Search

none 1 none Angelo Di Falco DI FALCO, Angelo

none 8 no The present study focuses on visual scanning techniques of expert and novice helicopter pilots during an open sea flight simulation in two different workload conditions. Twelve helicopter pilots were involved. Mental workload was assessed through psycho-physiological (EDA and HR) and psychological measures (NASA-TLX). The pilots’ performance was assessed. Eye movements were recorded to analyse the differences in visual scanning techniques. More fixations were made OTW than ITC, but it did not differ between groups and conditions. Fixations were longer OTW than ITC, and they were shorter in high cognitive demand condition than low cognitive demand condition. Higher number of fixations was recorded on the centre line during landing, and on the instruments during cruise phase. The research highlighted that external conditions might change the visual scanning strategy of pilots. The implications for a new visual landing system design, as well as the limitations of the study are ultimately discussed. mixed Rainieri, Giuseppe; Fraboni, Federico; Tušl, Martin; Russo, Gabriele; Giusino, Davide; De Angelis, Marco; Tria, Annagrazia; Pietrantoni, Luca Rainieri, Giuseppe; Fraboni, Federico; Tušl, Martin; Russo, Gabriele; Giusino, Davide; De Angelis, Marco; Tria, Annagrazia; Pietrantoni, Luca

Objectives This study is a replication of a study examining the causal impact of a brief exposure to deviant peers on own deviant behavior, i.e., Paternoster et al. (Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 50:476–503, 2013). This study retested this design using different monetary incentives and a female deviant peer. Methods A total of 69 university students (61% female) from the Netherlands participated in this laboratory-based study (Mage = 20.64; SD = 2.00) under the façade of a study on individual differences predicting memory recall. Participants could earn up to 10 euros. All participants had the opportunity to cheat to illegitimately earn more money (deviancy). Participants in the experimental condition were exposed to a deviant peer who verbalized her intention to cheat, justified this behavior, and then visibly cheated on the memory recall task. Results Although participants in both conditions engaged in some deviancy, the brief exposure to a deviant peer significantly increased the amount of deviancy compared to participants who were not exposed to a deviant peer. These results were consistent after controlling for different demographic and theoretical control variables that predict deviancy. Conclusions Although not identical in magnitude, our results echo those found by Paternoster et al. (2013): Even a brief exposure to a previously unknown deviant peer increases the amount of deviant behavior in young adults. Future research should examine factors predicting the susceptibility to (different types and thresholds of) deviant peer influence. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11292-017-9305-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

open 2 si Poichè la Rivista ha diffusione internazionale ed è presente in molti cataloghi e banche dati nazionali e internazionali, l'abstract è tradotto in spagnolo, in francese e in inglese.Per maggiori approfondimenti: http://investigacionenlaescuela.es/index.php/presentacion/presencia-de-la-revista The environmental crisis is now evident and its manifestations are so numerous and powerful (from climate change, to the increasing social and economic instability, from the progressive loss of biodiversity, to the reduction of resources ...) to make unavoidable and urgent the necessity to make a change capable of satisfying the needs of the present generation, without compromising the possibility that future generations will be able to satisfy their own (Brundtland, 1987). Despite the hard evidence, the answers are still too timid. It is increasingly important to involve new generations in a process of awareness about these themes through which they can build their own experience, direct and concrete. What future could have a public educational institution that was not able to develop culture on the most urgent problems of our time? In order to promote change it is therefore necessary (to promote as well) a constant and continuous educational commitment capable of translating into a re-appropriation and knowledge of the environment in which we live. Starting from these premises, an Erasmus Plus project entitled "School Territory Environment and Pedagogy" (STEP) was built and shared with four European and non-European countries. The objective (of the project) is to (create) co-construct a trans-national curriculum on the themes of active citizenship, starting from what can be considered its three founding principles: sustainability education, civil coexistence, and tangible and intangible heritage. In the present contribution, attention will be paid in particular to the dimension of the environment, understood as an opportunity, tool and interlocutor to promote reflections and paths of education to sustainability. open Michela Schenetti; Elisa Guerra Michela Schenetti; Elisa Guerra

