21 results on '"Aude Vialatte"'
Search Results
2. Natural enemies emerging in cereal fields in spring may contribute to biological control
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Axelle Tortosa, Rémi Duflot, Justine Rivers‐Moore, Sylvie Ladet, Diane Esquerré, and Aude Vialatte
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maaperä ,hyötyhyönteiset ,potential predation ,torjunta-aineet ,Forestry ,airborne compartment ,luonnon monimuotoisuus ,peltoviljely ,overwintering ,talvehtiminen ,beneficial insects ,ground compartment ,Insect Science ,landscape heterogeneity ,soil management ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,pesticide ,biologinen torjunta - Abstract
1.Biological pest control is known to depend on landscape heterogeneity. However, such relationship shows irregular pattern and seems influenced by local farming practices and natural enemies that overwinter within crop fields. The objective of this study was to assess the contribution of emerging natural enemies in spring to biological control, and their response to the interaction between landscape heterogeneity and farming intensity. 2.We monitored the overwintering insect community using emergence traps and measured the local potential pest predation using prey cards in 30 cereal fields, in spring in France. Study fields were selected along a landscape heterogeneity gradient and farming practices were recorded. 3.None of the ten emerging taxa influenced predation of lepidopteran eggs or weed seeds. On the ground, aphid predation was positively correlated with emerging carabid beetles. In foliage, aphid predation was negatively correlated with emerging parasitoids. Overall, the community of natural enemies that overwinter within crop fields seemed to benefit from lower crop diversity and higher edge density in combination with higher farming intensities. This suggest that they represent a subset of species adapted to. This study highlights a large broad taxonomic panel of emerging natural enemies and their potential local pest predation. peerReviewed more...
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- 2022
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3. Agroecological crop protection for sustainable agriculture
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Jean-Philippe Deguine, Jean-Noël Aubertot, Stéphane Bellon, François Côte, Pierre-Eric Lauri, Françoise Lescourret, Alain Ratnadass, Eric Scopel, Nadine Andrieu, Paolo Bàrberi, Nathalie Becker, Jérémy Bouyer, Thierry Brévault, Claire Cerdan, Anne-Marie Cortesero, Olivier Dangles, Hélène Delatte, Phuong Thi Yen Dinh, Hans Dreyer, Michel Duru, Rica Joy Flor, Antoine Gardarin, Olivier Husson, Maxime Jacquot, Aurélie Javelle, Eric Justes, Mai Thi Xuan Lam, Marie Launay, Vang Van Le, Sandrine Longis, José Martin, Nicolas Munier-Jolain, Nga Thi Thu Nguyen, Truc Thi Ngoc Nguyen, Servane Penvern, Sandrine Petit, Anne-Sophie Poisot, Marie-Hélène Robin, Bernard Rolland, Adrien Rusch, Eric Sabourin, Hervé Sanguin, Jean-Pierre Sarthou, Mathilde Sester, Sylvaine Simon, Jean-Michel Sourisseau, Christian Steinberg, Marc Tchamitchian, Alexis Thoumazeau, Anaïs Tibi, Florent Tivet, Philippe Tixier, Xuan Thi Trinh, Aude Vialatte, Kris Wyckhuys, and Jay Ram Lamichhane more...
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- 2023
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4. Landscape floral resources provided by rapeseed correlate with next-year reproduction of cavity-nesting pollinators in a national participatory monitoring program
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Victor Van der Meersch, Emmanuelle Porcher, Magali San Cristobal, Aude Vialatte, Olivier Billaud, Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers (DYNAFOR), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) more...
