Search

Ferns and lycophytes are plants with great diversity in tropical and subtropical regions, mainly in rain forests. In Brazil, the biome with the largest number of ferns and lycophytes species is the Atlantic Forest. However, studies on the distribution patterns of these species throughout the biome few and specific some regions. To reduce this knowledge gap, our work investigated the key areas of richness and endemism for species of ferns and lycophytes occurring in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and assesses the effectiveness of protected areas for protecting this biodiversity. We registered 939 species, distributed among 39 families and 140 genera. We established four regions (centres) with a high number of species designated as: Bahia, Espinhaco/Caparao, Serras do Mar/Mantiqueira and Southern centres. For endemism, we identified six relevant areas, all within the proposed richness centres. We found that 73.4% of the species occur within protection areas. The percentages of endemic and threatened species occurring within the limits of these areas correspond to 65.5% and 50.66%, respectively. The patterns of richness and endemism are directly related to the topographic and climatic characteristics that make up the environmental heterogeneity of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

Trindade is a Brazilian oceanic island approximately 1,100 km from the American mainland. The Cyathea Sm. plants from Trindade were originally considered an endemic species, Cyathea copelandii Kuhn & Luerssen, but later included in Cyathea delgadii Sternb. Based on molecular data (trnL-trnF, trnG-trnR and rbcL-accD), morphometric analysis of leaf characters, scanning electron microscopy of indusia and spores, and habitat suitability modeling, the present study confirms the status of C. copelandii as a synonym of C. delgadii. Intraspecific molecular variation suggests phylogeographic structuring in C. delgadii and differentiation between the coastal Atlantic Forest domain and the Cerrado domain (savanna) in the interior of Brazil. The Trindade populations are more closely related to the Atlantic Forest populations, indicating a colonization of the island from the latter area.

The epiphytic fern genus Microgramma (Polypodiaceae) comprises 30 species occurring mainly in the Neotropics, but with one species in Africa, an example of trans-Atlantic disjunction. Morphologically and ecologically, Microgramma presents a wide range of variation that is not seen in the most closely related genera. Recent studies have changed the circumscription of Microgramma to better conform with phylogenetic evidence, but no comprehensively sampled study has addressed the evolution of this lineage. The present study aimed to investigate phylogenetic relationships, ecology and morphological evolution and to test the role of long-distance dispersal in Microgramma. Sequences from five plastid regions were used to infer the phylogenetic relationships and estimate divergence times. Our results show five clades in Microgramma that do not corroborate any previously proposed infrageneric classification system. Several morphological traits appear to be homoplastic, including leaf dimorphism. Tuber-like myrmecodomatia are suggested to be synapomorphic for one clade, although ant-plant associations appear in two lineages. Microgramma lycopodioides in the Neotropics and M. mauritiana in Africa, once thought to be conspecific, are not closely related, with the African species nested in an Atlantic Forest clade, indicating a long-distance dispersal event estimated to have occurred c. 15 Mya from South America to Africa, followed by speciation.

Serpocaulon demissum is herein proposed as a new combination based on the study of the type specimens and protologue of Goniophlebium demissum, as well as the comparison with its sympatric and morphologically similar species, S. catharinae and S. vacillans, two widespread species from the Atlantic Forest. Serpocaulon demissum is similar to these species by the presence of patent rhizomes scales and pinnatisect laminae, but differs from them by its thick amylaceous rhizomes, larger rhizome scales, and spores without folded perine. This taxon represents an endemic species from the Brazilian inselbergs. A re-description that includes a lectotype designation, line drawings, SEM pictures of the spores, pictures of the plant in the field, information of the novel habitat and rhizome stores, distribution map, and the conservation status of the species is presented.

We recognized Dicranopteris spissa (Fée) L.V.Lima & Salino comb. nov. as a segregate species distinct from Dicranopteris rufinervis and other gleichenioid ferns occurring in Brazil. This study provides taxonomic background, descriptions, images, maps, and comments regarding the morphology, ecology, and distribution of D. spissa, as well as an identification key for all Brazilian species of Dicranopteris.

We describe a new species of Blechnum from Mato Grosso, Brazil: Blechnum rivulorum sp. nov. This new species was discovered as a result of visits to the herbaria BM, K, P, PR, and S, as part of the Reflora Project, by the first author. We also indicate its position in a new Blechnum phylogeny. Additionally, we confirm the occurrence of Blechnum meridense Klotzsch in Brazil and provide an updated key to all species of Blechnum in the country.

This publication is a Corrigendum to Lima & Salino (2022). In the original article, we did not fully refer to the original publication of the basionym of the new proposed combination, which we rectify here. The authors apologize for the mistake and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way.

