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Gender-based violence (GBV), with one out of three women worldwide experiencing violence in their lifetime, has been defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a "global public health problem of epidemic proportions" . During the current COVID-19 pandemic, the WHO and other international authorities have warned about the increased risk of GBV related to more time spent indoors, isolation from social and protective networks, and greater social and economic stress related to both the epidemic and response measures. We report here data from the Italian National Women's Network Against Violence, D.i.Re. The network collects data annually from anti-violence centers which fulfill the Istanbul Convention minimum criteria for specialized service providers.

In the present study, an analysis of precipitation and temperature data has been performed over 67 series observed in a region of southern Italy (Calabria). At first, to detect possible trends in the time series, an analysis was performed with the Mann-Kendall non-parametric test applied at monthly and seasonal scale. An additional investigation, useful for checking the climate change effects on vegetation, has also been included analysing bioclimatic indicators. In particular, Emberger, Rivas-Martinez and De Martonne indices were calculated by using monthly temperature and precipitation data in the period 1916-2010. The spatial pattern of the indices has been evaluated and, in order to link the vegetation and the indices, different indices maps have been intersected with the land cover data, given by the Corine Land Cover (CLC) map. Moreover, the temporal evolution of the indices and of the vegetation has been analysed. Results suggest that climate change may be responsible for the forest cover change, but, given also the good relationship between the various types of bioclimate and forest formations, human activities must be considered.

Le utilizzazioni dei cedui di castagno interessano spesso superfici considerevoli, causando alterazioni nei processi idrici ed effetti sull’erosione e sull’idrologia dei versanti. Inoltre, l’alternanza delle tagliate di diversa dimensione ed eta dei soprassuoli determina un mosaico di aree che contribuiscono in maniera diversa ai processi idrologici ed erosivi dei bacini idrografici. Nell’ambito di queste problematiche, in un bacino boscato del versante orientale della Catena Costiera Cosentina, in Calabria, sono state quantificate le perdite di erosione mediante l’applicazione della USLE in ambiente GIS. Inoltre, sono state analizzate le caratteristiche di distribuzione spaziale e temporale dei processi erosivi, al fine di valutare la compatibilita fra le attuali modalita di utilizzazione dei cedui e la conservazione del suolo. I risultati hanno mostrato che il tipo ed il grado di copertura forestale hanno un ruolo centrale nella determinazione del rischio di erosione. Tuttavia, a scala di bacino le periodiche variazioni di copertura, legate all’attuale regime di utilizzazione, non sembrano alterare significativamente l’efficacia antierosiva delle formazioni indagate. Oltretutto, l’effetto della brusca scopertura del suolo e temporaneo e di breve durata, poiche nell’arco di tre stagioni vegetative la copertura vegetale appare in grado di recuperare le condizioni pregresse in termini di efficienza nei confronti dei processi erosivi.

In this paper sediment yield data, measured from 1978 to 1997 in a small experimental Calabrian basin reafforested with Eucalyptus trees (Eucalyptus occidentalis Engl.), and RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) coupled with a sediment delivery distributed model are used to evaluate the antierosive effects of this forest cover. At first, the soil loss measureinents carried out in two experimental plots, located in the basin, are used to evaluate the crop and management factor C of RUSLE far Eucalyptus coppice. The reliability of the selected C factor value is verified by comparing, at an event scale, the measured and the calculated sediment yield values at the basin outlet. Then, a Monte Carlo technique is used far evaluating the effects of the klowledge uncertainty and the stochastic variability of the model parameters on calculated sediment yield. Finally, at basin scale, the spatial variability of the crop cover is considered in order to estimate the sediment yield corresponding to scenarios having different percentages of the crop cover.

A study on the impact of silvicultural practices on the water balance was carried out in a watershed in Calabria, southern Italy, the prevalent cover of which is Calabrian pine stands. A thinning was carried out in 1993, which removed 50% of the total number of trees (about 30% of the basal area), and the catchment hydrological response before and after the intervention was compared. After thinning, differences were observed in yearly runoff, with a significant increase in groundwater flow during spring and summer. In light of this evidence, we assume that silvicultural interventions can contribute significantly to improve water resources management, particularly in regions with a long dry season, as in the Mediterranean area. Key words: Pinus laricio, runoff, small catchment, thinning, water resources management