Search

International audience; Scheduling production is an important decision issue in the manufacturing domain. With the advent of the era of Industry 4.0, the basic generation of schedules becomes no longer sufficient to face the new constraints of flexibility and agility that characterize the new architecture of production systems. In this context, schedules must take into account an increasingly disrupted environment while maintaining a good performance level. This paper contributes to the identified field of smart manufacturing scheduling by proposing a complete process for assessing the robustness of schedule solutions: i.e., its ability to resist to uncertainties. This process focuses on helping the decision maker in choosing the best scheduling strategy to be implemented. It aims at considering the impact of uncertainties on the robustness performance of predictive schedules. Moreover, it is assumed that data upcoming from connected workshops are available, such that uncertainties can be identified and modelled by stochastic variables This process is supported by stochastic timed automata for modelling these uncertainties. The proposed approach is thus based on Stochastic Discrete Event Systems models and model checking techniques defining a highly reusable and modular process. The solution process is illustrated on an academic example and its performance (generecity and scalability) are deeply evaluated using statistical analysis. The proposed application of the evaluation process is based on the technological opportunities offered by the Industry 4.0.

Published in IFAC-PapersOnLine (51)11:758-763, 2018; International audience; This work is a positioning research paper for energy efficient building based on ICT solutions. Through the literature about the solutions for energy control of buildings during operational phase, a 3-layers model is proposed to integrate these solutions: first level consists in communication technologies, second level is about data modelling and third level is related to decision-making tools. For each level, key research topics and remaining problems are identified in order to achieve a concrete step forward. 1. CONTEXT AND PROBLEMATICS Through studies on ICT solutions for energy control of buildings, a 3-layers model is proposed to integrate these solutions and position a new way for energy efficiency. The building sector is the largest user of energy and CO 2 emitter in the EU, estimated at approximately 40% of the total consumption (Sharples et al., 1999). According to the International Panel on Climate Change (European Union, 2010), 30% of energy used in buildings could be reduced with net economic benefits by 2030. Such a reduction, however, is meaningless unless "sustainability" is considered. Because of these factors, healthy, sustainable, and energy efficient buildings have become active topics in international research; there is an urgent need for a new kind of high-technology driven and integrative research that should lead to the massive development of smart buildings and, in the medium term, smart cities. From a building lifecycle perspective, most of the energy (~80%) is consumed during the operational stage of the building (European Union, 2010) (Bilsen et al., 2013). Reducing building energy consumption may be addressed by the physical modifications which can be operated on a building like upgrading windows, heating systems or modifying thermic characteristics by insulating. Another possible path to reduce the energy consumption of a building is to use Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). According to the International Panel on Climate Change, a reduction of energy even greater than the 30% can be targeted by 2030 by considering ICT solutions. In support of this claim, some specialists believe that ICT-based solutions have the potential to enable 50-80% greenhouse gas reduction globally. In this respect, ICT innovation opens prospects for the development of a new range of new services highly available, flexible, safe, easy to integrate, and user friendly (Bilsen et al., 2013). This, in turn, should foster a sophisticated, reliable and fast communication infrastructure for the connection of various distributed elements (sensors, generators, substations...) that enables to exchange real-time data, information and knowledge needed to improve efficiency (e.g., to monitor and control energy consumption), reliability (e.g., to facilitate maintenance operations), flexibility (e.g., to integrate new rules to meet new consumer expectations), and investment returns, but also to induce a shift in consumer behaviour.

Published in IFAC-PapersOnLine, 51(7):271-276, 2018; International audience; Discrete Event Systems (DES) have already proved their efficiency to model and solve scheduling production problems in the field of manufacturing systems. Their main asset is the capacity to represent the dynamic behavior of workshops.The stochastic extensions of DES models offers, actually, interesting characteristics to take into consideration the perturbations in scheduling. In this paper, we propose to use a stochastic DES approach (using stochastic timed automata) to evaluate the robustness of schedules under perturbations. The perturbations that are considered are the machine failures with uncertain reparation duration.

