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The cloud computing is the architecture in which no central controller is present due to which various breaches occurred in the network. To secure data transmission from source to destination two type of encryption schemes i.e: fully homomorphism and fully disk encryption are introduced. The fully homomorhic encryption scheme is more security and light as compared to fully disk encryption. In the paper, improvement in the fully homomorphic encryption is proposed using elliptic curve cryptography and OTP generation.

Brock’s syndrome or middle lobe syndrome (MLS) is chronic or recurrent collapse of right middle lobe due to causes which may be obstructive or non obstructive. The pathogenesis is not completely understood. An expert committee of the world health organization defined cor pulmonale as hypertrophy of the right ventricle resulting from diseases affecting the function and/or structure of the lungs.” Cor pulmonale is a common heart disease and a leading cause of disability and death. We are reporting this association in a 65y old female who presented to the emergency with acute exacerbation of COPD with SpO2=64% room air. Chest X-ray and HRCT thorax showed features suggesting MLS and ECG shows features suggesting P pulmonale /right atrial enlargement. BNP too was elevated. Patient was resuscitated and put on mechanical ventilation after ABG showed respiratory acidosis. Appropriate treatment with bronchodilators and antibiotics was given.

Excessive energy use has caused a disturbance in the planet’s life support system. It has created an adverse impact on water and natural resources. Power generation from solid waste can be an alternative to reduce waste volume and has an extra advantage in cleaning the surround-ing with the gain of electric power supply. Innovative technologies and future perspectives of MSWI were highlighted. Moreover, the latest understanding of immobilization mecha-nisms and advanced characterization technologies were elaborated to foster the future design of treatment technologies and the actualization of sustainable management for MSWI. Solid waste to energy conversion provides economic and atmospheric benefits by introducing re-newableenergy sources at minimum environmental influences.This analysis has focused on MSW to energy conversion system by incineration technique to generate electricity along with other bi-product and determines the system’s financial feasibility. The experiment has been conducted to calculate the physio-chemical characteristics of municipal waste with a bomb calorimeter and incinerator for electricity generation. Solid waste characteristics like chemical exergy, entropy, higher heating point, energy flux, and potential have been analyzed for the in-cineration technique’s viability.The thermal properties have been analytically described in the experiment. The result shows that MSW has a higher calorific value of 8.5-12.5 Mega Joule/kg, and charcoal has a higher calorific value of 27-32 Megajoule/kg.It also analyses that one-ton MSW can produce 600 kWh electricity with 360 gm CO2-eq/kWh generation.

The massive open online course (MOOC) and online learning concepts have received a lot of attention from educational stakeholders all around the world as a result of COVID-19. Initial studies demonstrated that people may use MOOCs as a tool for academic and professional advancement. This micro-study was conducted at two adjacent national higher educational institutions (HEIs) in India as case study sites (CSS) to learn more about the attitude of the students and faculties there. The research strategy used for the study was a mixed-method approach. To collect data, a tool that was created by the researchers was used. There was a type of atypical relationship between the institutions and the professionals. Comparing CSS2 students and CSS1 teachers to their peers from other institutions, it was discovered that they both displayed more optimistic attitude. The attitude of all four groups were discovered to be favorable. The study served as an example of some educational ramifications in the neighborhoods. Received: 9 June 2022Accepted: 15 April 2023

The objective of this in-vitro study is evaluation of remineralization potential of three remineralization agents- Tricalcium phosphate flouride(TCP-F), Calcium sucrose phosphate(CaSP), Casein phosphopeptide- amorphous calcium phosphate(CPP-ACP) in artificial enamel lesion using laser fluorescence based DIAGNOdent(KaVo). 30 single rooted premolars were selected. Samples were randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 samples each. Baseline values were recorded before any intervention. A 4mmx4mm window was prepared on the buccal surface which was then subjected to demineralization for 96 hr at 37°C. DIAGNOdent values were recorded after demineralization. Remineralization was done using Group I TCP-F, Group II CaSP, Group III CPP-ACP remineralizing agents. The samples were subjected to DIAGNOdent analysis after 72hrs, 7days, 14 days. The data was analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Post Hoc test. All three groups showed significant difference in DIAGNOdent values at baseline, post demineralization and post remineralization. TCP-F group showed maximum remineralization followed by CaSP and CPP-ACP groups. DIAGNOdent is a reliable non-invasive caries detecting device to measure early demineralization. TCP-F, CaSP, CPP-ACP are proven to possess remineralization properties.

