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The development of an effective and selective chemosensor for CN− ions has become the need of the hour due to their hazardous impact on the environment and humans.

Solar energy being a non-depleting energy resource, has attracted scientists' attention to develop efficient solar cells to meet energy demands.

One of the most economically significant insect pests in world agriculture is the armyworm, Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae). In 2019, S. litura was reared in a lab environment to study its biological parameters on different hosts. The sixth larval instar was recorded in this study. The period of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th larval instar on cotton was 3.55±0.10, 3.59±0.09, 3.99±0.10, 4.56±0.09, 6.65±0.15, and 5.59±0.17 days, respectively. Maximum adult emergence was recorded on cabbage followed by cotton and maize. The larval length and weight were found higher on cabbage followed by cotton and maize. The pupal development was less concerning days on maize than other tested hosts. The highest mean fecundity was 2954.16 eggs per female on cabbage leaves while minimum with 987.19 eggs per female on maize leaves. The sex ratio of female to male was recorded as 1:0.7, 1:0.6, and 1:0.5, on cabbage, cotton and maize, respectively. Female was long lived than male as recorded on all tested hosts. Among all tested hosts, cabbage was recorded as the most preferable and suitable host for pest. The current study findings will provide suitable information about hosts of S. litura but suggest further studies.

Aims: The primary aim of the present research was to provide awareness about the latest trends of drug practices of national athletes of Pakistan for the improvement of their sport performance. Methodology: The samples were national athletes belonging to various sports departments of national level. The athletes were selected using snowball and convenient sampling approaches. The questionnaire employed for the data collection was self-administered. With the optimistic consent of the athletes, 80 questionnaires were dispatched at their home addresses. Therefore, 62 athletes (77.5%) returned the filled questionnaires. The requisite information of all filled questionnaires was coded in SPSS-26 software to get the desired results. Moreover, descriptive statistics through frequencies and percentages was executed to draw the findings and further discussions of the present study. Results: The mean age of the national athletes was noted 34.17 years with 2.8 std. deviation and the age range was found between 30 to 38 years. The descriptive statistics of drug practices by national athletes calculated through occasionally, sometimes and frequently. Majority of the national athletes followed and practiced the trends of drugs while participating in their national games and championships to enhance their sport performance to approach the winning position and get the medals. Conclusion: It was concluded that athletes may not aware the side effects and hazards of these drug practices using anabolic steroids, charas, marijuana, aspirin, cocaine, and heroin. National associations and federations should conduct seminars and awareness workshops for the athletes prior to their participation in sport competitions so that national athletes may save themselves from the side effects and afterwards physical damages.

Hybrid nanofluid has an extensive range of real-world applications. Hybrid nanofluid is a new and advanced nanofluid modification extensively used to increase thermal efficiency in fluid flow systems. The main objective of this research is to study magnetohydrodynamics hybrid nanofluid flow numerically in two dimensional over a vertical exponentially shrinking sheet, considering the effects of Joule heating and thermal slip condition. Furthermore, using the Tiwari-Das model, the influence of the suction parameter on variations of reduced skin friction and reduced heat transfer is also explored. The hybrid nanofluid in this research is an Al2O3+Cu/water hybrid nanofluid, in which water is the base fluid, and two types of solid nanoparticles, namely Alumina (Al2O3) and copper (Cu), are combined together. The governing partial differential (PDEs) equations are transformed into the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using exponential similarity variables. The resulting ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are numerically solved using the three-stage Labatto III-A technique in the "MATLAB software's" bvp4c solver. Hybrid nanofluids have greater thermal efficiency than nanofluids and base fluid. Dual solutions are obtained in specified ranges of suitable parameters. The temperature profile rises in both solutions as the Eckert value enhances. Besides, In the first and second solutions, the thermal boundary layer thickness decreased gradually as the thermal slip parameter increased. Finally, the conclusions presented that solution duality exists when the suction parameter , while no flow of fluid is possible when .

On 20thMarch, 2020 because of vide spread of COVID-19, the individuals were advised for isolation at home considering the lockdown of educational institutes. This caused economic barren and lack of learning and knowledge globally. As a result, Pakistan was at the top level worldwide for closure of schools during CORONA virus (COVID-19).For elimination of its adverse effects, The Government of Pakistan rapidly started effective strategies. The development and implementation of different tools for students to facilitate in their studies proved a great milestone for PGC. Microsoft teams for online lectures, recorded lectures, video audio conversations between students and teachers, special test system to gain competitive edge managed the situation during this COVID 19.

