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Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the rising problems in the whole world in wild animals. As we know, countries like India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Pakistan, etc. are considered the home of many endangered wildlife species like the Asian elephant, Rhinoceros, Markhor, Snow Leopard, and Bengal tiger. These countries carry 44% of the burden of TB in the form of human TB, livestock TB, and wildlife TB. The TB pathogen is having a wide host range, therefore it is of great importance and need of the hour to work under one health concept to construct a composite TB control program in the medical as well as veterinary fields. Moreover, further researches are yet to be made on this challenging arena. Globally, many studies have been conducted to discover the types of tuberculosis in wild animals. Recent studies had declared that Mycobacterium tuberculosis is not only the causative agent of tuberculosis in wild animals but other mycobacterium species are also a growing threat. It was demonstrated that a wide variety of mycobacterium strains are present in the whole region, particularly in developing countries pointing out its endemic distribution. Tuberculosis in the free-ranging Rhinoceros in South Africa, Nepal, and Sri Lanka is associated with the M. bovis and M. orygis that also signify the threats of TB in other wild animal species including chances of unknown maintenance host. Some other research has revealed that there is a rising challenge of TB in the elephants too in different countries of the World. Being a major reservoir host of tuberculosis, wildlife has become a conservation and public health challenge all over the World.

As one of the famous cosmetic manufacturers in Indonesia, and also as part of Mandom Group that support global demand, PT Mandom Indonesia Tbk has up to 2.500 product variants adapting domestic and international regulations with an average of 500 variants were being produced in a month. Because there are differences between each variant, adjustment setting between each transition is mandatory. This condition is worsened due to previous policy which made a product could be produced up to three times a month. With no clear controlling method, the production planning division creates a production schedule without considering thoroughly the time loss caused by transition activities and so the loss caused by the stop of production due to transition is also tripled up to 1.800 transitions in a month. Within this paper, author would like to describe a solution that has already been tested within the company which is one-phase production planning. One-phase production planning is a method developed by author to design a production schedule based on transition priority level in order to reduce transition activities as much as possible. The method is adopting the basic principle of OEE and is improved based on the company condition so it could be implemented easily and gave a positive impact on the company. Transition activities were divided into three categories which are washing transition, part changing transition, and small setting transition. Those transitions were tested by using SPC method and analyzed to determine which transition should be prioritized. To maintain the objectivity of the project result, a new monitoring tool for production planning performance has been created which is the transition loss ratio. Transition loss ratio is a simplified calculation method customized for PT Mandom Indonesia Tbk that visualizes the amount of loss by presenting it in the percentage of the total scheduled value. One-phase production policy has been tested for two months with the result of reducing transition loss from 9.5% to 7.5% which equals to 14,2 Billion Indonesian Rupiah (±>$984,000) in a year.

Permasalahan yang ditemukan adalah belum diketahui gaya mengajar yang efektif untuk diterapkan penguasaan gerak dasar passing bawah pada permainan bola voli dan mengkaji hasil-hasil penelitian yang sudah pernah diteliti oleh peneliti-peneliti terdahulu. Tujuan adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan gaya mengajar latihan terhadap peningkatan gerak dasar passing bawah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah melalui kajian dan analisis dengan mengumpulkan bukti-bukti luar yang sudah pernah diteliti oleh peneliti sebelumnya. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan analisis data deskriptif kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk membuktikan dan menguji hipotesis penelitian. Berdasarkan kajian dan analisis dari beberapa hasil penelitian terdahulu yang relevan, secara deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa keseluruhan yakni 10 hasil penelitian dengan persentase 99,99% mengatakan bahwa gaya mengajar latihan memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap variabel terikat. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah gaya mengajar latihan memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan gerak dasar passing bawah dalam permainan bola voli.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Phylogenetic distribution of FAD genes along with A. thaliana and O. sativa.

Additional file 2: Figure S2. Phylogenetic distribution of FAB genes along with A. thaliana and O. sativa.

This study uses a qualitative descriptive method which aims to examine the difficulties experienced by students of the D4 Applied Foreign Language study program in adjusting to the Japanese pitch accent when pronouncing. Of the four language skills, namely listening, speaking, reading and writing, there are difficulties in speaking skills, especially in the pitch accent. Differences in accents can cause feelings of awkwardness and lead to misunderstandings in a conversation because an inappropriate accent can change meaning or definition. So with this we need an appropriate learning method and strategy in practicing Japanese language based on a pitch accent. From the research results, it is known that shadowing can be used in Japanese accent pitch training.

