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All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) are recognized as high energy density batteries system without safety issues within the next generation of batteries. The development of solid electrolytes is the crucial step of ASSLBs. The composite electrolyte has stable physical and electrochemical characteristics, and its comprehensive performance surpasses the individual solid electrolyte, bringing unique vitality to the solid electrolyte. However, their intrinsic weakness limits the development of composite electrolytes. In this review, we provide a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the challenges and opportunities of composite electrolytes, with special focus on mechanisms of ion transport, nanostructure design towards high ionic conductivity, interfacial issues within electrolytes and electrodes. Furthermore, future development is prospected, which can shed light on researchers in this field and accelerate the industrial production of composite electrolytes.

A regio- and stereoselective electrochemical approach for the selenoalkylation of alkynes with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and diselenides has been developed.

Death caused by excessive blood loss has always been a global concern. Timely control of bleeding in incompressible penetrated wounds remains a great challenge. Here, we developed a shape memory sponge (SQG) based on modified starch and gelatin (Gel) to control the hemorrhage of penetrating wounds. The porous structure of SQG greatly enhanced the absorption of blood, and the adhesion of erythrocytes and platelets. The water absorption rate of SQG reached 1178.72 ± 12.18% in 10 s. SQG quickly recovered its shape in water (∼3 s) and exhibited high mechanical strength (∼38 kPa), acting as a physically packed barrier to facilitate hemostasis. Furthermore, the positively charged sponges were conducive to activating platelets and promoting the release of coagulation factors. SQG sponges possessed the lowest blood coagulation index (BCI) of 21.32 ± 0.19%, and presented good biocompatibility and obvious inhibitory effect on

The cytoplasmic accumulation and aggregates of TARDBP/TDP-43 (TAR DNA binding protein) are a pathological hallmark in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. We previously reported that the primate specific cleavage of TARDBP accounts for its cytoplasmic mislocalization in the primate brains, prompting us to further investigate how the cytoplasmic TARDBP mediates neuropathology. Here we reported that cytoplasmic mutant TARDBP reduced SQSTM1 expression selectively in the monkey brain, when compared with the mouse brain, by inducing SQSTM1 mRNA instability via its binding to the unique 3ʹUTR sequence (GU/UG)n of the primate SQSTM1 transcript. Overexpression of SQSTM1 could diminish the cytoplasmic C-terminal TARDBP accumulation in the monkey brain by augmenting macroautophagy/autophagy activity. Our findings provide additional clues for the pathogenesis of cytoplasmic TARDBP and a potential therapy for mutant TARDBP-mediated neuropathology.

To study the effect of nonuniform heat transfer on the grain structure of shells in molds, a micro and macroscopic model coupling heat transfer with dendritic growth was established based on the measured heat flux. Dendritic growth was modeled by using a cellular automaton technique and by considering solutal transport. The quasi-instantaneous nucleation model was introduced to address heterogeneous nucleation, which might occur at the mold wall and in the bulk of the liquid. The temperature field of the billet under the measured heat flux in the mold was calculated, and the initial solidification process and grain structure evolution of four domains at different angles from the inner arc were simulated. The effect of circumferential nonuniform heat transfer on the grain structure of the chill zone and columnar grains of the shell was discussed in detail. The relationship between the distribution of the primary dendrite spacings in different domains and locally measured heat flux was analyzed.

Huntington disease (HD) is caused by the expansion of CAG triplet repeats in exon 1 of the huntingtin (HTT) gene, which also encodes the first 17 amino acids (N-17) that can modulate the toxicity of the expanded polyQ repeat. N-17 are conserved in a wide range of species and are found to influence the subcellular distribution of mutant Htt. Moreover, N-17 is subject to many posttranslational modifications that may regulate the function, stability, and distribution of HTT. However, the function of Htt exon 1 and its influence on the normal Htt remains to be fully investigated. By investigating a knock-in mouse model that lacks Htt exon1, we found that deletion of Htt exon1 does not affect the survival of mice and differentiation of cultured mouse neurons. Furthermore, the lack of Htt exon 1 does not alter the subcellular distribution of Htt, autophagy protein expression, and global gene transcription in the mouse brain. These results suggest that removing the entire exon 1 of Htt could be a therapeutic approach to eliminate expanded polyQ toxicity.