Hybrid nanofluid is considered a modern and improvised form of nanofluid which usually used to enhance the performance of heat transfer in fluid flow systems. Previous studies found hybrid nanofluid offered a wide range of applications and this opened up numerous new opportunities to further explore the unknown behaviour of hybrid nanofluid under different body geometries and physical parameters. This paper numerically studied a two-dimensional mixed convection and radiative Al2O3-Cu/H2O hybrid nanofluid flow over a vertical exponentially shrinking sheet with partial slip conditions. The main objective is to investigate the effect of mixed convection and radiation on the velocity and temperature profiles, as well as the effect of suction on reduced skin friction and reduced heat transfer with respect to solid volume fraction of copper, velocity, and thermal slips. Exponential similarity variables transformed the governing system of partial differential equations into a system of ordinary differential equations which is solved via MATLAB’s bvp4c solver. Outcomes showed that the value of the reduced heat transfer upsurges in the first solution but declines in the second solution when the velocity slip rises. The reduced heat transfer decreases in both dual solutions when thermal slip is enhanced. As the intensity of thermal slip increases, the reduced skin friction rises in the first solution and decreases in the second. As the mixed convection parameter increases, no obvious variation is noticed in the temperature distribution within the first solution, but increasing trend is observed within the second solution. An increment in the temperature distribution also observed within the dual solutions as the thermal radiation parameter increases. In summary, findings from this study are particularly useful to understand various behaviour of Al2O3-Cu/H2O hybrid nanofluid under the influence of mixed convection, radiation, and partial slip conditions when it flows over a vertical exponential shrinking sheet.

Objective: To see graft uptake success rate in platelet rich fibrin aided underlay myringoplasties using temporalis fascia graft compared to conventional underlay myringoplasties. Study Design: Double blind randomized controlled trial study. Place and Duration of Study: ENT department, Pakistan Naval Ship Shifa Hospital, from Jan to Jun 2019. Methodology: Sixty cases with dry central tympanic membrane perforations were recruited. The patients suffering from sensori-neural hearing loss and co-morbidities like diabetes were excluded. The sampling technique was probability simple random. Patients were divided into two groups by lottery method. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS. The chi square test was applied to calculate p-value. Results: Out of total 60 patients 38 were males and 22 were females. Study group’s (Fibrin) mean age was 31.77 ± 12.43 years and Control group’s mean age was 27.53 ± 11.41 years. All the patients in platelet rich fibrin group had successful graft uptake at 2 months follow-up. In control group with conventional technique 23 out of 30 patients had successful graft uptake and rest 7 patients had different issues leading to graft rejection. Conclusion: In under lay myringoplasty procedure, application of platelet rich fibrin on temporalis fascia graft edge and perforation edges has significantly improved the successful uptake rate of graft.

Objective: To comparison was made between standard (control group) nasopharyngeal sample collection technique for RTPCR and modified technique and the outcome was compared in terms of the proportion of positive results of Rt-PCR tests. Study Design: Double blinded randomized clinical trial. Place and Duration of Study: Pakistan Naval Ship Shifa Hospital Karachi Pakistan, from June and July 2020. Methodology: This study was a newly developed modified technique for nasopharyngeal sampling for RT-PCR tests of COVID-19 suspects. Target population included all patients who developed COVID-19 related symptoms and/or also had history of recent travel or closed contact with Covid-19 patients. Total 1500 nasopharyngeal PCR tests were done by a team of trained technicians. Systemetic probability sampling technique was utilized. Subjects were divided into two groups by using even and odd serial numbers. Proportion of positive test results were compared between two groups by using chi square test. Results: Results were collected for 3000 nasopharyngeal swab sample for RT-PCR testing. Mean age was 31.68 ± 11.89 years. In study group with modified technique, 470 tests were found positive for a total of 1500 samples while only 297 out of 1500 samples were detected positive in control group with standard technique. Chi square test applied to assess the difference between this proportion and it proved that the difference was highly statistically significant (p-value

Objective: To compare the recovery of patients in both groups having acute otitis externa induced by cotton buds/various objects. One group by old method and second group by unique method. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Pakistan Naval Ship Shifa Karachi, from Jan to Dec 2020. Methodology: Non-probability convenience sampling technique was applied. Out of 50 cases were selected for group 1 management. Fifty cases were selected for group 2 management. A chi-square test was applied to compare the recovery of two groups of patients on the 14th day and 42nd day of follow-up. p-value was kept 0.05 as significant. Results: A total of 100 cases were treated in 2 groups. The gender distribution of the study was 54 females and 46 males. The mean age of the study population was 33.09 ± 12.93 years. p-value was calculated on the 14th day and 42nd days. A 2x2 table of 14th follow up day showed recovery by both groups with a p-value of 0.041 which is

