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Aim. To study the prevalence of alexithymia among adolescents in the central (Krasnoyarsk city/Caucasians) and southern (Abakan, the Republic of Khakassia, Caucasians/Khakasses) regions of Siberia, taking into account ethnicity and gender differences. Materials and methods. Interviewing schoolchildren of various ethnic backgrounds aged 15-18 years is carried out using the Toronto Alexithymic Scale (TAS-26). Results. Mong Caucasian adolescents from different regions of residence (Krasnoyarsk and Abakan, the Republic of Khakassia), the prevalence rates of alexithymia were comparable (30,0% and 34,2%). For Khakas teenagers in Abakan, the Republic of Khakassia, this indicator (56.3%) was statistically significantly higher (p

Introduction. The work of medical personnel in the extreme conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic is related to the impact of nervous and emotional labor tension, high visual loads, which contributes to the formation of fatigue and overwork and requires the attention of labor physiologists. The study aims to substantiate the methodology of physiological assessment of functional fatigue of medical workers during work in a covid hospital to determine the duration of periods of work in a pandemic. Materials and methods. Comprehensive physiological and hygienic studies of the medical staff of the covid hospital during 6 months of work were aimed at a physiological study of the state of the cardiovascular system with the study of the characteristics of the response to stress loads (ECG registration on a 12-channel electrocardiograph and continuously using Holter monitoring, determination of the vegetative Kerdo index and Kvass endurance coefficient), the study of psychological conditions, hygienic assessment of the intensity of the labor process. The researchers have studied the physiological state of the central nervous system and the visual analyzer according to generally accepted methods. The authors have studied the features of neurohumoral regulation (the main mediator of the stress-implementing system — cortisol) in medical workers. We have carried out a total of 1728 measurements of psychophysiological indicators. The scientists carried out statistical data processing of the received data using statistical programs Statistika 10, Microsoft Excel 2010. Results. The researchers found that indicators of the functional state of the cardiovascular system, reflecting the degree of adaptation of the body of medical workers to industrial activity, can be used to determine physiologically justified work periods in a pandemic, further accumulation of scientific data and risk assessment of medical workers. After four months of work in medical organizations with COVID-19, the formation of an unfavorable functional state in medical personnel is reflected in changes in ECG and systemic blood pressure, increased detrenability of the cardiovascular system, the predominance of sympathetic influences. Limitations. There are quantitative restrictions due to the number of medical staff of the hospital with COVID-19. Conclusion. Pronounced loads on the visual analyzer when watching video terminal screens against the background of nervous and emotional labor tension are the leading professional factors and determine the formation of the functional state of overwork (third degree) in the medical staff of the hospital with COVID-19. Ethics. The study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health (Protocol No. 4 of 04/14/2021).

At present, the process of design and production of unmanned aerial vehicles has been making progress in Russia, which is caused by the relatively low cost, small size, absence of life hazard to a pilot, stealth, self-sustainability, mobility compared to manned aircraft. At the same time, two-stroke gasoline engines, possessing a higher power-to-volume ratio, unsophisticated design, and lower production costs in comparison with four-stroke gasoline engines, have become widely used in these aircraft. These engines lack a conventional lubrication system, so the oil is supplied to lubricate the cylinder-piston group in the form of a fuel-oil mixture, which burns during the operating procedure together with the fuel. In this case, high-temperature deposits such as carbon and lacquer are accumulated on the parts of the cylinder-piston group. The formation of carbon reduces the engine power, its service life and efficiency, causes an increase in operating costs. One of the solutions to this problem is the use of motor oils with a high level of anti-carbon properties. However, currently a method for assessing the anti-carbon oil properties for unmanned aerial vehicle engines is not available. In accordance with the described chemmotological process, the method was developed, the test equipment (Panel Coking Test Apparatus) was selected and the test modes were established (plate temperature – 290°C, oil temperature in the crankcase – 100°C, spray speed – 800 rev/min, test time – 4 h), allowing you to evaluate and rank motor oils for unmanned aircraft engines based on the anti-carbon properties in the laboratory. As tested, Motul Kart Grand Prix 2T oil has the least tendency for carbonization among tested motor oil samples. Laboratory and bench tests of Novoyl-DD and Motul Kart Grand Prix 2T oils show a high degree of convergence.

The efficiency of sunflower foliar top dressing application with Boro-N and Fertix mark B microfertilizers under field experimental condition was considered. The experiment was conducted in 2020-2022 on gray forest soils of the Bryansk region. Sunflower hybrid Fakel was used as an object of research. Annual grasses were the forecrop in the experiment. Seeding was carried out by the punctuated method with the width of inter-row space (70 cm) at a seeding rate of 55 thousand seeds/ha. The area of the experimental plot is 33 m2, the area of the registration plot is 5 m2 with threefold repetition. Plot placement is systematic. Sunflower farming technology is designed to produce a planned seed yield of 3.5-4.5 t/ha. The experimental scheme included three variants of treatment with microfertilizer Boro-N (2.0 l/ha) + Fertix mark B, BP (2.0 l/ha): without microfertilizer application (control); one treatment; two treatments. It was established that foliar dressing with a tank mixture of Boro-N + Fertix mark B fertilizers once a year during the period of 6-10 true leaves increases the sunflower seed yield by 7%, the profitability of sunflower production by 88%, and the conditional net income by 3.8 thousand rubles/ha. Double application of these microfertilizers during the formation of 6-10 true leaves and in the phase of the end of budding - the beginning of flowering increased the crop yield by 12%, the conditional net income by 4.8 thousand rubles / ha.Additional treatment of sunflower plants before flowering, although reducing the profitability of seed production by 30%, increased the yield of the crop by 5%, conditional net income by 27%.