Une nouvelle économie axée sur l’utilisation plus efficiente des biens a vu le jour au cours des dernières années : l’économie collaborative. Désormais présente et fleurissante dans de nombreuses sphères de l’économie française, cette nouvelle réalité a entraîné son lot de préoccupations. L’une d’elles, moins traitée en France, est le fait que ces plateformes constituent un terreau fertile pour les pratiques discriminatoires. Puisqu’elles requièrent généralement l’affichage d’une photo, d’un profil public et de nombreuses informations personnelles, certains préjugés et stéréotypes enracinés dans la conscience collective sont susceptibles d’entrer en jeu et d’entraîner des différences de traitements. Dans ce texte, l’auteur examine l’applicabilité et l’efficacité des mécanismes français de protection contre la discrimination face à ces risques. Autrement dit, ces mécanismes sont-ils adaptés à la nouvelle réalité proposée par les Airbnb, Uber et BlaBlaCar de ce monde ? A new economy based on the efficient use of goods has emerged in recent years : the sharing economy. Now flowering in many spheres of the French economy, this new reality has led to many concerns. One of them, less discussed in France, is the fact that these collaborative platforms provide a fertile ground for discrimination. Given the fact that they generally require the display of a photo, a public profile and many personal informations, prejudices and stereotypes rooted in the collective consciousness may come into play and lead to adverse treatments. In this text, the author analyzes the applicability and effectiveness of the protection against discrimination to these risks. In other words, are these mechanisms adapted to the new reality proposed by the Airbnb, Uber and BlaBlaCar of this world ?

International audience; The growing complexity of modern organisations poses a series of challenges, among them the cooperation between autonomous and heterogeneous information systems in distributed networks. Actually, Information Systems (IS) are said to be cooperative if they share common goals in their environment and jointly contribute to achieve these common goals. Obviously, this presupposes the ability to exchange information and then to use it in accordance with each information system required. In the literature, these features refer to interoperability. In this context, one of the main issues concerns the evaluation of the lack of interoperability between Cooperative Information Systems (CIS) through the measurement of their semantic gaps. In order to achieve this purpose, this paper proposes a mathematical formalisation of the semantic relationships between CIS conceptual models. The resulting formal model is then analysed for evaluating the lack of interoperability implications to the global information systems shared goals. The proposed approach is illustrated through a case study dealing with a B2M (Business to Manufacturing) interoperability requirement between an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system and a Manufacturing Execution System (MES) application.

Best track paper (1/20); International audience; Today, sustainability becomes one of the biggest challenges. It represents a key issue in every production activity. To face this issue, a possible solution is to enhance knowledge usage in manufacturing and sustainability domains. In this paper, we extend the ONTO-PDM ontology for formalizing sustainable manufacturing knowledge. An industrial case is presented for instantiating the extension. Moreover we design a knowledge-based system, which exploits sustainable manufacturing knowledge for supporting design and process planning with sustainability proposals, generating machine code starting from product specifications.

International audience; The grown complexity of the modern enterprise poses a series of challenges, among them keeping competitiveness in the fast changing environment in which the enterprise evolves. Addressing Enterprise Integration is considered as a key to achieve the goal of any enterprise either it is a single or a networked enterprise. Enterprise Modelling is a prerequisite to enable the common understanding of the enterprises and its various interactions in order to "provide the right information, at the right time, at the right place". However, problems often emerge from a lack of understanding of the semantics of the elaborated models resulting from various modelling experience based on different methods and tools. This paper describes the challenges associated to semantics enactment in Information Systems models. To facilitate this enactment, it proposes an approach based on a fact-oriented modelling perspective. Then, it also provides an algorithm to automatically build semantic aggregates that help in highlighting Enterprise Models core embedded semantics. A case study on the field of B2M interoperability is performed in order to illustrate the application of the presented approach.

International audience; This paper focuses on the configuration of a parallel multi-purpose machines workshop. An admissible configuration must be chosen in order to ensure that a load-balanced production plan meeting the demand exists. Moreover, the demand is strongly subject to uncertainties. That is the reason why the configuration must exhibit robustness properties: the load-balancing performance must be guaranteed with regard to a given range of uncertainties. A branch-and-bound approach has been developed and implemented to determine a cost-constrained configuration that maximizes a robustness level. Computational results are reported for both academic and industrial-scale instances. More than 80% of the academic instances are solved to optimality by the proposed method. Moreover, this method appears to be a good heuristic for industrial-scale instances.