Polypodiaceae is notable for being one of the richest, most diverse, and abundant groups of ferns in tropical and subtropical forests. Currently, 65 genera and approximately 1652 species are recognized in the family. Pleopeltis is a monophyletic genus and comprises approximately 90 species, most of which are exclusive to the Neotropics. The aim of this scientific contribution is a taxonomic treatment of the Pleopeltis species occurring in Brazil. It has been based on the morphological data of specimens from Brazilian and foreign herbaria, as well as on observations and collections made in the field. Eighteen species are recognized in Brazil and occur in all Brazilian biomes, notably the Atlantic Forest (16 spp.). At least one species occurs in all Brazilian states, and the states of Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais (southeastern Brazil) are the richest (11 spp. each). According to the Brazilian Flora Red List, three species are officially threatened, P. alborufula and P. monoides are endangered, and P. trindadensis is critically endangered; however, we suggest including two more species in the official list: P. aturensis and P. stolzei. The taxonomic treatment includes a genus description, identification key to the species, synonyms, species description, distribution maps, illustrations, list of specimens studied, taxonomic comments, and information on habitat and distribution.

Serpocaulon triseriale (Sw.) A.R. Sm. is considered the most widespread species in the genus. It has been recorded from south of Mexico to Bolivia, Paraguay and Brazil. Here, we expand its distribution by reporting a new record from Salta province, Argentina, based on material that was previously misidentified as S. polystichum (Link) A.R. Sm. We compare the S. triseriale and S. polystichum with their relatives (S. attenuatum (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) A.R. Sm., and S. rex Schwartsb. & A.R. Sm.), providing photographs of the plants in the field, SEM images of the spores and light photos of the rhizome scales to discriminate S. rex from S. triseriale. In addition, distributional records are included.

We describe and illustrate Selaginella kriegeriana, a narrow endemic species from Caparao National Park, Brazil, and discuss its affinities. Scanning electron micrograph images of spores and leaves supplement our discussion. In addition, we present a synopsis of the Selaginella species from Caparao National Park, with an identification key and geographical distributions.

The Atlantic Forest is one of the most threatened formations in the world. In this context, the urbanization process stands out as one of the major factors causing environmental degradation, mainly due to the loss of native vegetation and habitat destruction. In order to fill this gap, we carried out the inventory of ferns and lycophytes in the forest remnants of the municipality of Juiz de Fora. We analyzed more than 1,353 samplings recorded throughout approximately 150 years, as result we recorded a total of 174 species distributed in 73 genera and 26 families. The most representative families were Pteridaceae with 32 species, followed by Polypodiaceae with 26 and Thelypteridaceae with 20. In addition, we present the historical data on the sampling of ferns and lycophytes, as well as the history of the fragmentation process of the Atlantic Forest remnants in the municipality. Juiz de Fora becomes an interesting model for broader floristic studies, generating subsequent subsidies for conservation actions and preservation of the natural patrimony.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:47:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-12-31 Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservacao da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa e Inovacao do Espirito Santo FAPES Background Brazilian protected areas are essential for plant conservation in the Atlantic Forest domain, one of the 36 global biodiversity hotspots. A major challenge for improving conservation actions is to know the plant richness, protected by these areas. Online databases offer an accessible way to build plant species lists and to provide relevant information about biodiversity. A list of land plants of Parque Nacional do Caparao (PNC) was previously built using online databases and published on the website Catalogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservacao do Brasil. Here, we provide and discuss additional information about plant species richness, endemism and conservation in the PNC that could not be included in the List. We documented 1,791 species of land plants as occurring in PNC, of which 63 are cited as threatened (CR, EN or VU) by the Brazilian National Red List, seven as data deficient (DD) and five as priorities for conservation. Fifity-one species were possible new ocurrences for ES and MG states. New information Parque Nacional do Caparao houses 8% of the land plant species endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, including 6% of its angiosperms, 31% of its lycophytes and ferns and 14% of its avascular plants. Twelve percent of the threatened species listed for the State of Espirito Santo and 7% listed for the State of Minas Gerais are also protected by PNC. Surprisingly, 79% of the collections analysed here were carried out in Minas Gerais, which represents just 21% of the total extension of the Park. The compiled data uncover a huge botanical collection gap in this federally-protected area. Univ Fed Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil Inst Pesquisas Jardim Bot Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil Univ Estadual Feira de Santana, Feira De Santana, BA, Brazil Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Fundacao Espirito Santense Tecnol, Vitoria, ES, Brazil Secretaria Desenvolvimento Cidade & Meio Ambiente, Cariacica, Brazil Univ Estadual Campinas, Campinas, Brazil Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Ilheus, BA, Brazil Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil Inst Nacl Mata Atlantica, Santa Teresa, Brazil Univ Estado Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil Univ Fed Juiz de Fora, Juiz De Fora, Brazil Univ Fed Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil Univ Estado Santa Catarina, Laguna, Brazil Univ Nacl Nordeste, Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Corrientes, Argentina Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense, Campos Dos Goytacazes, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil STCP Engn Projetos, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil Univ Fed Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil Embrapa Clima Temperado, Pelotas, RS, Brazil Univ Fed Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, Brazil Inst Bot, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Fed Oeste Para, Santarem, Brazil Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Univ Fed Sao Joao del Rei, Sao Joao Del Rei, Brazil Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belem, Para, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil Univ Fed Vicosa, Vicosa, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Brazil CNPq: CNPq 421276/2017-7 Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa e Inovacao do Espirito Santo: FAPES 34/2018 Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa e Inovacao do Espirito Santo: Chamada CNPq/ICMBio/FAPs No 18/2017 FAPES: 19/2018 FAPES: 525/2018