Aim. To conduct comprehensive evaluation of microbiological properties of Enterococcus faecalis, isolated from urine in children with urinary system infections (UTI), to determine their etiological significance.Materials and methods. The study employed clinical isolates E. faecalis (n = 51) from the urine of children aged 3 days to 17 years who were treated for urinary tract infection between 2013 and 2017. The biological properties of enterococci were evaluated by means of classical microbiological and up-to-date molecular genetic methods. Statistical processing of digital data was carried out using non-parametric methods.Results. Phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of microbiological properties of the studied urinary enterococci isolates was revealed. Using statistical methods of analysis, the authors established significant correlations between pathogenicity genes, antibiotic resistance and phenotypic manifestations of biological properties in urinary isolates E. faecalis. The results of evaluating the phenotypic manifestations of biological properties and the presence of certain genes enabled the enterococci to be classified into groups that correlated with certain sequence types (ST). Based on the revealed relationships of some biological properties of urinary isolates E. faecalis with certain sequence types, the authors developed an algorithm for assessing etiologically significant and highly virulent E. faecalis isolated from the urine of children with UTI.Conclusions. A comprehensive determination of some, potentially relevant biological properties, of the pathogen – enzymatic activity associated with pathogenicity and biochemical activities, antibiotic resistance (not only at the phenotypic, but also at the genetic level) – allows for assessing the diagnostic value of urostams E. faecalis, isolated from the urine of children with UTI, which will contribute to a personalized approach to treatment of these patients.

Aim. To assess the intensity and characteristics of bacterial biofilms formed by non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii on ceramic biocomposite samples based on wollastonite and zirconia, including those modified with the bioactive phase of hydroxyapatite (HA).Materials and methods. Biofilms formed on bioceramic samples, prepared according to the author’s original method, were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The studied samples included non-composite ceramics based on wollastonite (CaSiO3); composite ceramics based on wollastonite with HA (CaSiO3-HA); non-composite ceramics based on zirconium dioxide ZrO2; ceramics based on zirconia with HA 15 wt% (ZrO2-(15 wt % HA); ceramics based on zirconia with (ZrO2-(50 wt% HA). Biofilms were obtained by placing the samples in a nutrient medium with P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii. Cultivation was carried out at 37 °С for 24 and 48 h, respectively. The dynamics of bacterial growth of the surface of the studied samples was assessed by analyzing SEM images using an LBP classifier.Results. A noticeable difference was observed in the activity and structure of bacterial biofilm formation on all studied samples. The intensity of biofilm formation (surface coverage of ZrO2-based samples) determined using an LBP-based classifier was as follows: ZrO2 ceramics without HA – 28.13%; ZrO2 + 15 wt% HA – 28.33%; and ZrO2 + 50 wt% HA – 88.46%. All samples with HA addition demonstrated higher susceptibility to biofilm formation.Conclusion. The presence of HA in the composition of bioceramics increases the intensity of biofilm formation. This also indicates a higher biocompatibility of such materials. When selecting bioceramic materials for bone defect repair, preference should be given to materials containing no more than 15 wt% HA in the view of reducing the risk of infection.

The article discusses the theoretical foundations of Ukrainian feminism, substantiates its practical significance for social changes in society. The subject of research attention is the individual and collective dimensions of feminism, the influence of this important social phenomenon on the value evolution of Ukrainian society. Attention is focused on the goal-rational and value-rational dimensions of the women's community, its moral and normative foundations. The role of the Ukrainian lifeworld in the value demarcation of Ukrainian women from imperial sociality is understood. Emphasis is placed on the European social prerequisites of Ukrainian feminism, its consistency with liberal and communitarian ideas. The fundamental methodological approaches of representatives of postcolonial studies and critical social theory are analyzed. The national specificity of Ukrainian feminism as a social alternative to the distorted imperial forms of sociality is noted. Synthesized are theoretical and practical approaches that interpret feminism as a complex social phenomenon that has rational and sensual components. The reasons for the predominance of sensuality in the conditions of total alienation and its conditioning by historical factors are explained.