Objective: To determine frequency of our complications of endoscopic sinus surgery without pre-operative CT-Scan and to compare this frequency with other similar studies done with the help of pre-operative CT-Scans. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: ENT Department, Combined Military Hospital Skardu Pakistan, from Jun 2017 to Jun 2019. Methodology: Total 69 patients (116 Sides) were operated under general anesthesia by using 0 and 30 degree endoscopes to address the Maxillary sinusitis. Frequency of complications was compared to other studies by applying chi-square test for goodness of fit. The complications were also correlated to ages of patients by applying Spearman correlation analysis. Results: Mean age was 29.75 ± 10.9 years (range 15-75). Overall complications rate was 4.3% (5 out of 116 sides, 95% confidence interval 4.23-4.4). Peri-orbital ecchymosis and peri-orbital emphysema were most commonly occurring complications (4.3%). This complication rate was compared to few other studies, which proved that difference was not statistically significant. Correlation of occurrences of orbital complications with the age proved that there was no statistically significant correlation (Correlation coefficient r=-0.085, p-value 0.276). Conclusion: Isolated chronic maxillary sinusitis refractory to medical treatment can be treated by endoscopic sinus surgery without pre-operative CT-Scan.

Objective: The present research aimed to provide knowledge and awareness to the retired athletes about their diabetes. Methodology: The research hascross-sectional research design. The glucose level of 300 recently retired male athletes was observed through Glucometer before data collection. Total 163 out of 300 athletes were found diabetic. The data was collected from these 163 diabetic retired athletes through the questionnaire. The researchers took three months to complete the process of glucose testing process retired athletes through Glucometer. Afterward, the collected data was edited into SPSS (v-26) for further analyses. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics using frequencies and percentages on the written observations of retired athletes. Results: The findings have shown that athletes were become diabetic due to give up their sports practices and exercises after their retirement. Before retirement, they were taken rich carbohydrates in their meals and utilized them in their routine sports practices and competitions. Afterward, the eating habits of athletes were still in progress but their sports habits were changed which cause their diabetes. Conclusion: It was concluded that the retired athletes of Pakistan belonging to any sports should observe their blood glucose regularly. Furthermore, they should continue their exercises and sports involvements to maintain their fitness levels as well as to control the glucose levels in their blood. This enhances not only their healthy lifestyle but also they may spend their healthy lives.

Objective: Diabetes have a central contribution with type I or type II towards the healthy lifestyles of sportspersons. Aerobic exercise and daily walking stay them fit and control their glucose levels in their bloodstream. The aim of this study was to find out the effects of aerobic exercises and walk on the sportspersons of type I and II diabetes. Methodology: The existing research has experimental design itself wherein pre-tests and post-tests were employed to make sure the novelty of results. The data was collected from the diabetic sportspersons dividing them equally into control group (N-20) and experimental group (N-20). Both groups had type I (N-20) and type II (N-20) diabetic individuals. Aerobic exercise and walk protocol was applied for six weeks on experimental group, whereas, control group continued their routine activities. Afterwards, the data was collected through pre and post treatments and edited into SPSS (v-26). The collected data was analyzed through descriptive statistics using frequencies and percentages, whereas, T-test was applied to make the differences of pre and post treatments. Results: The findings has shown that aerobic exercises and walk decrease the higher levels of glucose in blood and enable to stable glycemic balance, weight loss maintenance, decrease insulin resistance, blood pressure decrease, and blood glucose control. Conclusion: The prominent differences were observed between control and experimental groups either type I or type II. It was concluded that the sportspersons may reduce the excessive glucose engaging in aerobic exercises and walk on daily basis rather than using medications. They should spend their happy lives and get rid of medications and insulin through spending their spare time using light exercises and maintain their glucose levels in blood as well.

Nonlinear optical (NLO) materials have several uses in many fields such as solid physics, biology, medicine, nuclear physics, and material research. Therefore, a series of nonfullerene-based derivatives (

Photoelectrocatalysts are robust materials for the production of energy through different ways such as water splitting. Narrow optical band gaps and high overpotentials are limiting the development of photoelectrocatalysts. In this study, a series of Co1-(x+y)Fe x Mn y WO4 solid solutions of cobalt tungstate codoped with iron and manganese have been synthesized hydrothermally. The synthesized solid solutions have been characterized by powder XRD, UV-visible spectra, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). They all crystallize in a wolframite-type monoclinic crystal system with space group P2/c. Doping of iron and manganese leads to narrowing of the optical band gap of Co1-(x+y)Fe x Mn y WO4 from 2.60 to 2.04 eV. The electrocatalytic activity toward oxygen evolution reaction of all of the samples has been evaluated through LSV measurements. It is found that the sample named C5, which is codoped with manganese and iron, has the lowest onset potential and needs the lowest overpotential to attain the targeted 5 mA cm-2 and standard 10 mA cm-2 current densities as compared with all other synthesized samples. This study shows that the synthesized tungstates can be good candidates for the photoelectrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction.

