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This project will examine how adversity and trauma throughout the lifespan may differ by gender and how trauma and adversity and mental health intersect and are associated with criminal legal system involvement

BackgroundChildren of mothers with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are at increased risk for developmental problems. However, the mechanisms through which a mother's experience of ACEs are transmitted to her offspring are understudied. The current study investigates potential modifiable mediators (maternal psychopathology and parenting) of the association between maternal ACEs and children's behavioral problems.MethodsWe utilized data from a pregnancy cohort study (N = 1030; CANDLE study) to investigate longitudinal associations between maternal ACEs, postpartum anxiety, observed parenting behavior, and child internalizing behaviors (meanage = 4.31 years, s.d. age = 0.38) in a racially diverse (67% Black; 33% White/Other) sample. We used structural equation modeling to test for direct associations between maternal ACEs and children's internalizing behaviors, as well as indirect associations via two simple mediations (maternal anxiety and parenting), and one serial mediation (sequence of maternal anxiety to parenting).ResultsSimple mediation results indicated that maternal anxiety and cognitive growth fostering behaviors independently mediated the association between maternal ACEs and child internalizing. We observed no evidence of a serial mediation from ACEs to internalizing via the effects of maternal anxiety on parenting.ConclusionsThis study supports and refines extant literature by confirming the intergenerational association between maternal ACEs and child internalizing behaviors in a large, diverse sample, and identifies potential modifiable mediators: maternal anxiety and parenting behaviors related to fostering cognitive development. Findings may inform interventions targeting mothers who have experienced ACEs and suggest that providing support around specific parenting behaviors and addressing maternal anxiety may reduce internalizing behaviors in children.

Objective: To explore literature regarding youth with Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), their potential reactivity to research, and research trauma mitigation protocols. Methods: A systematic scoping review was conducted in APA PsychInfo, CINAHL, Embase, and OVID Medline. 2 reviewers screened each article for 12 eligible studies. Quantitative and qualitative studies measuring maltreatment and trauma research responses were eligible. Youth were defined as individuals aged 10-19. Results: No study utilized the ACEs questionnaire with research-related stress measures. Among those that included research reactivity measures, various forms of childhood and youth victimization were considered. The majority of participants did not report feeling upset, with many reporting benefits to participation. Information on protocols for managing distress was available for 11 studies, the most common being the provision of a resource helpsheet and/or referral system. Implications: There is no indication of distress following ACEs-related research, with few studies measuring across the research experience. One study measured follow-up for distress and further action. Additional research may be indicated to assess the effectiveness of these protocols in this population with a follow-up assessment.

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are known to contribute to later mental health. Conversely, Benevolent Childhood Experiences (BCEs) may buffer against mental health difficulties. The importance of ACEs and BCEs for mental health of both parents and children may be most obvious during periods of stress, with potential consequences for functioning of the family. Subgroups of ACEs and BCEs in parents during the COVID-19 pandemic were investigated and validated in relation to indices of parent, child, and family well-being. In May 2020, ACEs/BCEs were assessed in 547 parents of 5–18-year-old children from the U.K., U.S., Canada, and Australia. Subgroups of parents with varying levels of ACEs and BCEs were identified via latent class analysis. The subgroups were validated by examining associations between class membership and indices of parent and child mental health and family well-being. Four latent classes were identified: low-ACEs/high-BCEs, moderate-ACEs/high-BCEs, moderate-ACEs/low-BCEs, and high-ACEs/moderate-BCEs. Regardless of the extent of BCEs, there was an increased risk of parent and child mental health difficulties and family dysfunction among those reporting moderate-to-high levels of ACEs. Parents’ history of adversity may influence the mental health of their family. These findings highlight the importance of public health interventions for preventing early-life adversity.

This study explores the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and everyday memory. Adverse childhood experiences are measured with the ACEs and everyday memory is examined using the EMQ. Additionally, the MAAS was included to assess struggles with daily attention. Several questions were also included to assess the extent to which participants believed their childhood experiences impacted their work and health. Participants were obtained through MTurk. Participation was limited to individuals from the United States who had a >= 90% HIT approval rate.

Meta analysis reviewing relationship between the experience of ACEs and cognitive function in adulthood.