Introduction: New challenges of technological development and political turbulence in the world predetermine the increasing importance of science and its achievements for strengthening the sovereignty of the Russian statehood, ensuring national security and economic development, and improving the welfare of the population. Objective: To examine the development of the Russian peer-reviewed journal Public Health and Life Environment and its milestones, to identify the role of the title as a mass medium for presentation of results of scientific research in the field of preventive medicine, and to determine its perspectives based on the analysis of scientometric indicators. Materials and methods: Using descriptive method, methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, as well as elements of content analysis and quantitative methods the process of formation and development of the journal Public Health and Life Environment from 1993 to 2023. It outlines the role of the journal in popularizing achievements in the field of healthcare management and preventive medicine over this period. It sets out the work done, consisting of a complex of interrelated activities aimed at increasing the quality of the content, improving the performance of the editorial board, strengthening communication and recognition of the journal in the academic community. The paper also defines trends of development based on the analysis of scientometric indicators of 60 issues of the journal published in 2018–2022 and substantiates strategic steps of the editorial policy, i.e. acceptance of the title for Scopus. Results: Over the past thirty years, the periodical has grown from a newsletter to a scientific and practical journal and has successfully established itself as a scientific peer-reviewed publication that complies with the requirements of the Higher Attestation Commission. By means of thematic profiling and a series of organizational activities, the journal has proven itself as an authoritative scientific publication popularizing current achievements in the field of public health, sociology of medicine, hygiene, epidemiology, and occupational health, and was included in several science abstract and citation databases, including Scopus. Conclusion: In order to further optimize scientific communication, meet the requirements set forth for the titles included in bibliometric databases of scientific citation, and improve the efficiency of the publisher and the editorial board, it is essential to update bibliometric indicators of the journal and expand the geography of authors and affiliated institutions, which will predetermine its future scientific growth and its comprehensive development.

Aim. To study the level of alexithymia and anxiety in adolescents depending on age and gender, to identify relationships. Materials and methods. A survey of clinically healthy adolescents was carried out using the Toronto alexithymic scale (TAS-26) and the scale of situational and personal anxiety Ch.D. Spielberger – Yu. L. Khanin. Results. Among practically healthy adolescents, over 60% have signs of alexithymia, and half of them are adolescents with a pronounced level of alexithymia. “Vulnerable” for alexithymia are adolescent girls, and by age - younger adolescents. For practically healthy students, the normal level of situational and personal anxiety is natural. With an increase in the symptoms of alexithymia, the presence of high situational and personal anxiety in adolescents is characteristic. A positive correlation was found between the level of alexithymia and the degree of situational (r=0.40; p

The problem of comprehending the essence of the concept of “native language”, despite the rather long interest in it of both linguists and representatives of a number of other sciences (first of all — “joint” with linguistics), remains very urgent at the present time. This is due, on the one part, to the complexity and multidimensionality of the phenomenon being interpreted; on the other part, the originality of accents placed on various aspects of this definition when interpreting it within the framework of various scientific fields (psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, language teaching methodology, etc.). In this situation, it seems appropriate to pay attention to the figurative and aesthetic understanding of the concept of “native language” when it is included in the verbal and artistic structures, where, in addition to constructive, key for the semantic structure, components, by definition, the components that are potentially present in the semantic scope of the concept are also actualized. In this article, the material for consideration in the stated manner was a poem by the classic of Ukrainian literature M.F. Rylsky’s “Mova” (“Language”), which comprehends the phenomenon of the native language, and two of its translations into Russian. The analysis shows that the figurative-aesthetic interpretation of the category of scientific property allows a more detailed and deep description of not only its semantic, but also its conceptual properties. When translating this poem into another, in this case, a closely related language, the translator’s priority task is to preserve the conceptual and aesthetic significance inherent in the image of the language in the original work.

At present, there is scientific and practical interest in the study of morphological and physiological features, criteria and tolerance of organs involved in protein metabolism in representatives of the order Chiroptera. Macro- and micrometric indicators of kidneys in soprano pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pygmaeus), as a result of adaptive transformations of the body to habitat conditions in the Bryansk region were studied. The study was conducted in the period from 2011 to 2022, 40 captures were carried out with a total of 481 individuals, of which 100 were selected for further study. On histological preparations of kidneys of soprano pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pygmaeus), morphometry of nephrons, podocyte parameters, nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, areas of nucleolar organizers and their total area were studied. It was established that biological adaptation of the bats (Chiroptera), on the example of soprano pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pygmaeus), is manifested in development of biological properties of the species. The functional and protein-synthetic activity of cells, kidneys (cell volume, nucleus, cytoplasm and nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio), the number and increase in the total area of the argentophilic region of nucleolar organizers were determined by organ topography, gender and influence of anthropogenic negative environmental effects. The data obtained showed gender differences in female bats (Chiroptera) of Pipistrellus pygmaeus species living in an urban environment, having a large number in the colony, against the background of a combined anthropogenic load, under the influence of hydrocarbons, sulfur and nitrogen dioxides and suspended solids. It was found that phenotypic adaptation as an adaptation to flight triggers the main processes of biochemical cycles, the processes of endogenous intoxication and detoxification function in kidneys. In turn, it increases metabolism, which contributes to increase in the number of renal glomeruli and decrease in the cavity of renal glomerular capsule. New data characterizing nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, number and total area of regions of nucleolar organizers in podocytes of glomeruli in kidneys of soprano pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pygmaeus), which may be a manifestation of genetic adaptation to environmental conditions, were obtained.