In the present study, three novel fluorinated terphenyl compounds i.e., 2′,4,4′′,5′-tetrafluoro-1,1':4′,1′′-terphenyl (1), 2′,5′-difluoro-1,1':4′,1′′-terphenyl (2) and 2′,5′-difluro-4,4′′-diphenoxy-1,1:4′,1′′-terphenyl (3) have been synthesized by Suzuki Miyaura method. Single crystal XRD study reveals ð-ð stacking stabilization in molecular packing along with F⋯H and F⋯C interactions. This computational quantum chemical exploration was also done by using density functional theory (DFT) methods. The comparison of experimental (SC-XRD) and theoretical (DFT) investigations on structural parameters have been reported which shows reasonable agreements. Hirshfeld surface analysis explores the strength of intermolecular interactions present in the synthesized compounds. A substantial computational analysis of synthesized compounds is done for their optoelectronic and third-order nonlinear optical properties. The third-order NLO study was performed at M06/6-311G* level of theory. A comparative analysis of third-order polarizability of studied compounds is done with that of para-nitroaniline (p-NA) molecule which is often considered as a prototype NLO molecule. The third-order NLO analysis results suggest that all investigated compounds 1, 2 and 3 have significant potential as efficient third-order NLO molecules as compared to p-NA. The studied compounds 1, 2 and 3 possess about 13.7 times, 5.2 times and 5.17 times larger third-order polarizability amplitudes than that of p-NA (25.45 × 10−36 esu) as calculated at same M06/6-311G* levels of theory. Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations are performed for electronic excitation energies and their oscillator strengths. The studies of frontier molecular orbitals (FMO) analysis, total and partial density of states (DOS) were performed to investigate the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process in the entitled compounds.

Organic compounds having significant nonlinear optical (NLO) applications are being employed in the optoelectronics field. In the current work, a series of non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) based compounds are designed by modifying the acceptors with different substituents using

For environment friendly water splitting, development of highly efficient and stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst composed of earth abundant elements is very challenging. Herein, highly efficient OER catalysts TMS@MOF-5 have been prepared by in-situ incorporation of pre-synthesized various transition metal sulfide (TMS = MnS, FeS, CoS, NiS, CuS and ZnS) nanoparticles into MOF-5. Structure, morphology and composition of prepared samples have been analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, Elemental Mapping and Ultraviolet–Visible Spectroscopy. OER activity of all these samples was determined by coating them on Ni-foam to form TMS@MOF-5/NF as working electrode through cyclic voltammetry. Among all the samples, NiS@MOF-5/NF exhibited excellent stability and OER catalytic activity as it required just 174 mV overpotential to achieve the 10mAcm−2current density, which is better than many other 3d transition metal based and Ni-based OER catalysts. Present study provides new way to design more efficient Ni-based catalysts for electrochemical water splitting applications.

Background and ObjectivesWorld urolithiasis is increasing with a 70% increase in hospital admissions between 2000 and 2015. Stone analysis can allow for the identification of metabolic conditions and stone retrieval may decrease the need for follow-up imaging, reducing costs and patient radiation.This study aimed to see if introducing the UroPro© Stone catcher into our practise would increase stone retrieval thus increasing stone analysis rates and reducing the need for follow-up imaging. MethodsBetween November 2018 and July 2019 patients receiving ESWL or being conservatively managed for a ureteric stone were discharged with a Paramount Medical solutions UroPro© Stone Catcher. Both groups of patients were asked to complete a patient survey regarding the product. ResultsThere were 27 patients recruited. 14 from SWL and 13 from acute admissions. 22 responses were received in total: 10 from acute admissions and 12 from ESWL. 5 patients were uncontactable. 30% (n=3) of the acute patients passed and caught a stone negating the need for further imaging. 30% (n=3) did not pass their stone and required either emergency or elective intervention. 1 patient passed his stone into the toilet whilst another had the stone in their bladder when they were taken to theatre. 20% (n=2) patients but did not catch their stone requiring follow-up imaging which revealed the stone had passed. In the ESWL group 16% (n=2) caught a fragment, the rest found they only passed dust. Stone analysis was performed in all 5 patients who returned a fragment. A total of 73% (n=16) of patients reported over 75% compliance with the stone catcher. 59% (n=13) reported that the stone catcher was easy to use whilst 27% (n=6) found it hard. When given a choice of sieving methods. Only 6 patients (27%) would opt to use the stone catcher with over half, 64% (n=14), preferring more traditional methods of sieving urine over the stone catcher. the patient 0.5 to 2.8 mSv of radiation from follow-up imaging, the NHS circa £100 per unnecessary follow-up computed tomography (CT) scan and aids metabolic analysis. Over time both factors may be substantial. Therefore, emphasizing the benefits and importance to patients to sieve their urine regardless of the techniques is paramount in the modern management of urolithiasis.ConclusionThe UroPro© stone catcher did increase the number of stones caught and sent for analysis. However, many patients preferred the older ‘sieving’ methods. Stone catchers retail at £5.50, therefore ‘sieving’ remains more cost-effective. Stone retrieval in any form remains advantageous as confirming stone passage saves