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0106 biological sciences ,pollination ,Rapeseed ,Reproduction (economics) ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Participatory monitoring ,mass-flowering crops ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Pollinator ,citizen science ,agriculture ,biodiversity ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,2. Zero hunger ,Ecology ,Osmia ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,15. Life on land ,floral resources ,Geography ,Nesting (computing) ,solitary bees ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Landscape ecology - Abstract
International audience; Context: Wild pollinators depend on floral resources available in the landscape, partly provided by mass flowering crops (MFCs), such as rapeseed or sunflower. MFCs are however often grown conventionally, implying insecticide use, with potential negative effects on pollinators.Objectives: To understand whether and to what extent these crops could contribute to the maintenance of pollinator populations, we investigated the inter-annual correlation between MFC resources and the reproduction of cavity-nesting pollinators (solitary bees and wasps) at a national scale.Methods: We studied a standardized citizen science dataset, in which farmers collected data on the abundance of sealed tubes in trap nests, between 2012 and 2017, in nearly 600 fields distributed across France. We modelled the relation between nesting and landscape resources of the current and previous year, taking local farming practices into account.Results: Pollinator nesting was positively correlated with the quantity of rapeseed floral resources the year preceding observations, as well as with the area of permanent meadows. On the contrary, we found more variable relations with sunflower floral resources, depending on the type of sealing material, hence likely on the phenology of pollinators. Our models also confirm that local practices should be accounted for when assessing the influence of the landscape context, although their effects were difficult to interpret.Conclusions: Solitary bee and wasp reproduction is likely to be positively and durably affected by rapeseed cover. Moderate areas of rapeseed may help maintain pollinators, in combination with semi-natural habitats, which provide more diverse and stable food and nesting sites. more...
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- 2021
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5. Converting cropping systems into seasonal habitat functionality reveals the hump-shaped responses of carabid beetles to agricultural management
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Lucile Muneret, Benoit Ricci, Aude Vialatte, Stéphanie Aviron, Chantal Ducourtieux, Luc Biju-Duval, and Sandrine Petit
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Understanding effects on the huge diversity of cropping systems on local biodiversity is challenging but necessary to implement agroecological systems. Through a functional approach, the translation of cropping systems into resource and disturbance gradients is promising to decipher the relationship between cropping systems and biodiversity but has never been implemented for arthropods.To investigate contributions of resource and disturbance gradients arising from cropping systems vs environmental context (regional effect, meteorological conditions and landscape characteristics) on beneficial arthropod communities, we used a dataset collected in 60 crop fields from three French areas over a five-years period. It includes all farmers interventions, crop sequences, meteorological data, landscape composition and carabid samplings.We found that the environmental context contributed to about 75% of explained carabid variations on average, while resource and disturbance gradients contributed to about 25% of explained carabid variations. The resource and disturbance gradients were particularly important in winter and spring preceding the spring-summer period to determine carabid variations.Moreover, we identified thresholds above which resource and disturbance gradients start being beneficial or detrimental for carabids. For example, a Treatment Frequency Index above 2.07 in spring decreased the total activity density of carabids during the spring-summer period.Synthesis and application. While implementing for the first time a functional approach to understand the effects of different facets of cropping systems on arthropods, our study also allows us to identify periods and thresholds above which specific practices affect carabids. The identification of such thresholds can guide the provision of recommendations for policy, stakeholders and farmers about how to reduce cropping systems’ impact on arthropods. more...
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- 2022
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6. Diverse agricultural landscapes increase bat activity and diversity: Implications for biological pest control
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Axelle Tortosa, Brice Giffard, Luc Barbaro, Jérémy S.P. Froidevaux, Sylvie Ladet, Jeanne Delhommel, and Aude Vialatte
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Ecology ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Published
- 2023
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7. Building capacities for the design of agroecological landscapes: The added-value of Landscape Monitoring Networks
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Sandrine Petit, Audrey Alignier, Roland Allart, Stéphanie Aviron, Hugues Boussard, Pierre Franck, Caroline Gibert, Sylvie Ladet, Claire Lavigne, Lou Lecuyer, Maxime Moncamp, Lucile Muneret, Sylvain Poggi, Benoit Ricci, Adrien Rusch, Aude Vialatte, and Juliette Young more...
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Ecology ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Published
- 2023
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8. Data from: Landscape floral resources provided by rapeseed correlate with next-year reproduction of cavity-nesting pollinators in a national participatory monitoring program
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Victor Van der Meersch, Olivier Billaud, Magali San Cristobal, Aude Vialatte, and Emmanuelle Porcher
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pollinator ,citizen science ,landscape ,agriculture - Abstract
Dataset used in: Van der Meersch et al. (2021). "Landscape floral resources provided by rapeseed correlate with next-year reproduction of cavity-nesting pollinators in a national participatory monitoring program". Landscape Ecology. EML format, built with the help of MetaShARK tool (UMS Patrimoine Naturel, MNHN). more...
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- 2021
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9. Inconsistent responses of conservation biocontrol to landscape structure: new insights from a network-based review
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Nirina Ratsimba, Aude Vialatte, Claude Monteil, Hazel R. Parry, Olivier Therond, Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers (DYNAFOR), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement - Antenne Colmar (LAE-Colmar ), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecosci Precinct, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), and Metaprogram EcoServ from INRAE more...