International audience; Reference models play an important role in the knowledge management of the various complex collaboration domains (such as Supply Chain Networks). However, they often show a lack of semantic precision and, they are sometimes incomplete. In this paper, we present an approach to overcome semantic inconsistencies and incompleteness of the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model and hence, improve its usefulness and expand the application domain. First, we describe a literal OWL specification of SCOR concepts (and related tools), built with the intention to preserve the original approach in the classification of process reference model entities and hence, to enable effectiveness of usage in original contexts. Next, we demonstrate the system for its exploitation, in specific - tools for SCOR framework browsing and rapid supply chain process configuration. Then, we describe the SCOR-FULL ontology, its relations with relevant domain ontology and show how it can be exploited for improvement of SCOR ontological framework competence. Finally, we elaborate the potential impact of the presented approach, to interoperability of systems in Supply Chain Networks.

International audience; This paper addresses multi-purpose machine configuration in an uncertain context through sensitivity analysis. The so-called configuration is the machine's ability to process products, and the uncertain context is modelled as a demand variation affecting the forecast demand. Given a configuration, this work aims at assessing the completion time deviation when the workshop demand is subject to perturbation. Such quantitative information can be used in a robustness approach for selecting the most appropriate configuration. To do so, the configuration impact on the completion time value that can be reached by solving the attached scheduling problem is first investigated. Then, the completion time deviation is written as a piecewise linear function of the magnitude of demand variation. The proposed approach, which is based on the solution of a set of linear programs, is illustrated through a detailed example. It is shown to be polynomial, and fast enough for addressing real-world instances. Finally, how to compare two configurations on the basis of completion time deviation in an uncertain context is demonstrated.

International audience; This paper addresses production systems optimisation in uncertain context. A standard framework for solving such type of problems is depicted in a 3-step approach. The two first steps are addressed in this paper. They consist of off-line characterisation of the problem and calculation of solutions with some desired performance. A generic approach to implement these off-line steps is introduced in this paper. This approach relies on calculation of robust off-line solutions. A generic framework of robustness is defined. Then five standard optimisation problems are derived and related to the so called stability and sensitivity analysis. This generic approach is then applied to a multi-purpose machines problem.

This article focuses on the minimization of the setup costs of a workshop modeled with parallel multi-purpose machines. Any admissible workshop configuration has to ensure that a load-balanced production plan meeting a given demand exists. This problem is shown to be NP-hard in the strong sense, and is stated as a mixed integer linear program. It is shown that under some hypotheses, it can be stated as a transportation problem and solved in polynomial time. An upper bound and lower bound are proposed, as well as a performance ratio assessment that is reached only when degenerate optimal solutions to the transportation problem exist.

This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the following 8 International Workshops: OTM Academy; OTM Industry Case Studies Program; Enterprise Integration, Interoperability, and Networking, EI2N; International Workshop on Fact Based Modeling 2015, FBM; Industrial and Business Applications of Semantic Web Technologies, INBAST; Information Systems, om Distributed Environment, ISDE; Methods, Evaluation, Tools and Applications for the Creation and Consumption of Structured Data for the e-Society, META4eS; and Mobile and Social Computing for collaborative interactions, MSC 2015. These workshops were held as associated events at OTM 2015, the federated conferences "On The Move Towards Meaningful Internet Systems and Ubiquitous Computing", in Rhodes, Greece, in October 2015. The 55 full papers presented together with 3 short papers and 2 popsters were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 100 submissions. The workshops share the distributed aspects of modern computing systems, they experience the application pull created by the Internet and by the so-called Semantic Web, in particular developments of Big Data, increased importance of security issues, and the globalization of mobile-based technologies.

After the successful seventh edition in 2012, the eight edition of the Enterprise Integration, Interoperability and Networking workshop (EI2N’2013) has been organized as part of the OTM’2013 Federated Conferences in Graz, Austria. The workshop is co-sponsored by the IFAC Technical Committee 5.3 ”Enterprise Integration and Networking” (main sponsor) and IFAC TC 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 5.2, 5.4 and 9.5, the IFIP TC 8WG 8.1 ”Design and Evaluation of Information Systems”, the SIG INTEROP Grande-Region on ”Enterprise Systems Interoperability”, and the French CNRS National Research Group GDR MACS.