none 6 no Hepatitis C negatively changes patient quality of life even in the absence of advanced liver disease. The specific patterns of quality of life of hepatitis C positive patients waiting for transplant or after surgery are not widely studied. Areas covered: A significant percentage of infected patients show cognitive impairment, fatigue, and/or a 'brain fog', that cannot be explained by the liver disease. Depression can be diagnosed in one third of hepatitis C positive patients. Conflicting data are available regarding the possible role of Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score as predictor of impaired quality of life. In the first period after liver transplant, quality of life tends to increase at the pre-transplant period but in the medium and long-term period, it declines. The recurrence of hepatitis C infection represents a strong predictor of morbidity and mortality and can significantly affect the global quality of life of patients. Expert commentary: Hepatologists, surgeons and psychologists should collaborate to support infected patients in all phases of transplant including the long-term period after surgery. Education and information should be implemented especially regarding the positive role of new direct antivirals. none Golfieri, Lucia; Gitto, Stefano; Morelli, Maria Cristina; Pinna, Antonio Daniele; Grandi, Silvana; Andreone, Pietro Golfieri, Lucia; Gitto, Stefano; Morelli, Maria Cristina; Pinna, Antonio Daniele; Grandi, Silvana; Andreone, Pietro

none 4 no The interference produced by the viewing of emotional distractors has been interpreted as evidence that emotional cues are processed in a fairly mandatory fashion, and that they divert attention from the primary ongoing task. However, few studies have examined how behavioral emotional interference varies with repeated presentation of the same emotional distractors. In two experiments, while participants were engaged in a parity judgment task, we investigated the effects of repetition of task-irrelevant emotional pictures, as reflected in both behavioral interference (Experiments 1 and 2) and neural activity (Experiment 2). Both experiments showed that the slowing of reaction times that was observed when viewing emotional, compared to neutral, scenes disappeared after only a few repetitions, suggesting diminished attention allocation to repeated emotional pictures. Conversely, in Experiment 2, neural correlates of picture processing revealed that the late positive potential (LPP) amplitude continued to be enhanced for emotional, compared to neutral, distractors despite picture repetition and the presence of a concurrent task. Altogether, these findings suggest that while evaluative processes are mandatory, and continue to engage cortico-limbic appetitive and defensive systems even after massive repetition, as suggested by the affective modulation of the LPP, attentional processes are not necessary after several repetitions of the same stimulus, as indicated by the rapid decline of behavioral emotional interference. Codispoti, Maurizio; De Cesarei, Andrea; Biondi, Simone; Ferrari, Vera Codispoti, Maurizio; De Cesarei, Andrea; Biondi, Simone; Ferrari, Vera

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between circadian preference and sensation seeking. To this aim 1041 university students (408 males and 633 females), ranging in age between 18 and 30 years, filled the reduced version of the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQr) and the Sensation Seeking Scale-Form V (SSS-V). Males scored higher than females in SSS-V total score and all subscales, except experience seeking (ES). As regards circadian preference, evening types scored higher than morning types in SSS-V total score and all subscales, except boredom susceptibility (BS) where they significantly differed only from intermediate types. On the whole our results highlight a significant relationship between circadian preference and sensation seeking.

The purpose of this study was to explore a possible season of birth effect on big five personality traits, taking into account also gender and circadian typology variables. A sample of 419 healthy young adults (249 females and 170 males) was administered the self-report version of the Big Five Observer (BFO) and the Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) to determine, respectively, personality features and circadian preference. Participants were subdivided into four season groups, according to their birth date. No significant season of birth effect was observed as regards personality traits even if summer-born participants tended to score lower on the conscientiousness dimension. In regard to the conscientiousness domain, there was a significant interaction between gender and season of birth. Males presented greater conscientiousness variation with summer born participants scoring lower. On the basis of a multiple regression analysis, MEQ score proved to be a better predictor of conscientiousness than gender, age, and season of birth. The results provide no clear evidence for a season of birth effect on the big five personality traits. It is possible that circadian preference may modulate the season of birth effect on personality traits.

