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Dette notatet tar for seg direkte utslipp fra anleggsmaskiner på anleggsplass, og er utarbeidet av CICERO Senter for klimaforskning på oppdrag fra Innlandet fylkeskommune, avdeling Samferdsel, Trafikk og miljø. Tema som omtales er bærekraftsutfordringer for biodrivstoff og kostnader og barrierer for biodrivstoff og for utslippsfrie løsninger. Vi har også utarbeidet et grovt anslag for direkte utslipp, forbruk av drivstoff i anleggsmaskiner og merkostnader ved bruk av biodrivstoff i anleggsprosjekter. Notatet oppsummerer til sist status for kravstilling ved offentlige innkjøp til bygg og anlegg, og aktuelle tiltak for kutt i direkte utslipp innen anleggsvirksomhet.

Sharing products and services might have environmental consequences. This report is partly a literature review on the topic, but also an attempt of estimating the effects on emissions of different sharing schemes in the SHAR(e)ON project. The four different sharing schemes we have investigated are: community supported agriculture, sharing in local communities, sharing of cabins, and car sharing. The estimates are presented as scenarios or illustrations informed by literature or other parts of this project, not as what is likely to happen to emissions for different sharing schemes.

The impact on snow pack albedo from local elemental carbon (EC) sources in Svalbard has been investigated for the winter of 2008. Highly elevated EC concentrations in the snow are observed around the settlements of Longyearbyen and Svea (locally >1000 ng g-1, about 200 times over the background level), while EC concentrations similar to the background level are seen around Ny-Ålesund. Near Longyearbyen and Svea, darkened snow influenced by wind transported coal dust from open coal stockpiles is clearly visible from satellite images and by eye at the ground. As a first estimate, the reduction in snow albedo caused by local EC pollution from the Norwegian settlements has been compared to the estimated reduction caused by long-range transported EC for entire Svalbard. The effect of local EC from Longyearbyen, Svea and all Norwegian settlements are estimated to 2.1%, 7.9% and 10% of the total impact of EC, respectively. The EC particles tend to stay on the surface during melting, and elevated EC concentrations due to the spring melt was observed. This accumulation of EC enhances the positive albedo feedbacks. The EC concentrations were observed to be larger in metamorphosed snow than in fresh snow, and especially around ice lenses.DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2011.00531.x