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1. Traumatic experiences assessed with the life events checklist for Kenyan adults

Author

Kwobah, EK, Misra, S, Ametaj, AA, Stevenson, A, Stroud, RE, Koenen, KC, Gelaye, B, Kariuki, SM, Newton, CR, and Atwoli, L

Subjects
Adult, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Psychometrics, Case-Control Studies, Humans, Reproducibility of Results, sense organs, Kenya, Article, Checklist
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Life Events Checklist (LEC-5) has been widely used to assess for exposure to potentially traumatic life events (PTEs), but its psychometric properties have not been evaluated in Kenya. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency and types of PTEs within this setting and to examine the construct validity of LEC-5 in Kenya. METHODS: The LEC-5 was administered to 5316 participants in the ongoing multisite case–control study of Neuropsychiatric Genetics of African Populations-Psychosis. We used exploratory factor analysis to assess LEC-5 structure, and conducted confirmatory factor analyses to compare these results with two other models: a six-factor model based on the only prior EFA of the LEC and a theoretical seven-factor model. RESULTS: The majority (63.4% overall and 64.4% of cases and 62.4% of controls) of participants had experienced at least one PTE in their lifetime. Results of the exploratory factor analyses for LEC-5 yielded a seven-factor solution with eigenvalues greater than one, accounting for 55.3% of the common variance. Based on confirmatory factor analyses, all three models had good fit for our sample, but the theoretical seven-factor model had the best fit. LIMITATIONS: The study did not assess if the participants perceived experiences as traumatic, we did not carry out test retest reliability or and we did not consider cultural variations in perception of trauma. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence of a high prevalence of traumatic life events and for the construct validity of LEC-5 in assessing PTE exposures in a Kenyan setting.

Published
2022

2. COP27 climate change conference: Urgent action needed for Africa and the world

Author

Atwoli, L, Erhabor, GE, Gbakima, AA, Haileamlak, A, Ntumba, JMK, Kigera, J, Laybourn-Langton, L, Mash, B, Muhia, J, Mulaudzi, FM, Ofori-Adjei, D, Okonofua, F, Rashidian, A, El-Adawy, M, Sidibé, S, Snouber, A, Tumwine, J, Yassien, MS, Yonga, P, Zakhama, L, and Zielinski, C

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

No Abstract

Published
2023

3. Call for emergency action to limit global temperature increases, restore biodiversity and protect health: Wealthy nations must do much more, much faster: Wealthy nations must do much more, much faster

Author

Atwoli, L., Baqui, A.H., Benfield, T., Bosurgi, R., Godlee, F., Hancocks, S., Horton, R., Laybourn-Langton, L., Monteiro, C.A., Norman, I., Patrick, K., Praities, N., Olde Rikkert, M.G.M., Rubin, E.J., Sahni, P., Smith, R., Talley, N.J., Turale, S., and Vázquez, D.

Subjects
Alzheimer`s disease Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 1]
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 248089.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

Published
2022

4. Increasing diversity in genomics requires investment in equitable partnerships and capacity building

Author

Martin, AR, Stroud, RE, Abebe, T, Akena, D, Alemayehu, M, Atwoli, L, Chapman, SB, Flowers, K, Gelaye, B, Gichuru, S, Kariuki, SM, Kinyanjui, S, Korte, KJ, Koen, N, Koenen, KC, Newton, CRJC, Olivares, AM, Pollock, S, Post, K, Singh, I, Stein, DJ, Teferra, S, Zingela, Z, and Chibnik, LB

Subjects
Capacity Building, Genetics, Genomics
Abstract

Calls for diversity in genomics have motivated new global research collaborations across institutions with highly imbalanced resources. We describe practical lessons we have learned so far from designing multidisciplinary international research and capacity-building programs that prioritize equity in two intertwined programs — the NeuroGAP-Psychosis research study and GINGER training program — spanning institutions in Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa, Uganda and the United States.

Published
2022

7. Call for emergency action to limit global temperature increases, restore biodiversity and protect health

Author

Atwoli, L., Abdullah, H.B., Benfield, T., Bosurgi, R., Godlee, F., Hancocks, S., Horton, R., Laybourn-Langton, L., Monteiro, C.A., Norman, I., Patrick, K., Praities, N., Olde Rikkert, M.G.M., Rubin, E.J., Sahni, P., Smith, R., Talley, N.J., Turale, S., and Vázquez, D.

Subjects
Alzheimer`s disease Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 1]
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 237547.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

Published
2021

8. Call for emergency action to limit global temperature increases, restore biodiversity and protect health

Author

Atwoli, L., Abdullah, H.B., Benfield, T., Bosurgi, R., Godlee, F., Hancocks, S., Horton, R., Laybourn-Langton, L., Monteiro, C.A., Norman, I., Patrick, K., Praities, N., Olde Rikkert, M.G.M., Rubin, E.J., Sahni, P., Smith, R., Talley, N.J., Turale, S., and Vázquez, D.