This review aims to explore the body of evidence surrounding screening for Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) or more broadly, childhood adversity, in a healthcare setting. An understanding of the effectiveness of routine ACE screening is a key part of the advocacy for the move toward required screening as a part of preventive care.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in life have a powerful impact on adolescents’ development. The greater the number of stressful life events experienced, the more likely adolescents are to experience internalizing symptoms, such as anxiety. Due to the negative effects of early adversity, it is essential that research examine which protective factors might mitigate this relationship, such as emotion regulation (ER) and attachment. In the current study, the relationships between ACEs, ER, attachment, and anxiety will be examined among adolescents. It is hypothesized that ER will mediate the relationship between ACEs and anxiety and attachment will moderate the relationship between ACEs and ER within the mediation model. A sample of adolescents will complete measures of adolescent anxiety, ACEs, ER, and attachment; data collection is ongoing. Using the PROCESS macro, a moderated mediation model will be analyzed. This study’s findings may indicate potential mechanisms to target the treatment of anxiety related to ACEs among.

A cross-sectional, online survey based study, analysed via multiple generalised linear mixed models, exploring the impact of religiosity on adult affective-wellbeing following adverse childhood experiences.

Current smoking in adults is the leading cause of preventable disease, disability, and death in the US. There is strong evidence that current smoking is associated with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), traumatic events that occur in childhood. Higher exposure to ACEs is associated with greater morbidity (e.g. smoking) compared to those with fewer or no ACEs. ACEs have been found to co-occur and the most common method of measuring ACEs, a cumulative count approach, has been found to be strongly associated with medical and psychological morbidity in addition to risky behaviors. However, there is limited research that describes ACE composition beyond the single ACE count. There is also a recognized but largely untested assumption that individual ACEs (and ACE exposure categories) are equally prognostic for a given health outcome. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of cumulative ACE exposures (i.e., one, two, three, four) and unpack the composition of ACE exposures (one, two, three, four) in a nationally representative US sample. The second goal of this study was to evaluate the exchangeability assumption of the cumulative categorical risk model by comparing the individual ACE exposures that comprise a singleton and pair ACE category. This was achieved using an analytic sample size of 115,230 adults across 21 states in the 2019 BRFSS.

The current study aims to investigate childhood adversity and family conflict, and their associations with trajectories (i.e., change over time) of anxiety and other mental health problems in a large-scale, representative, longitudinal study of adolescents.

Examining the infant physiologic and maternal behavioral characteristics that contribute to attachment security and infant behavior

In the last 25 years, converging evidence has supported the view that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have long term negative impacts on physical and mental health. More recently, ACEs have been negatively associated with a range of educational measures. As educational attainment is a determining factor in later socioeconomic position, the education system is likely to play a significant role in responding to ACEs. A critical and reflective examination of the available research will be crucial to intervening in evidence-based ways. While the ACEs movement has been instrumental in highlighting the educational impact of inequality in childhood, the ACEs research is often difficult to parse due to a reliance on checklists and a cumulative risk model. At present, the mechanisms that link ACEs to educational outcomes are still under-researched. Continued discussion of the concept of ACEs and the strengths and limitations of the current research is warranted.

Early developmental success and school readiness strongly influence future skill development, occupational opportunities, and health. Therefore, it is critical to identify and address early determinants of school readiness for supporting children’s overall well-being and success. In this retrospective cohort study, we examined the effects of pre-birth household challenges, such as homelessness or experiences of intimate partner violence, on children’s early school readiness. We linked data from the Alaska 2009–2011 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) to administrative and education records through 2019. Education records included kindergarten developmental scores, third grade reading assessments, and attendance records. Generalized linear models with Quasi-Poisson distributions for each outcome of interest examined the predictive value of pre-birth household challenges on the risks of not meeting school readiness expectations. We found that experiencing higher numbers of pre-birth household challenges was related to higher risk of the child not meeting developmental and reading proficiency and having chronic absenteeism. These results suggest that it is imperative support systems for pregnant persons and their families be introduced as soon as possible in pre-natal care routines to address current pre-birth household stressors and prevent future challenges. Such early prevention efforts are needed to ensure the best possible developmental start for children.

Resilience is the capacity to recover quickly from difficulties, and previous studies have determined that resilience has a relationship with mental health. However, the association of each aspect of resilience on mental health, depression, and adverse childhood events (ACEs) have not been closely examined. Discerning which aspects of resilience are associated with mental health issues, depression, and ACEs can help psychiatric nurses determine effective treatments and interventions for at-risk patients. One hundred ninety-five community-dwelling participants (ages 18 to 89) were invited to Purdue University in Indiana and Scripps College in California for the study. Participants completed the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA), which examines six aspects of resilience: perception of self, planned future, social competence, structured style, family cohesion, and social resources. Additionally, the SF-12® Health Survey, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale, and an ACE survey were completed. Using the six aspects of resilience as predictors, three hierarchical regression models were built with SF-12®, CES-D, and ACE as dependent variables. Findings showed that negative perception of self and impaired sense of planned future were associated with mental health issues; addition-ally, a lack of social resources was associated with depression, and weakened family cohesion was associated with ACEs. Psychiatric nurses can utilize the RSA during initial assessments to determine the most problematic areas for patients and fi nd ways to target their treatment and interventions. Pediatric nurses can also assess ACEs present in a child’s life and encourage family therapy sessions to promote family cohesion.