Objective. To determine the possibilities of cytological method of urine cellular sediment examination for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of renal and urinary tract pathology in liver cirrhosis.Materials and methods. A standard observational study of 50 inpatients with liver cirrhosis was performed. Cytological preparations of urine sediment were prepared by liquid cytology and cytocentrifugation methods and after fixation were Results. Cytological study of cellular urine sediment in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis revealed dysmorphic (leached) erythrocytes in 31% of cases, statistically significantly more frequently in patients with decompensation of the disease and 30-day mortality (pConclusions. Cytological method of studying the cellular urine sediment is an accessible, informative and cheap diagnostic method, the possibilities of which are to determine the presence and origin of cellular elements (urothelium of the surface and deep layers, altered erythrocytes), microflora and its source (genital tract, urinary tract), which, in combination with other methods, allows to verify the diagnosis of the patient and to carry out differential diagnosis of acute tubular necrosis and hepatorenal syndrome.

The article presents a review of the literature on the subject of non-suicidal self-injurious behavior (NSSI), the study of which attracts the attention of authors, both in the Russian Federation and around the world. Large meta-analyses of NSSP studies, proposed models, probable causes and mechanisms of occurrence, neurobiological factors, social factors, as well as the influence of modern means of communication and social networks are considered. Objective is to study, summarize and present data on the causes and risk factors of non-suicidal self-injurious behavior. Research method — articles in the “MEDLINE/PubMed”, “Scopus” databases in international medical journals were selected and analyzed. Articles were searched by keywords: “Self-Injurious Behavior”, “Non-Suicidal Self Injury”, “Deliberate Self-Harm”, “Self-Harm”, “Risk Factors”. Inclusion criteria: publication date from 2017 to 2022, clinical studies, meta-analyses and systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, availability of the full text in the public domain or abstract. Exclusion criteria: abstracts; monographs, study guides; publication date until 2017, inconsistency with the research topic. A total of 94 publications were found. The review included 61 publications from 2017 to 2022 that corresponded to the topic and purpose of the study, and also added 19 sources older than 2017 that are significant for disclosing the subject of the study from references in the reference lists of the analyzed sources.

Background. The growing number of overweight children is an important problem of modern healthcare. Excess body weight causes the risk of severe metabolic disorders developing. Analysis of changes in the immune, metabolic, and genetic profile of overweight children as markers of the early development of metabolic disorders is an effective tool for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of these pathologies. Aim. To identify the features of the immune and metabolomic profile in overweight children aged 711 years associated with polymorphic variants of the IL-1B (rs1143634) and TP53 (rs1042522) genes. Material and methods. 132 children aged 711 years were examined: 54 children with overweight and 78 children with normal body weight. The lymphocytes subpopulation composition was analyzed by flow cytometry; the content of leptin, cortisol, superoxide dismutase, lipid hydroperoxide and interleukin-1 using enzyme immunoassay, immunoglobulin G using the method of radial immunodiffusion method by Mancini. Polymorphic variants of the IL-1B (rs1143634) and TP53 (rs1042522) genes were identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Statistical data processing was implemented in the Statistica 10, SNPStat and Gen-Expert programs. Results. The immune profile of the examined children was characterized by an increased content of CD3+CD8+-, CD19+-lymphocytes and immunoglobulin G against the background of CD3+CD4+-lymphocytes, p53 deficiency and a decrease in the number of CD4+/CD8+. The metabolomic profile of children was characterized by an excess content of leptin, cortisol, lipid hydroperoxides, and superoxide dismutase. The identified changes in immune and metabolomic regulation in overweight children were significantly associated with the G allele and GG genotype of the IL-1B gene (rs1143634), as well as with the C allele and CC genotype of the TP53 gene (rs1042522), which cause the initiation of inflammation and inhibition of apoptosis. Conclusion. The established features of immune and metabolomic regulation associated with the G allele and GG genotype of the IL-1B gene (rs1143634) and with the C allele and CC genotype of TP53 gene (rs1042522) represent a complex of markers of overweight formation in children aged 711 years.

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, or Takotsubo syndrome, can be quite rare found, but however the frequency of diagnosing with this disease among patients of cardiology departments is constantly growing. On the one hand, this may be due to improved diagnostics of this pathology, and on the other hand, to an increasing frequency of mental disorders in the human population and the spread of other risk factors, including drug-induced variants. The pathogenesis of the development of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is associated with an increase in the level of catecholamines, which may be the result of a reactive sympathetic enhancement in response to external factors or be the result of taking antidepressants that can produce a similar effect. Although the diagnostics of this pathology has made significant progress, but however there is still no consensus on the strategy of treatment. This is due to the lack of large-scale randomized prospective studies that could justify one or another therapeutic approach. Basically, the efforts of medical doctors are aimed at maintaining cardiac activity, eliminating the trigger of the disease and at treating complications. The purpose of this review was to summarize the accumulated information related to the problems of etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy with an emphasis on the variants associated with the use of antidepressants.