Nutrition has been recognized as an important factor in health and disease for many years. However, it is only recently that the importance of nutrition in patients with chronic lung disease has come into focus. There has been a profound link between nutrition and lung health. Malnutrition could lead to poor lung development. Various diet such as Mediterranean diet, prudent diet, etc. have reported their protective effect against respiratory diseases while westernized dietary patterns and fast-food intake could cause poor lung health. Fruits and vegetables constituting various vitamins and minerals provide antioxidant shield to the lungs. Apart from this, one leading nutrient omega-3 fatty acids primarily found in sea food is emerging to have beneficial role for the lung’s wellbeing. Its anti-inflammatory property helps to combat respiratory diseases such as asthma, cystic fibrosis and COPD. Even in the chronic conditions such as lung cancer it works as an important constituent of nutritional therapy. It also impairs immune responses against various infections and strengthen lungs. To our surprise it has also proven positive effects over smoking cessation also. However, more research is certainly needed to identify the chief role of nutrients involved in managing respiratory diseases and their implications in practicality.

Background: Cholecystitis is a generally widespread problem in adult population. Multiple finding has been found in gross and microscopic examination of gallbladder. Existence of stones is one of the known causative factors that lead to histopathological changes in gallbladder. It is also responsible for the development of gallbladder carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to find out the histopathology of gall bladder specimens following surgical intervention. Methods: This observational study included 116 patients admitted in the department of general surgery, PMCH, Patna with acute or chronic cholecystitis from August 2018 to July 2019. Written and informed consent was taken from all the participants. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 116 gallbladder specimens that presented for histopathological examination during the study period were included into the study, with male to female ratio of 1:3. The highest prevalence was found in the age group of 31-50 years. The results of histopathological examination of these gallbladder specimens showed that chronic cholecystitis was found in 93 (80.1%), acute cholecystitis in 17 (14.6%), and dysplasia was found in 5 (4.3%) patients, and gall bladder carcinoma was detected in 1 (0.8%) patients. On morphological analysis, the commonest gall stones were made up of cholesterol and the most common lesion was chronic cholecystitis by histopathology. Conclusions: This study concludes that the chronic calculus cholecystitis was dominant in our population. It is assumed that routine histopathological examination following cholecystectomies essential for all gallbladder specimens even in the non-existence of macroscopic signs of carcinoma, which was the case in our patients.

To address the high rate of false alarms, this article proposed a voting-based method to efficiently predict intrusions in real time. To carry out this study, an intrusion detection dataset from UNSW was downloaded and preprocessed before being used. Given the number of features at hand and the large size of the dataset, performance was poor while accuracy was low. This low prediction accuracy led to the generation of false alerts, consequently, legitimate alerts used to pass without an action assuming them as false. To deal with large size and false alarms, the proposed voting-based feature reduction approach proved to be highly beneficial in reducing the dataset size by selecting only the features secured majority votes. Outcome collected prior to and following the application of the proposed model were compared. The findings reveal that the proposed approach required less time to predict, at the same time predicted accuracy was higher. The proposed approach will be extremely effective at detecting intrusions in real-time environments and mitigating the cyber-attacks.