The epiphytic fern genus Microgramma (Polypodiaceae) comprises 30 species occurring mainly in the Neotropics with one species in Africa, being an example of trans-Atlantic disjunction. Morphologically and ecologically, Microgramma presents a wide variation that is not seen in its closest related genera. Recent works changed the circumscription of Microgramma to better conform with phylogenetic evidence, but no comprehensively sampled study has addressed the evolution of this lineage. This study aimed to investigate phylogenetic relationships, ecological and morphological evolution within Microgramma, as well as test the role of long-distant dispersal in the history of the genus. Sequences from five plastid regions were used to infer the phylogenetic relationships and estimate divergence times. Our results show five clades in Microgramma that do not corroborate any infrageneric classification system proposed. Several morphological traits seem to be homoplastic, such as leaf dimorphism. Tuber-like myrmecodomatia are suggested to be synapomorphic for one clade, although ant-plant association appears in two distinct lineages. Microgramma lycopodioides and M. mauritiana are not closely related, with the African species nested within an Atlantic Forest clade, indicating a long-distance dispersal event estimated to have occurred around 15 Ma from South America to Africa, followed by speciation.

In the state of Pará (Brazil), until the beginning of last decade little was known about the composition of the fern and lycophyte flora. The ferruginous mountains of Carajás are located in Southeastern Pará, mostly inserted in the Floresta Nacional de Carajás. The objective of this work is to present a complete and updated list of fern and lycophyte species occurring in all vegetation types from Carajás ferruginous mountains as a contribution to the knowledge of these plant groups from the Brazilian Amazon. The species list was based on specimens collected between 2007 and 2013. About 1068 specimens deposited in the BHCB Herbarium were studied. A total of 186 species of pteridophytes were recorded, 175 species of ferns distributed in 22 families and 68 genera, and 11 species of lycophytes distributed in three families and four genera. The fern and lycophyte flora of Serra dos Carajás region corresponds to 64% of the Pará state flora of these groups and 34% of the Brazilian Amazon fern and lycophyte flora. Seven taxa are presented as new records for Pará state: Asplenium abscissum, A. otites, A. praemorsum, Blechnum lanceola, Elaphoglossum minutum, Doryopteris collina, and Hemionitis tomentosa. Three species are endemic to Serra dos Carajás, Isoetes cangae, I. serracarajensis, and Selaginella stomatoloma. Resumo No estado do Pará (Brasil), até o início da última década pouco se sabia sobre a composição da pteridoflora. As serras ferruginosas de Carajás estão localizadas na região sudeste do Estado, em sua maior parte inseridas na Floresta Nacional de Carajás. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma listagem completa e atualizada das espécies de samambaias e licófitas ocorrentes em todas as formações vegetacionais das serras ferruginosas da região de Carajás como uma contribuição ao conhecimento da pteridoflora da Amazônia Brasileira. A listagem de espécies foi elaborada com base nos espécimes coletados entre 2007 e 2013 durante expedições botânicas. Foram estudados cerca de 1068 espécimes que estão depositados no herbário BHCB. Foram registradas 175 espécies de samambaias distribuídas em 22 famílias e 68 gêneros, e 11 espécies de licófitas, distribuídas em três famílias e quatro gêneros. A pteridoflora da região de Carajás corresponde a 64% da flora de samambaias e licófitas do Pará e a 34% da pteridoflora da Amazônia Brasileira. Sete táxons são apresentados como novos registros para o estado do Pará: Asplenium abscissum, A. otites, A. praemorsum, Blechnum lanceola, Elaphoglossum minutum, Doryopteris collina e Hemionitis tomentosa. Três espécies são endêmicas da região de Carajás, Isoetes cangae, Isoetes serracarajensis e Selaginella stomatoloma.

A presente listagem representa uma primeira compilacao da diversidade das samambaias e licofitas para o estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Encontramos registros de ocorrencia de 207 taxons de samambaias (20% das especies de samambaias do Brasil) e 15 taxons de licofitas (12% das especies de licofitas do Brasil) distribuidos principalmente pelas regioes montanhosas do Macico do Urucum na regiao oeste do estado. Esses dados sao preliminares e evidenciam a necessidade de ampliacao de estudos, visando a reducao de lacunas de coletas existentes e assim proporcionar ummelhor conhecimento acerca da diversidade, ecologia e distribuicao desses grupos de plantas no estado.

