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In 1999, the Institute of Medicine released a report estimating that between 44,000 to 98,000 Americans die each year as a result of medical errors. The frequency of these errors has continued to rise, in addition to the significant patient morbidity and mortality, which give rise to a substantial economic burden. This study used the PubMed database to review the terminology associated with medical errors, the current prevalence of medical errors within orthopaedics, and strategies for prevention. Patient safety is of the utmost importance. Medical errors still occur and efforts should be focused to standardize care processes, improve error reporting, and promote a team based care process to a reduce harm and promote patient safety.