Background and purpose: The craniovertebral junction area refers to the osseous structures consisting of the occipital bone that surrounds the foramen magnum, the atlas, and the axis vertebrae. There is sparse literature about the morphometric measurement of craniovertebral junction region. We aimed to derive a range of various measurements in craniovertebral junction area. Materials and methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed at the Department of Radiology and Imaging, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, Nepal. Data were collected over the period of January to April 2021 with total of 153 patients who underwent CT scan of C- spine, Neck and Carotid angiography without having any pathological findings related to craniocervical junction. The measurement was done at mid sagittal section in MPR. Various parameters like patient’s age, gender, Basion-Axial interval (BAI), Dens Height (DH), Basion Dens interval (BDI), Right and Left Atlanto-axial interval (RLAOI), Anterior and Posterior Atlantodental interval (A\PADI), Power Ratio (PR), McRae line (MR), Redlund-Jonhel Distance (RLD) and modified Ranawat line (mRWD) were measured. Results: Among 153 patients studied, 87 [57.9%] of them were males while 66 [43.1%] were females. Mean age was 48.61±18.690 years with range from 18 to 92 years. The measurement of craniocervical junction in computed tomography revealed the mean BAI of 0.561±0.226 cm, DH of 3.477±0.263 cm, BDI of 0.474±0.167 cm and RAOI of 0.139±0.233 cm. Similarly, the mean LAOI was 0.139±0.238 cm, mean AADI was 0.149±0.422 cm, and PADI was 1.767±0.194 cm. The mean PR was 0.699±0.083 cm. While measuring the distance from the tip of the odontoid to McRae’s line, mean was 0.412±0.161cm. Mean Redlund Johnell distance was calculated to be 3.484±0.438 cm and mRWD was measured to be 2.688±0.215 cm. Conclusion: Normal morphometric measurements of craniovertebral junction can be useful for evaluating abnormalities of the craniovertebral junction which can potentially improve the diagnostic criteria of most abnormalities. Key words: CT Scan, Craniocervical junction (CVJ), Distance

Ayurveda is science of life that aims at maintaining normal health of an individual along with treatment of various disorders. Appropriate Aahara (dietary habits) and Vihara (lifestyle) plays a vital role in maintaining normal health and also in treatment of various disorders along with the use of medication. In today’s era with rapid economic development there is an increase in irregular and inappropriate dietary habits and lifestyle, which are major reason for increase in a sedentary lifestyle and disturbed digestion (due to Mandagni) leading to occurrence of Gudagata Rogas (anorectal disorders) like Bhagandara (Fistula-in-ano), Arsha (haemorrhoids), Parikartika (fissure-in-ano), Guda Kandu (pruritis ani) etc. There disorders reoccur after sometime even after surgical intervention due to inappropriate Aahara (dietary habits) and Vihara (daily routine) of patients, so it’s very important to educate patients regarding Aahara and Vihara. In this article an effort is made to highlight a disciplined protocol in view of ancient Acharyas regarding appropriate Aahara and Vihara for a disease-free society.

The rapid growth in popularity of online social networks provides new opportunities in computer science, sociology, math, information studies, biology, business, and more. Social network analysis (SNA) is a paramount technique supporting understanding social relationships and networks. Accordingly, certain studies and reviews have been presented focusing on information dissemination, influence analysis, link prediction, and more. However, the ultimate aim is for social network background knowledge and analysis to solve real-world social network problems. SNA still has several research challenges in this context, including users’ privacy in online social networks. Inspired by these facts, we have presented a survey on social network analysis techniques, visualization, structure, privacy, and applications. This detailed study has started with the basics of network representation, structure, and measures. Our primary focus is on SNA applications with state-of-the-art techniques. We further provide a comparative analysis of recent developments on SNA problems in the sequel. The privacy preservation with SNA is also surveyed. In the end, research challenges and future directions are discussed to suggest to researchers a starting point for their research.

The population increases demand for plastic in every sector along with single-use plastic rapidly increasing, but it still has a low recycling rate. The use of plastic in the form of brick is challenging and overall has a better impact on the ecosystem, economy, and industrial revolution. In this paper, a study has been done of the available research work on plastic bricks from different plastic waste materials. It discusses the processes used to make bricks from plastic waste materials, the possibility of contamination from the waste materials utilized, the lack of pertinent standards, and the public adoption of waste materials-based bricks. Furthermore, it focused on research and development required for the widespread production and use of bricks made from waste materials, not only in terms of technical, economic, and environmental considerations but also in terms of standardization, governmental policy, and public awareness of waste recycling and sustainable development. It has been observed from the study that PET has mostly recycled plastic with greater efficiency compared to other plastics. However, worldwide global production is followed by PE, PVC, and PP. PET has only 5% contribution to the global recycling of plastics.

In this paper, we study translation surfaces generated by spherical indicatrices of timelike curves in Minkowski 3-space and find necessary and sufficient conditions for the translation surfaces to be flat or minimal. Further, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for generating curves of the translation surfaces to be geodesic, asymptotic line and line of curvature. Finally for such translation surfaces we obtain the axis when they are constant angle surfaces.