An element-free Galerkin thermal–mechanical calculation model for the solidification and shrinkage of round billet was established. The non-uniform heat flux measured in the plant trial was used as the boundary condition to simulate and analyze the deformation of solidified shell. The results indicate that the maximum and minimum shrinkages of the round billet at mold outlet are 0.78 and 0.21 mm, respectively, with apparent non-uniform characteristic. The local high-heat-flux region substantially dominates the non-uniformity of shell shrinkage, and the larger shrinkage usually derives from the high heat flux between the solidified shell and the mold in the circumferential direction. Also, the shrinkage on the shell surface has an immediate connection with the equivalent stress. Specifically, the shrinkage is more closely related to the radial stress component than the circumferential stress component.

Huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) is the first identified protein whose function is affected by its abnormal interaction with mutant huntingtin (mHTT), which causes Huntington disease. However, the expression patterns of Hap1 and Htt in the rodent brain are not correlated. Here we found that the primate HAP1, unlike the rodent Hap1, is correlatively expressed with HTT in the primate brains. CRISPR/Cas9 targeting revealed that HAP1 deficiency in the developing human neurons did not affect neuronal differentiation and gene expression as seen in the mouse neurons. However, deletion of HAP1 exacerbated neurotoxicity of mutant HTT in the organotypic brain slices of adult monkeys. These findings demonstrate differential HAP1 expression and function in the mouse and primate brains, and suggest that interaction of HAP1 with mutant HTT may be involved in mutant HTT-mediated neurotoxicity in adult primate neurons.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major subtype of primary liver cancer with a high mortality rate. Pyroptosis and autophagy are crucial processes in the pathophysiology of HCC. Searching for efficient drugs targeting pyroptosis and autophagy with lower toxicity is useful for HCC treatment. Mallotucin D (MLD), a clerodane diterpenoid from

The classification of plug seedling quality plays an active role in enhancing the quality of seedlings. The EfficientNet-B7-CBAM model, an improved convolutional neural network (CNN) model, was proposed to improve classification efficiency and reduce high cost. To ensure that the EfficientNet-B7 model simultaneously learns crucial channel and spatial location information, the convolutional block attention module (CBAM) has been incorporated. To improve the model’s ability to generalize, a transfer learning strategy and Adam optimization algorithm were introduced. A system for image acquisition collected 8,109 images of pepper plug seedlings, and data augmentation techniques improved the resulting data set. The proposed EfficientNet-B7-CBAM model achieved an average accuracy of 97.99% on the test set, 7.32% higher than before the improvement. Under the same experimental conditions, the classification accuracy increased by 8.88–20.05% to classical network models such as AlexNet, VGG16, InceptionV3, ResNet50, and DenseNet121. The proposed method had high accuracy in the plug seedling quality classification task. It was well-adapted to numerous types of plug seedlings, providing a reference for developing a fast and accurate algorithm for plug seedling quality classification.

An electrochemical approach for the site-selective C-H cyanation of indoles employing readily available TMSCN as cyano source has been developed. The electrosynthesis relies on the tris(4-bromophenyl)amine as a redox catalyst, which achieves better yield and regioselectivity. A variety of C2- and C3-cyanated indoles were obtained in satisfactory yields. The reactions are conducted in a simple undivided cell at room temperature and obviate the need for transition-metal reagent and chemical oxidant.

In the numerical calculation of crack propagation for continuous casting billets, mesh-based methods require continuous reconstruction of the mesh to ensure the consistency between the mesh boundaries and the discontinuous crack paths, making computational accuracy and efficiency more difficult to achieve. The present paper develops a calculation model for crack initiation and propagation of continuous casting round billets based on the Element-Free Galerkin method. Specifically, the diffraction criterion is used to modify the weight function in the field function approximation around the discontinuous crack. The direct displacement method is adopted to calculate the stress intensity factors at the crack tips, and the deflection angle of crack propagation is determined by the maximum circumferential stress criterion. The calculation results show that subcutaneous cracks form in the brittle temperature range near the inner arc and outer arc of the round billets. The cracks are located within 2.35 mm from the shell surface and have a length of less than 3 mm. The crack propagation is mainly concentrated at 110 to 300 mm below the meniscus, and the crack propagation velocities approximately 0.33 to 0.35 mm/s. The arbitrary node discretization model developed in this paper has immense potential in crack propagation calculations and provides a powerful tool for the prediction of cracks in continuous casting billets.

