors.

Introduction. The regional geographic information system, being a tool for information and analytical support for making managerial decisions, has been widely used in almost all areas of the Federal Service in the field of consumer protection and human well-being, increasing their effectiveness and efficiency. Purpose. To analyze the effectiveness of the use of a regional geographic information system in solving the problems of the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the region and to assess the prospects for the development of this system in the activities of the service. Material and methods. Retrospective analysis of the results of the adopted management decisions to improve the state of the environment and health of the population based on the implemented regional geographic information system. Results. The conducted retrospective analysis showed the high efficiency of using regional geoinformation systems when performing environmental and hygienic studies to assess the state of public health, environmental pollution, and in particular, to establish cause-and-effect relationships between the influence of environmental factors on public health and medical demographic indicators. Limitations. The limitation of the study is due to the inability to analyze the long-term experience of using geoinformation systems in solving the problems of sanitary and epidemiological well-being, as well as the lack of indicators of the effectiveness of their use on examples from other regions. Conclusion. The use of geoinformation technologies makes it possible for the authorities of the region to visually present information on priority hygienic and epidemiological problems in a particular administrative territory, and helps to determine the priorities for developing measures aimed at preserving the health of the population.

Data on the morphology, composition, textural and structural features of chromite deposits of the Ufaley ultramafic massif are presented. The mineralogical and compositional features of the host ultramafic rocks allow us to interpret them as depleted restite from partial melting of mantle peridotites. Relatively wide variations in the composition of ore-forming chromian spinel grains (#Cr 0.6–0.8) and noticeable metamorphism of disseminated ores with replacement of chromite by Cr-magnetite are noted. It is assumed that chromitite bodies were initially formed under the conditions of the upper mantle by a rheomorphic mechanism, and then their structural and geochemical transformation took place in the collisional setting of the upper part of the crust. Flattened bodies of disseminated chromitites have been preserved near competent gabbroid blocks, while other deposits have been transformed into lenses and podiform bodies of densely disseminated and massive ores of smaller size. The “cold tectonics” of the crustal stage led to the disintegration of deposits and the simultaneous local enrichment of deformed chromitite bodies.

BACKGROUND: An integral part of modern orthopedic dentistry is the rehabilitation of patients with partial or completely missing teeth using intraosseous implant prosthetics. Despite the high success rate of implant integration, practicing dentists continue to encounter biological and technical complications during prosthetic treatment. One of the reasons for the resulting complications is inaccuracies in the design of orthopedic components. Since today the Russian dental market offers a wide range of suprastructures from different manufacturers and price categories, there is a need to compare the accuracy of their designs. AIM: To identify the difference between the accuracy of fit of original and non-original suprastructures presented in the Russian dental materials market by studying microgaps between these components and original Straumann implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seven bone-level implants and six tissue-level Straumann implants were used. The original Straumann titanium bone-level and tissue-level bases were used as control superstructures. The following non-original components were used as test specimens: cast cobaltchromium bone and tissue-level bases from GeoMedi, plastic burnout bone-level abutments from NT-trading, and non-original titanium bone- and tissue-level abutments from GeoMedi, Zirkonzahn, and NT-trading. Cobalt-chromium abutments for tissue-level to a soft state were obtained from GeoMedi. Cobaltchromium specimens, namely, cast-to-fabricate and pre-smooth abutments from GeoMedi and a plastic burnout abutment from NT-trading, underwent a full technical cycle of metal-ceramic crown fabrication. All specimens were pressed in epoxy using a SimpliMet 1000 automatic hot press. Specimens were ground using a Buehler Beta-1 grinding and polishing machine with an automatic Vector attachment. Grinding was conducted layer by layer in three steps with a step of 1 mm. The contact area was examined with a Tescan Mira LMU scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: Segments between the implant and abutment and between the abutment and screw were considered in calculating the study results. Using a scanning electron microscope (Tescan Mira LMU), the length of the gap sections not exceeding 1 m and the length of each gap section exceeding 1 m were measured on each segment. For each gap, the area percentage was calculated, with the gap width not exceeding 1 m. CONCLUSION: For Straumann bone- and tissue-level implants, the original Straumann titanium bases had the highest fit accuracy, but for Straumann bone-level implants, the non-original titanium abutments from GeoMedi and Zirkonzahn also had a similar fit. The fit of the non-original cobaltchromium bases from GeoMedi and the burnout plastic abutment from NT-trading did not meet the criteria for an accurate fit of the superstructures.