Although nectaries are widely known among angiosperms, few records exist for ferns, and there are even fewer studies focusing on their anatomy. We noticed nectaries in Serpocaulon (Polypodiaceae) and confirmed their presence in six taxa of the genus. We conducted a structural analysis using light and scanning electron microscopy and revised occurrence records of nectaries in polypodiaceous ferns. Nectar secretion was observed in young fronds and was restricted to the basal pinnae/segments. We did not detect any differentiated glandular tissue in the portions where the nectar was released, which implies that the nectar secreting glands in the studied taxa should be regarded as non-structural nectaries. Nonetheless, we found the mesophyll in these portions to usually be compact (i. e. with inconspicuous and relatively fewer intercellular spaces), sometimes with cells with distinct dense protoplast. In addition, prominent stomata with elevated guard cells were observed in nectary portions, probably constituting pathways through which nectar exudates. An update record for nectaries in Polypodiaceae was presented; these structures were recorded in 8% of Serpocaulon and ca. 1% of the species of the family, most being epiphytic with pinnatisect laminae dissection. While extrafloral nectaries are mostly related to protection against herbivores, nectary ecology in ferns is poorly understood, and a protective role of these structures cannot be discarded. However, further investigation is needed and encouraged to develop a comprehensive understanding of fern nectaries in light of their evolutionary history and ecological roles.

International audience; Polypodiaceae is one of the most diverse and abundant families of ferns in tropical and subtropical forests. Despite multiple studies investigating its phylogeny and taxonomy, several generic boundaries within the family still need clarification. One of the most problematic circumscriptions is that of Polypodium L., and one species that still contributes to this uncertainty is Polypodium chrysolepis Hook. The main goal of this study was to use molecular and morphological data to clarify the relationships of P. chrysolepis inside the polygrammoid clade. Sequences from three plastid regions (cpDNA – rbcL, rps4 and rps4–trnS IGS) from fifty species belonging to thirty-two genera of Polypodiaceae were analyzed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Polypodium chrysolepis constitutes an isolated lineage among the neotropical polygrammoid ferns, close to Serpocaulon and the grammitids, and is recognized here in a new genus. It can be distinguished by its entire leaves with free veins and peltate, pedicellate, lanceolate paraphyses. A new combination, Adetogramma chrysolepis, is proposed and a new taxonomic treatment is presented; its conservation status was assessed using IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.

We describe a new species and propose a new combination of Ctenitis from South America. The new species is from Peru. We named it Ctenitis megalastriformis due to the resemblance to Megalastrum. The new combination corresponds to the species known until now as C. pedicellata. This species should be called C. nervata, based on the older name Aspidium nervatum. Lectotypes are designated for A. pedicellatum and Dryopteris indecora, both considered here to be synonyms of C. nervata.

Young fronds from several fern species are covered by mucilage, but its synthesis and functional roles remain understudied. The young leaves of the tropical ferns Amauropelta cheilanthoides , Amauropelta pachyrhachis and Steiropteris decussata are covered by a hyaline layer of highly hydrophilic mucilage that is produced by glandular trichomes (GTs). In order to better understand the morphology and ultrastructure associated with mucilage secretion in these plants, we employed a combination of light and electron microscopy along with histochemical studies. The distribution and abundance of GTs varies during leaf growth. The origin and differentiation of GTs occurs early in leaf development and their secretory activity is restricted to the first stage of leaf differentiation. Glandular trichomes can be sessile or pedunculate and the secretory head commonly shows a single cell in the distal portion. In general, at the beginning of development, the distal secretory cell has a large nucleus, thin wall and dense cytoplasm with large vacuoles, endoplasmatic reticulum and active dictyosomes. In mature secretory cells the large vacuole is filled with secretion, and represents almost the entire protoplast. Observations of the early onset and duration of functional mucilaginous trichomes of Thelypteridaceae, the physicochemical nature of the secretion and the location of these trichomes indicate that the product of these structures provides protection for the apical meristem and young leaves from excessive sunlight and high levels of transpiration, thereby reducing water loss. This functional concept is the common link connecting most reports on the structure of colleters and, therefore, this work represents the first report of colleters for ferns.

Resumo Este estudo trata dos táxons de Tectariaceae encontrados nas formações ferríferas da Serra dos Carajás, estado do Pará, com descrições, imagens, distribuição geográfica e comentários. Na área estudada foram registrados dois gêneros e duas espécies: Tectaria heracleifolia e Triplophyllum glabrum.

Resumo Este estudo engloba os táxons de Polypodiaceae registrados nas cangas da Serra dos Carajás, no estado do Pará, trazendo descrições, ilustrações e comentários morfológicos. Foram registrados oito táxons para a área de estudo, distribuídos em seis gêneros: Campyloneurum centrobrasilianum, C. phyllitidis, Microgramma lycopodioides, M. persicariifolia, Pecluma plumula, Pleopeltis polypodioides var. burchellii, Phlebodium decumanum e Serpocaulon triseriale.

Resumo Este estudo trata os táxons das famílias Athyriaceae, Lomariopsidaceae, Metaxyaceae e Saccolomataceae (Polypodiopsida) encontrados nas formações de Floresta Ombrófila Densa circunvizinhas às formações de canga da Serra dos Carajás, estado do Pará, e conta com descrições, imagens, distribuição e comentários. Na área de estudo foram registradas oito espécies distribuídas em cinco gêneros. Abstract This study addresses the families Athyriaceae, Lomariopsidaceae, Metaxyaceae and Saccolomataceae (Polypodiopsida) recorded in the rainforest surrounding “canga” formations of the Serra dos Carajás, Pará state, with descriptions, images, geographical distribution and comments. In the study area were recorded eight species distributed in five genera.

