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Our systematic review is an extensive literature review of human clinical studies conducted during the period 2013-2023, each of which investigate current and/or newly identified biomarkers as predictors and/or detectors of cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) in patients treated with cardiotoxic breast cancer therapy. The current state of the art in the management of cardiotoxicity involves the use of traditional biomarkers, which however hold certain limitations in the ability to predict and/or detect CTRCD at the early stages prior to permanent, irreversible cardiac failure. Our systematic review significantly adds on the existing knowledge around current and/or newly investigated biomarkers that have the potential to identify patients susceptible to CTRCD during and/or prior to initiation of cancer therapy. This study could inform ongoing and/or future clinical studies on promising biomarkers currently available for validation hence expanding the panel of biomarkers for assessing CTRCD in breast cancer patients. This will allow the prompt and accurate risk stratification of patients that are at higher risk to develop CTRCD contributing to improved patient’s overall survival and quality of life and ultimately to reduced healthcare costs.