The research was aimed Evaluation of Anti-depressant Activity on Bryophyllum Pinnatum Leaves. Levels of these monoamines in the brain either by inhibiting monoamine oxidase or by inhibiting reuptake of these neurotransmitters might be successful in the treatment of depression that has been classified and treated in a verity of ways. The result of our preliminary phytochemistry shows that ethanol leaf extract of Bryophyllum Pinnatum contained alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, carbohydrate and terpenoids. Glycoside, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids were detected in the ethanolic fraction phytochemical components especially alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, carbohydrate have been reported to have antidepressant activity. In the present study, the antidepressant activity of aqueous extract of whole plant of Bryophyllum pinnatum were studied in two classical models for screening animal models for depression the forced swim test and tail suspension test.

The eyes play an important role in determining a person's facial profile. It causes distress to the patient when his or her eyes are lost. In order to enhance self-esteem and social acceptance, eye prosthesis restores the appearance of the face. There are various materials and techniques used in the fabrication of an ocular prosthesis. Among the advantages of custom ocular prostheses over stock eye prostheses are better eyelid movements, even pressure distribution, which reduces trauma to the tissues, and improved fit, comfort, and aesthetics. An ocular prosthesis can be customized to appear more natural by customizing the size, shape, and color of the iris, pupil, and sclera. This article illustrates the rehabilitation of eyes using custom-made eye cells.

Background: Serum procalcitonin (PCT) is already known predictive marker in serious bacterial infection and it is emphasized that these biomarkers can be used as a marker of increased mortality in critically ill patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the serial PCT level and find out whether these biomarkers can be used to predict mortality. Methods: This was a prospective observational study. Primary objective was to study the serum PCT as a prognostic marker in critically ill children (2 months to 12 years) admitted in PICU while secondary objective was to find out the association of level of serum procalcitonin with different organ system disease involvement and to compare the results of the serum procalcitonin with the PRISM-3 score in diagnosing the severity of illness in the patient. Patient outcome was assessed at hospital discharge, and the patients were divided into non-survivors and survivors. A p value of

Children nutritional status is a powerful indicator of nutrition security and well-being of individual and reflects the nutritional and poverty situation of household. Good nutritional status of children under five years of age is very crucial for the foundation of a healthy life. This study is a small attempt to highlight the extent of malnutrition in rural areas of Jammu district on the basis of households’ economic status. It empirically investigates the relationship between income inequality and nutritional status of children under age of five years of age (stunting) in the rural areas of Jammu district of Jammu and Kashmir. To determine the prevalence of undernutrition among different income groups of rural households, the study uses the data of a primary household survey. In order to measure the level of undernutrition (stunting), gender-specific anthropometric z-scores for height-for-age are calculated by using new child growth standards which are developed by the World Health Organisation (WHO). The study finds that children from households in the poorest quintile have significantly higher odds of stunting compared to those in the highest income quintile. The study revealed a negative association between income and the prevalence of stunting in the study area. It means the proportion of stunted children under five years of age decreases as the level of income increases among rural households. The study suggests that the government can help improve the nutritional status of children by taking important policy initiatives that addresses income inequality and poverty in rural areas.

Hypothyroidism is one of the most widespread endocrine disorders in most patients with daily OPD. In Ayurveda, it often has to do with the actions of "AGNI". Material and Method: A 30-year-old female patient has been experiencing weakness, dizziness, decreased sleep, head weight, dry skin, hair loss, and constipation for the past three years, and over the past two to three months, all symptoms have become more severe. The patient has used levothyroxine for two years to normalise their thyroid profile. We administered her 50 ml Kanchnar twak kwath with 1 gm Shunthi churna and Nimb tail nasya 2 drops in each nostril for 15 days and 2 follow-up at 15 days intervals after 1.5 months of levothyroxine washout. Repeat the thyroid profile in 1.5 months. Most of the patient's illness symptoms were relieved by Ayurvedic treatment, and her TSH level dropped from 18.65 to 6.92. Observation and Result: The patient's symptoms significantly improved. Following treatment, weakness diminished, fainting was gone, and hair loss was stopped. The patient could do her task without trouble by employing Nimb tail nasya and Kanchnar twak kwath with Shunthi churna. Discussion and Conclusion: Kanchnar: It is kashaya in the rasa, laghu ruksha in the guna, Kapha-Pitta shamaka, and gandamalanaashan in the prabhava. Shunthi has qualities such as katu rasa, laghu snigdh guna and Kapha Vata shaamak. Nasya karma is a distinctive panchakarma procedure in which the medication is injected into the nose and travels up to the shringataka, spreading throughout the entire head interior.