The aim of the current research was to determine the involvement of predictors of achievementin sports contribution of female student athletes along with moderating construct. Predictors of achievement such as social support factors, social cultural factors, and social personal factorswith social interferential factors involved greatly in sports contribution of female athletes at school level.The quantitative research approach to fill the questionnaires from 590 samples was applied randomly. The subjects have belonged to the school education department overall Pakistan. The information was gathered from three provinces (Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Sindh) of Pakistan. Data was collected from 9th and 10th grade school athletes. Afterwards, survey data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, and path analysis with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).The findings of path analysis revealed that being a moderator (social interferential factor) contributedsignificantlyto the outcome variable in hypothesized model. The findings concluded that support from siblings and peers should be keenly provided and management of the institutions (school) should be responsible to make sure the availability of sports facilities for female students. The associations of female sports should step forward to form the practice environment in Pakistan at present.The current study found that the social interferential factor was fully moderated the relationship in conjunction with social support, social cultural, social personal individually, and the female athletes’ sports contribution. Positive relationships were revealed between all constructs and the sports’ contribution of female athletes.The female sports organizations and associations are needed to raise the issue to higher authorities on this gender disparity and demand for equal rights of sports opportunities for females.

A graph is regular if all of its vertices have equal degree and otherwise, it is an irregular graph. Irregularity topological indices are used for studying irregularly of irregular graphs. ...

Solid–solid phase transition materials have attracted increasing attention because of their variety of applications in optoelectronic devices, data storage, and ferroelectric field-effect transistors. Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite materials combine the characteristics of organic and inorganic components and thus might be promising candidates to obtain phase-transition materials. Here, we report a lead-free organic–inorganic hybrid (hexamethyleneimine)2BiBr5 (1), which displays successive phase transitions at 268 K, 304 K and 311 K upon heating; these phase transitions are induced by the distorted configurational change in organic cations and slight reorientational displacement of [BiBr5]n2− polyanionic zigzag chains. In addition, the UV/Vis optical spectrum indicates that 1 has an indirect bandgap of 2.70 eV. Furthermore, computational analyses disclose that the inorganic perovskite-like building blocks of 1 contribute significantly to its semiconducting properties. This study offers a pathway to explore new lead-free organic–inorganic hybrids with phase transition.

The current research presents the synthesis of novel salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazones (1–6) and their spectroscopic characterization employing UV–visible, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and NMR techniques. Experimental results are compared and validated with the results obtained theoretically by employing density functional theory at the M06 level with the 6-311G (d,p) basis set. Further, various parameters [natural bond orbital (NBO)], linear and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, and global reactivity parameters (GRPs) are computationally calculated. The NBO approach has confirmed the stability of compounds on account of charge delocalization and hyper conjugative interaction network. Frontier molecular orbital analysis has explained the charge transfer and chemical reactivity capability, while GRPs have led to the analysis of kinetic stability of the studied molecules. Further, the probability of being NLO-active has been theoretically proved by the HOMO/LUMO energy difference (4.133–4.186 eV) and β values (192.778–501.709 a.u). These findings suggest that the studied compounds possess potential NLO applications as they have shown larger NLO values in comparison with that of the urea molecule, and such distinct properties prove their technological importance.