Our previous work has established a huntingtin knock-in (KI) pig model that displays striatal neuronal loss, allowing us to examine if somatic CAG expansion in striatum accounts for the preferential neurodegeneration in Huntington disease (HD). We found that HD KI pigs do not display somatic CAG expansion in striatum as HD KI mice and that the majority of polyQ repeats in exon 1 HTT in the striatum of HD KI mice are fairly stable. We also found that striatal MSH2 and MLH3, which are involved in DNA repair, are more abundant in mouse brains than pig brains. Consistently inhibiting MSH2 and MLH3 reduced the somatic CAG expansion in HD KI mouse striatum with no influence on neuropathology. Our findings suggest that somatic CAG expansion is species-dependent, occurs in a small fraction of the HD gene in mice, and does not critically contribute to HD neuropathology.

Background Peptide proteolysis-targeting chimeras (p-PROTACs) with advantages of high specificity and low toxicity have emerged as a powerful technology of targeted protein degradation for biomedical applications. FOXM1, a proliferation-associated transcription factor, is overexpressed in a variety of human tumors as a key driver of tumorigenesis and cancer progression, and is a potential anticancer therapeutic target. However, FOXM1-targeting p-PROTACs has not been researched. Methods Here, we first analyzed the expression of FOXM1, GLUT1 and PD-L1 in liver cancer through database and clinical samples of patients. FOXM1-targeting peptides, selected by screening phage display library, are verified its targeting effect by immunofluorescence and CCK-8 test. The novel p-PROTAC degrader of FOXM1 is chemically synthesis, named FOXM1-PROTAC, by linking a FOXM1-binding antagonistic peptide, with the E3 ubiquitin ligase recruitment ligand Pomalidomide and with the cell membrane penetrating peptide TAT. Its degradation effect on FOXM1 was detected by Western blotting, qPCR, and we verified its effect on the behavior of cancer cells by flow cytometry, scratch assay, and Transwell in vitro. The tumor xenografted mice model was used for evaluating FOXM1-PROTAC therapeutic response in vivo. Finally, we detected the expression of GLUT1 and PD-L1 after FOXM1-PROTAC degraded FOXM1 by using Western Blotting and hippocampal detectors and dual immunofluorescence. Results We found that the novel FOXM1-PROTAC efficiently entered cells and induced degradation of FOXM1 protein, which strongly inhibits viability as well as migration and invasion in various cancer cell lines, and suppressed tumor growth in HepG2 and MDA-MB-231 cells xenograft mouse models, without detected toxicity in normal tissues. Meanwhile, FOXM1-PROTAC decreased the cancer cells glucose metabolism via downregulating the protein expression levels of glucose transporter GLUT1 and the immune checkpoint PD-L1, which suggests involvement of FOXM1 in cancer cell metabolism and immune regulation. Conclusions Our results indicate that biologically targeted degradation of FOXM1 is an attractive therapeutic strategy, and antagonist peptide-containing FOXM1-PROTACs as both degrader and inhibitor of FOXM1 could be developed as a safe and promising drug for FOXM1-overexpressed cancer therapy.

Acquired drug resistance decreases the efficacy of gefitinib after approximately 1 year of treatment in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Autophagy is a process that could lead to cell death when it is prolonged. Thus, we investigated a drug combination therapy of gefitinib with rapamycin—a cell autophagy activator—in gefitinib-resistant NSCLC cell line H1975 to improve the therapeutic efficacy of gefitinib in advanced NSCLC cells through acute cell autophagy induction. Cell viability and tumor formation assays indicated that rapamycin is strongly synergistic with gefitinib inhibition, both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that EGFR expression and cell autophagy decreased under gefitinib treatment and were restored after the drug combination therapy, indicating a potential cell autophagy–EGFR positive feedback regulation. To further optimize the delivery efficiency of the combinational agents, we constructed an anti-EGFR aptamer-functionalized nanoparticle (NP-Apt) carrier system. The microscopic observation and cell proliferation assays suggested that NP-Apt achieved remarkably targeted delivery and cytotoxicity in the cancer cells. Taken together, our results suggest that combining rapamycin and gefitinib can be an efficacious therapy to overcome gefitinib resistance in NSCLC, and targeted delivery of the drugs using the aptamer-nanoparticle carrier system further enhances the therapeutic efficacy of gefitinib.

The lithiophilic Bi-CDs with abundant polar groups preferentially absorb lithium ions and can be homogeneously dispersed in the electrolyte, which will eventually form a smooth plating surface.