Research subject. The deposits of the Uk Formation of the Upper Riphean (Karatavian) in the Alatau anticlinorium (Southern Urals) were studied in the section of the right bank of Basu river and its tribute Manaysu located to the east of the Kulmas settlement.Results. The structure of the sections of Uk Formation along Basu River (Kulmas) in the Alatau anticlinorium and its stratotype at the Yuryzan river near town of Ust-Katav in the Suleimanovo anticline is identical: the Lower Uk Subformation is represented by irregular alternation of sandstones, siltstones and shales with rare layers of limestones and dolomites with Patomella kelleri Raaben and Tungussia bassa Kryl. stromatolites and microphytolites of the IV complex, while the Upper Uk – by limestones with Linella ukka Kryl. and Linella simica Kryl. stromatolites and microphytolites of the IV complex. However, the sandstones and siltstones of the Lower Uk Subformation in the stratotype at the Yuryuzan river (Ust-Katav) are polymictic, while in the reference section along Basu river (Kulmas) they have mostly quartz composition. These petrographic features may be a result of different provenance. In the rocks of Uk Formation in the Basu section (Kulmas), the epigenetic processes (dolomitization and silicification) are strongly manifested. In the limestones of the Upper Uk Formation the caverns and fractures along with layers enriched by a bitumen (?) are observed.Conclusions. The reference section of the Uk Formation along the river Basu (Kulmas) is proposed as a hypostratotype, in which the deposits of the lower subformation of the Uk suite are most fully represented in comparison with the stratotype along the river Yuryuzan (Ust-Katav). Cavernous-fractured limestones of the Uk Formation with layers enriched by a bitumen (?), may be regarded as an interesting search object for hydrocarbons, taking into account that a large hydrocarbon deposit has been discovered in the silicified cavernous-fractured dolomites of Kamovskaya Formation of the Upper Riphean of the Siberian platform.

Youth education differs from similar processes aimed at both children and adults, so the postulates of both pedagogy and andragogy in this area do not always work. The article is devoted to the analysis of the process of pedagogic support of the leaders of future changes and the justification of its possibilities for the socialisation of the youth of the digital era. The authors attempt to resolve the contradictions between the new challenges of the post-globalisation era and the insufficient effectiveness of traditional methods, forms and technologies of raising leaders of future changes. Arguments are given in favour of proving the need to take into account the socio-cultural characteristics of the formation of modern youth simultaneously in two worlds (real and virtual) to build pedagogic strategies to support youth leadership. The data of an empirical study of the study of the socio-role identity of young leaders are presented and analysed. It is concluded that the pedagogic support of modern young leaders should be aimed not at preferences that produce their inflated self-esteem, but at eliminating the imbalance, including through a creative approach to promoting social ideas in global networks and making commitments to care not only about personal well-being, but also about the public good.

Aim of the study is to show the possibilities of multiplanar reformation and 3D reconstructions of computed tomography in the diagnosis of skull base fractures in young children. Materials and methods. In one thousand three hundred thirty four children under 3 years of age with traumatic brain injury (TBI) CT was performed on a 128-slice Philips Ingenuity CT scanner; in 707 (53%) in the first 6 hours, in 254 (19%) — after 6 hours, but during the first 24 hours, in 205 (15%) children within 3 days and in 168 (13%) children later on 3 days after injury. Scanning of the area of interest (head + cervical spine) was made with the maximum possible reduction in parameters to minimize the radiation dose. Contrast was not used in children from 0 to 3 years of age with TBI. Post-processing included isotropic multi-planar reformatted (MPR) and 3D images. Results. Of the 1334 children examined, 730 were boys and 604 were girls. In 448 (33.58%) children, fractures of the skull bones were diagnosed, in 366 (81.7%) of them, fractures were combined with intracranial injuries. Fractures of the skull base were in 83 (18.52%) of 448 children. In 65% (n = 54) of cases, basal fractures were combined with fractures of the temporal bones, 31.5% (n = 17) of these children had liquorrhea. Fractures of the anterior fossa (12% of the total number of fractures of the base of the skull) of the base of the skull or fronto-basal fractures were accompanied by additional fractures of the orbits and/or other bones of the facial skull in 56.6% of cases. Fractures of the middle cranial fossa were diagnosed in 54 (65%) children. Fractures of the posterior cranial fossa were found in 19 (23%) of 83 children. In addition to fractures of the bones of the base of the skull, 32 (38.6%) children were diagnosed with fractures of the bones of the vault and intracranial injuries. Conclusion. The use of multiplanar reformation and 3D reconstruction increased the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing skull base fractures in children compared to conventional axial CT. The essential advantages of using 3D reconstruction are the availability of the technique, the absence of additional scanning time and radiation exposure.

The relevance of the work is due to the high risk of the development of production-related pathology in employees of the enterprise for the production of potash fertilizers. The study aims to assess the morphofunctional state of the arteries as an early marker of production-related pathology in employees of a potash fertilizer plant. The authors examined 160 workers engaged in the production of potash fertilizers and engaged in work with harmful working conditions (observation group). The comparison group included 82 people who were not exposed to harmful production factors in the course of their work. We conducted an analysis of working conditions, an assessment of the air quality in the work area for the content of hexane, heptane and formaldehyde. To determine the studied chemical compounds in biological media (blood, urine), the researchers used chemical-analytical methods. The scientists used ultrasound diagnostics to assess endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the brachial artery, and also used sphygmomanometry to study the stiffness of the arterial wall. There is a presence of hexane, heptane and formaldehyde in the air of the working area of the observation group. In those working in harmful working conditions, the content of formaldehyde in the blood, heptane and hexane in the urine exceeded the indicators of the comparison group by 1.2-1.5 times. 65.3% of the employees of the observation group showed a decrease in the extensibility of the vascular wall, while the risk of developing these changes in them is 1.5 times higher than the comparison group. In 29.8% of cases in the observation group, we diagnosed signs of endothelial dysfunction, mainly of moderate severity, due to increased levels of formaldehyde in the blood and heptane in the urine. The risk of developing endothelial dysfunction in workers in harmful working conditions was 2.3 times higher. The revealed violations in workers engaged in the production of potash fertilizers in the form of a decrease in the extensibility of the vascular wall and signs of endothelial dysfunction indicate the presence of additional risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.