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0106 biological sciences ,agroecology ,Sociology of scientific knowledge ,Computer science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Scientific literature ,Ontology (information science) ,natural enemies ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Ecosystem services ,temperate climate ,Pest Control, Biological ,network analysis ,Ecosystem ,media_common ,Trophic level ,2. Zero hunger ,[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment ,Ecology ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Ambiguity ,Biodiversity ,15. Life on land ,Data science ,Variety (cybernetics) ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,crop pests ,ecosystem services ,Network analysis - Abstract
International audience; Conservation biological control (CBC) has been an active research topic for the last two decades and is now one of the key ways being explored to develop agroecological production systems. Using broad concepts and indicators, recent reviews and meta-analyses have highlighted major inconsistencies in the responses of CBC to landscape structure, revealing their context-dependent nature. To decipher these relations, we reviewed the scientific literature (50 articles) using (1) an original ontology allowing us to navigate across the different terms and concepts used in this literature and (2) a network-based methodology to describe the scattering, completeness, and generalizability of scientific knowledge on CBC. An interactive version of this network is available online. Our results highlight the strong information scattering caused by the variety of indicators used to describe both landscape structure and CBC. We observe trade-offs between the use of coarse concepts classically used in meta-analysis (e.g., landscape complexity) and the non-convergence of results (ambiguity). The network analysis points out consistently less information ambiguity when considering sub-networks focused on trophic chains than in the full information network, without losing connectance. We suggest that effects of landscape structure may be different between trophic chains because of specific selection pressures associated with cropping systems. Our novel review procedure offers a relatively simple but powerful complementary approach to classical meta-analysis to explore ecological patterns. It highlights that crop trophic chain probably represents the adequate ecological unit to investigate the landscape-CBC relationship. Designing pest suppressive landscapes while favoring farmland biodiversity will imply considering multiple crop trophic chains responding differently to landscape structure. Therefore, we recommend assessing the level of CBC at both crop field and landscape scales to inform decisions on the best individual or collective strategy to adopt. more...
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- 2021
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10. Farming intensity indirectly reduces crop yield through negative effects on agrobiodiversity and key ecological functions
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Rémi Duflot, Magali San-Cristobal, Emilie Andrieu, Jean-Philippe Choisis, Diane Esquerré, Sylvie Ladet, Annie Ouin, Justine Rivers-Moore, David Sheeren, Clélia Sirami, Mathieu Fauvel, Aude Vialatte, Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers (DYNAFOR), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux (UMR SELMET), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), This work was supported by the MUESLI project funded by IDEX ATS Toulouse (Initiative D’EXcellence, Toulouse INP, France) and the SECOMOD project funded by the Metaprogram ECOSERV (INRAE, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’alimentation et l’Environnement, France)., École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) more...
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tuotto ,conservation biological control ,PLS-PM ,conventional farming ,03 medical and health sciences ,Conventional farming ,Ecosystem services ,tehomaatalous ,maanviljely ,030304 developmental biology ,[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment ,2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,Ecology ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,15. Life on land ,Prey cards ,biodiversiteetti ,ekosysteemipalvelut ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,agroekologia ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,prey cards ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Conservation biological control ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Agroecology ,biologinen torjunta - Abstract
International audience; Farming intensity and landscape heterogeneity influence agrobiodiversity and associated ecological functions. The relative contributions of these agroecosystem components to agricultural production remain unclear because of inter-relations and weather-dependant variations. Using a structural equation modelling approach, we estimated direct and indirect contributions of farming intensity (soil management, pesticide use and fertilisation) and landscape heterogeneity (of semi-natural covers and crop mosaic) to cereal crop production, in 54 fields (mostly wheat), in two years (24 and 30 fields). Indirect effects were evaluated through agrobiodiversity (carabid and plant communities) and ecological functions (pollination and pest control). In 2016, farming intensity had the largest direct positive effect on cereal crop yield, followed by agrobiodiversity (74% of the farming intensity impact) and ecological functions. However, the direct benefits of farming intensity were halved due to negative indirect effects, as farming intensity negatively affected within-field biodiversity and ecological functions. Overall, agrobiodiversity and farming intensity had equal net contributions to cereal crop yields, while heterogeneity of the crop mosaic enhanced biodiversity. In 2017, neither higher farming intensity nor agrobiodiversity and ecological functions could lift cereal production, which suffered from unfavourable meteorological conditions. Semi-natural habitats supported agrobiodiversity. Our study suggests that a reduction of farming intensity combined with higher heterogeneity of crop mosaic can enhance the benefits of ecological functions towards crop production. Semi-natural covers seem to play an essential role in the face of climatic events, by supporting agrobiodiversity and the potential resilience of the agroecosystem functioning. more...