Derivatization of 2D materials for bioapplications is at the forefront of nanomaterials research nowadays. Facile synthesis of the biografted 2D derivatives and insight into the conformation of the conjugated biomolecules are two pillars, promoting advances in the field of biosensing, drug delivery and regeneration techniques. This work is devoted to the synthesis and conjugation of carboxylated graphene by aptamers followed by theoretical analysis of their conformation in the immobilized state. Employing the developed method, the hole-matrixed graphene with up to 11.1 at.% reactive carboxyl groups was synthesized and thoroughly examined via core-level spectroscopy and time-resolved methods. The mechanism of the performed carboxylation with conversion of graphene oxide into carboxylated graphene is proposed, unveiling commonly disregarded impact of ether-like components to the fingerprints of the carboxyl groups. We show successful covalent immobilization of the AO-01 aptamer against Hepatitis B protein on the synthesized C-xy graphene and for the first time reveal its conformation both in free and immobilized forms via a combination of density functional theory (DFT) calculations and molecular dynamic (MD) modeling. Taken together, these results advance the application of graphene derivatives grafted with the biomolecules in the field of biosensing.

This article presents the results of studying the compositions of rock-forming and accessory ultramafic minerals of izrandite samples from Alexandrovsk metamorphic complex. It was found that petrographical, mineralogical and compositional features indicate igneous cumulative origin of studied rocks but amazing freshness of izrandite contradict with their “oldest age”. Together with igneous, numerous occurrences of subsolidus structures were found in studied rocks. These are following: reaction rims on the olivine-plagioclase boundaries, orthopyroxene-pargasite symplectite intergrowths on the olivine-augite and olivine-plagioclase boundaries, ilmenite and Ti-magnetite lamellae in clinopyroxene and amphibole grains, Ti-magnetite solid-solution breakdown structures. It is shown that spinel group mineral grains have complex structure including different blocks: Ti-magnetite with ilmenite exsolution lamellae, homogenous ilmenite and high-Al spinel, and these were probably formed by subsolidus processes. We have considered critically some scenarios of izrandite origin. We infer that izrandites are similar to cumulative rocks from some cratonic layered intrusions, but it is necessary to note that there is no hard evidence of that izrandite is relict of the oldest protolith of metamorphic rocks.

The purpose of the research is to refine a geological model of the Verkhnechonsk field of technical groundwater (Eastern Siberia, Russia), reassess groundwater reserves by the industrial category and form a geofiltration model. The article deals with the main approaches used in conducting of field and desk researches. It also introduces the organization experience of large-scale pilot filtration work under time- and personnel-limited conditions at a large operating field. The work is based on the results of long-term regime observations, field experimental and filtration works carried out in 2019- 2020. It uses the information of a geological database on the water and oil intake facility of wells, including a complex of borehole studies, as well as the data on the geological and hydrogeological structure of the field according to archival and published sources. Visual ModFlow Flex software was used to create a geofiltration model. Having conducted and interpreted the works, the justification of a natural hydrogeological model different from the one adopted earlier was performed. Thus, the relationship of two water-bearing complexes – the Verkholensky-Ilginsky complex of the Upper-Middle Cambrian age and the Litvintsevsky complex of the Lower-Middle Cambrian age was proved. The works in the Visual ModFlow Flex resulted in the creation of a geofiltration model, which correlates well with the actual data, allows to identify impenetrable barriers, as well as predicts the geomigration of hydrogen sulfide. It is the first time that the underground water reserves of the field were included in the State balance sheet in full-scale according to the industrial category B. The reassessment was performed for three sites of the field, well loads were adjusted for optimal operation of water intakes. The obtained results of the conducted research imply that the use of geofiltration model is reasonable in the fields of complex geological structure and this model can be used on a permanent basis for monitoring and adjusting of the development mode. The organization experience of works at a large operating oil field can also be useful under the reserve reassessment at analogous fields.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the 21st century is no longer perceived as a purely technological phenomenon, more and more becoming a social and humanitarian phenomenon that develops in a complex context of cultural, value, philosophical, and ethical aspects of human life. The impact of AIrelated technologies on contemporary society is still difficult to assess fully, which does not prevent enthusiastic researchers and political leaders from attempting to define a value framework that will ensure the use of AI for societal development. As interest in AI grows, more and more technologically advanced countries in the world are creating their own strategies for the development and use of this technological marvel of the 21st century. These pioneering documents often seem vague and indefinite, but nevertheless they allow us to assess how the political and scientific and technological elites of these countries see the value orientations of AI technology development, both nationally and internationally. The article presents a philosophical analysis of the value orientations of AI technology development in the USA and China – modern scientific and technological leaders in this field – on the basis of strategic documents defining the development and application of AI in these countries from the position of post-non-classical scientific rationality. The authors of the article conclude that, at the contemporary post-non-classical stage of science development, the value component is not only one of the integral components of scientific and technological activities but may be decisive in determining the goals and objectives of high-tech development at the state level.