Subjects
Alzheimer`s disease Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 1]
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 237540.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

Published
2021

9. Call for Emergency Action to Limit Global Temperature Increases, Restore Biodiversity, and Protect Health

Author

Atwoli, L., Baqui, A.H., Benfield, T., Bosurgi, R., Godlee, F., Hancocks, S., Horton, R., Laybourn-Langton, L., Monteiro, C.A., Norman, I., Patrick, K., Praities, N., Olde Rikkert, M.G.M., Rubin, E.J., Sahni, P., Smith, R., Talley, N., Turale, S., and Vázquez, D.

Subjects
Alzheimer`s disease Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 1]
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 237536.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

Published
2021

11. [Call for emergency action to limit global temperature increases, restore biodiversity, and protect health]

Author

Atwoli, L., Baqui, A.H., Benfield, T., Bosurgi, R., Godlee, F., Hancocks, S., Horton, R., Laybourn-Langton, L., Monteiro, C.A., Norman, I., Patrick, K., Praities, N., Olde Rikkert, M.G.M., Rubin, E.J., Sahni, P., Smith, R., Talley, N., Turale, S., and Vázquez, D.

Subjects
Alzheimer`s disease Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 1]
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 244131.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

Published
2021

13. Call for emergency action to limit global temperature increases, restore biodiversity, and protect health

Author

Atwoli, L., Baqui, A.H., Benfield, T., Bosurgi, R., Godlee, F., Hancocks, S., Horton, R., Laybourn-Langton, L., Monteiro, C.A., Norman, I., Patrick, K., Praities, N., Olde Rikkert, M.G.M., Rubin, E.J., Sahni, P., Smith, R., Talley, N.J., Turale, S., and Vázquez, D.

Subjects
Alzheimer`s disease Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 1]
Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext

Published
2021

15. Call for emergency action to limit global temperature increases, restore biodiversity and protect health

Author

Atwoli, L., Abdullah, H.B., Benfield, T., Bosurgi, R., Godlee, F., Hancocks, S., Horton, R., Laybourn-Langton, L., Monteiro, C.A., Norman, I., Patrick, K., Praities, N., Olde Rikkert, M.G.M., Rubin, E.J., Sahni, P., Smith, R., Talley, N.J., Turale, S., and Vázquez, D.

Subjects
Alzheimer`s disease Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 1]
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 237546.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

Published
2021

19. Call for emergency action to limit global temperature increases, restore biodiversity and protect health

Author

Atwoli, L., Baqui, A.H., Benfield, T., Bosurgi, R., Godlee, F., Hancocks, S., Horton, R., Laybourn-Langton, L., Monteiro, C.A., Norman, I., Patrick, K., Praities, N., Olde Rikkert, M.G.M., Rubin, E.J., Sahni, P., Smith, R., Talley, N., Turale, S., and Vázquez, D.

Subjects
Alzheimer`s disease Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 1]
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 237548.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

Published
2021

20. Call for emergency action to limit global temperature increases, restore biodiversity and protect health

Author

Atwoli, L., Abdullah, H.B., Benfield, T., Bosurgi, R., Godlee, F., Hancocks, S., Horton, R., Laybourn-Langton, L., Monteiro, C.A., Norman, I., Patrick, K., Praities, N., Olde Rikkert, M.G.M., Rubin, E.J., Sahni, P., Smith, R., Talley, N.J., Turale, S., and Vázquez, D.

Subjects
Alzheimer`s disease Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 1]
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 237551.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

Published
2021

21. Call for emergency action to limit global temperature increases, restore biodiversity and protect health

Author

Atwoli, L., Baqui, A.H., Benfield, T., Bosurgi, R., Godlee, F., Hancocks, S., Horton, R., Laybourn-Langton, L., Monteiro, C.A., Norman, I., Patrick, K., Praities, N., Olde Rikkert, M.G.M., Rubin, E.J., Sahni, P., Smith, R., Talley, N., Turale, S., and Vázquez, D.