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- 2022
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11. Spatiotemporal dynamics of the agricultural landscape mosaic drives distribution and abundance of dominant carabid beetles
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Manuel Plantegenest, Vincent Bretagnolle, Isabelle Badenhausser, Gaël Caro, Bertrand Gauffre, Paul Miguet, Aude Vialatte, Ronan Marrec, Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Environment and Agronomy [France], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé [France] (USC 1339 INRA), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT], ANR-09-STRA-05, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR-09-STRA-0005,LANDSCAPHPID,Influence du paysage sur les pucerons ravageurs des cultures et le potentiel de contrôle biologique - Application à l'ingénierie écologique pour la gestion des ravageurs(2009), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INRA-CEBC, Biologie des organismes et des populations appliquées à la protection des plantes (BIO3P), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), and Ministère de l'agriculture more...
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0106 biological sciences ,Winter cereal ,oilseed rape ,poecilus cupreus ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Population ,Poecilus cupreus ,multi-scale framework ,dilutionconcentration processes ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,anchomenus dorsalis ,crop rotation ,Abundance (ecology) ,education ,landscape dynamics ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,2. Zero hunger ,education.field_of_study ,Ecology ,Anchomenus dorsalis ,biology ,landscape composition ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,Spatial heterogeneity ,Geography ,Habitat ,Agronomy ,temporal redistribution ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Landscape ecology ,resource concentration - Abstract
International audience; Context Agroecosystems are dynamic, with yearly changing proportions of crops. Explicit consideration of this temporal heterogeneity is required to decipher population and community patterns but remains poorly studied. Objectives We evaluated the impact on the activity-density of two dominant carabid species (Poecilus cupreus and Anchomenus dorsalis) of (1) local crop, current year landscape composition, and their interaction, and (2) inter-annual changes in landscape composition due to crop rotations. Methods Carabids were sampled using pitfall-traps in 188 fields of winter cereals and oilseed rape in three agricultural areas of western France contrasting in their spatial heterogeneity. We summarized landscape composition in the current and previous years in a multi-scale perspective, using buffers of increasing size around sampling locations. Results Both species were more abundant in oilseed rape, and in landscapes with a higher proportion of oilseed rape in the previous year. P. cupreus abundance was negatively influenced by oilseed rape proportion in the current year landscape in winter cereals and positively by winter cereal proportion in oilseed rape. A. dorsalis was globally impacted at finer scales than P. cupreus. Conclusions Resource concentration and dilution-concentration processes jointly appear to cause transient dynamics of population abundance and distribution among habitat patches. Inter-patch movements across years appear to be key drivers of carabids’ survival and distribution, in response to crop rotation. Therefore, the explicit consideration of the spatiotemporal dynamics of landscape composition can allow future studies to better evidence ecological processes behind observed species patterns and help developing new management strategies. more...
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- 2017
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12. Chapitre 2. La biodiversité dans des paysages spatialement et temporellement hétérogènes
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Audrey Alignier, Jane Lecomte, Françoise Burel, Thomas Delattre, Aude Ernoult, and Aude Vialatte
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Geography - Published
- 2019
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13. Biotic predictors complement models of bat and bird responses to climate and tree diversity in European forests
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Luc Barbaro, Monique Carnol, Julia Koricheva, Kris Verheyen, Hans De Wandeler, Bastien Castagneyrol, Hervé Jactel, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Fons van der Plas, Yohan Charbonnier, Aude Vialatte, Evy Ampoorter, Bart Muys, Christian Kerbiriou, Marc Deconchat, Pallieter De Smedt, Isabelle Le Viol, Eric Allan, Harriet Milligan, Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Plant Ecology Group, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Forest & Nature Laboratory, Department of Forest and Water Management, Ghent University, Biodiversité, Gènes et Communautés, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), CESCO, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université Paris-Sorbonne (UP4), School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London (RHUL), UMR 1201 Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers, Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Laboratory of Plant and Microbial Ecology, Institute of Plant Biology B22, Faculty of Biology, Geobotany, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Department of Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Leipzig University, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers (DYNAFOR), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) more...
