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Скармливание коровам в период раздоя синтетического полиоктилированного полисиликатного гидрогеля (ПОПСГ) в количестве 100 г на 1 голову в сутки способствовало повышению среднесуточного удоя натуральной и базисной жирности молока на 7,74 и 16,0%, соответственно, и снижению затрат обменной энергии, сухого вещества, сырого протеина, концентратов на 1 кг молока базисной жирности на 13,0—13,6% по сравнению с аналогами из контрольной группы. Использование ПОПСГ способствовало снижению количества соматических клеток в молоке коров на 27,2% и повышению жира и белка на 0,28 и 0,07% по сравнению с контролем. Бактерицидная и лизоцимная активность крови новотельных коров контрольной и опытной групп в конце опыта были практически на одном уровне и составили, соответственно, 68,59 и 67,03% и 0,31 и 0,30 мкг/мл. Показатель фагоцитарной активности крови у животных опытной группы равнялся 51,57%, что было выше контроля, соответственно, на 4,78%. Отмечено положительное влияние ПОПСГ на рубцовое пищеварение высокопродуктивных коров. Амилолитическая активность рубцовой микрофлоры в опытной группе животных была выше на 0,47 Е/мл. Общее количество бактерий и инфузорий в рубцовом содержимом подопытных коров находилось на одном уровне и составило в среднем 191,00—214,50 и 165,00—183,67 мг/100 мл рубцового содержимого, соответственно. Дополнительная прибыль от реализации молока коров опытной группы за период опыта равнялась 3258,72 руб. на 1 голову по отношению к контролю.Feeding cows in period of milking synthetic polyoxyling polysilicate hydrogel (SPPH) in the amount of 100 g per 1 head per day contributed to increasing the average daily milk yield natural and basis milk fat by 7.74 and 16.0%, respectively, and cost reduction of metabolizable energy, dry matter, crude protein, concentrates of 1 kg of milk basis of fat content is 13.0 to 13.6% in comparison with analogues from control group. The use of SPPH contributed to a decrease in the number of somatic cells in cow milk by 27.2% and an increase in fat and protein by 0.28 and 0.07% compared with the control. Bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood of cows of the control and experimental groups at the end of the experiment were almost at the same level and amounted, respectively, 68.59 and 67.03% and 0.31 and 0.30 µg / ml. The indicator of blood phagocytic activity in animals of the experimental group was 51.57%, which was higher than the control, respectively, by 4.78%. The positive influence of SPPH on cicatricial digestion of highly productive cows. Amylolytic activity of the rumen microflora in the experimental group of animals was higher by 0.47 U/ml Total number of bacterias and protozoans in scar contents of the experimental cows was on the same level and amounted to an average of 191.00—214,50 and of 165.00—183,67 mg/100 ml scar content, respectively. Additional profit from the sale of milk of cows of the experimental group over the period of experiment was equal to 3258,72 RUB on the head relative to the control.

Nature Communications 5: Article number: 3562 (2014); Published 15 April 2014; Updated 21 March 2017 This Article is retracted by the authors. Nature Communications previously issued an Editorial Expression of Concern (http://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms13310) related to this Article, following the publication of a report commissioned by The Karolinska Institute and prepared by the Expert Group for Misconduct in Research at the Swedish Central Ethical Review Board.

Editorial Expression of Concern: Experimental orthotopic transplantation of a tissue-engineered oesophagus in rats

A tissue-engineered oesophageal scaffold could be very useful for the treatment of pediatric and adult patients with benign or malignant diseases such as carcinomas, trauma or congenital malformations. Here we decellularize rat oesophagi inside a perfusion bioreactor to create biocompatible biological rat scaffolds that mimic native architecture, resist mechanical stress and induce angiogenesis. Seeded allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells spontaneously differentiate (proven by gene-, protein and functional evaluations) into epithelial- and muscle-like cells. The reseeded scaffolds are used to orthotopically replace the entire cervical oesophagus in immunocompetent rats. All animals survive the 14-day study period, with patent and functional grafts, and gain significantly more weight than sham-operated animals. Explanted grafts show regeneration of all the major cell and tissue components of the oesophagus including functional epithelium, muscle fibres, nerves and vasculature. We consider the presented tissue-engineered oesophageal scaffolds a significant step towards the clinical application of bioengineered oesophagi., Patients with oesophageal diseases may require surgical removal and replacement of the oesophagus. Here the authors seed mesenchymal stromal cells on a decellularized rat oesophagus and show that this bioengineered tissue construct restores swallowing function after transplantation into rats.

Aortic valve degeneration and dysfunction is one of the leading causes for morbidity and mortality. The conventional heart-valve prostheses have significant limitations with either life-long anticoagulation therapeutic associated bleeding complications (mechanical valves) or limited durability (biological valves). Tissue engineered valve replacement recently showed encouraging results, but the unpredictable outcome of tissue degeneration is likely associated to the extensive tissue processing methods. We believe that optimized decellularization procedures may provide aortic valve/root grafts improved durability. We present an improved/innovative decellularization approach using a detergent-enzymatic perfusion method, which is both quicker and has less exposure of matrix degenerating detergents, compared to previous protocols. The obtained graft was characterized for its architecture, extracellular matrix proteins, mechanical and immunological properties. We further analyzed the engineered aortic root for biocompatibility by cell adhesion and viability in vitro and heterotopic implantation in vivo. The developed decellularization protocol was substantially reduced in processing time whilst maintaining tissue integrity. Furthermore, the decellularized aortic root remained bioactive without eliciting any adverse immunological reaction. Cell adhesion and viability demonstrated the scaffold's biocompatibility. Our optimized decellularization protocol may be useful to develop the next generation of clinical valve prosthesis with a focus on improved mechanical properties and durability.