Emerging research suggests associations of physical and psychosocial stressors with epigenetic aging. Although this work has included early-life exposures, data on maternal exposures and epigenetic aging of their children remain sparse. Using longitudinally collected data from the California, Salinas Valley CHAMACOS study, we examined relationships between maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) reported up to 18 years of life, prior to pregnancy, with eight measures (Horvath, Hannum, SkinBloodClock, Intrinsic, Extrinsic, PhenoAge, GrimAge, and DNAm telomere length) of blood leukocyte epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) in their children at ages 7, 9, and 14 years (N = 238 participants with 483 observations). After adjusting for maternal chronological age at delivery, pregnancy smoking/alcohol use, parity, child gestational age, and estimated leukocyte proportions, higher maternal ACEs were significantly associated with at least a 0.76-year increase in child Horvath and Intrinsic EAA. Higher maternal ACEs were also associated with a 0.04 kb greater DNAm estimate of telomere length of children. Overall, our data suggests that maternal preconception ACEs are associated with biological aging in their offspring in childhood and that preconception ACEs have differential relationships with EAA measures, suggesting different physiologic utilities of EEA measures. Studies are necessary to confirm these findings and to elucidate potential pathways to explain these relationships, which may include intergenerational epigenetic inheritance and persistent physical and social exposomes.

Background Extensive literature has shown an association of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) with adverse health outcomes; however, its ability to predict events or stratify risks is less known. Individuals with mental illness and ACE exposure have been shown to visit emergency departments (ED) more often than those in the general population. This study thus examined the ability of the ACEs checklist to predict ED visits within the subsequent year among children and adolescents presenting to mental health clinics with pre-existing mental health issues. Methods The study analyzed linked data (n = 6100) from two databases provided by Alberta Health Services (AHS). The Regional Access and Intake System (RAIS 2016–2018) database provided data on the predictors (ACE items, age, sex, residence, mental health program type, and primary diagnosis) regarding children and adolescents (aged 0–17 years) accessing addiction and mental health services within Calgary Zone, and the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System (NACRS 2016–2019) database provided data on ED visits. A 25% random sample of the data was reserved for validation purposes. Two Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) logistic regression models, each employing a different method to tune the shrinkage parameter lambda (namely cross-validated and adaptive) and performing 10-fold cross-validation for a set of 100 lambdas in each model were examined. Results The adaptive LASSO model had a slightly better fit in the validation dataset than the cross-validated model; however, it still demonstrated poor discrimination (AUC 0.60, sensitivity 37.8%, PPV 49.6%) and poor calibration (over-triaged in low-risk and under-triaged in high-risk subgroups). The model’s poor performance was evident from an out-of-sample deviance ratio of − 0.044. Conclusion The ACEs checklist did not perform well in predicting ED visits among children and adolescents with existing mental health concerns. The diverse causes of ED visits may have hindered accurate predictions, requiring more advanced statistical procedures. Future studies exploring other machine learning approaches and including a more extensive set of childhood adversities and other important predictors may produce better predictions. Furthermore, despite highly significant associations being observed, ACEs may not be deterministic in predicting health-related events at the individual level, such as general ED use.

Pediatric headaches have been linked to adverse life events or psychological factors in children and their families, with a complex and bidirectional association. Moreover, it is well-known that psychological stress can trigger headaches.We searched three databases for studies focusing on headaches and adverse events or psychological factors in children up to 12 years old or in their caregivers.We included 28 studies. Child psychological factors, including internal and external symptoms, were commonly associated with all types of headaches. Sleep disturbances showed a positive association with headaches in 3 out of 5 studies. Family conflict and unhappiness were frequently found in children suffering with headaches, while single-parent families and divorce were not associated. Stressful environments and adverse life events, particularly bullying, were also found to be linked with headaches.Childhood headaches represent an alarm bell for clinicians to investigate and treat psychological or psychiatric disorders in children and their family. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of early-life adverse events in children and their families.