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0106 biological sciences ,earthworms ,Biology ,Environment ,Forests ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Models, Biological ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Birds ,spiders ,Abundance (ecology) ,Chiroptera ,Forest ecology ,Animals ,Ecosystem ,General Environmental Science ,Trophic level ,trophic interactions ,Biotic component ,defoliating insects ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Species diversity ,General Medicine ,Biodiversity ,15. Life on land ,functional diversity ,Europe ,Habitat ,13. Climate action ,Species evenness ,ungulate browsing ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences - Abstract
Bats and birds are key providers of ecosystem services in forests. How climate and habitat jointly shape their communities is well studied, but whether biotic predictors from other trophic levels may improve bird and bat diversity models is less known, especially across large bioclimatic gradients. Here, we achieved multi-taxa surveys in 209 mature forests replicated in six European countries from Spain to Finland, to investigate the importance of biotic predictors (i.e. the abundance or activity of defoliating insects, spiders, earthworms and wild ungulates) for bat and bird taxonomic and functional diversity. We found that nine out of 12 bird and bat diversity metrics were best explained when biotic factors were added to models including climate and habitat variables, with a mean gain in explained variance of 38% for birds and 15% for bats. Tree functional diversity was the most important habitat predictor for birds, while bats responded more to understorey structure. The best biotic predictors for birds were spider abundance and defoliating insect activity, while only bat functional evenness responded positively to insect herbivory. Accounting for potential biotic interactions between bats, birds and other taxa of lower trophic levels will help to understand how environmental changes along large biogeographical gradients affect higher-level predator diversity in forest ecosystems. more...
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- 2019
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14. Migration and dispersal may drive to high genetic variation and significant genetic mixing: the case of two agriculturally important, continental hoverflies (Episyrphus balteatus and Sphaerophoria scripta)
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Manuel Plantegenest, Lucie Raymond, Aude Vialatte, Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), ANR-09-STRA-0005,LANDSCAPHPID,Influence du paysage sur les pucerons ravageurs des cultures et le potentiel de contrôle biologique - Application à l'ingénierie écologique pour la gestion des ravageurs(2009), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST more...
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0106 biological sciences ,Genotype ,Pollination ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Population ,Population genetics ,migration ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,microsatellites ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Genetics ,Animals ,Cluster Analysis ,Beneficial insects ,education ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Genetic diversity ,education.field_of_study ,Models, Genetic ,biology ,Ecology ,Diptera ,adaptation capabilities ,Genetic Variation ,population genetics ,Agriculture ,Bayes Theorem ,aphidophagous hoverflies ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,Sphaerophoria scripta ,Europe ,Genetics, Population ,13. Climate action ,Episyrphus balteatus ,Biological dispersal ,Animal Migration ,ecosystem services ,Animal Distribution ,Microsatellite Repeats - Abstract
International audience; Population structure of pests and beneficial species is an important issue when designing management strategies to optimize ecosystem services. In this study, we investigated for the first time the population structure at a continental scale of two migratory species of hoverflies providing both pest regulation and pollination services [Episyrphus balteatus and Sphaerophoria scripta (Diptera: Syrphidae)]. To achieve this objective, we used two sets of 12 species-specific microsatellite markers on a large-scale sampling from all over Europe. Our findings showed a high level of genetic mixing resulting in a lack of genetic differentiation at a continental scale and a great genetic diversity in the two species. All the pairwise F-ST values between European localities were less 0.05 in the two species. These low values reflect a large-scale genetic mixing probably caused by the existence of frequent migratory movements in the two species. Mantel tests revealed isolation-by-distance pattern on the East-West axis, but not on the North-South axis. This isolation-by-distance pattern confirms the existence of North-South migratory movements in both directions and suggests an important step by step dispersal. Population features shown by this study are common in invasive species and pests, but are not often observed in beneficial species. They reflect great colonization abilities and a high adaptive potential when dealing with a changing environment. Our results highlight the two studied species as particularly interesting beneficial insects for pollination and pest predation in the current context of global change. more...