In modern conditions, an important task of occupational medicine remains to study the physiological features of the formation of occupational stress with an assessment of the impact of adverse stress factors of varying intensity and duration on the body of pedagogical and medical workers. The study aims to conduct a physiological and hygienic assessment of the resistance to stress and physiological reactions of the employee's body to the effects of neuropsychiatric stress for the scientifically based development of a system of measures aimed at preserving health and optimizing professional activity of pedagogical and medical workers. The authors conducted a hygienic assessment of working conditions in educational institutions of St. Petersburg, lifestyle based on the results of a survey of teachers (a total of 116,256 pieces of information), the health status of teachers according to medical examination data (418 teachers) and questionnaires (346 respondents). Physiological and hygienic studies of the work of nurses, pediatric surgeons and medical workers employed in the covid hospital included a quantitative assessment of stress resistance using a new methodological approach. Specialists examined 130 people, carried out 1194 measurements of psychophysiological indicators. The authors performed static data processing using sets of statistical programs EpiInfo 3.5.2., Statistica 10, Microsoft Excel 2010. Pedagogical and medical workers of intellectual labor with a pronounced component of interpersonal communication revealed a high level of nervous and emotional tension, which correlates with a high degree of reliability with physiological shifts and an indicator of resistance to stress. Specialists conducted a study of the prevalence of chronic diseases among teachers, which revealed the predominance of diseases of the circulatory system in the structure of morbidity, also implemented and tested a set of physical culture and wellness activities. As a result of the data analysis, it was found that insufficient resistance to stress, a low level of physical fitness (fitness) form pronounced changes in the parameters of cardiodynamics in teachers. According to the results of the study, scientists have developed a system of health-saving behavior of pedagogical and medical workers, universal for educational and medical organizations. Limitations. There are quantitative restrictions due to the number of medical staff of the covid hospital. Ethics. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Research Institute of MT" (Protocol No. 4 of 04/14/2021)

Preterm infants are a special cohort of newborns that require long-term treatment in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). NICU stay, accompanied by numerous excessive stimuli, painful procedures, and separation from parents leads to a high risk of chronic pain and stress.The aim of research was to study the level of chronic pain and pain-related stress markers in preterm infants with a gestational age of less than 34 weeks, and their associations with various factors.Materials and methods. The study involved 104 preterm infants with gestational age (GA) less than 34 weeks who were treated in the NICU. The level of chronic pain and pain-related stress markers (dopamine, β-endorphin, serotonin) in urine samples was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using kits for the quantitative determination of dopamine (Dopamine Elisa kit, Elabscience, Wuhan, China), β-endorphin (β-endorphin Elisa kit, Elabscience, Wuhan, China), serotonin (Serotonin Elisa kit, Elabscience, Wuhan, China). Samples were analyzed in duplicate, and assays were performed using provided controls according to the manufacturer’s instructions.Ethics approval was obtained from the appropriate local ethics committee and research was conducted under the World Medical Association’s Helsinki Declaration. Informed consent was obtained from all the participants who took part in the study.All computations were performed using StatSoft STATISTICA Version 13 (Tulsa, OK). Quantitative data are presented as the median and interquartile range (IQR; 25th to 75th percentiles). For qualitative parameters, absolute and relative frequencies are presented. The Mann-Whitney U-test (for two independent groups) and Kruskal-Wallis test (for three groups) were used to compare numerical data. Significance was assumed at p

The rapid growth of the aquaculture industry using modern intensive farming methods has led to a number of problems related to water quality and the spread of infectious diseases in fish. The intestinal physiological microbiota of fish and the surrounding aquatic environment forming an ecosystem, the balance of which is a key factor in maintaining the health of aquaculture. However, optimizing the microbiota is still a challenging task due to a lack of studies about the dominant microorganisms in aquacultures and the influence of environmental factors on it. The aim of this work was to study the structure and taxonomic composition of the cultivatable bacterial gut community of the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss under the conditions of the “Yaroslavskaya Trout” cage farm. Methods. To identify the isolated strains and characterize the composition of common bacterial communities were used phenotypic and biochemical characteristics, as well as amplification and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene fragments and subsequent phylogenetic analysis. Scientific novelty. Data on the taxonomic diversity of the cultivated rainbow trout gut microbiome have been obtained. A comparative analysis of fish intestinal microbiocenoses and the surrounding aquatic environment was carried out. Results and practical significance. Gammaproteobacteria was the most abundant bacteria in the structure of the studied microbial communities. Bacteria of the genera Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, and Aeromonas were found in the microbiome of both the rainbow trout intestines and the surrounding aquatic environment, which are opportunistic pathogens and can lead to an outbreak of bacterial infections under stressful conditions. However, studies have shown that the surrounding aquatic microbiome does not always reflect the microbiome of aquatic organisms. A comparative analysis of the freshwater microbiomes and the gut microbiome of rainbow trout revealed the ability of the host organism to concentrate beneficial probiotic microorganisms even under conditions of pathogenic presure. The resulting collection of microorganisms can be further used for screening potential probiotic cultures.