Objectives. The development of composite structures in which a strongly anisotropic magnetoelectric (ME) effect is observed is relevant for the creation of sensors that are sensitive to the direction of the magnetic field. Such an ME effect can arise due to the anisotropy of both the magnetic and the piezoelectric layers. In this work, a new anisotropic material named as a magnetostrictive fiber composite (MFC), comprising a set of nickel wires placed closely parallel to each other in one layer and immersed in a polymer matrix, is manufactured and studied. The study aimed to investigate the linear ME effect in a structure comprising of a new magnetic material, MFC, and lead zirconate titanate (PZT-19).Methods. The magnetostriction for the MFC structure was measured using the strain-gauge method; the ME effect was determined by low-frequency magnetic field modulation.Results. Structures with nickel wire diameters of 100, 150, and 200 μm were fabricated. The MFC magnetostriction field dependences were determined along with the frequency-, field-, and amplitude dependences of the ME voltage in the case of linear ME effect. Measurements were carried out at various values of the angle between the direction of the magnetic field and the wires. All samples demonstrated strong anisotropy with respect to the direction of the magnetic field. When the magnetic field orientation changes from parallel to perpendicular with respect to the nickel wire axes, the ME voltage decreases from its maximum value to zero.Conclusions. The largest ME coefficient 1.71 V/(Oe · cm) was obtained for a structure made of MFC with a wire diameter of 150 μm. With increasing wire diameter, the resonance frequency increases from 3.5 to 6.5 kHz. The magnetostriction of the MFC is comparable in magnitude to that of a nickel plate having the same thickness.

Objectives. A topical task in the design of magnetoelectric (ME) devices based on composite ferromagnetic– piezoelectric heterostructures involves reducing their dimensions to increase their operating frequencies and optimize their integration in modern electronics. The study set out to investigate the influence of in-plane dimensions on the characteristics of ME effects in stripe and periodic nickel–lead zirconate titanate heterostructures manufactured via electrolytic deposition.Methods. Lead zirconate titanate disks with Ag-electrodes were used for manufacturing the ME heterostructures; Ni was deposited on one Ag-electrode only.Results. While a reduction in stripe size leads to an increase in the frequency of the resonant ME effect, it is followed by a decrease in ME conversion efficiency. The ME coefficient for the periodic heterostructures is about ~1 V/(Oe·cm). By increasing the angle between the magnetic field H and the Ni-stripe axis from 0° to 90°, a 2.5-fold increase in the optimal field Hm and a 4-fold drop in the maximum amplitude of ME voltage umax(Hm) was achieved.Conclusions. In periodic heterostructures, the frequency of the resonant ME effect is determined by the substrate’s size, while ME conversion efficiency depends on the width of the Ni stripes and the distance between them. The observed anisotropy of the ME effects in the investigated heterostructures is explained in terms of demagnetization effects. In the future, the anisotropic ME effect in the periodic heterostructures could be used to develop magnetic field sensors that are sensitive to field orientation.

Introduction: Many urban residents use water from alternative sources, such as springs, which are natural discharge points of subterranean water at the surface of the groundwater, for drinking and cooking. Their quality is largely determined by local environmental conditions, soil barrier functions and underlying rocks. Objective: To assess spring water quality in the city of Vladimir in terms of safety and integral toxicity. Materials and methods: We took water samples from six springs located in different districts of the regional center and popular with its citizens. The samples were tested according to standard potentiometric, conductometric, and titrimetric methods. Integral toxicity of spring water samples was determined using a Biotox-10M luminometer. We then analyzed data on 31 biochemical and microbiological parameters and integral toxicity of spring water in the city for 2017–2022. Results: We established that spring water in Vladimir does not quite comply with the standards established by Russian San- itary Rules and Norms SanPiN 1.2.3685-21, Hygienic standards and requirements for ensuring safety and/or harmlessness of environmental factors for humans. We identified priority pollutants of spring water causing deterioration of its quality for the years 2017–2021. We also noted low levels of magnesium and fluorine ions in spring water, which means that its regular intake may lead to deficiency of these essential elements in the local population. A recent increase in bacterial contamination of spring water was primarily attributed to human economic activities. Conclusion: Judging by its trace levels of pollutants posing no health risks, spring water in Vladimir is not toxic. We still rec- ommend permanent cleaning of spring areas, improvement of groundwater collection facilities, and boiling of spring water before use.