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- 2013
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15. Phytophagy on phylogenetically isolated trees: why hosts should escape their relatives
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Aude Vialatte, Andreas Prinzing, Frédéric Jean, Richard I. Bailey, Chloe Vasseur, Xavier Vitrac, Benjamin Yguel, and N. Denise Tosh
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0106 biological sciences ,0303 health sciences ,Herbivore ,Phylogenetic tree ,Ecology ,Host (biology) ,education ,Niche ,Species diversity ,15. Life on land ,Macroevolution ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Fagaceae ,03 medical and health sciences ,Phylogenetics ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
Hosts belonging to the same species suffer dramatically different impacts from their natural enemies. This has been explained by host neighbourhood, that is, by surrounding host-species diversity or spatial separation between hosts. However, even spatially neighbouring hosts may be separated by many million years of evolutionary history, potentially reducing the establishment of natural enemies and their impact. We tested whether phylogenetic isolation of oak hosts from neighbouring trees within a forest canopy reduces phytophagy. We found that an increase in phylogenetic isolation by 100 million years corresponded to a 10-fold decline in phytophagy. This was not due to poorer living conditions for phytophages on phylogenetically isolated oaks. Neither species diversity of neighbouring trees nor spatial distance to the closest oak affected phytophagy. We suggest that reduced pressure by natural enemies is a major advantage for individuals within a host species that leave their ancestral niche and grow among distantly related species. more...
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- 2011
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16. Can deuterium stable isotope values be used to assign the geographic origin of an auxiliary hoverfly in south-western France?
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Aude Vialatte, M. Coulon, A. J. Hamilton, Noelline Tsafack, Annie Ouin, S. Ponsard, Jean-Pierre Sarthou, and Philippe Menozzi
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0106 biological sciences ,biology ,Range (biology) ,Chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Wildlife ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,Latitude ,010602 entomology ,Mediterranean sea ,Episyrphus balteatus ,Hoverfly ,14. Life underwater ,Physical geography ,Precipitation ,Spectroscopy ,Isotope analysis - Abstract
Deuterium δD isotopic analysis is increasingly being used to trace wildlife movement, and undoubtedly has much to offer in this respect, but questions still remain as to the feasibility and practicality of the method in ecology. Here we report our attempt to determine the geographic origin of an auxiliary hoverfly, Episyrphus balteatus, in south-western France. We used quantile regression to calculate the minimum separation distance, based on the International Atomic Energy Agency/World Meteorological Organization (IAEA/WMO) data, at which two insects could be said to originate from different latitudes with a given degree of confidence. We collected larvae in spring 2007 and 2009 to obtain the δD signal of indigenous hoverflies and we trapped adults during one complete year (from Dec. 2006 to Nov. 2007). The smallest separation distance calculated was about 1400 km in western Europe. Our results revealed greater variability in δD of adults in autumn than in spring. From this we infer an autumnal migration. Because of the presence of mountains and the Mediterranean Sea, the δD gradient in precipitation in western Europe is less clear than on the American continent, where it has been used successfully to infer geographical origins of animals under certain conditions. Despite the complications encountered in Europe, the minimum separation distance model proved a useful first step to obtain a first range of possible origins of E. balteatus and the application of the model to other arthropod species in Europe warrants investigation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. more...
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- 2011
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17. Improvement of Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV detection in single aphids using a fluorescent real time RT-PCR
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Aude Vialatte, Lucie Mieuzet, Frédéric Fabre, Christine Kervarrec, Emmanuel Jacquot, Gérard Riault, Biologie des organismes et des populations appliquées à la protection des plantes (BIO3P), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST more...