We explored the relationship between personality, based on the five-factor model, and circadian preference. To this end, 503 participants (280 females, 223 males) were administered the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and the self-report version of the Big Five Observer (BFO) to determine circadian preference and personality features, respectively. Morning types scored significantly higher than evening and intermediate types on the conscientiousness factor. Evening types were found to be more neurotic than morning types. With reference to the big five personality model, our data, together with those of all the previous studies, indicate that the conscientiousness domain is the one that best discriminates among the three circadian types. Results are discussed with reference to neurobiological models of personality.

none 1 no Cosa si nasconde dietro la patina retorica e rassicurante della narrazione di un'infanzia “felice e spensierata”? È proprio vero che “i nostri bambini”, i cui diritti fondamentali di tutela e di cura sono garantiti, stanno bene? Domande – queste – che sorgono con urgenza di fronte al dilagante fenomeno dell'adultizzazione, da un lato, e del rischio di una “scomparsa” dell'infanzia, dall'altro. Schiere di “piccoli adulti” abitano i contesti del nostro quotidiano (a casa, a scuola, al parco, in piscina...), smaniosi di fare presto ingresso nel regno dei grandi. Il loro non sembra essere un tempo in cui sostare e perdersi a fantasticare, quanto piuttosto una fase da oltrepassare con competenza e velocità. L'infanzia così come la conosciamo, come ci è stata tramandata e descritta dalla pedagogia e dalle scienze dell'educazione, è dunque, oggi, inattuale e sembra farsi strada con fatica e “inadeguatezza” nell'odierna società. Il “premio” del successo, infatti, chiede, ai suoi candidati – grandi o piccoli che siano - competenza, competizione, risultati e smania di potere: i bambini e le bambine sono preparatissimi a giocare questo ruolo e dialogano (quasi) ad armi pari con chi dovrebbe esercitare verso di loro (e da un piano diverso –quello adulto) una autorevole responsabilità. Il diritto a vivere l'infanzia con i suoi tratti specifici e le sue peculiarità non è, dunque, sempre garantito e ciò chiama in causa, inevitabilmente, una riflessione e una azione da parte di chi si occupa di educazione. Con questo libro si sceglie di riportare alla luce, elogiandoli, i tratti dell'infanzia inattuale, nel tentativo di contribuire a costruire una “nuova cultura” che, tra i suoi fini, abbia a cuore il rispetto dei bambini e delle bambine e la tutela dei loro diritti, primo tra tutti, quello ad avere un'infanzia. Demozzi, Silvia Demozzi, Silvia

none 6 no First Online: 29 October 2014 Purpose This study aimed at examining the effects of 2 weeks of dawn simulation on attentional performance in adolescents. Methods On the whole, 56 adolescents (24 females and 32 males) took part to the study, with a mean age of 17.68 ± 0.97 years (age ranging between 15 and 20 years). Each adolescent was requested to participate for 5 consecutive weeks and the research design included the baseline and two counterbalanced conditions, dawn simulator and control (no dawn simulator). Attentional performance of adolescents was measured through the attention network test (ANT) that allowed assessing the efficiency of three separable attentional networks, namely alerting, orienting and executive. Overall, participants performed the ANT three times (i.e., one time for each condition), while sleep quality, sleep duration and sleep timing were concurrently monitored by means of actigraphy and were treated as potential confounders. Results The only improvement of the attentional performance attributable to the use of dawn simulator was observed for the efficiency of alerting network (45.97 ± 32.76 ms) that significantly increased in comparison to the baseline (31.57 ± 26.97 ms) (p < 0.05). On the contrary, the sleep quality, sleep quantity and sleep timing did not significantly change. Conclusion These results show for the first time that, controlling for sleep quality, sleep duration and sleep timing, the use of dawn simulator across 2 weeks is able to determine an alerting effect in adolescents. Tonetti L.; Fabbri M.; Erbacci A.; Filardi M.; Martoni M.; Natale V. Tonetti L.; Fabbri M.; Erbacci A.; Filardi M.; Martoni M.; Natale V.