Subjects
Alzheimer`s disease Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 1]
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 237543.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)

Published
2021

22. Posttraumatic stress disorder in the World Mental Health Surveys

Author

Koenen, K. C., Ratanatharathorn, A., Ng, L., McLaughlin, K. A., Bromet, E. J., Stein, D. J., Karam, E. G., Ruscio, A. M., Benjet, C., Scott, K., Atwoli, L., Petukhova, M., Lim, C. C. W., Aguilar-Gaxiola, S., Al-Hamzawi, A., Alonso, J., Bunting, B., Ciutan, M., de Girolamo, G., Degenhardt, L., Gureje, O., Haro, J. M., Huang, Y., Kawakami, N., Lee, S., Navarro-Mateu, F., Pennell, B. E., Piazza Ferrand, Marina Julia, Sampson, N., ten Have, M., Torres, Y., Viana, M. C., Williams, D., Xavier, M., Kessler, R. C., and WHO World Mental Health Survey

Subjects
Male, Epidemiology, psychiatric-disorders, Global Health, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, traumatic, 0302 clinical medicine, lifetime prevalence, national comorbidity survey, Prevalence, Psychology, age-of-onset, Age of Onset, Applied Psychology, Stress Disorders, Violence Research, Psychiatry, education.field_of_study, treatment, Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Posttraumatic stress disorder, Middle Aged, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Anxiety Disorders, Psychiatry and Mental health, trauma, Mental Health, controlled-trial, International, Respondent, Public Health and Health Services, Female, events, Mental Health Services, Adult, predicting ptsd, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, united-states, Population, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#5.01.00 [https], Specialty, dsm-iv disorders, World Health Organization, Vulnerable Populations, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Prevalence of mental disorders, Clinical Research, Behavioral and Social Science, medicine, Humans, Healthcare Disparities, education, Developing Countries, Aged, business.industry, Developed Countries, Prevention, Neurosciences, Mental health, Health Surveys, 030227 psychiatry, Brain Disorders, Good Health and Well Being, Post-Traumatic, Household income, Age of onset, business, sex-differences, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

BackgroundTraumatic events are common globally; however, comprehensive population-based cross-national data on the epidemiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the paradigmatic trauma-related mental disorder, are lacking.MethodsData were analyzed from 26 population surveys in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. A total of 71 083 respondents ages 18+ participated. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview assessed exposure to traumatic events as well as 30-day, 12-month, and lifetime PTSD. Respondents were also assessed for treatment in the 12 months preceding the survey. Age of onset distributions were examined by country income level. Associations of PTSD were examined with country income, world region, and respondent demographics.ResultsThe cross-national lifetime prevalence of PTSD was 3.9% in the total sample and 5.6% among the trauma exposed. Half of respondents with PTSD reported persistent symptoms. Treatment seeking in high-income countries (53.5%) was roughly double that in low-lower middle income (22.8%) and upper-middle income (28.7%) countries. Social disadvantage, including younger age, female sex, being unmarried, being less educated, having lower household income, and being unemployed, was associated with increased risk of lifetime PTSD among the trauma exposed.ConclusionsPTSD is prevalent cross-nationally, with half of all global cases being persistent. Only half of those with severe PTSD report receiving any treatment and only a minority receive specialty mental health care. Striking disparities in PTSD treatment exist by country income level. Increasing access to effective treatment, especially in low- and middle-income countries, remains critical for reducing the population burden of PTSD.

Published
2017

23. Posttraumatic stress disorder associated with unexpected death of a loved one: Cross-national findings from the world mental health surveys

Author

Atwoli L, Stein DJ, King A, Petukhova M, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Alonso J, Bromet EJ, de Girolamo G, Demyttenaere K, Florescu S, Haro JM, Karam EG, Kawakami N, Lee S, Lepine JP, Navarro-Mateu F, O'Neill S, Pennell BE, Piazza M, Posada-Villa J, Sampson NA, Ten Have M, Zaslavsky AM, Kessler RC, and WHO World Mental Health Survey Collaborators

Subjects
cross-national, life events/stress, PTSD, mental disorders, trauma, international, epidemiology, behavioral disciplines and activities
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Unexpected death of a loved one (UD) is the most commonly reported traumatic experience in cross-national surveys. However, much remains to be learned about posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after this experience. The WHO World Mental Health (WMH) survey initiative provides a unique opportunity to address these issues. METHODS: Data from 19 WMH surveys (n = 78,023; 70.1% weighted response rate) were collated. Potential predictors of PTSD (respondent sociodemographics, characteristics of the death, history of prior trauma exposure, history of prior mental disorders) after a representative sample of UDs were examined using logistic regression. Simulation was used to estimate overall model strength in targeting individuals at highest PTSD risk. RESULTS: PTSD prevalence after UD averaged 5.2% across surveys and did not differ significantly between high-income and low-middle income countries. Significant multivariate predictors included the deceased being a spouse or child, the respondent being female and believing they could have done something to prevent the death, prior trauma exposure, and history of prior mental disorders. The final model was strongly predictive of PTSD, with the 5% of respondents having highest estimated risk including 30.6% of all cases of PTSD. Positive predictive value (i.e., the proportion of high-risk individuals who actually developed PTSD) among the 5% of respondents with highest predicted risk was 25.3%. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence and meaningful risk of PTSD make UD a major public health issue. This study provides novel insights into predictors of PTSD after this experience and suggests that screening assessments might be useful in identifying high-risk individuals for preventive interventions.

Published
2017

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