When solving the coupled thermal-mechanical problem of the metal solidification, the mesh-based numerical methods suffer from the inconsistency of mesh lines and curved boundaries. Furthermore, the mesh should be continually reconstructed to comply with the interface when dealing with the moving boundary such as phase transition, which brings great difficulties to the numerical calculation. Based on the plane stress assumption, the present work establishes a two-dimensional thermo-elastic-plastic calculation model for continuous casting round billets using the Element-Free Galerkin method, and the correction scheme of elastoplastic transition region has been explored. The results show that the correction scheme has a slight effect on magnitude of the equivalent stress and no impact on the subsequent plastic deformation zone. The elastoplastic transition region of shell surface appears in the range of 100 to 200 mm below the meniscus, and the averaged plastic stress is about 2.27 times of the elastic stress at the mold outlet. Near the interface region of liquid–solid phase exhibits an elastic deformation behavior, while far from the interface region appears plastic deformation in which the elastic stress remains invariable. The Element-Free Galerkin method is discretized by a series of arbitrary nodes, which exhibits high accuracy and great flexibility in dealing with moving interface problems. It provides a powerful approach to calculate and analyze the heat transfer/mechanical behavior with complex geometric boundaries such as round billet, chamfered billet, and beam blank.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Fibromodulin (FMOD) is the main proteoglycan that contributes to extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling by binding to matrix molecules, thereby playing an essential role in tumor growth and metastasis. There are still no useful drugs that target FMOD for CRC treatment in clinics. Here, we first used public whole-genome expression datasets to analyze the expression level of FMOD in CRC and found that FMOD was upregulated in CRC and associated with poor patient prognosis. We then used the Ph.D.-12 phage display peptide library to obtain a novel FMOD antagonist peptide, named RP4, and tested its anti-cancer effects of RP4 in vitro and in vivo. These results showed that RP4 inhibited CRC cell growth and metastasis, and promoted apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo by binding to FMOD. In addition, RP4 treatment affected the CRC-associated immune microenvironment in a tumor model by promoting cytotoxic CD8+ T and NKT (natural killer T) cells and inhibiting CD25+ Foxp3+ Treg cells. Mechanistically, RP4 exerted anti-tumor effects by blocking the Akt and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. This study implies that FMOD is a potential target for CRC treatment, and the novel FMOD antagonist peptide RP4 can be developed as a clinical drug for CRC treatment.

The accurate and rapid detection of cotton seed quality is crucial for safeguarding cotton cultivation. To increase the accuracy and efficiency of cotton seed detection, a deep learning model, which was called the improved ResNet50 (Impro-ResNet50), was used to detect cotton seed quality. First, the convolutional block attention module (CBAM) was embedded into the ResNet50 model to allow the model to learn both the vital channel information and spatial location information of the image, thereby enhancing the model’s feature extraction capability and robustness. The model’s fully connected layer was then modified to accommodate the cotton seed quality detection task. An improved LRelu-Softplus activation function was implemented to facilitate the rapid and straightforward quantification of the model training procedure. Transfer learning and the Adam optimization algorithm were used to train the model to reduce the number of parameters and accelerate the model’s convergence. Finally, 4419 images of cotton seeds were collected for training models under controlled conditions. Experimental results demonstrated that the Impro-ResNet50 model could achieve an average detection accuracy of 97.23% and process a single image in 0.11s. Compared with Squeeze-and-Excitation Networks (SE) and Coordination Attention (CA), the model’s feature extraction capability was superior. At the same time, compared with classical models such as AlexNet, VGG16, GoogLeNet, EfficientNet, and ResNet18, this model had superior detection accuracy and complexity balances. The results indicate that the Impro-ResNet50 model has a high detection accuracy and a short recognition time, which meet the requirements for accurate and rapid detection of cotton seed quality.

In the present study, we aimed to investigate immune-related signatures and immune infiltration in melanoma. The transcriptome profiling and clinical data of melanoma were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, and their matched normal samples were obtained from the Genotype-Tissue Expression database. After merging the genome expression data using Perl, the limma package was used for data normalization. We screened the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and obtained immune signatures associated with melanoma by an immune-related signature list from the InnateDB database. Univariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify potential prognostic immune genes, and LASSO analysis was used to identify the hub genes. Next, based on the results of multivariate Cox regression analysis, we constructed a risk model for melanoma. We investigated the correlation between risk score and clinical characteristics and overall survival (OS) of patients. Based on the TIMER database, the association between selected immune signatures and immune cell distribution was evaluated. Next, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was performed using CIBERSORT, which confirmed the differential distribution of immune-infiltrating cells between different risk groups. We obtained a list of 91 differentially expressed immune-related signatures. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that these immune-related DEGs participated in several areas of immune-related crosstalk, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, JAK–STAT signaling pathway, chemokine signaling pathway, and Th17 cell differentiation pathway. A risk model was established based on multivariate Cox analysis results, and Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed. The Kruskal-Wallis test suggested that a high risk score indicated a poorer OS and correlated with higher American Joint Committee on Cancer-TNM (AJCC-TNM) stages and advanced pathological stages (P<0.01). Furthermore, the association between hub immune signatures and immune cell distribution was evaluated in specific tumor samples. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to estimate immune infiltration density in the two groups, and results showed that the high-risk group exhibited a lower infiltration density, and the dominant immune cells included M0 macrophages (P=0.023) and activated mast cells (P=0.005).