Chandrodaya varti is a herbomineral compound indicated for ophthalmic diseases. Its ingredients consist of specific properties so that they can be used in managing Garbhasya grivagata vrana (Cervical Erosion). Chandrodaya Varti constitutes 9 ingredients, of which 6 are herbal drugs, 1 mineral, 1 sea and 1 animal origin. The pharmacognostic and analytical study revealed the specific characteristics of all active constituents used in preparation. The present work was carried out to standardize the finished product of Chandrodaya varti to confirm its identity, quality and purity. The presence of oil globules, starch grains, stone cells, macro sclereids stone cells, rhizome and prismatic crystal were the microscopic features of the powder of the prepared drug. Physiochemical analysis of Chandrodaya varti showed a loss on drying value of 8.9%, a water-soluble extractive value of 36.1%, alcohol soluble extractive of 26.9%, total ash of 10.9%, acid insoluble ash of 10.8%, pH 5.85 and the physicochemical analysis of Chandrodaya varti ash showed the loss on drying 0.01%, water-soluble extractive 34.4%, alcohol soluble extractive 9.8% and pH 13.37. HPTLC of Chandrodaya varti is the preliminary quantitative analysis which shows 11 spots at Rf value 0.11, 0.15, 0.21, 0.28, 0.31, 0.38, 0.47, 0.54, 0.62, 0.68, 0.79 in UV 254 nm and 11 spots at Rf value 0.15, 0.21, 0.31, 0.38, 0.42, 0.50, 0.54, 0.62, 0.79, 0.82, 0.89 in UV 366 nm and 7 spots at Rf value 0.15, 0.31, 0.42, 0.50, 0.54, 0.62, 0.79 in UV 540 nm.

The purpose of this paper is to propose an algorithm for finding a common element of the set of fixed points of relatively nonexpansive mapping and the set of solutions of split inclusion problem with a way of selecting the stepsize without prior knowledge of the operator norm in the framework of Banach spaces. Then, the main result is used to the common fixed point problems of a family of relatively nonexpansive mappings and split equilibrium problem. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the main result.

Background: Surgery for perforation peritonitis is associated with the highest rates of infective complications, especially surgical site infection. SSI occurs due to failure of obliteration of dead space during abdominal wound closure resulting in formation of hematoma and seroma collection in the surgical wound viz. abdominal wound in cases of perforation peritonitis. This acts as a good culture medium for bacterial organisms to grow and cause wound infection. The bacterial pathogens can be either from intra-abdominal sepsis or nosocomial in origin. Closed suction drains can be used effectively to eliminate dead space in the wound and evacuates the seroma or hematoma collection, thereby reducing chances of SSI and also helps in early detection of SSI by inspecting the nature of drain output. Aim was to evaluate the role of closed suction drains in prevention of SSI in cases of perforation peritonitis. Methods: Comparative study of 60 cases of perforation peritonitis divided into two equal groups (Group A patient with closed suction drain in subcutaneous space vs. Group B patient without closed suction drain). Outcomes of SSI were compared. Results: The incidence of SSI in Group A was 33% whereas in Group B was 70%. 40% cases in SSI in Group A whereas 76% cases of SSI in Group B developed wound dehiscence. Most cases of SSI was diagnosed on POD 2 for Group A and on POD 4 for Group B. Conclusions: The study supports use of closed suction drain in perforation peritonitis for prevention, early detection and appropriate management of SSI.