Here, we present a method for a simple GARCH (1,1) model to fit higher order moments for different companies’ stock prices. When we assume a Gaussian conditional distribution, we fail to capture any empirical data when fitting the first three even moments of financial time series. We show instead that a mixture of normal distributions is needed to better capture the higher order moments of the data. To demonstrate this point, we construct regions (parameter diagrams), in the fourth- and sixth-order standardised moment space, where a GARCH (1,1) model can be used to fit moment values and compare them with the corresponding moments from empirical data for different sectors of the economy. We found that the ability of the GARCH model with a double normal conditional distribution to fit higher order moments is dictated by the time window our data spans. We can only fit data collected within specific time window lengths and only with certain parameters of the conditional double Gaussian distribution. In order to incorporate the nonstationarity of financial series, we assume that the parameters of the GARCH model can have time dependence. Furthermore, using the method developed here, we investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic has upon stock’s stability and how this compares with the 2008 financial crash.

The article presents a life, scientific and professional path of Popova Natalia Mitrofanovna an organizer of Public Healthcare in Udmurt Republic. Popova N.M. is a representative of a large medical dynasty, who has reached an academic rank of Professor, Doctor of Medicine, Head of the Department of Public Health and Healthcare of Izhevsk Medical Academy. Natalia Mitrofanovna is an active person and a teacher, initiator and organizer of many scientific and creative ideas, a careful keeper of historical basis of Soviet and Russian medicine, its worthy continuer.

Introduction. The metallurgical enterprises of the city of Lipetsk are city-forming and provide the main anthropotechnogenic burden on the health of the population. The priority of preserving the health of the population determines the importance of studying the determinants of the environment on the health of the population and creates conditions for the organization of scientific research, which are aimed at developing scientifically based recommendations to reduce this process. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the formation of the prevalence of non-communicable diseases in an industrial centre with a developed metallurgical industry. Material and methods. We used the data of the regional information fund concerning the state of the human environment and public health, the materials of the consolidated volume of maximum permissible emissions (MAE) of the city of Lipetsk, and statistical data. The comparative non-carcinogenic hazard indices and the assessment of mass non-communicable morbidity thresholds were calculated. Results. The analysis showed that as a result of the implementation of environmental measures at the city’s enterprises, there was a significant decrease in the level of atmospheric pollution. Positive changes in the habitat state are confirmed by the incidence rate for individual nosological units. A conjugated analysis of the indices of comparative non-carcinogenic hazard and morbidity made it possible to establish a threshold for mass non-infectious morbidity by nosology for the adult population and children. Discussion. The incidence rate has also dropped significantly. The improved quality of atmospheric air has erased the apparent dependence of the level and structure of morbidity from the impact of metallurgical production alone. Conclusion. Despite the decrease in emissions from stationary sources due to technological re-equipment, the implementation of environmental measures, and the incidence of many nosologies, many problems remain unsolved.