Potentially traumatic experiences have been associated with chronic diseases. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation (DNAm), have been proposed as an explanation for this association. We examined the association of experiences of trauma with epigenome-wide DNAm among African American mothers (n = 236) and their children aged 3–5 years (n = 232; N = 500), using the Life Events Checklist-5 (LEC) and Traumatic Events Screening Inventory—Parent Report Revised (TESI-PRR). We identified no DNAm sites significantly associated with potentially traumatic experience scores in mothers. One CpG site on the ENOX1 gene was methylome-wide-significant in children (FDR-corrected q-value = 0.05) from the TESI-PRR. This protein-coding gene is associated with mental illness, including unipolar depression, bipolar, and schizophrenia. Future research should further examine the associations between childhood trauma, DNAm, and health outcomes among this understudied and high-risk group. Findings from such longitudinal research may inform clinical and translational approaches to prevent adverse health outcomes associated with epigenetic changes.

The southern region of the United States, often referred to as the Deep South, is disproportionately affected by HIV. In fact, the highest rates of new HIV infections occur in the Deep South. Approximately one in five new HIV infections are among youth. Youth living with HIV (YLWH) have several behavioral health risks, including co-occurring mental health and substance abuse disorders, which negatively affect medication adherence, contribute to less engagement in HIV care, and result in poor health outcomes. Research suggests that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) contribute to HIV risk behaviors and that people living with HIV may be more vulnerable to the negative health outcomes and adverse effects of stressors. Using existing program evaluation data, we examined data from 41 YLWH aged 17–24 screened for ACEs in an integrated care setting. Most participants were Black/African American young men who identified as homosexual, bisexual, or questioning, and who acquired HIV behaviorally. Approximately, one-third of YLWH screened positive or in the high-risk range on an ACEs screener. Scores fell in the intermediate range for nearly half of the sample. Results did not reveal a significant relationship between ACEs and HIV biological indicators. In this paper, we describe these findings and the importance of incorporating trauma-informed approaches into HIV prevention and treatment programs targeting youth in the Deep South.

The prevalence of adolescent mental health issues, suicides, and psychiatric hospitalizations is on the rise (Blader, 2011; CDC, 2019). Those who have experienced Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are at increased risk (Duke & Borowsky, 2018; Moore & Ramirez, 2016). Using data from the nationally representative and longitudinal Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing (FFCWB) birth cohort study (Princeton University, 2019; Reichman, Teitler, Garfinkel, & McLanahan, 2001), this study examines how ACEs contribute to the growing mental health crisis while exploring protective factors aimed at informing interventions. Childhood adversity is examined by including a focus on specific timing, average occurrences over time, and chronic levels of high adversity. In addition, elements of youths’ social context (home, schools, neighborhoods) that might serve a protective function were examined. Multiple linear regression models were conducted to predict adolescent depression, anxiety, and positive functioning. Findings strengthen the overarching notion that ACEs across childhood relate to mental health in adolescence- joining work suggesting a dose-response relationship between cumulative ACEs and mental health outcomes (e.g., Blum et al., 2019). Work should consider ACEs at multiple points across time to best capture the potential accumulation of risk. Results also provide evidence that various contexts of social support have consistently positive, direct contributions to explaining adolescent mental health symptoms and well-being, but they did not serve as protective factors for ACEs. Implications include continuing efforts to reduce ACE exposure (prevention) and bolstering interventions that demonstrate the capacity to develop and enrich various social supports. For both aspects, there is a call for broad systemic intervention and community-based efforts (Kia-Keating et al., 2017; Liu et al., 2020), as initiatives enacting supports at multiple levels have the potential for the most wide-reaching impacts.

BackgroundThe occurrence of early childhood adversity is strongly linked to later self-harm, but there is poor understanding of how this distal risk factor might influence later behaviours. One possible mechanism is through an earlier onset of puberty in children exposed to adversity, since early puberty is associated with an increased risk of adolescent self-harm. We investigated whether early pubertal timing mediates the association between childhood adversity and later self-harm.MethodsParticipants were 6698 young people from a UK population-based birth cohort (ALSPAC). We measured exposure to nine types of adversity from 0 to 9 years old, and self-harm when participants were aged 16 and 21 years. Pubertal timing measures were age at peak height velocity (aPHV – males and females) and age at menarche (AAM). We used generalised structural equation modelling for analyses.ResultsFor every additional type of adversity; participants had an average 12–14% increased risk of self-harm by 16. Relative risk (RR) estimates were stronger for direct effects when outcomes were self-harm with suicidal intent. There was no evidence that earlier pubertal timing mediated the association between adversity and self-harm [indirect effect RR 1.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–1.00 for aPHV and RR 1.00, 95% CI 1.00–1.01 for AAM].ConclusionsA cumulative measure of exposure to multiple types of adversity does not confer an increased risk of self-harm via early pubertal timing, however both childhood adversity and early puberty are risk factors for later self-harm. Research identifying mechanisms underlying the link between childhood adversity and later self-harm is needed to inform interventions.