Part 22: Sustainable Collaborative Networks III; International audience; To cope with the customer-oriented business model in a global competitive market, enterprises tend to be networked for achieving mass customisation: i.e. offering customisable products with the same efficiency as mass production. This scenario highlights two faces of variability: variability of needs (on customer side) and variability of organisations (on production side). Both types of variability induce a huge number of specified products, namely configurations. This configuration variability must be efficiently managed. This position paper discusses trends and issues for rationalising the number of configurations: i.e. engineering the right number of configurations that match both the customer needs and the production strategy. After this positioning, we propose a systemic perspective for addressing the discussed issues from a sustainability point of view. Finally we give a perspective for a product line definition method that leads to models that meet the discussed variability rationalisation.

Information in enterprise is, now more than ever, a fundamental resource. In order to increase enterprise performance, economics paradigms focus on how to better manage it. Information Systems (IS) are systems whose activities are devoted to capture and to store data, to process them and produce knowledge, used by any stakeholders within an enterprise or among different networked enterprises. The modern architecture of information systems is based on distributed networks. An important challenge, to reach higher performance, is to represent and share knowledge managed by those ISs. One of the main issues in making such heterogeneous Cooperative Information Systems (CIS) working together is to remove semantics interoperability barriers. This paper firstly analyses interoperability issues between CISs and then proposes a systematic approach for data models conceptualisation for knowledge explicitation, based on initial conceptual model cleaning rules, expert knowledge injection rules and finally fact-oriented transformation rules. A case study is proposed, related to a work order process in an Enterprise Resource Planning application, Sage X3.

International audience

Acceptance rate: 14%; International audience; In order to increase enterprise performance, economics paradigms focus, now more than ever, on how to better manage information. The modern architecture of information systems is based on distributed networks with a grand challenge representing and sharing knowledge managed by those ISs. One of the main issues in making such heterogeneous Cooperative Information Systems (CIS) working together is to remove semantics interoperability barriers. This paper firstly analyses interoperability issues between CISs and then proposes patterns for data models conceptualisation for knowledge explicitation, based on expert knowledge injection rules and a fact-oriented approach. A case study is proposed related to a work order process in Sage X3, an Enterprise Resource Planning application.

Le problème industriel auquel nous nous intéressons concerne la configuration d'un atelier particulier de la chaîne de fabrication de circuits intégrés. Configurer ce parc de machines revient à choisir quelles machines peuvent traiter quels types de produit en les munissant des ressources adéquates et en faisant les réglages appropriés. La mise en place des ressources et leur maintenance constituent le coût de la configuration. L'objectif est de minimiser ce coût tout en garantissant un délai de fabrication. Par ailleurs, les machines ayant un coût particulièrement élevé, l'industriel souhaite que la demande soit satisfaite en équilibrant la charge de travail sur les différentes machines. Dans le secteur d'activité considéré, la demande est extrêmement variable dans le temps. La configuration doit cependant garantir les performances d'équilibre de la charge malgré les incertitudes : elle doit être robuste. Après avoir modélisé le problème, une méthode basée sur des outils de l'optimisation combinatoire a été proposée et implantée. Des résultats exacts sur des exemples académiques ont été obtenus. Sur des exemples de taille industrielle, des solutions approchées de bonne qualité ont été calculées. Une analyse qualitative des résultats a permis de montrer que notre approche permet de répondre au problème industriel posé.

International audience; Nowadays, more and more the complexity of product has increased. Moreover, product development must meet all costumers' needs. This complexity has required the establishments of different patterns with additional enterprises to complement their skills. However, the definition of the different patterns with heterogeneous knowledge can share information is important to avoid the risk of misinterpretation. So, product requirements must consider all constraints during the product realization. In this way, researches have identified that there are different issues related to requirement analysis and maintenance during the product realisation. In order to cope with these issues, a conceptual approach to formally model the requirements interoperability is proposed in terms of transformations and traceability. Initially, the authors have proposed a characterisation of product to identify the requirements interoperability issues and the results were: (i) domains; (ii) product life cycle; and (iii) product requirements. Based on these characterisation, the conceptual approach used a formal logic descriptions and ontology application to transform requirements written in natural language to requirements written in formal language (mathematical language). As a result, the research presented an overview of the existing gaps in one or more requirements interoperability to cope with the requirements inconsistency problem in multiples perspectives in product development.