The study is devoted to the scientific analysis of the elements of the mechanism of subordinate individual legal regulation of activities to ensure the criminological security, in order to determine the conceptual foundations of the scientific understanding of this mechanism. The work was carried out on the basis of an interregional empirical study, which includes: a case study of acts of exercising rights and obligations in the field of crime prevention, interviewing law enforcement officers, as well as a content analysis of court decisions on administrative claims on appealing actions (inaction) and decisions of crime prevention subjects. The relevance of the topic is evidenced by the presence of problems of law enforcement due to shortcomings of regulatory legal acts regulating the activities for the prevention of offenses. The paper contains proposals for improving legislation in the aspect of individual preventive legal regulation. For the first time in criminology, a systematic analysis of the structural elements of the mechanism of subordinate individual legal regulation of crime prevention activities was carried out. The authors came to the conclusion that these should include: the object and subject of individual legal regulation; legal fact; method of individual legal regulation; technologies of regulatory law enforcement; individual legal means. New data have been obtained on criminological law enforcement technologies, in particular, on the use of mediation technology in preventive activities. The paper contains proposals for improving legislation in the aspect of individual preventive legal regulation.

Тайловые $\mathrm{B}$-сплайны в $\mathbb R^d$ определяются как автосвертки характеристических функций тайлов - специальных самоподобных компактов, замощающих пространство $\mathbb R^d$ параллельными сдвигами. Эти функции не кусочно полиномиальны, однако, являясь прямым обобщением классических $\mathrm{B}$-сплайнов, наследуют множество их свойств, при этом имея ряд преимуществ. В частности, в работе найдены точные показатели гладкости тайловых сплайнов, которые в некоторых случаях превосходят гладкость классических. На их основе построены системы ортогональных всплесков и получены оценки на скорость их экспоненциального убывания. На примере алгоритмов детализации поверхности (subdivision schemes) показана эффективность тайловых $\mathrm{B}$-сплайнов в приложениях, достигаемая в силу большей гладкости, быстрой сходимости и меньшего количества коэффициентов масштабирующего уравнения. Библиография: 55 наименований.

Zosteran pectin isolated from the perennial marine plant Zostera marina (L.) has a complex molecular structure and a wide range of biological activity. Aim Study: This study aims to identify new properties (adhesive, cryoprotective) of zosteran pectin. Materials and Methods: The adhesive properties of zosteran were investigated by evaluating the microorganism adhesiveness index and the erythrocyte participation rate. To assess the cryoprotective properties of zosteran, the cryoscopic method and various methods for assessing the viability of leukocytes (cryoresistance, cell membrane integrity, and phagocytosis) were used. Results: Zosteran pectin in each assay consistently revealed more adhesive and cryoprotective properties compared to other substances. The results revealed that zosteran at a concentration of 0.3% increase the percentage of red blood cells with lactobacilli attached to their surface. The addition of zosteran to various cryoprotectants changed the osmolarity and freezing point of only the mixture of pectin with DMSO. Zosteran/DMSO cryosolution significantly better retained the viability of leukocytes after exposure to negative temperatures (-80°C), compared with a solution containing only DMSO. Conclusion: Our data reveal new properties of zosteran, due to which pectin changes the conditions of bacterial adhesive activity. This can be used to enhance the perception of microorganisms by intestinal cells in representatives of normal microflora or to reduce it in pathogens of infectious diseases. The obtained cryoprotective effect of the solution with zosteran can be used for further research on the preservation of biological objects (spermatozoa, platelets, etc.) at low temperatures.

A fifteenth-century treatise, Processus Satanae contra genus humanum, is a peculiar artefact of late medieval culture as it blends theological, theatrical, and juridical elements significant for the period. Intended as a manual for law students, it provided an idealized example of an ordinary court hearing. According to the plot, the Devil files a complaint against the entire humankind and demands that it returns to his possession. He sends a demonic representative to defend his interests, while the Virgin Mary assumes the role of humankind's lawyer. The trial is presided by Jesus Christ the judge. After an exhausting debate, the forces of good win the case. Underneath this entertaining and grotesque façade lies a serious discussion about different types of justice and their importance for a real-life judge, lawyer, or plaintiff. The author of Processus Satanae distinguishes two types of justice — justitia and aequitas. Justitia refers to rigorous justice of human law, while aequitas refers to righteousness coupled with mercy. The latter comes directly from God; without aequitas, justitia becomes rigid law that has no real power in Christian sense. Since the Devil and his servant rely exclusively on justitia, as they do not know misery and empathy, they ultimately lose the case. In this way, the treatise warns law students against following the letter of law blindly and without regard for individual circumstances.