Interventions focused on young people at risk of anti-social and criminal behaviour frequently involve physical exercise and/or participation in sporting activities as a primary vehicle to bring about behavioural change in both the short to medium term. Anecdotal evidence suggests that sporting activities positively influence individual well-being alongside a sense of purpose and belonging centred around sporting clubs and activities. Empirically, participation in sport has been identified as a key resilience factor for young people with numerous Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and investment and policy initiatives target investment in these opportunities. However, the psychological mechanisms which underpin these improvements in well-being and building of resilience are less clearly articulated. This article will review current and developing research in this field to synthesise future applications of sport-related interventions with young people, with a particular emphasis on furthering understanding of the pathways to capacity building at individual and community level which sport and exercise can generate.

Background A very large body of research documents relationships between self-reported Adverse Childhood Experiences (srACEs) and adult health outcomes. Despite multiple assessment tools that use the same or similar questions, there is a great deal of inconsistency in the operationalization of self-reported childhood adversity for use as a predictor variable. Alternative conceptual models are rarely used and very limited evidence directly contrasts conceptual models to each other. Also, while a cumulative numeric ‘ACE Score’ is normative, there are differences in the way it is calculated and used in statistical models. We investigated differences in model fit and performance between the cumulative ACE Score and a ‘multiple individual risk’ (MIR) model that enters individual ACE events together into prediction models. We also investigated differences that arise from the use of different strategies for coding and calculating the ACE Score. Methods We merged the 2011–2012 BRFSS data (N = 56,640) and analyzed 3 outcomes. We compared descriptive model fit metrics and used Vuong’s test for model selection to arrive at best fit models using the cumulative ACE Score (as both a continuous or categorical variable) and the MIR model, and then statistically compared the best fit models to each other. Results The multiple individual risk model was a better fit than the categorical ACE Score for the ‘lifetime history of depression’ outcome. For the outcomes of obesity and cardiac disease, the cumulative risk and multiple individual risks models were of comparable fit, but yield different and complementary inferences. Conclusions Additional information-rich inferences about ACE-health relationships can be obtained from including a multiple individual risk modeling strategy. Results suggest that investigators working with large srACEs data sources could empirically derive the number of items, as well as the exposure coding strategy, that are a best fit for the outcome under study. A multiple individual risk model could also be considered in addition to the cumulative risk model, potentially in place of estimation of unadjusted ACE-outcome relationships.

Background Despite increased understanding of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), very little advancement has been made in how ACEs are defined and conceptualized. The current objectives were to determine: 1) how well a theoretically-derived ACEs model fit the data, and 2) the association of all ACEs and the ACEs factors with poor self-rated mental and physical health. Methods Data were obtained from the Well-Being and Experiences Study, survey data of adolescents aged 14 to 17 years (n = 1002) and their parents (n = 1000) in Manitoba, Canada collected from 2017 to 2018. Statistical methods included confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and logistic regression models. Results The study findings indicated a two-factor solution for both the adolescent and parent sample as follows: a) child maltreatment and peer victimization and b) household challenges factors, provided the best fit to the data. All original and expanded ACEs loaded on one of these two factors and all individual ACEs were associated with either poor self-rated mental health, physical health or both in unadjusted models and with the majority of findings remaining statistically significant in adjusted models (Adjusted Odds Ratios ranged from 1.16–3.25 among parents and 1.12–8.02 among adolescents). Additionally, both factors were associated with poor mental and physical health. Conclusions Findings confirm a two-factor structure (i.e., 1) child maltreatment and peer victimization and 2) household challenges) and indicate that the ACEs list should include original ACEs (i.e., physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect, exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV), household substance use, household mental health problems, parental separation or divorce, parental problems with police) and expanded ACEs (i.e., spanking, peer victimization, household gambling problems, foster care placement or child protective organization (CPO) contact, poverty, and neighborhood safety).