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BARLEY YELLOW DWARF VIRUS ,0106 biological sciences ,plante céréaliere ,Virologie ,01 natural sciences ,BYDV-PAV ,VIRULIFEROUS APHIDS ,Plant Viruses ,TAQMAN PROBE ,Taq Polymerase ,REAL-TIME PCR ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,0303 health sciences ,Aphid ,biology ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,food and beverages ,3. Good health ,Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ,méthode de détection ,Real-time polymerase chain reaction ,Barley yellow dwarf ,[SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology ,RNA, Viral ,insecte vecteur ,acide nucléique ,hordeum vulgare ,Molecular Sequence Data ,RT-PCR ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,virus ,Luteoviridae ,orge ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Virus ,03 medical and health sciences ,VIRUS QUANTITATION ,Virology ,Luteovirus ,TaqMan ,Animals ,Fluorescent Dyes ,Plant Diseases ,030304 developmental biology ,virus phytopathogène ,Base Sequence ,Hordeum ,biology.organism_classification ,Molecular biology ,Aphids ,Nucleic acid ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
One of the major factors determining the incidence of Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) on autumn-sown cereals is the viruliferous state of immigrant winged aphids. This variable is assessed routinely using the enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). However, the threshold for virus detection by ELISA can lead to false negative results for aphids carrying less than 10(6) particles. Although molecular detection techniques enabling the detection of lower virus quantities in samples are available, the relatively laborious sample preparation and data analysis have restricted their use in routine applications. A gel-free real-time one-step reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) protocol is described for specific detection and quantitation of BYDV-PAV, the most widespread BYDV species in Western Europe. This new assay, based on TaqMan technology, detects and quantifies from 10(2) to 10(8) BYDV-PAV RNA copies. This test is 10 and 10(3) times more sensitive than the standard RT-PCR and ELISA assays published previously for BYDV-PAV detection and significantly improves virus detection in single aphids. Extraction of nucleic acids from aphids using either phenol/chloroform or chelatin resin-based protocols allow the use of pooled samples or of a small part (up to 1/1600th) of a single aphid extract for efficient BYDV-PAV detection. more...
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- 2003
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18. Phytophagy on phylogenetically isolated trees: why hosts should escape their relatives
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Benjamin, Yguel, Richard, Bailey, N Denise, Tosh, Aude, Vialatte, Chloé, Vasseur, Xavier, Vitrac, Frederic, Jean, and Andreas, Prinzing
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Plant Leaves ,Quercus ,Animals ,Biodiversity ,France ,Herbivory ,Microclimate ,Environment ,Biological Evolution ,Ecosystem ,Phylogeny ,Trees - Abstract
Hosts belonging to the same species suffer dramatically different impacts from their natural enemies. This has been explained by host neighbourhood, that is, by surrounding host-species diversity or spatial separation between hosts. However, even spatially neighbouring hosts may be separated by many million years of evolutionary history, potentially reducing the establishment of natural enemies and their impact. We tested whether phylogenetic isolation of oak hosts from neighbouring trees within a forest canopy reduces phytophagy. We found that an increase in phylogenetic isolation by 100 million years corresponded to a 10-fold decline in phytophagy. This was not due to poorer living conditions for phytophages on phylogenetically isolated oaks. Neither species diversity of neighbouring trees nor spatial distance to the closest oak affected phytophagy. We suggest that reduced pressure by natural enemies is a major advantage for individuals within a host species that leave their ancestral niche and grow among distantly related species. more...
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- 2011
19. Tracing individual movements of aphids reveals preferential routes of population transfers in agroecosystems
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Manuel Plantegenest, Charles-Antoine Dedryver, Aude Vialatte, Jean-Christophe Simon, Frédéric Fabre, Biologie des organismes et des populations appliquées à la protection des plantes (BIO3P), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) more...
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Integrated pest management ,Crops, Agricultural ,Sitobion avenae ,stable-isotope ratios ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Population ,Population biology ,Biology ,Zea mays ,Crop ,aphid movement ,[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems ,Animals ,education ,Ecosystem ,RELATION HOTE-PARASITE ,2. Zero hunger ,education.field_of_study ,insect migration ,landscape ecology ,Ecology ,Host (biology) ,[SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology ,INSECTE ,pest management ,Habitat ,Agronomy ,Aphids ,Insect migration ,host specialization ,land-use changes - Abstract
International audience; Agricultural pests are not restricted to crops, but often simultaneously or successively use different cultivated and uncultivated hosts. Nevertheless, the source-sink role of cultivated and uncultivated habitats in the life cycle of crop pests remains poorly understood. This is largely due to the difficulty of tracking displacements of small organisms in agricultural landscapes. We used stable-isotope ratios in order to infer the natal host plant of individuals of the English grain aphid Sitobion avenae colonizing wheat fields in autumn. We showed that among the numerous plant sources of S. avenae, maize, which has been intensively grown in western France since the 1960s, provided most aphids that attack wheat fields early in autumn. This study illustrates how insect pests respond to land-use changes within a relatively short period of time, rapidly acquiring a new host that in turn affected their population biology considerably by playing a pivotal role on their annual life cycle more...