Research subject. Detailed mineralogical and geochemical studies of rocks of the Tukan gold-quartz deposit (quartz veins, dolerites, gabbro-diorites) were carried out. The deposit is one of numerous small gold-quartz occurrences in the Khudolaz trough of the West Magnitogorsk zone.Methods. The morphology and composition of native gold was studied using an Axios kop 40 A optical microscope and Tescan Vega 3 and JEOL-6390LV scanning electron microscopes. The chemical composition of rocks was determined by X-ray fluorescence (Carl Zeiss VRA-30) and atomic emission (Shimadzu ICPE-9000) analyzes. Fluid inclusions were analyzed using Linkam TMS-600 thermostage equipped with Link-System 32 DV-NC software and an Olympus BX51 optical microscope. The gas composition of fluid inclusions was examined by Raman spectroscopy (Horiba LabRam HR800 Evolution).Results. Gold-bearing quartz veins and dolerites intersect ing the gabbrodiorite intrusion of the Khudolaz complex are associated with submeridional strike-slip faults. Native gold has a various morphology and is confined to cracks in quartz veins and altered dolerites. The composition of gold is stable, with the average fineness of 871 ± 8.3‰. An analysis of fluid inclusions in a gold-bearing quartz vein showed that gold was formed at temperatures of no less than 186–230°С from a fluid with a salinity of 4–8 wt % NaCl-eq. The presence of gases СО2, N2 and CH4 was found in fluid inclusions. Dolerites and gabbrodiorites hosting gold-bearing veins contain sulfides (pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, pentlandite, violarite), sulfoarsenides (cobaltite and its analogs), as well as mine rals of Ag (hessite) and Pb (kuranakhite and phases similar in composition to minerals of the dugganite group and burckhardtite). Conclusions. The sustained composition of native gold and a narrow range of salinity and homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions indicate the formation of gold during a single stage of mineralization. The main source of gold could have been the dolerite dikes of the Ulugurtau complex. The presence of CO2, N2 and CH4 gases in fluid inclusions from goldbearing quartz indicates that not only magmatic fluid, but also fluid from the host rocks took part in mineral formation. The low value of the ratio X(CO2)/X(CH4) ≤ 0.7 indicates a moderately reduced ore-forming fluid. Low Au concentrations (0.1– 0.4 ppm) in quartz veins, dolerites, and gabbro-diorites, including those containing visible gold, indicate a weak commercial potential of the deposit

Introduction. The relevance of the current research in the features of the profession loss crisis among older teachers is due to the need to develop the methods of psychological support for their professional development in the conditions of growing demands on the educational process.The aim of the study is to identify the features of the profession loss crisis among older teachers.In the course of the study, the authors put forward the following hypotheses. The features of the profession loss crisis include two scenarios, which are reflected in the psychological state of teachers and their attitude towards their own profession. The positive scenario is characterized by physical and psychological health, hardiness and psychological well-being, while the negative scenario is characterised by deterioration in physical and mental health, reduced hardiness and psychological well-being.Methodology and research methods. The methodological basis for the study was the concept of professional development by E. F. Zeer and E. E. Symaniuk, as well as the approaches to examining the psychological characteristics of the crisis of late age; psycho-aging changes at a later age; stages of professional development; features of experiencing crises. The study involved 956 teachers working in educational organisations of the Sverdlovsk region (58 men and 898 women). The average age of the respondents was 57.9 years. The features of the profession loss crisis were determined using the biographical method, which allowed the authors to consider the dynamic process of professional development and highlight the psychological characteristics of the crisis based on content analysis. The biographical questionnaire contained questions aimed at identifying general social and professional information, determining the characteristics of options, professional activities, retirement and plans for future life, as well as determining the success of a professional biography. The following methods were used: test of hardiness in the adaptation of E. N. Osin and E. I. Rasskazova; method of quality-of-life SF-36; T. V. Kornilova’s new questionnaire of tolerance to uncertainty; scale of psychological well-being by K. Riff as adapted by T. D. Shevelenkova, P. P. Fesenko; questionnaire by K. Zamfir “Motivation of professional activity” in the modification of A. A. Rean. Data processing was carried out in the RStudio program. To highlight the options for the course of the crisis, cluster analysis was used. Welch’s t-test was applied to compare the groups with each other. The one-sample Student’s t-test was used to compare groups with standard indicators.Results. It was revealed that the profession loss crisis can proceed according to two scenarios, each of which has its own characteristics.In a positive scenario (about 3/4 of cases), the indicators of physical and psychological health, vitality and psychological well-being do not differ from the normative values. At the same time, teachers generally have a good attitude towards their profession and have plans to continue working in profession and learning something new.In the negative scenario of the crisis, the indicators of resilience and psychological well-being are at the lower limit of the norm, and the indicators of physical and mental health are significantly lower than the norm. Teachers are much more likely to note disappointment in the profession and, in general, have a more negative attitude towards it than the representatives of the positive group. Among them, there are significantly more of those who plan to leave the profession and fewer of those who plan to stay in the profession and learn something new.Scientific novelty consists in the enrichment of psychological science with knowledge about the features of the profession loss crisis among older teachers working at different levels of education in the context of the professional development of the individual.Practical significance. The presented results can be employed in educational organisations to develop programmes for the prevention of the profession loss crisis among teachers and recommendations for teachers of late maturity to maintain their active professional longevity.