Photoelectrocatalysts are robust materials for the production of energy through different ways such as water splitting. Narrow optical band gaps and high overpotentials are limiting the development of photoelectrocatalysts. In this study, a series of Co1–(x+y)FexMnyWO4 solid solutions of cobalt tungstate codoped with iron and manganese have been synthesized hydrothermally. The synthesized solid solutions have been characterized by powder XRD, UV–visible spectra, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). They all crystallize in a wolframite-type monoclinic crystal system with space group P2/c. Doping of iron and manganese leads to narrowing of the optical band gap of Co1–(x+y)FexMnyWO4 from 2.60 to 2.04 eV. The electrocatalytic activity toward oxygen evolution reaction of all of the samples has been evaluated through LSV measurements. It is found that the sample named C5, which is codoped with manganese and iron, has the lowest onset potential and needs the lowest overpotential to attain the targeted 5 mA cm–2 and standard 10 mA cm–2 current densities as compared with all other synthesized samples. This study shows that the synthesized tungstates can be good candidates for the photoelectrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction.

Objective: Malnutrition, which is a very common condition in the elderly, is known to increase their susceptibility to negative health events. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of malnutrition in the population of the community over 75 years. Methods: Practitioners (GPs) used a short version of the Mini Nutrition Assessment (MNA-SF) as a screening tool to study the nutritional status of the elderly (1039 people). The malnutrition was confirmed by biochemical parameters. People at risk of malnutrition or malnutrition (n = 22) have recommended a personalized diet. Results: MNA-SF confirmed that 21% of older people at risk of malnutrition and biochemical tests had a 3.5% incidence of malnutrition. Dietary counseling improved the MNA-SF score and biochemical parameters, but the difference was statistically significant only for the MNA-SF score (P = 0.00613). Conclusion: Malnutrition can be assessed with a simple tool, such as MNA-SF, which is diagnosed at the earliest stage and successfully treated by the attending physician. Key words: malnutrition, free elderly, MNA, dietary advice

Adequate control of circulatory pressure (BP) is fundamental to counteract future cardiovascular crises. In all cases, blood pressure regulator in treated hypertensive cases was deficient. In recent times, many studies have considered practicality of home self-assessment of blood pressure for administration of hypertension. We have evaluated blood pressure control both at home and in workplace in hypertensive cases treated in situations of prime consideration in Pakistan (the J-HOME examination). Our current research was conducted at Mayo Hospital, Lahore from November 2018 to October 2019. Authors found meager control of BP at home and in the office and explained few of the issues influencing control. In addition, authors analyzed elements related to the extent of white coat impact, the distinction between morning and evening BP, and pulse amount at home in the current research examination. Keywords: hypertension; antihypertensive healing; home BP.

Materials with nonlinear optical (NLO) properties have significant applications in different fields, including nuclear science, biophysics, medicine, chemical dynamics, solid physics, materials science and surface interface applications. Quinoline and carbazole, owing to their electron-deficient and electron-rich character respectively, play a role in charge transfer applications in optoelectronics. Therefore, an attempt has been made herein to explore quinoline–carbazole based novel materials with highly nonlinear optical properties. Structural tailoring has been made at the donor and acceptor units of two recently synthesized quinoline–carbazole molecules (Q1, Q2) and acceptor–donor–π–acceptor (A–D–π–A) and donor–acceptor–donor–π–acceptor (D–A–D–π–A) type novel molecules Q1D1–Q1D3 and Q2D2–Q2D3 have been quantum chemically designed, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) computations are performed to process the impact of acceptor and donor units on photophysical, electronic and NLO properties of selected molecules. The λmax values (321 and 319 nm) for Q1 and Q2 in DSMO were in good agreement with the experimental values (326 and 323 nm). The largest shift in absorption maximum is displayed by Q1D2 (436 nm). The designed compounds (Q1D3–Q2D3) express absorption spectra with an increased border and with a reduced band gap compared to the parent compounds (Q1 and Q2). Natural bond orbital (NBO) investigations showed that the extended hyper conjugation and strong intramolecular interaction play significant roles in stabilising these systems. All molecules expressed significant NLO responses. A large value of βtot was elevated in Q1D2 (23 885.90 a.u.). This theoretical framework reveals the NLO response properties of novel quinoline–carbazole derivatives that can be significant for their use in advanced applications.