none 5 si This study explored the relationship between season of birth and handedness, taking into account gender and nationality variables. Young adults from three countries (2120 females and 1353 males; 877 Spanish, 2184 Italian, and 412 French), aged from 18 to 30 years, filled the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (EHI). According to the literature, the percentage of left-handed participants in the whole sample was 9.30%. The distribution of left- and right-handed participants was not significantly different among the seasons of birth. The present data do not support a significant season of birth effect on handedness in young adults. none L. Tonetti; A. Adan; H. Caci; M. Fabbri; V. Natale L. Tonetti; A. Adan; H. Caci; M. Fabbri; V. Natale

none 1 Con il segmento di ricerca che viene presentato nella sua prima fase si prende in esame l’ipotesi di un processo, in atto da tempo, di trasformazione e/o di declino della narrazione orale nel rapporto quotidiano tra adulti e bambini, inteso, in questo specifico contesto, come “spia” dei mutamenti degli stili educativi e degli interscambi tra famiglie ed operatori dei servizi in relazione all’alleanza educativa. La complessità dei filoni di studio che rimandano alla voce “narrazione”negli ambiti delle scienze umane esige la precisazione della curvatura “narrativa” scelta per la ricerca in corso: curvatura che appartiene all’epistemologia della letteratura per l’infanzia e della pedagogia della narrazione in quanto permette di imboccare la strada della ricerca pedagogica rivolta innanzi tutto ai significati che il narrare assume nella relazione educativa e poi ai modi ed alle forme della narrazione che coinvolgono l’infanzia. In un’epoca di grande vitalità e visibilità delle narrazioni, tra cui abbondano le produzioni scritte, illustrate, filmate per l’infanzia, sembra esserci una zona marginale e quasi sommersa della comunicazione narrante che rischia di sfumare in una sorta di oblio. E’ la zona della narrazione orale esperita in praesentia da bambini ed adulti insieme, tessuta con fili di parole che restituiscono senso all’intero arco delle esperienze, tentando di riordinare il disordine che spesso connota la realtà, interpretando, stabilendo connessioni, impregnando di quel senso i vissuti, i fatti, le relazioni, le cose e le parole stesse, ancora, nelle voci. Del rischio e delle conseguenze che possono derivare dalla sua mancanza si occupa questo contributo di ricerca che, dal punto di vista metodologico, si è avvalso e si avvale sia di analisi condotte sul corpus dei testi sia della raccolta di dati e informazioni tramite incontri condotti con la modalità del focus group, con educatrici e genitori. M.Bernardi M.Bernardi

The aim of this study was to examine sex differences in sleep-time preference by age among Italian pre-adolescents, adolescents, and adults. The final sample consisted of 8,972 participants (5,367 females and 3,605 males) from 10 to 87 yrs of age. To assess preferred sleep habits, we considered the answers to the open-ended questions of the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). In agreement with previous studies, we found that sleep-time preference started to shift toward eveningness from the age of 13 yrs. Females reached their peak in eveningness earlier (about 17 yrs of age) than males (about 21 yrs of age). Thereafter, the ideal sleep-time preference advanced in men and women with increasing age. Females presented a more significant advanced sleep phase than males only during the years when sexual hormones are typically active. Moreover, females reported a longer ideal sleep duration than males across all age groups examined, except in over 55 yrs one.

none 3 D'Olimpio F; Cieri L; Mancini F D'Olimpio, Francesca; Cieri, L; Mancini, F.

none 3 D'Olimpio F; Ferlazzo F; Mancini F D'Olimpio, Francesca; Ferlazzo, F; Mancini, F.