Big data has, as of late been perceived as one of the most significant domains of upcoming innovation. It has been fascinated numerous enterprises, since it can possibly explore organizations with high market worth. The paper investigates the types of market worth that organizations can make from big data analytics (BDA), the immediate effects it has on the economical performance of an industry, and the impacts of retail performance and consumer loyalty. According to the hypothesis upon resource-based view, investigation exhibits that the market value accomplished from interests in BDA prompts the interest as far as the economical performance (EP) of an industry. The survey is composed of two segments. The first segment, which was replied by all the industries, estimated the nearness or absence of BDA arrangements. We segregated the replies to this segment, and if the responders acknowledged certifiably, they were then approached to involve in the next segment of the poll. Out of the 300 finished questionnaires, 146 of the surveys were discovered appropriate to analyze our model, when our segregating questions in the first segment of the survey had been executed. The outcomes offer proof of the presence of a consumer loyalty (CL) intervention impact and of the absence of a retail performance (RP) impact. Hypothetical and pragmatic ramifications are conferred towards the last part of paper. BDA arrangements should be designed comprehensively to produce operational, organizational, structural and informational value. The outcomes of this research will assist in improving logical information at the junction of innovation and the board sciences. This study has some limitations that open up interesting opportunities for future research. First, this study has had a cross-sectional research design, in which all the measurement items were collected at the same point of time. A longitudinal study could extend this research by capturing the dynamics of the business value of big data analytics arrangements on different industry performances. Second, this research has employed one data collection method. Objective data from multiple sources could be used to further verify the proposed research model. This study has extended relevant theories in big data analytics arrangements by framing, in an original combination, four dimensions of the market worth of big data analytics arrangements on one outcome construct, that is, economical performance and the mediation variable of consumer loyalty.

This provides the basic information necessary to create functional soil classification schemes and assess soil fertility in order to unravel some unique soil problems in an ecosystem. Mirzapur district is situated in the southern part of Uttar Pradesh and is located between 25.8° N to 25.15° N latitude and 82.34° E to 82.58° E longitude covering an area of 4952.5 km2. The soils of the study region comprised of alluvial soil representing Entisol and soils which are formed on granitic parent material representing Alfisols. The coupling of soil characterization, soil classification and soil mapping provides a powerful resource for the benefit of mankind especially in the area of food security and environmental sustainability. Among the cationic micronutrients, Zn content varied between 1-3 ppm in the Mirzapur soil profile. Copper content varied between 1-7 ppm in Jamalpur, 1-4 ppm in Narayanpur. The available Cu content is categorized as sufficient if it is > 0.2 ppm. Available iron content varied between 2-40 ppm in Jamalpur soil profile and 8-63 ppm in the Narayanpur soil profile. Available Mn content varied between 2-40 ppm in Jamalpur, 5-18 ppm in Narayanpur. Soils are generally categorized as having enough manganese in the DTPA extractable Mn content is > 0.2 ppm. Hence all soils of Jamalpur and Narayanpur had sufficient available soil manganese.

Three-dimensional numerical analysis is presented in this study to assess the transient and stability behaviour of supercritical CO2 (sCO2) based NCLs configured with three different types of heat sources, i.e., heater, a hot heat exchanger (HHX) and isothermal wall (ISO) at the source, and a cold heat exchanger (CHX) at the sink in all three NCLs. Unsteady threedimensional conservation equations (mass, momentum and energy equations) are solved to assess the transient and stability behaviour of sCO2 mass flow rate, temperature and velocity as a function of time. Further, the effect of pressure on sCO2 mass flow rate is also assessed to compare the loops performance. Performance of the loop has been studied for various heat inputs at the source by keeping constant mass flow rate and temperature at the sink. It is observed that for any boundary condition at the source, the loop experiences some initial disturbances or instabilities before reaching the steady-state. However, the time needed to attain a steady-state varies with the nature of heat input employed at the source. Results show a higher magnitude of instabilities in the Heater-CHX loop than HHX-CHX and ISO-CHX loops, and these instabilities mitigate at a faster rate in the ISO- CHX loop at all levels of heat input and operating pressure of the loop. It is also observed that as loop fluid operating pressure increases, the instability of the system decreases and the loop fluid mass flow rate increases. Further, the Nusselt number in the Heater-CHX loop is more than other loops because of its high turbulent kinetic energy. The findings of this study are validated with the published experimental and numerical data and found a good agreement.