Justice-involved youth experience high rates of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), placing them in great need of behavioral health treatment and risk for continued justice involvement. Policy makers, government agencies, and professionals working with justice-involved youth have called for trauma-informed juvenile justice reform. Yet, there is currently no available review of the literature on ACEs and their impact on justice-involved youths’ psychological, legal and related (e.g., academic) outcomes to rigorously guide such reform efforts. The current systematic scoping review synthesizes existing literature related to the impact of ACEs on justice-involved youth and offers recommendations for data-driven intervention along the Sequential Intercept Model, which describes five different points of justice system contact (i.e., first arrest, court diversion, detention, community supervision) in which there is opportunity to intervene and improve youth behavioral health, legal and associated outcomes. Eight unique studies were included in 40 articles examining ACEs among justice-involved youth; 38% were longitudinal/ prospective analyses and none were intervention studies. Studies included delinquency (e.g., recidivism; n=5), psychiatric (n=4), substance use (n=3), and other (n=2; e.g., academic, pregnancy) outcomes, documenting high prevalence of ACEs and significant associations between ACEs and a variety of outcomes. Implications for clinical services (e.g., targeting youth dysregulation and aggression), agency context (e.g., training police officers in trauma-responsive practices), and system-level changes (e.g., intervening at the time of first ACE documentation such as parent’s arrest) are discussed.Public Significance Statement: Systematic scoping review results demonstrate youth in contact with the juvenile justice system have high rates of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), which are associated with greater behavioral health needs and worse legal outcomes. Studies point to critical public health need for data-driven, trauma-informed responses at multiple levels across the continuum of juvenile justice involvement, including: clinical service (e.g., addressing youth dysregulation and aggression versus requiring trauma diagnosis), agency (e.g., training police officers in trauma-responsive practices), and systems (e.g., intervening at time of first ACE documentation, such as parent’s incarceration).

Contains fulltext : 221336.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Background: Persons with mild intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning (MID-BIF; IQ 50-85) have a higher risk of being exposed to traumatic events and developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). EMDR therapy has shown to be applicable, safe and potentially effective for the treatment of PTSD in individuals with MID-BIF. However, in traumatized multi-problem families with MID-BIF and (impending) out of home placement of children, standard PTSD treatment in an outpatient setting may not be appropriate. Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and potential effectiveness of KINGS-ID, a six-week clinical trauma-focused treatment programme consisting of intensive EMDR therapy with parents and children, and parental skills training followed by two weeks of parent support at home. Method: Six families (nine parents of whom six had MID-BIF) and 10 children (all having MID-BIF) participated in the KINGS-ID programme. Seven parents and seven children had PTSD. Data were collected within a single case study design. For each family member data were collected during baseline (three measurements), treatment (seven weekly measurements), posttreatment (three measurements) and at follow-up (three measurements). Results: None of the family members dropped out. Within the first two treatment weeks all but one child and one parent no longer met PTSD symptom criteria. In both children and parents, trauma-related symptoms and daily life impairment significantly decreased following treatment and in parents a significant decrease in symptoms of general psychopathology and parental stress was found. Results were maintained at six-month follow-up. Conclusions: The findings of the current study are promising given that the treatment programme seems to offer new perspectives for traumatized multi-problem families with MID-BIF. 12 p.

Background: The psychological impact of COVID-19 is multifaceted, both acute and chronic, and has not affected everyone equally. Method: This longitudinal study compared those with and without Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) on measures of psychological distress and wellbeing over time. Results: All groups (No ACE, Low ACE, and High ACE) had similar levels of distress at Time 1, with significant increases in psychological distress for those with ACEs over time, but not for those without. Psychological Flexibility was strongly and significantly associated with decreases in psychological distress and improved wellbeing. It significantly mediated the relationship between ACE and wellbeing. Conclusions: Those with ACEs report significantly increased psychological distress over time, compared to those without ACE during the COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence-based interventions using Psychological Flexibility may improve mental health and wellbeing to help further mediate its effects.

Background Evidence has identified the detrimental effects that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have on outcomes across the life course. We assess associations between prospective and retrospective ACEs and mental health in young adulthood and the influence of recent stressors. Methods Secondary analysis of a sample of 1592 young adults from the Birth to Twenty Plus cohort, from 1990 to 2013, were assessed throughout their first 18 years for prospective ACEs. Retrospective ACEs and an assessment of mental health were collected at the 22–23-year data point. Findings Prospective physical and sexual abuse are associated with an increased risk of depression (OR 1·7 [95% CI 1·37–1·93, p = 0·034], and OR 1·8 [95% CI 1·27–2·07, p = 0·018], respectively). Retrospective emotional abuse/neglect is associated with increased anxiety (OR 1·8 [95% CI 1·32–2·36, p = 0·000]), depression (OR 1·6 [95% CI 1·08–2·25, p = 0·018]) and overall psychological distress (OR 1·6 [95% CI 1·18–2·17, p = 0·002]). Prospectively reporting four or more ACEs is associated with a twofold increase in risk for overall psychological distress (OR 2·2 [95% CI 1·58–3.12, p = 0·008]). Retrospectively reporting four or more ACEs is associated with increased likelihood of somatization (p = 0·004), anxiety (p = 0·002), depression (p = 0·021), and overall psychological distress (p = 0·005). Interpretation Both individual and combined retrospective and prospective ACEs are related to mental health in young adulthood. Recent stressors reinforce this relationship; the likelihood of those who report more ACEs experiencing psychological distress increases when adjusting for recent stressors. Funding Wellcome Trust (UK), South African Medical Research Council, Human Sciences Research Council, University of the Witwatersrand and supported by the DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development.