Carbon-carbon coupling play a vital role in the synthetic field of organic chemistry. Two novel pyridine derivatives: 3-bromo-5-(2,5-difluorophenyl)pyridine ( 1 ) and 3,5-bis(naphthalen-1-yl)pyridine ( 2 ) were synthesized via carbon-carbon coupling, characterized by XRD, spectroscopic techniques and also investigated by using density functional theory (DFT). XRD data and optimized DFT studies are found to be in good correspondence with each other. The UV–Vis analysis of compounds under study i.e. ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) was obtained by using “TD-DFT/B3LYP/6-311 + G(d,p)” level of theory to explain the vertical transitions. Calculated FT-IR and UV–Vis results are found to be in good agreement with experimental FT-IR and UV–Vis findings. Natural bond orbital (NBO) study was performed using B3LYP/6-311 + G(d,p) level to find the most stable molecular structure of the compounds. Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis were performed at B3LYP/6-311 + G(d,p) level of theory, which indicates that the molecules might be bioactive. Moreover, the bioactivity of compounds ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) have been confirmed by the experimental activity in terms of zones of inhibition against bacteria and fungus. Chemical reactivity of compounds (1) and (2) was in dicated by mapping molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) over the entire stabilized geometries of the compounds under study. The nonlinear optical properties were computed with B3LYP/6-311 + G(d,p) level of theory which are found greater than the value of urea due to conjugation effect. Two state model has been further employed to explain the nonlinear optical properties of compounds under investigation.

To switch quadratic nonlinear optical (NLO) effects has become an exciting branch of the NLO material science. However, solid-state molecular crystals showing tunable and switchable NLO behaviors remain scarce. Here, we report an organic picrate-based binary molecular crystal, triethylammonium picrate (TEAP), which undergoes an above-room-temperature phase transition at Tc = 319 K, being solidly confirmed by the thermal and dielectric measurements. A large thermal hysteresis of ∼7 K discloses the first-order feature for its phase transition. More strikingly, the quadratic NLO effects of TEAP can be switched in the vicinity of Tc. That is, TEAP exhibits NLO-active response of ∼1.5 times as large as that of KDP below Tc (i.e., NLO-on state), while its NLO effects totally disappear above Tc (NLO-off state). Structure analyses disclose that the order-disorder transformations of triethylammonium cations and picrate anions collectively contribute to its phase transition, as well as switchable NLO behaviors. This work opens up a new pathway to the designing and assembling of stimuli-responsive materials.

An organic–inorganic semiconducting compound of 1-methylpiperidinium triiodoplumbate(II) (MPIP), adopting a one-dimensional ABX3 perovskite-like structure, has been synthesized. It is notable that MPIP undergoes a structural phase transition (SPT) at Tc ≅ 202 K, as confirmed by DSC and Cp analyses. Strikingly, MPIP exhibits remarkable switchable dielectric responses; that is, the distinct step-like anomalies in the vicinity of Tc. The switching between high-dielectric and low-dielectric states makes MPIP a potential switchable dielectric material. Single-crystal structural analysis reveals that the most distinct difference between its high-temperature phase (above Tc) and low-temperature phase (below Tc) is the order–disorder transformation of a 1-methylpiperidinium cation, which accounts for its SPT and striking dielectric response. Besides this, MPIP shows semiconducting behaviour with an optical bandgap of ∼2.48 eV, comparable to some other lead-iodide perovskites. The combination of semiconducting and dielectric attributes provides a new perspective for the design of hybrid perovskites as multifunctional materials.

Introduction: Nasal mucosa is very sensitive when it is exposed to extreme dry and cold weather conditions. Persistent or recurrent nasal itching due to such exposure is usually followed by the epistaxis. Objective of the study was to analyze effects of excessive exposure to dry and cold air of air conditioners on nose in terms of nasal itching and epistaxis. Methods: This prospective cohort study carried out on 144 healthy Pakistani individuals working in United Nations Hospital in Nyala, Sudan from February 2014 to May 2014. Individuals spending less than 8 hours daily inside air conditioners were compared to those spending more than 15 hours daily. Chi square tests were applied to compare the proportions of incidence of nasal itching and epistaxis between these two groups as well as between two age groups. Results: Mean age of all 144 subjects was 35.01 years (± 6.4). Chi square test results confirmed that there was statistically significant difference of both the symptoms (nasal itching p-value 0.021 and nasal bleeding p-value 0.044) between two groups. Those spending more time in air conditioners were significantly more affected by dry and cold air. As for as the age group is concerned significantly higher number of subjects of ages more than 40 years had nasal bleeding compared to the younger age group (equal or less than 40 years). Conclusion: Effects of exposure of dry air of air conditioners on nasal mucosa in terms of nasal itching and nasal bleeding were found to be significantly higher when subjects were exposed 15 hours or more per day. Furthermore nasal bleeding was more commonly seen in elderly subjects (more than 40 years) due to such exposure