The article discusses the issues of decentralization and dynamic redistribution of roles in cyber-physical systems (CPS) designed for working in changing environments and especially open spaces, where there are increased risks of module failures and communication loss. In particular, decentralized methods for controlling the CPS behavior and ensuring the redundancy of their components and connections are investigated. A number of requirements for such systems are identified and it is noted what limitations in existing approaches impede the implementation of systems that satisfy these requirements at the physical, network and application layers. For different layers, behavior models are proposed, which provide autonomous role distribution between components. This made it possible to synthesize a structural-parametric model of an autonomous mobile CPS, focused on functioning in open areas and solving applied problems performed through the coordinated interaction of groups of mobile agents. The model takes into account aspects of system stability and its response to destructive influences. The advantages of the proposed models include task decentralization, absence of central, critical nodes and bottlenecks, no line of sight requirements or small distance between devices, ability to work in unexplored environments. The solutions can be applied primarily in the field of business and are suitable for use in industrial plants equipped with mobile robotic devices with cameras, for example, for agricultural tasks, or territorial exploration. The proposed approach makes possible to study the terrain more accurately, including unexplored areas with limited accessibility to humans. Also, the results obtained can be applied during rescue operations.

New data on finding of dragonet Draculo mirabilis in Peter the Great Bay (Japan Sea) are presented. This subtropical-lowboreal fish species is rare for this area. One adult specimen (39 mm TL) was found in the Sukhodol River estuary on sandy bottom at the depth of 0.6–0.7 m in September 2021, under the water temperature 20 оC and salinity 27 ‰. An illustrated description of this specimen is presented.

To describe tele-ophthalmology consultations for primary-physicians in the IDF during the Covid-19 lockdown.Retrospective cross-sectional study. Medical records of tele-ophthalmology consultations from March to June 2020 were reviewed.The study included 245 cases in which an ophthalmologist was consulted. In 62.0% cell-phone camera photographs were used. The mean age was 21.5 ± 6.4 years. The most common diagnoses were acute-conjunctivitis (8.6%); conjunctival-hyperemia (non-specific diagnosis, 8.2%); scleritis/episcleritis (7.3%); chronic allergic-conjunctivitis (7.3%); chalazion (7.3%) hordeolum (6.5%); acute allergic-conjunctivitis (4.5%). 37.6% of patients received primary physician-based treatment, 24.9% of patients received specialist-based treatment. 13.1% were referred to the ER. The consult prevented ER referral for 39.2% and changed the physician's treatment plan in 70.6% of cases. Foreign-body sensation complaints were more likely treated by a primary-physician (p = 0.015). Cases with suspected foreign-body diagnosis were referred more to the ER (p 0.001). For most cases of eyelid complaints and diagnoses, primary physician care was sufficient (p 0.001). Conjunctival complaints and diagnoses received significantly more ophthalmologist-based treatment (p 0.001). Corneal disorders were significantly referred more to the ER (p = 0.001).Despite of possible ethical and legal problems and clinical limitations of this instrument, Tele-ophthalmology using objective aids such as smartphone photography can be an efficient tool in aiding the primary-physician, especially for patients with low access to ophthalmologists, with major impact on patient management.

To establish the dependence of the change in the values of the twisting angle of the flexible pipeline on the internal water pressure and the defect length, which is directed along and across the axis of the sleeve. Experimental studies were conducted in two stages. At the first stage, the methodology and plan of the experiment were developed, the factors and their values were determined, and experimental studies were conducted. The limits of variation in the area of factor spaces were established based on the basic analysis of a priori information. The length of the defect was 0, 50 and 100 mm. The pressure values in the sleeve were 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 MPa. Adequacy of the obtained regression equations was checked using Fisher's test. At the second stage, the analysis of the research results was carried out and the numerical values of the factors that most affect the change in the value of the twisting angle of the sleeve were established. According to the results of experimental studies, the dependences of the change in the twisting angle of the flexible pipeline on the internal water pressure and the length of the defect were obtained. It was established that the dependence of the previously mentioned factors is close to linear. The largest discrepancy in the maximum sleeve twist angle – 21% was observed at pressure values of 0.4 MPa. The research was limited to only two factors: the defect length and the pressure in the middle of the sleeve. Such factors as the degree of wear of the sleeve, the type of sleeve and the number of defects on the test sample were not taken into account. The obtained results can be used during the development of a new method of testing flexible pipelines, which will allow to establish hidden defects in them. For the first time, the dependence of the influence of the size and direction of the defect on the reinforcing frame of the pressure fire hose on the value of its twist angle at constant internal pressure indicators was established.