Blechnaceae, a leptosporangiate fern family nested within eupolypods II, comprises 200-250 species, typically divided among seven to nine genera. Despite recent molecular studies of the family, it still lacks a modern taxonomic update based on broad sampling from the two centres of diversity-the Neotropics and Australasia/Oceania. To test generic circumscriptions, we have assembled the broadest dataset thus far, from three plastid regions (rbcL, rps4-trnS, trnL-trnF) and with taxonomic sampling focused on both major diversity centres. Our sampling includes 156 taxa and 178 newly generated sequences. We recognize three subfamilies, each corresponding to a highly supported clade across all analyses (maximum parsimony, Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood). The genera Salpichlaena, Stenochlaena and Telmatoblechnum are monophyletic, while Blechnum is polyphyletic, because Brainea, Doodia and Sadleria all nest within it. We outline and explain a plan to resolve the polyphyly of Blechnum by recognizing additional, monophyletic, segregate genera.

For ferns and lycophytes, the Neotropics is a hotspot of diversity (3000-4500 species), and second only to Southeastern Asia in richness and endemism. This paper presents the current state of knowledge on fern and lycophyte systematics in the Neotropics, and emphasizes sampling sufficiency and current taxonomic and phylogenetic knowledge. Plant systematics plays an important role in documenting diversity and geographic distribution patterns that are needed to understand relationships and evolutionary patterns, and plays a vital role in species conservation. Although in recent decades this field of science has undergone a revolution because of new approaches and techniques, data presented in this work shows that large gaps remain and there is still a long path towards fully understanding fern and lycophyte systematics in Neotropics. Approaches and how to choose areas that should be targeted in order to try to fulfill these knowledge gaps are discussed.

Two new species of Goniopteris endemic to the state of Espirito Santo (Brazil) are described and illustrated: Goniopteris bradei and G. salinoi. Morphological comparisons with similar species, as well as two identification keys, are presented. One key includes the Brazilian species most similar to G. bradei, and the other includes those Goniopteris species with glandular hairs, including G. salinoi.

Selaginella P. Beauv. is the only genus in the family Selaginellaceae Willk. The genus is monophyletic, has a cosmopolitan distribution, contains about 750 species and can be characterized by the presence of rhizophores, leaves, a ligule, heterospory and adaxial, reniform sporangia. Twenty species were found in the study area: Selaginella alstonii, S. contigua, S. convoluta, S. decomposita, S. erectifolia, S. erythropus, S. flexuosa, S. jungermannioides, S. macrostachya, S. marginata, S. microphylla, S. muscosa, S. producta, S. sellowii, S. sematophylla, S. suavis, S. sulcata, S. tenella, S. tenuissima and S. vestiens. Two new species records for the state are presented (S. jungermannioides and S. tenella). We present descriptions of the genus and species, an identification key, the synonyms pertaining to Brazil, illustrations, and comments about the taxonomy and distribution of species in Brazil.

Resumo Este estudo trata as espécies de Selaginellaceae registradas nas cangas da Serra dos Carajás, estado do Pará, trazendo descrições, ilustrações, distribuição geográfica e comentários sobre estas. Na área estudada foram registradas duas espécies, Selaginella radiata, a qual possui distribuição restrita à América do Sul, e S. simplex, que está mais amplamente distribuída nos Neotrópicos.

Resumo Este estudo trata dos táxons de Pteridaceae encontrados nas formações ferríferas da Serra dos Carajás, estado do Pará, com descrições, ilustrações, distribuição geográfica e comentários. Na área de estudo foram registrados nove gêneros e 10 espécies: Adiantopsis radiata, Adiantum deflectens, Ananthacorus angustifolius, Ceratopteris thalictroides, Doryopteris collina, Hemionitis palmata, H. tomentosa, Lytoneuron ornithopus, Pityrogramma calomelanos e Vittaria lineata.

Resumo Este estudo trata dos táxons de Dryopteridaceae encontrados nas formações ferríferas da Serra dos Carajás, estado do Pará, com descrições, ilustrações, distribuição geográfica e comentários. Na área estudada foram registrados quatro gêneros e quatro espécies: Ctenitis nigrovenia, Dryopteris huberi, Elaphoglossum glabellum e Polybotrya sorbifolia.

Resumo Este estudo trata os táxons da família Marattiaceae encontrados nas formações ferríferas da Serra dos Carajás, estado do Pará, com descrições, imagens, distribuição e comentários. Na área de estudo foram registrados um gênero e duas espécies: Danaea cartilaginea e Danaea leprieurii. As duas espécies constituem registros novos para o estado do Pará.

Resumo Este estudo trata os táxons da família Gleicheniaceae encontradas nas formações ferríferas da Serra dos Carajás, estado do Pará, com descrições, imagens, distribuição e comentários. Na área de estudo foram registradas duas espécies distribuídas em dois gêneros: Dicranopteris flexuosa e Gleichenella pectinata.