This paper reports a metal-free and external oxidant-free electrochemical method for the C-3 amination of 2H-indazoles. The protocol employs commercially available azoles and aliphatic amines as amination reagents and has a broad substrate scope, providing the corresponding C3-amination products in high yields at room temperature. Mechanistic studies indicate that an oxidative addition/elimination sequence is involved under electrochemical conditions.

A series of N-propargylanilines (0.2 mmol) and sulfinic acids (0.5 mmol) afforded 3-arylsulfonylquinoline derivatives in high yields (70–93%) and low current efficiencies upon electrooxidation. Electrolyses were carried out in a one-compartment cell, under constant current and ambient conditions, in methanol-nBu4NBF4 containing pyridine (0.4 mmol), without any added chemical oxidant. A scale-up electrolysis carried out on 5 mmol of N-propargylaniline 1a gave 3-arylsulfonylquinoline 3aa in 65% yield and 56% current efficiency. A mechanistic hypothesis is presented.

Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based polymer electrolytes are extensively investigated, and they have rapidly developed in all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) over recent years for their good interface contact with electrodes, easy shaping and decent flexibility. However, their low ionic conductivity remains a serious issue to be solved urgently. Researchers have found that the addition of fillers can improve the ionic conductivity via creating more amorphous regions conducive to ion transport in PEO. Here, we adopted waste eggshell as a precursor to prepare a sub-micron filler, which is mainly CaO, and it was added into the PEO electrolyte to get a composite polymer electrolyte. Close contact via Lewis base-acid interaction between CaO and PEO can be obtained, as CaO is an effective filler with strong alkalinity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time it is applied in the PEO electrolyte. The filler significantly decreases the crystallinity of PEO, and hence, boosted ionic conductivity of the composite polymer electrolyte is observed, which is about 4.5 times higher than that of the polymer reference electrolyte. It additionally brings a higher tensile strength along with a more stable electrochemical window (up to 5 V) to the composite electrolyte. Therefore, as expected, the all-solid-state Li/Na battery with this composite electrolyte exhibits long cycling life and excellent rate performances. The corresponding Li/LiFeO4 battery has a stable capacity of 142.8 mA h g−1 at 1C after 200 cycles, and the corresponding solid-state Na/Na3V2(PO4)3 battery gives a reversible capacity of 101.2 mA h g−1 at 0.5C after 100 cycles.

An organocatalytic site-selective electrochemical method for the benzylic C–H amination reactions of alkylarenes with azoles through hydrogen evolution has been developed. The protocol proceeds in an undivided cell under mild conditions and employs 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) as a redox catalyst to generate carbocations, which obviates the need for transition-metal reagents or sacrificial chemical oxidants.

A high chemoselectivity in the visible-light-induced reaction of 2H-indazoles with alcohols controlled by the reaction atmosphere (N2 or O2) was achieved. Under a N2 atmosphere, an alkoxylation of 2H-indazoles with alcohols in the presence of Mes-Acr+ClO4− as a photosensitizer and Selectfluor as an oxidant generated C3-alkoxylated 2H-indazoles in high yields. Under an O2 atmosphere in the absence of Selectfluor, the reaction underwent a ring opening of 2H-indazoles to afford unsymmetrical ortho-alkoxycarbonylated azobenzenes in good yields.

A simple protocol for C2-gem-aryldifluoromethylation of quinoline N-oxides with potassium 2,2-difluoro-2-arylacetates has been developed, affording C2-gem-aryldifluoromethylated quinoline N-oxides bearing different functional groups in moderate to good yields. Moreover, experimental studies reveal that this reaction is likely to proceed through a radical pathway.

A novel and efficient method for preparing exocyclic indan derivatives, with this method involving benzoyl peroxide (BPO)-initiated cyclization of 1,5-enynes having cyano groups with simple cyclic alkanes under microwave irradiation, has been developed. The presented approach showed advantages of simple conditions, an environmentally friendly protocol, good functional-group tolerance, and high yields of products.