The Rybinsk Reservoir is one of the largest artificial reservoirs in Russia. The Sheksna reach of the Reservoir is worst anthropogenically affected due to the waste waters of the Cherepovets industrial plants. Heavy metals en-tering the Reservoir can accumulate in the body of fish including the predators ‒ the last link in the trophic chains of the Reservoir. Purpose of the study is to register the concentration of heavy metals in the muscles of the pikeperch Sander lucioperca in the Rybinsk Reservoir and to define its compliance with the Russian and international standards. The fish were caught in the feeding period with a trawl in the Sheksna and Volzhsky reaches, measured, and fatness coefficients were calculated according to Fulton and Clark. The content of Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Mn, Fe, Al, Co, Ni, V was determined in the fish muscle tissues. Fatness of pikeperch from the Rybinsk Reservoir, regardless of the level of the local anthropogenic pollution, corresponded to the mean values typical to this species. In the pikeperch muscles the content of nickel and vanadium was below the detection limit. On average, the tissues contained Cd 0.004, Cr 0.095, Pb 0.028, Cu 0.734, Mn 0.205, Fe 4.986, Al 12.538, Co 0.002 in mg/kg wet weight. Concentration of Fe, Al, Mn in the muscle tissues of pikeperch from the Sheksna reach significantly exceeded the values of Fe, Al, Mn in the muscle tissue of pikeperch in the Volga reach. Consumption of pikeperch meat from the Rybinsk Reservoir is not potentially hazardous to human health, since concentrations of heavy metals in the muscle tissues of the studied species do not exceed the permissible levels of elements, according to the Russian and international standards.

In this article the model of formation of moral and volitional qualities of pupils using sports games and the complex of pedagogical conditions were theoretically substantiated (stimulating of the volitional qualities of young volleyball players by complicating the conditions of the educational and training process;increase in emotionality of educational and training process;interaction of subjects of activity that are part of the pedagogical system «pupil – coach – sports team»), which is based on a system and activity approach. The general didactic principles of learning and the principles of physical culture tools using were using in this model and pedagogical conditions. It was coach-led educational and training lessons and volleyball competitions, where it was taken into account the age characteristics, physical and individual development of pupils.The model is considered as a set of target, organizational and substantive, procedural and diagnostic blocks, which are interconnected and allow to organize and carry out focused and targeted work of the coaches and the pupils., У статті теоретично обґрунтовано модель формування морально-вольових якостей учнів засобами спортивних ігор з використанням комплексу педагогічних умов, що базувалась на системному та діяльнісному підході, з використанням загальнодидактичних принципів навчання і принципів застосування засобів фізичної культури, у формі навчально-тренувальних занять та змагань з волейболу під керівництвом тренера, з урахуванням вікових особливостей, фізичного та індивідуального розвитку учнів.Модель розглянуто як сукупність цільового, організаційно-змістовного, процесуального та діагностичного блоків, взаємопов'язаних між собою, що дозволяють організовувати і здійснювати акцентовану й цілеспрямовану роботу тренерів і самих спортсменів.

The main reason for the rapid development and promotion of reproductive technologies is the desire to have children of people who, for certain reasons, create such an opportunity. When writing the article, such methods were used as: historical, analysis, synthesis, systemic, functional, special-legal. It is argued that two types of reproductive technologies are of particular importance for medical law: in vitro fertilization and surrogacy. It is argued that such reproductive technologies as in vitro fertilization are an auxiliary introduction of donor material (sperm or egg) into all forms of a woman. It is also noted that not all researchers today support and consider optimal the formulations established in the main legislative acts of Ukraine on health care, regarding the right of every woman capable of fertilizing and implanting an embryo. The conclusions emphasize the importance of providing legislative guarantees for the possibility of introducing certain reproductive technologies for people who need such interventions for medical reasons. It is proposed to classify the principles of donation of reproductive cells such as sperm, oocytes and embryos. For this purpose, court rulings in cases involving the provision of in vitro fertilization services were also analyzed.

In the previous part of the review clinical and diagnostic aspects of some non-infectious uveitis in patients with immunoinflammatory diseases were discussed. In this part we proceed the discussion of ocular manifestations of a number of other immunoinflammatory conditions. In addition to uveitis associated with spondyloarthropathies, rheumatoid arthritis, Still’s disease, juvenile idiopathic arthritis and systemic sarcoidosis described in the previous part, ocular manifestations are also common in systemic vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Vogt—Koyanagi—Harada syndrome. Despite the numerous diagnostic schemes and therapy algorithms developed to date, much in the pathogenesis of uveitis associated with immuno-inflammatory diseases remains unclear. The need to develop personalized and multidisciplinary approaches for the treatment and diagnosis of non-infectious uveitis in numerous systemic immunoinflammatory diseases remains relevant. In-depth understanding of etiopathogenetic mechanisms of immunoinflammatory processes will allow to develop new approaches in the treatment of patients with uveitis.

The article analyzes the experience of creation and development of the Department of History of Science and Technology at Ural Federal University. The article by the head of the Department of History of Science and Technology UGTU - UPI - UrFU Professor V.V. Zaparia and his colleagues from the department, docents V.A. Doroshenko and E.V. Zaytseva, analyze and summarize the almost 20-year history of the department. The article reveals the achievements of the department staff and its problematic moments, as well as considers the history and methods of teaching the main discipline of the department - the history of science and technology. The author describes the creation of methodological works in the form of textbooks, teaching aids and reading-books, multimedia courses. The authors not only summed up the results of the department, but also showed its place in the Russian school of historical research and analyzed the main directions of scientific work of the teaching staff.