In the paper data of morphology, textural and structural features of chromitites from deposits of south-east part of Kempirsay massif (South Urals, Kazakhstan)are summarized. It is showed that formation of unique chromium deposits is closely related with formation processes of wall dunite-harzburgite association and that chromitite localization occur abidingly in olivine monomineralic rock – dunite. Superimposed low-T processes altered primary mineralogical composition of wall peridotites completely but these affected weakly their structure on the micro and macro scale. Mesh serpentine replaced olivine and pyroxene grains but pseudomorphosis of both are survive. Addition, significant displacements of mineral aggregates in the massive peridotite blocks are not observed and it allow to study textural and structural characteristic of chromitites and primary wall ultramafic rocks. We have found some major features of building of ore-bearing associations as follow: (i) increasing chromite grain size according to increasing concentration of chromite, (ii) widespread of deformational structures – ore folding and boudinage, extrusion of solid dunite into massive chromitite, break of ore veinlets. We have performed retrospective analysis of papers about Kempirsay chromitite which in present day are not available for wide readers. Based on this analysis and our observations, we propose a modified dynamic model of chromitite formation as result rheomorphic differentiation of upper mantle matter during its upwelling from deep zone of rift structure with later transformation in the upper mantle of fore-arc setting.

Electric and hybrid vehicles, which involve road accidents and fires, present unique risks associated with high voltage systems. These hazards are divided into three separate categories: chemical, electrical and thermal. The possible effects may vary, but are not limited to the size, configuration, and chemical composition of the battery. Operational and rescue units of Ukraine in case of road accidents are guided by the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine and methodological recommendations. These documents cover actions during fires and emergencies in electric vehicles are quite concise and need to be significantly expanded and provide the necessary recommendations to prevent injuries to personnel during rescue operations and firefighting in this type of vehicle. The article comparative analysis of normative documents, methods and actions of rescue units of Ukraine with recommendations and methods of other states, in case of fires on hybrid and electric vehicles, identification of shortcomings in order to further provide recommendations for improving existing management documents, taking into account experience and practice abroad. According to the results of the analysis, the guidelines of the Rescue Service of Ukraine do not contain a clear list of exercises that can coordinate the actions of rescuers and increase their personal safety with the following sequence of actions: car identification, immobilization, disconnection of power sources, rescue. Actions on extinguishing cars are very briefly reviewed, it is not clear for what reasons the use of air-mechanical foam is prohibited. Methods of extinguishing ordinary cars with internal combustion engines on gasoline and diesel, and recommendations for the use of fire extinguishers during firefighting on these vehicles in the regulations are not available at all. electric and hybrid vehicles need significant revision and improvement, taking into account the experience of other countries in the field of rescue and firefighting.

The principal function of the menisci is probably connected with the sliding movements during the rotation of the tibia along the long axis. In tetrapods the central position of the cruciate ligament apparatus should be probably primitive while the medial position of this apparatus is derived. In the line of frog-turtle-lizard-human the histological structure of the cruciate ligament shows a tendency to increase the mechanical durability based on the organization of fibers. Tetrapods with lateral limbs have no neural tissue within the cruciate ligaments unlike the human ones.

In this work, we report preliminary results about the involution of the human pineal gland involution. The detailed analysis of pineal structure was done on autopsy material of 77 persons in age 27–96 using x-ray phase-contrast tomography, histology, and immunohistochemistry. Our study suggests that the pineal gland alteration in older adults may be more profound than has been reported to date. We identified and described a new form of pineal gland involution that eventually led to the total degradation of the pineal gland. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report on the complete replacement of pineal gland parenchyma with connective tissue in older adults.

An algorithm for solving problems of magnetic gas dynamics, which is adapted to the architecture of computing systems with extramassive parallelism, is discussed. The algorithm is based on a kinetic model that describes the dynamics of an ensemble of neutral and charged particles, as well as a magnetic field. As an illustration, the results of a 3D calculation of the dynamics of a conducting incompressible fluid (molten sodium) in a channel conjugated to a cavity are presented.