It is well established that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are linked to health and emotional outcomes. However, less is known about the relationship between ACEs and educational attainment&mdash, a potentially important feature of educational stratification in America. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), a nationally representative study following 7&ndash, 12th grade students in the 1994&ndash, 95 school year, I investigate the link between ACEs and these students&rsquo, timely post-secondary attainment. I also explore the role of health and socio-emotional factors as mediators. Results confirm that there is a graded relationship between ACEs and timely bachelor&rsquo, s degree attainment&mdash, an additional ACE decreases the odds of timely bachelor&rsquo, s degree attainment by about 17%, even after accounting for other related factors. In addition, the findings suggest that general health partially mediates this link.

ACESNext: Charting the Future of ACES

ACESNext: Charting the Future of ACES (IBC)

Overview of IMF Application #5 ACES to be published as SMPTE ST 2067-50

ACES presentation to IMAGO Oslo Digital Cinema Conference 2017

Summary meeting notes from 2017 Siggraph Birds of a Feather

Siggraph 2017 ACES Birds of a Feather Presentation by Joachim Zell

ACES for DGA Members - DGA Digital Day 2017

ACES - Retrospective and Enhancements Contributors Remi Achard - Eclair Steve Agland - Animal Logic Haarm-Pieter Duiker - Duiker Research Alex Fry - Animal Logic Brian Karis - Epic Games Sebastien Largarde - Unity Technologies Robert Molhom - Industrial Light and Magic Michael Parsons - The Moving Picture Company Nick Shaw - Antler Post Reviewers Lars Borg - Adobe Alasdair Coull - Wingnut Films Production Ltd. Marie Fetiveau - Rodeo FX Lucien Fostier - Image Engine Design Alex Fry - Electronic Arts Thomas Hourdel - Unity Technologies Anders Langlands - Weta Digital Jasmin Patry - Sucker Punch Troy James Sobotka - Freelancer The Academy Color Encoding System (ACES) is a set of standardized, open source solutions created by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) Science and Technology Council (SciTech) for color management in the motion picture industry. It aims to simplify the complexity of multiple image capture devices, encoding standards, exhibition formats, and archival practices by providing the open standards for maintaining end-to-end image fidelity in a production workflow. This document presents a series of talking points which summarize the experience of several image quality experts within the visual effects and interactive entertainment industries. These points highlight issues encountered with the ACES 1.0.x system in both production and research environments. The central themes of these points are to make the ACES system more open to peer-review and academic discourse, more flexible for a wider variety of users, and more robust to current and future implementations of the specification. The following discussion should be regarded as an open letter to AMPAS, the ACES board, and the larger community of ACES users.

Youth incarcerated in the juvenile justice system are disproportionately exposed to traumas both in and outside of custody that are associated with poor social, behavioral, and developmental outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to describe one pathway through which trauma can impact a myriad of outcomes, including delinquency, violence, substance use, and other behaviors that are self-regulatory in nature. Relevant research from the developmental neuroscience, juvenile justice, and trauma literatures are drawn upon and synthesized to describe this pathway. Using a multi-disciplinary approach to understanding the role that brain development and neural activity play in the relationship between trauma and associated behavioral outcomes could serve to inform juvenile justice policy decisions and intervention practice. Such application could increase the effectiveness with which juvenile justice systems work with one of the most vulnerable and traumatized populations of youth in today’s society: those incarcerated in our juvenile justice system.

Introduction: Twenty years ago, the first study was conducted to access adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and their relation to outcomes in adulthood. The effects of exposure to childhood trauma can also be transmitted to other generations. There are some studies that suggest the hypothesis that intergenerational transmission may begin during intrauterine life through the change in placental-fetal physiology due to maternal exposure to adverse events in childhood. Those exposures can lead to a variety of conditions such as altered brain architecture, increase in placental corticotrophin hormone (pCRH) at the end of gestation, or emotional and behavioral changes during childhood and adolescence. The systematic review, therefore, is established to determine if there is a reliable association between maternal ACEs in childhood and altered child development. Method: We will conduct a systematic review according to the guidelines of the meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology (MOOSE) and with the preferred reporting items for systematic review with a focus on health equity (PRISMA-E). A comprehensive search strategy will be conducted in the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Lilacs, and SciELO. Following a 2-step screening process, data including the full reference, objectives, target population, description of the exposure (ACEs), outcome measures, study design, length of follow-up period, and the study results will be extracted, synthesized, and reported. Risk of bias and quality of the studies will also be assessed. Dissemination and ethics: The results of this review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication. Because all of the data used in this systematic review has been published, this review does not require ethical approval. Discussion: This systematic review of the last 20 years will summarize and present the evidence for the relationship between maternal ACEs and the development of her child. Systematic Review registration: PROSPERO #CRD42018111456. Abbreviations: ACEs = adverse childhood experiences, MOOSE = meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology, pCRH = placental corticotrophin hormone, PECOS = population, exposure, controls, outcomes, and study designs.