Background: Mechanical bowel preparation for colorectal surgeries is thought to clear the bowel lumen of stool, thus decreasing intraluminal pressure of hard, potentially impacting stool and reduce ischemia at the new anastomosis. This reduces the dreaded complication of organ space surgical site infection (SSI) that leads to anastomotic leak which is most commonly seen in colorectal surgeries. Oral antibiotic preparation is thought to reduce the bacterial concentration of colonic mucosa which is thought to further bring down the incidence of organ space SSI in colorectal surgery. Aim of this study was to evaluate the role of oral antibiotics given preoperatively as an adjunct to mechanical bowel preparation and intravenous antibiotics, in reducing SSI in colorectal surgeries. Methods: Comparative study of 60 cases of colorectal surgery divided into two equal groups (group A-patients who received oral antibiotic preparations (OABP) with mechanical bowel preparations (MBPs) and ivAb preoperatively (oral antibiotic preparation and mechanical bowel preparation +intravenous antibiotic) versus group B-patients who only received MBP and ivAb preoperatively. Outcomes of SSI results were compared. Results: Incidence of SSI in group A was 16% whereas it was 40% in group B. Incidence of anastomotic leak in group A was 3.3% and in group B was 13.3%. E. coli was found in the pus culture of 60% cases of SSI in study groups whereas S. aureus was found to be the causative organism in rest of the cases that developed SSI. Conclusions: The study supports the use of OABP as an adjunct to MBP and ivAb preoperatively in colorectal surgery for the prevention of SSI and its related complications.

To evaluate the occurrence and intensity of post-operative pain & number of analgesic tablets intake after single visit endodontic treatment using three different Bioceramic sealers. 45 single rooted teeth diagnosed with asymptomatic irreversible pulpits requiring endodontic treatment were randomly assigned to three groups (n=15) according to sealer used during obturation. To avoid bias in post-operative pain perception, each sealer is evaluated in three different single rooted teeth of the same patient. The different groups are Group 1-MTA-Fillapex, Group –II Ceraseal RCS, Group-III BioRoot RCS. Single visit Endodontic treatment was performed and teeth were obturated using cold lateral compaction and different root canal sealers with no radiographic material extrusion beyond the apex. Severity of post obturation pain was assessed by Visual Analog Scale (VAS) with score ranging from 0 to 10 at 6hrs, 12hrs, 24hrs and 48hrs intervals. The need for analgesic (Tab. Aceclofenac 100 mg) intake was also recorded. Differences in incidence of postoperative pain were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test followed by Mann Whitneys Post Hoc to compare the mean VAS score & number of analgesics taken between three groups at different time intervals (p MTA Fillapex shows statistically significant difference in mean VAS score (more pain) at 6hrs, 12hrs (p value < 0.001) & at 24hrs (p The teeth of the patients where MTA Fillapex sealer was used as a sealer in the obturation showed significantly more pain at 6hrs & 12hrs and needed to take more analgesics than teeth obturated with other two sealers. This probably could be due to leaching out of resin constituents from MTA Fillapex.

The goal of Computer aided device start from the physical description of integrated circuit devices, considering both the physical configuration and related device properties and build the link between the broad range of physics and electrical behavior models that support circuit design. Physics-based modeling of devices, is distributed and lumped form is an essential part of the IC process development. It seeks to quantify the underlying understanding of the technology and abstract that knowledge to the device design level, including extraction of the key parameters that support circuit design and statistical metrology [1][2]. IC development for more than a quarter-century has been dominated by the MOS technology. In the 1970s and 1980s NMOS was favored owing to speed and area advantages, coupled with technology limitations and concerns related to isolation, parasitic effects and process complexity. During that era of NMOS-dominated LSI and the emergence of VLSI, the fundamental scaling laws of MOS technology were codified and broadly applied [3]. It was also during this period that Computer Aided Device reached maturity in terms of realizing robust process modeling (primarily one-dimensional) which then became an integral technology design tool, used universally across the industry [4]. At the same time device simulation, dominantly two-dimensional owing to the nature of MOS devices, became the work-horse of technologists in the design and scaling of devices [5]. The transition from NMOS to CMOS technology resulted in the necessity of tightly coupled and fully 2D simulators for process and device simulations [6][7].

Progress and safety both are necessary to empower women in every sector. From working for an organization till purchasing any essential item, women need to travel alone many times. We cannot deny the fact that everyday newspaper is overloaded with cases of harassment, rape, sexual assault and so on. Now-a-days smartphone is used by almost everyone. So, an android based application can be utilized effectively to provide safety and security to our daughter, wife, mother and, sister. It must guide the women about the current location and during emergency provide necessary help to her.