This assessment uses ferns and lycophytes as indicators for testing the effectiveness of the Protected Areas in Minas Gerais state, in southeastern Brazil. Using samples mainly from collections made by the authors since 2004 and additional materials deposited in many herbaria, we have compared species occurrence records inside and outside Protected Areas using proportion tests and rarefaction curves. We recorded 35 families, 136 genera and 707 species of ferns and lycophytes in Minas Gerais. The total number of species is estimated to be 779.420 (±19.534 SE) in this state. Inside the Protected Areas, the number of species tends to be higher than outside, and this relationship is even more pronounced when considering only the threatened species. When we used rarefaction curves, Protected Areas also showed higher species richness not only for all species but also for species on the Minas Gerais list of threatened plants. Although there is a need for increasing the Protected Areas in the state, so that the 78 species recorded only outside them are included, the Protected Areas are still an important tool for the conservation of ferns and lycophytes. Policies for the creation of Protected Areas to protect the highest number of species and hence increase the importance of those territories for conservation must be based on evidence.

Resumo Este estudo trata dos táxons de Lycopodiaceae encontrados nas formações ferríferas da Serra dos Carajás, estado do Pará, com descrições, ilustrações, distribuição geográfica e comentários. Na área estudada foi registrada apenas Palhinhaea cernua.

A new species, Selaginella surucucusensis L. Goes & E. Assis, collected since 1969 in Roraima State, in Northern Brazil, is described and illustrated and its affinities are discussed. We discuss S. mazaruniensis Jenman, S. parviarticulata W. R. Buck and S. rhodostachya Baker as new distribution records for Brazil, and we designate a lectotype for S. mazaruniensis.

Descreve-se o perfil de 40 propriedades rurais com pastagens invadidas por Pteridium arachnoideum na região norte de Mato Grosso, bem como a prevalência de hematúria enzoótica bovina (HEB) em bovinos de leite e corte nessa região. A HEB foi observada em 15/40 propriedades com prevalências variando entre 0,8 e 16,6%. Aspectos relacionados à implantação das pastagens e manejos utilizados foram discutidos. A maior parte das propriedades que apresentaram HEB possuíam pastagens altamente invadidas pela planta, enquanto que a maioria das propriedades que nunca apresentaram animais acometidos por HEB possuíam pastos com áreas invadidas abaixo de 10%. O desmatamento e a utilização de queimada foram fatores determinantes na invasão de piquetes por P. arachnoidem. The profile of 40 farms with pastures invaded by Pteridium arachnoideum in northern Mato Grosso as well as the prevalence of bovine enzootic haematuria (BEH) in dairy and beef cattle in the region are described. The BEH was observed in 15/40 properties with prevalence rates ranging from 0.8 to 16.6%. Aspects related to the deployment of pastures and management are discussed. In most farms where BEH occurs, the pastures were highly invaded by the plant, whereas in most farms where HEB does not occur the pastures had less than 10% of Pteridium arachnoideum. Deforestation and the use of fire were determinant factors in the invasion of the paddocks by P. arachnoideum.

Resumo Este estudo trata dos táxons de Ophioglossaceae encontrados nas formações ferríferas da Serra dos Carajás, estado do Pará, com descrições, ilustrações, distribuição geográfica e comentários. Na área estudada foi registrada apenas Ophioglossum nudicaule. Este constitui o primeiro registro de Ophioglossaceae para o estado do Pará.