Highlights The chemical process of local oxidation–partial reduction–deep coupling for stibnite reduction of carbon dots (CDs) is revealed by in-situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction. Sb2S3@xCDs anode delivers high initial coulombic efficiency in lithium ion batteries (85.2%) and sodium ion batteries (82.9%), respectively. C–S bond influenced by oxygen-rich carbon matrix can restrain the conversion of sulfur to sulfite, well confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization of solid electrolyte interphase layers helped with density functional theory calculations. CDs-induced Sb–O–C bond is proved to effectively regulate the interfacial electronic structure. Abstract The application of Sb2S3 with marvelous theoretical capacity for alkali metal-ion batteries is seriously limited by its poor electrical conductivity and low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE). In this work, natural stibnite modified by carbon dots (Sb2S3@xCDs) is elaborately designed with high ICE. Greatly, chemical processes of local oxidation–partial reduction–deep coupling for stibnite reduction of CDs are clearly demonstrated, confirmed with in situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction. More impressively, the ICE for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is enhanced to 85%, through the effect of oxygen-rich carbon matrix on C–S bonds which inhibit the conversion of sulfur to sulfite, well supported by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization of solid electrolyte interphase layers helped with density functional theory calculations. Not than less, it is found that Sb–O–C bonds existed in the interface effectively promote the electronic conductivity and expedite ion transmission by reducing the bandgap and restraining the slip of the dislocation. As a result, the optimal sample delivers a tremendous reversible capacity of 660 mAh g−1 in LIBs at a high current rate of 5 A g−1. This work provides a new methodology for enhancing the electrochemical energy storage performance of metal sulfides, especially for improving the ICE.

Two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) holds significant promise as an energy storage material, whereas the exfoliation of MoS2 into few-layer from natural molybdenites remains a challenge. An efficient electrochemical strategy was proposed for the preparation of few-layer MoS2 through cationic intercalation. Few-layer MoS2 without the impurity phases was obtained with high yield through Raman mapping analysis, and the intermediate (TBA+) x MoS2 x − was captured by in-situ Raman. Note that the charge transport kinetics of the exfoliated few-layer MoS2 was further enhanced by the introduction of graphene, which could efficiently enhance the Na+ diffusion mobility, alleviate the volume change of MoS2 and stabilize the reaction products. Commendably, the exfoliated MoS2/graphene hybrid shows a reversible specific capacity of 642.8 mA h g−1 at0.1 A g−1, superior rate performance (447.8 and 361.9 mA h g−1 at 1 and 5 A g−1, respectively) and remarkable long-cycle stability with 328.7 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 1000 cycles for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Therefore, this efficient electrochemical exfoliation method can be driven to prepare other few-layer 2D materials for SIBs.

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary lipid levels on growth performance, fatty acid profile and fecundity in the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense. Five isonitrogenous experimental diets were formulated with graded lipid levels [A (5.02%), B (5.98%), C (6.91%), D (7.91%) and E (8.89%) respectively]. The results indicated that the values of body weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and protein retention presented a similar trend of increasing first and then decreased with increasing dietary lipid levels. Furthermore, prawns fed diets containing 6.91% lipid showed the best values on these parameters among all the treatments. EPA, DHA and n‐3/n‐6PUFA contents showed associated increasing with the increase in lipid deposition of prawn muscle. The activities of hepatopancreatic amylase, protease and lipase were also significantly (p

Compared with mesh-based numerical approaches, the meshless methods avoid complex topology and transmission of nodal information, which shows remarkable advantages in solving the problems of phase-transition interface tracking, curved boundary and crack propagation. In this paper, the discrete governing equations of heat transfer/solidification for the round billet are deduced and constructed based on Element-free Galerkin method. Using the measured non-uniform heat flux to impose the Neumann boundary conditions, a 2D cross-section computational model is developed to simulate and investigate the non-uniform solidification behavior of round billet. In the computational model, the essential issues such as time discretization scheme, time step length, nodal arrangement and their effects on the simulation accuracy as well as stability are specified. To verify the influence and flexibility of node layout in the meshless method model, the present work explores a concentric circular nodal arrangement scheme and determines a reasonable range of nodal spacing. The result has revealed that the meshless method could be employed successfully in exploring the non-uniform solidification behavior of continuous casting billet, which provides a foundation for further research on thermo-mechanical and cracks propagation analysis.