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A marker-assisted backcrossing program initiated to transfer leaf rust resistance gene LrTrk from Triticum turgidum cv. Trinakria to hexaploid wheat variety HD2932 cotransferred a stripe rust resistance gene, YrTrk, along with LrTrk. The cross of hexaploid recurrent parent HD2932 with tetraploid donor parent Trinakria produced pentaploid F1 plants. F1s were backcrossed with recurrent parent HD2932 to produce BC1F1 generation. Foreground and background selection was conducted in each backcross generation to identify plants for backcrossing or selfing. While foreground selection for LrTrk was carried out with linked and validated molecular marker Xgwm234, for background selection, 86 polymorphic SSR markers from the A and B genomes were used. Single selected plants from BC1F1 and BC2F1 generations backcrossed and selfed to produce BC2F1and BC2F2 generations, respectively. Background selection resulted in 83.72%, 91.86%, and 98.25% of RPG recovery in BC1F1, BC2F1, and BC2F2 generations, respectively. A total of 27 plants with LrTrk in homozygous state were identified in BC2F2 generation and selfed to produce 27 BC2F3 NILs. All the NILs were tested for leaf and stripe rust resistance at the seedling stage using seven Puccinia triticina and one Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici rust pathotypes. All the 27 NILs were found to be resistant to both leaf and stripe rust pathotypes. So, these NILs are designated to carry leaf and stripe rust resistance genes LrTrk/YrTrk.

Introduction: Various chemical agents such as nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs and antimicrobial agents has gained popularity in treatment of periodontal disease but simultaneously lead to condition such as drug resistance and drug allergy. Hence , the topical application of herbal agents such as propolis, aloevera, green tea extracts, Neem reduces the potency and effectiveness to prevent progression of periodontal disease. NanoBioFusion(NBF)gel contains the natural antioxidant power of propolis,vit C,vit E which allows the ultrafine antioxidant to surpase the moist intraoral environment to enter the cells and rejuvenate,revitalize,support,protect and optimize gum and soft oral tissue.Hence the present study is aimed to evaluate the clinical effect of locally delivered NBF gel as an adjunctive therapy to scaling and polishing in the treatment of Periodontitis. Materials and Methods: Chronic Periodontitis patients with 40 sites and probing pocket depth (PD) between 5 and 7 mm were selected in a randomized controlled clinical trial. SRP was performed in both control and test group followed by NBF gel application in 40 sites. The plaque index, gingival index and probing Pocket depth,were recorded at baseline, 6 weeks, and 3 months.The statistical analysis with paired t‑test was used to compare the test and control sites. Results: From baseline to a period of 3 months, a statistically significant difference was seen between both groups for Pocket probing depth and from baseline to 6 weeks the mean GI and PI score have a statistically significant result was obtained(P=0.01& 0.00). Conclusions: Locally delivered NBF gel exhibited a significant improvement compared with SRP alone in chronic periodontitis.

Introduction: Gingival pigmentation which is caused by deposition of melanin pigment is a major esthetic concern for many people. A case is reported in which an evaluation of 4 popular depigmentation procedures carried . Methodology: Patients associated with gingival hyperpigmentation in 4 quadrants based on Dummetts scoring criteria were included. Healing and recurrence were assessed following depigmentation carried out by scalpel, bur, electrosurgery and laser. The outcome of procedures were assessed at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months. Results: Healing following Scalpel and laser were better than bur and electro surgery. Post-operative pain was less with the use of scalpel and laser. Discussion: In this case report, it was found that the time taken to carry out all the 4 procedures were nearly the same. Both scalpel surgery and laser led to uneventful healing and minimal post-operative pain when compared to abrasion by burs and electro surgery in the immediate post-surgical period of 1 week to 1 month. Conclusions: Better treatment outcomes were observed with the scalpel and laser techniques.