Universidad de Sevilla. Máster en Ingeniería Industrial

The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has been pivotal in the inception, design and later adoption of a vendor-agnostic and open framework for color management, the Academy Color Encoding System (ACES), targeting theatrical, TV and animation features, but also still-photography and image preservation at large. For this reason, the Academy gathered an interdisciplinary group of scientists, technologists, and creatives, to contribute to it so that it is scientifically sound and technically advantageous in solving practical and interoperability problems in the current film production, postproduction and visual-effects (VFX) ecosystem—all while preserving and future-proofing the cinematographers’ and artists’ creative intent as its main objective. In this paper, a review of ACES’ technical specifications is provided, as well as the current status of the project and a recent use case is given, namely that of the first Italian production embracing an end-to-end ACES pipeline. In addition, new ACES components will be introduced and a discussion started about possible uses for long-time preservation of color imaging in video-content heritage.

Research suggests that many children are exposed to adverse experiences in childhood. Such adverse childhood exposures may result in stress and trauma, which are associated with increased morbidity and mortality into adulthood. In general populations and trauma-exposed adults, mindfulness interventions have demonstrated reduced depression and anxiety, reduced trauma-related symptoms, enhanced coping and mood, and improved quality of life. Studies in children and youth also demonstrate that mindfulness interventions improve mental, behavioral, and physical outcomes. Taken together, this research suggests that high-quality, structured mindfulness instruction may mitigate the negative effects of stress and trauma related to adverse childhood exposures, improving short- and long-term outcomes, and potentially reducing poor health outcomes in adulthood. Future work is needed to optimize implementation of youth-based mindfulness programs and to study long-term outcomes into adulthood.

Since its beginning, more than 117 years ago, the compression-ignition engine, or diesel engine, has grown to become a critically important part of industry and transportation. Public concerns over the health effects from diesel emissions have driven the growth of regulatory development, implementation, and technological advances in emission controls. In 2001, the United States Environmental Protection Agency and California Air Resources Board issued new diesel fuel and emission standards for heavy-duty engines. To meet these stringent standards, manufacturers used new emission after-treatment technology, and modified fuel formulations, to bring about reductions in particulate matter and nitrogen oxides within the exhaust. To illustrate the impact of that technological transition, a brief overview of pre-2007 diesel engine exhaust biomarkers of genotoxicity and health-related concerns is provided, to set the context for the results of our research findings, as part of the Advanced Collaborative Emissions Study (ACES), in which the effects of a 2007-compliant diesel engine were examined. In agreement with ACES findings reported in other tissues, we observed a lack of measurable 2007-compliant diesel treatment–associated DNA damage, in lung tissue (comet assay), blood serum (8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine [8-OHdG] assay), and hippocampus (lipid peroxidation assay), across diesel exhaust exposure levels. A time-dependent assessment of 8-OHdG and lipid peroxidation also suggested no differences in responses across diesel exhaust exposure levels more than 24 months of exposure. These results indicated that the 2007-compliant diesel engine reduced measurable reactive oxygen species–associated tissue derangements and suggested that the 2007 standards–based mitigation approaches were effective.

The International Space Station is equipped with Global Positioning System receivers that provide real-time position information at the 10m accuracy level. In preparation of the Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space experiment, measurements from Russian and American receivers have been used to assess the navigation accuracy that can be achieved through postprocessing of navigation solutions and raw data in a precise orbit determination process. In addition, the capability to accurately forecast the space station orbit for operation of microwave and laser terminals has been studied. It is shown that the orbit can be reconstructed with a 1 m position accuracy and a 1 mm/s velocity accuracy even from single-frequency Global Positioning System measurements. For the test period in mid 2006, short arc orbit predictions with a median error of 20 and 70 m could be obtained over forecast intervals of 6 and 12 h, respectively. The navigation accuracy obtained is compatible with the mission requirements for the relativistic correction of the atomic clocks and the quick look clock performance monitoring.