Background: The Atlantic Forest biome is a top hotspot for conservation priorities, but the variations in fern species composition and the factors driving these are still poorly known. The vegetation gradient found in the state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, constitutes an interesting environmental model for examining such patterns.Aims: We analysed the variation in fern species composition across a vegetation gradient in the southern Atlantic Forest and the variables that might influence it.Methods: We applied cluster analysis (TWINSPAN and WPGMA), ordination (DCA), regression (OLS and GWR) and variance partitioning to species occurrence, environmental and spatial data in 40 sample units (50 × 50 km2), using metadata.Results: Bioclimatic variables, mainly those related to humidity (water being an essential medium for fern reproduction), and geographic distance were related to variation in fern species composition. Dispersal constraints, probably related to neutral processes, could be evoked to expla...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-01T13:08:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-03-01Bitstream added on 2014-10-01T14:03:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S2175-78602013000100004.pdf: 2910912 bytes, checksum: 5798911540c440bae89d1fb7e3e18819 (MD5) A ocorrência de rochas carbonáticas delimita um tipo particular de relevo, o carste, o qual, pela geomorfologia e hidrologia específicas, difere das paisagens dominantes. Na região cárstica do Alto São Francisco, conhecida como Mata de Pains, encontram-se exemplos marcantes de relevos cársticos ocorrentes em Minas Gerais. No cárste, a cobertura vegetal é composta por mosaico fitofisionômico apresentando áreas florestadas e áreas abertas, com notável diversidade florística. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar o levantamento das espécies de angiospermas em áreas com afloramentos de rocha carbonática na Região Cárstica do Alto São Francisco, bem como verificar a relação florística da região estudada com a flora dos domínios fitogeográficos brasileiros. Para o levantamento, no período de 2002 a 2006, foram realizadas expedições mensais para coletas de material botânico fértil concentradas em áreas relacionadas a rochas carbonáticas. O material coletado totalizou 1.512 exsicatas e foi incorporado ao acervo do herbário BHCB. Foram encontradas 456 espécies de angiospermas, distribuídas em 299 gêneros e 77 famílias. O hábito herbáceo foi o melhor representado, com 161 espécies, seguido dos hábitos arbustivo e arbóreo (111 espécies cada), escandente (73 espécies). A flora encontrada na Mata de Pains apresenta influências, em ordem de importância, dos domínios fitogeográficos Mata Atlântica, Cerrado, Amazônia, Caatinga, Pantanal e Pampa. Inventários florísticos em regiões cársticas nos diferentes domínios fitogeográficos podem, em conjunto, fornecer informações importantes no entendimento histórico da vegetação neotropical. The occurence of carbonatic rocks defines a typical type of relief, called karst, that, by its geomorphology and hydrology, usually differs from the surrounding landscape. In the upper São Francisco river basin, some striking remnants of vegetation associated to karst can be found, which are locally knwon as Mata de Pains. In this region, a mosaic of different physiognomies, including forests and open areas, which present noteworthy plant diversity, composes the vegetation. The aim of this study is to provide an inventory of angiosperm species in areas of carbonatic rocks outcrops in the upper São Francisco river basin karst region, as well as analyze the floristic relationship of the study area with different Brazilian phytogeographic domains. Fieldwork was performed during the period of 2002 a 2006, when collections of fertile speciemns were done in areas associated to carbonatic rock outcrops. During the study, 1512 exsicates were incorporated to BHCB herbarium collection. A total of 456 angiosperm species were inventoried, distributed in 299 genera and 77 families. Herbaceous habit was better represented, with 161 species, followed by shrubs and trees (111 species each) and lianas (73 species). The flora of the study area presents more influence of the Mata Atlântica domain (Atlantic Rain Forest), followed by, in order of importance, Cerrado, Amazonia, Caatinga, Pantanal and Pampa. Floristic surveys in different karst regions inserted in different phytogeographic domains may, together, provide useful information in understanding the phytogeografic history of Neotropical vegetation. Universidade Federal de Lavras Depto. Biologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Inst. Biociências Depto. Botânica Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Inst. Ciências Biológicas Depto. Botânica Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Inst. Biociências Depto. Botânica

We present a list of vascular plants found in Legado das Águas, Reserva Votorantim, a private reserve having an area of approximately 35,000 ha that spans the municipalities of Tapiraí, Miracatú, and Juquiá, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The reserve is part of a complex of state-protected areas including Alto Ribeira Touristic State Park, Intervales State Park , Carlos Botelho State Park, Jurupará State Park, and Serra do Mar State Park. Together, these form an important and large area of continuous and well-preserved forest. Our study, which involved two main floristic surveys in March/April 2013 and April 2014, recorded 768 species, representing 131 families and 432 genera. The majority of species were angiosperms (619) representing 106 families and 370 genera. There were also two species of gymnosperms belonging to two genera in separate families; 147 species of ferns and lycophytes belonging to 23 families and 60 genera. In demonstrating the presence of almost 800 species of plants, of which 16 are threatened, our study highlights the importance of floristic surveys and the critical role of private protected areas in managing and preserving native flora.

Two new species of Blechnum from Para State, northern Brazil, are described along with a diagnostic key and illustrations: Blechnum areolatum and B. longipilosum (Blechnaceae). Blechnum areolatum can be distinguished by: partially anastomosing veins, one or two pairs of pinnae and one- to two-celled hairs present only on the abaxial side of leaf blade. Blechnum longipilosum is characterized by: partially anastomosing veins, one to three pairs of reduced proximal pinnae and long hairs on rachises, costae, veins, laminar tissue, and indusia between sporangia. Both plants belong to the B. occidentale L. complex. Blechnum areolatum is similar to some specimens of B. lanceola Sw. with one pair of pinnae, but the veins in the latter species are completely free. Blechnum longipilosum has no known close relatives. The only Neotropical species so far known with partially anastomosing veins is B. heringeri Brade, which has erect rhizomes (vs. short creeping in B. longipilosum) and short, two- to three-cell...