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- 2006
20. Disentangling local agronomic practices from agricultural landscape effects on pest biological control
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Pierre Franck, Benoit Ricci, Audrey Alignier, Stéphanie Aviron, Luc Biju-Duval, Jean-Charles Bouvier, Jean-Philippe Choisis, Alexandre Joannon, Sylvie Ladet, Claire Lavigne, Florian Mézerette, Manuel Plantegenest, Gérard Savary, Cecile Thomas, Aude Vialatte, Sandrine Petit, Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Biodiversité agroécologie et aménagement du paysage (UMR BAGAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Bärbel Gerowitt, Felix Bianchi, Graham Begg, Daniela Lupi, Camilla Moonen, Mark Ramsden, Paul van Rijn and Han Zhang., Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and EL Mjiyad, Noureddine more...
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[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,pesticide treatments ,aphid ,moth egg ,conservation biological control ,fungi ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,food and beverages ,landscape complexity ,agricultural practices ,predation ,seed ,sentinel prey - Abstract
International audience; The biological control of crop pests is a valuable service provided by various beneficial organisms that are naturally present in agricultural landscapes. Semi-natural habitats has long been recognized as essential to preserve beneficial insects, but proof of their efficiency to enhance biological control of pests remains non conclusive. Here, we examined the variability of landscape effect on biological pest control and the way local agronomic practices may modulate it. Biological pest control was monitored in 80 commercial fields (arable crops and orchards) during three consecutive years in four contrasting French agricultural landscapes distributed along a double gradient of pesticide use and landscape complexity measured in a 1 km2 area centred on each field. Biocontrol efficacy in each field was assessed using three types of sentinel preys (weed seeds, moth eggs, and aphids). The effects of landscape simplification, pesticide use intensity and their interaction on the predation of each sentinel prey were analysed using generalised linear mixed models. At local level, the intensity of pesticide use reduced the predation of weed seeds and aphids. At landscape level, the proportion of the monitored crop reduced the predation of weed seeds and moth eggs. Finally, significant interactions between local and landscape factors were detected for each sentinel prey: (i) the predation of moth eggs was negatively influenced by landscape simplification at low pesticide use intensity only, whereas the effect was positive at high pesticide use intensity; (ii) aphid predation significantly decreased with increasing crop-wood interface length and proportion of meadow, but only at high pesticide use intensity; (iii) weed seed predation significantly decreased when land use diversity around the fields increased under high pesticide use intensity and, inversely, increased with land cover diversity around the fields at of low pesticide use intensity. These results suggest that reduction in pesticide use should be associated with the reinforcement of semi-natural habitats in agricultural landscape to enhance natural biocontrol. more...
21. Stabilité des communautés de carabes en paysages agricoles : quels impacts de la qualité de l’habitat ?
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Lucile Muneret, Benoit Ricci, Stéphanie Aviron, Aude Vialatte, Sandrine Petit, Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Biodiversité agroécologie et aménagement du paysage (UMR BAGAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, SAD Paysage (SAD Paysage), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ProdInra, Migration, and EL Mjiyad, Noureddine more...
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[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology ,[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology - Abstract
National audience; La tendance globale de déclin des populations d’insectes masque de grandes variabilités de réponse aux changements globaux en fonction des espèces et de leurs traits écologiques. Bien que la perte de qualité des habitats et leur fragmentation soient souvent mentionnées pour expliquer le déclin des espèces les plus sensibles, la caractérisation fonctionnelle de la qualité des habitats aux échelles locales et paysagères (i.e. régime de perturbations et disponibilité en ressources) a peu été explorée, notamment dans les paysages agricoles. A partir d’un dispositif expérimental reposant sur 60 parcelles de trois régions agricoles françaises (Bretagne, Midi-Pyrénées et Bourgogne ; réseau SEBIOPAG), les communautés de carabes, les pratiques culturales locales et l’assolement paysager (sur une surface de 1km²) ont été collectés pendant cinq années. Dans cette étude, nous montrons que les dynamiques temporelles des communautés de carabes varient en fonction des régions. De plus, nous montrons que la variabilité temporelle de la qualité des habitats aux échelles locales et paysagères pourrait être un bon prédicteur de la composition spécifique et fonctionnelle des communautés de carabes au sein des parcelles. La caractéristion fonctionnelle des assolements locaux et paysagers semble pertinente pour anticiper les changements agroécologiques en cours dans les paysages agricoles. Cette caractérisation semble notamment être une approche prometteuse pour anticiper les patrons de distribution de la biodiversité régionale et potentiellement pour estimer des services écosystémiques rendus par les espèces agrobiontes. more...
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