Moringa oleifera Lam. is a fast-growing deciduous tree native to the subcontinent with a wide array of uses. It is used as food plant by human and animals. Since it contains beneficial higher calcium, vitamin A, vitamin C, protein, potassium and iron contents, it is also used to treat malnutrition in children. The present study is conducted for comprehensive phytochemical profiling via total bioactive contents and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC-MS) analyses, and biological profiling by determining the antioxidant potential via DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), CUPRAC (cupric reducing antioxidant power), phosphomolybdenum and metal chelation assays. In addition, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and tyrosinase inhibition assays were also performed. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to investigate the relationship between biological activities and total bioactive content of the extracts. Chemical profiling showed that total phenolic contents are present in highest concentrations in ethyl acetate extracts of the aerial parts and seed. Further total bioactive contents were correlated with their optimum anti-oxidant capacities for ABTS, FRAP and CUPRAC. Altogether 67 phytochemicals were identified from aerial parts of the plant and its seed with major classes as phenolics, flavonoids, sesquiterpenoids and alkaloids. The ethyl acetate extract of seed showed good inhibition of AChE (2.77 mg GALAE/g extract) and BChE (8.05 mg GALAE/g extract) followed by the inhibition potential of water extract as 8.34 mg GALAE/g extract. The ethyl acetate extract also showed most significant (61.93 mg-KAE/g) tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The hexane extract of seed showed good inhibition of α-glucosidase (6.32 mmol ACAE/g extract) and α-amylase (0.47 mmol ACAE/g extract). In silico docking studies were performed, where two herbimycin and prekinamycin showed good binding affinity with all the enzymes. It can be concluded that the presence of complex phytochemicals with multi-functional potential distinguishes Moringa oleifera Lam. as a promising source of health-promoting component and recommended its use in biopharmaceutical industries.

Background: Endoscopic sinus surgery has become a preferred modalityfor management of various nasal and sinus disorders. Orbital complications, though rare,are reported amongst patients undergoing ESS. Study Design: Case series. Methods: Aretrospective review was undertaken of four cases of orbital complications during endoscopicsinus surgery. Results: Two patients suffered from periorbital haematoma and subconjunctivalhaemorrhage. One patient developed subcutaneous emphysema and numbness of lower eyelidand cheek. One patient got oedema of lower eyelid. Conclusion: Ophthalmic complicationsoccurring during ESS should be timely and properly addressed. By having sound knowledge ofanatomy of nose, paranasal sinuses and orbit and detailed preoperative assessment, chancesof orbital complications can be lessened.

A highly stable and intensely fluorescent composite was assembled by incorporating ruthenium functional unit (Ru unit) into layered double hydroxide matrices. This composite inherits the photoluminescence property of Ru unit but exhibits enhanced photoluminescence with a long lifetime. Importantly, it acts as an excellent chemosensor for sensitive detection on Cr2O72−. Such detection resulted in visible photoluminecence quenching. Furthermore, the composite is remarkably stable in the detection conditions without Ru unit leaking out. Therefore, these results provide us a simple, sensitive, and effective approach to detect Cr2O72−.

A new molecule-based compound, N-ethyl-n-butylammonium 3, 5-dinitrobenzoate monohydrate, which undergoes a reversible solid-state phase transition at 197 K (Tc), has been successfully constructed based on long-chain alkylamine. Specific heat capacity and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements confirm that it is first-order phase transition with a 5 K thermal hysteresis between heating and cooling scans. Dielectric constants exhibit distinct anomalies around Tc accompanied with step-like responses between low and high dielectric states, which further confirm the phase transition. Variable-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses illustrate that the phase transition was elucidated from ordering of the flexible N-ethyl-n-butylammonium cations coupled with reorientational motion of the alkylamine chain.

A novel molecular phase transition material (PTM), 1-methylpiperidinium perchlorate [18-crown-6] monohydrate (1), has been synthesized, which exhibits reversible switchable dielectric anomalies near room temperature. The phase transition in 1 is from noncentrosymmetric to noncentrosymmetric, displaying non-linear optical (NLO) properties with a second harmonic generation response of ∼0.8 times compared to that of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Thermal analyses of 1, including differential scanning calorimetry and specific heat measurements, confirm the first-order solid-state phase transition at 260 K. The dielectric constants display temperature-dependent anomalies with the temperature approaching the transition point (Tc), where the evident step-like anomalies demonstrate two distinct states below and above the Tc value, respectively. Variable-temperature single crystal X-ray diffraction discloses that the origin of its phase transition is ascribed to the order–disorder transformation of perchlorate anion, the methyl group of cation and the torsional angular change in crown molecule; that is, all three components contribute to the emergence of this phase transition. This result suggests that 1 could be conceived as a potential switchable dielectric and NLO material, which provides an effective approach to design novel NLO switch materials.