Na floresta Ombrófila Densa do Parque Estadual de Carlos Botelho - PECB (ca. 37.000 ha) foi avaliada a composição, riqueza e distribuição geográfica das espécies vasculares nativas. A análise de 1143 espécies pertencentes a 140 famílias (sensu APG III) confirmaram o padrão encontrado para outras florestas do Leste do Brasil, com altas riquezas de Myrtaceae (85 espécies), Orchidaceae (81), Fabaceae (57), Asteraceae, Melastomataceae (54), Lauraceae (53), Rubiaceae (51), Bromeliaceae (43), Piperaceae (30) e Solanaceae (25), além de pteridófitas (123). Os gêneros mais ricos do Parque foram: Eugenia (34), Ocotea (26), Leandra, Myrcia, Vriesea (18), Piper (16), Solanum (15), Miconia (14), Mollinedia (13) e Peperomia (12). Houve grande variação na riqueza e composição de espécies entre hábitos, bem como no número de famílias representadas nos hábitos considerados (apenas Rubiaceae teve espécies em todos os hábitos, exceto parasitas). As árvores obtiveram a maior contribuição na riqueza total (39,1%), valor que representou mais de 20% das espécies de árvores citadas para toda a Floresta Atlântica do Sudeste do Brasil. Em seguida, foram os epífitos (22,4%), ervas (18,4%), arbustos (10,1%), lianas (9,1%) e parasitas (0,9%). De maneira geral, a riqueza e a composição por hábitos foram bastante similares ao encontrado nas demais florestas neotropicais (e.g. alta contribuição de pteridófitas ente os epífitos), apesar de alguns dos hábitos permanecerem subamostrados no PECB (principalmente ervas, lianas e epífitos). A ocorrência de espécies endêmicas da Floresta Atlântica foi elevada (65%), com predominância de espécies de ocorrência no Sul da Floresta Atlântica (43%). Espécies pantropicais foram raras (2%), sendo mais comuns entre as pteridófitas e entre as herbáceas. Myrtaceae e Melastomataceae foram as famílias com maior número e proporção de espécies endêmicas. In the Montane and Submontane Rain Forest of the Carlos Botelho State Park - PECB (ca. 37,000 ha) the composition, richness and geographical distribution of native, vascular forest species was evaluated. The analysis of 1143 species of 140 families supported the pattern found for other forests of Eastern Brazil, showing high species richness of Myrtaceae (85 species), Orchidaceae (81), Fabaceae (57), Asteraceae, Melastomataceae (54), Lauraceae (53), Rubiaceae (51), Bromeliaceae (43), Piperaceae (30) and Solanaceae (25), besides ferns (123). The most species-rich genera were Eugenia (34), Ocotea (26), Leandra, Myrcia, Vriesea (18), Piper, Solanum (16), Miconia (14), Mollinedia (13), and Peperomia (12). The richness and composition varied greatly among life forms, as well as the number of families represented in each one of them (only Rubiaceae had species in all life forms, except parasites). Trees had the largest contribution of total richness (39.1%), a value that represented more than 20% of the species listed for the whole Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil. Trees were followed by epiphytes (22.4%), herbs (18.4%), shrubs (10.1%), lianas (9.1%), and parasites (0.9%). The overall richness and composition of life forms was quite close to other neotropical forests (e.g. high contribution of ferns among epiphytes), although some life forms remain undersampled in the PECB (mainly herbs, lianas and epiphytes). The occurrence of species endemic to the Atlantic Forest was pronounced (65%), with a predominance of species restricted to the Southern Atlantic Forest (43%). Pantropical species were rare (2%), being more common among ferns. Myrtaceae and Melastomataceae were the families with greater number and proportion of endemic species.

Two new species of Elaphoglossum (Dryopteridaceae) are described and illustrated: Elaphoglossum bradeanum Melo & Salino and Elaphoglossum commissurale Melo & Salino, both endemic to Minas Gerais state (Brazil).

A new species of Thelypteris subgenus Goniopteris (Thelypteridaceae) is described and illustrated: Thelypteris amazonica Salino & R. S. Fernandes is apparently most similar to Thelypteris anoptera (Kunze) C. Chr. (Brazil-Bahia) and T. abrupta (Desv.) Proctor (Antilles, Central America, South America), but differs from both by the clavate vein ends, basal vein pairs from adjacent segments not united below the sinuses, and petioles with simple and stellate hairs. Thelypteris amazonica is known only from Amazonian Brazil.

We conducted a taxonomic study of the fern genera Lomaria , Lomariocycas, and Parablechnum (Blechnaceae, Polypodiopsida) in southern and southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Parana, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul). We recognized six species (one of Lomaria , one of Lomariocycas , and four of Parablechnum ), three of which have a broad neotropical distribution and three that are endemic to Brazil. Four new records are reported for four species in different regions or states from Brazil, and a new record for Guyana. Taxonomic descriptions, synonymies, lectotypifications, a neotypification ( Parablechnum usterianum ), geographical distributions, and comments are given for all species occurring in the study region, as well as a key for the identification of the Brazilian species of Parablechnum .

A new taxonomic circumscription is proposed for Serpocaulon sessilifolium and S. wagneri . We compared the type specimens of S. sessilifolium and S. wagneri with those of the new proposed synonyms: S. acuminatum , S. antillense and S. chacapoyense for the former, and Polypodium kuhlmannii and S. panorense for the latter. Diagnostic descriptions, synonymy, taxonomic discussion, and pictures of diagnostic characters for each species are provided. In addition, lectotypes for two names are designated.