Gossypium hirsutum L. is the main fiber crop around the world, and also vital source of vegetable oil. However, the productivity of cotton is low to fulfill the requirements of increasing population and textile industry. Quality parameters and yield of cotton can be improved through understanding genetic bases of quality and high yielding attributes as well as their relationship among them. In the present examination, the following parental lines FH-114, CIM-602, CIM-616, CIM-599 and NIAB-878 were utilized as guardians and hybridized in every conceivable mix following diallel mating structure. Later on five parental genotypes and 20 F1 crosses were assessed under field conditions by utilizing randomized total square plan. Information were recorded on plant stature, all out number of bolls per plant, boll mass, cotton seed yield per plant, seed list, build up list, ginning out turn, build up length, fiber development, fiber fineness and fiber consistency proportion. Information were evaluated through investigation of change and later on same information were additionally considered for estimation of heterosis and joining capacity impacts. GCA and SCA effects were watched for dominant part of the qualities and SCA mean qualities were more than GCA impacts which demonstrated the presence of non-added gene activity. The evaluation of five genotypes for GCA impacts demonstrated that CIM-602 was found as great general combiner for plant stature and boll mass wheres CIM-616 was noted as the best broad combiner for number of bolls per plant, build up file, fiber development and fiber consistency proportion. Among the crosses FH-114 × CIM616 was found as best explicit combiner for number of sympodial branches and its (corresponding cross) was best for cotton seed yield per plant. The mix of CIM-602 × CIM-616 was noted great explicit combiner absolute bolls per plant, build up list, fiber development and fiber consistency proportion. The cross breed of FH-114 × NIAB-878 demonstrated profoundly critical heterotic impacts for plant stature and CIM-599 × FH-114 showed very noteworthy heterosis for boll mass, GOT, fiber length, staple development and staple fineness. The higher estimations of GCA, SCA, heterosis and heterobeltiosis impacts showed that, open door is accessible to the cotton laborers for distinguishing proof of potential guardians and half and halves for specific attributes.

This study aims to determine the effect of in-ovo injection of L-arginine into local chicken eggs on embryo development and chick performance of local chicken. A total of 160 eggs were incubated using semi-automatic incubator with temperature of 37-38C and relative humidity of 55-65%. The injected L-arginine solution has a concentration of 0.5% (m/v). In treatment was divided into 4 groups, the first treatment was without injection (control), the second treatment was the injection of 0.2 mL L-arginine solution 0.5% (m/v)/egg, the third treatment was the injection of 0.4 mL L-arginine solution. 0.5% (m/v)/egg, and fourth treatment was the injection of L-arginine solution 0.6 mL 0.5%(m/v)/egg. The results showed that embryo mortality and hatchability were lower with L-arginine injection treatment than without injection. All treatments showed no effect on extraembryonic fluid absorption, but there was an increase in embryo weight in the injection treatment 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 mL L-Arginine 0.5% /eggs 2,355 g, 2,577 g, 2,705, respectively. In conclusion, an in-ovo injection of L-arginine in local chicken eggs has a good effect (the beneficial effect) on embryo death and embryo performance. Injection of 0.4 ml L-Arginine 0.5% /eggs improved hatchability and Newly Hatched Chick Weight (NHCW).

Learning Nahwu & Sharaf is considered a frightening subject by students in Islamic boarding schools and informal Islamic boarding schools. One of the reasons is that the institution's existing curriculum has not been planned and presented correctly. One of the institutions with an integrative curriculum to teach Nahwu & Sharaf subjects considered acceptable is the Darul Uluum Islamic Boarding School. This study aimed to describe Nahwu & Sharaf curriculum development concepts and models at Daarul Uluum Islamic boarding school at M ajalengka supporting and inhibiting implementing the curriculum. The method used in this study was qualitative research. D ata collection used interviews, the teacher's approach to teaching Nahwu & Sh a r a f , and the Islamic boarding school syllabus. The results showed that Nahwu & Sharaf curriculum development model was a central de-central, which combined two administrative approaches and the grassroots approach. The supporting factors were: 1) Motivation of leaders of Islamic boarding school ; 2) Commitments of leaders of Islamic boarding school to develop curriculum, 3) Professional competence of Nahwu & Sharaf teachers, and 4) Input of students who have an initial understanding of the material to be obtainable. The inhibiting factors were: 1) the lack of individual funding allocations; 2) the teacher has not been able to properly teach students the material in Nahwu & Sharaf syllabus; 3) the unequal ability of teachers to teach in class Nahwu & Sharaf subjects; and 4) students feel bored while studying in class . Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:107%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA

Lingkungan kerja fisik dan kelelahan kerja merupakan aspek yang mempengaruhi performa tubuh dalam produktivitas kerja. Kedua aspek tersebut harus memiliki kondisi yang ergonomis dan sesuai dengan standar atau nilai ambang batas. Lingkungan kerja fisik meliputi pencahayaan, kelembaban, kebisingan, dan temperatur. Presentase cardiovascular load (CVL) diukur untuk mengetahui tingkat kelelahan pada pekerja. Kelelahan pada pekerja akan diperbaiki dengan penentuan waktu istirahat kerja. Kondisi lingkungan kerja fisik yang ergonomis pada area By Product Packing akan didapatkan apabila pencahayaan di area tersebut disesuaikan dengan standar minimal yang telah ditetapkan dan penambahan alat bantu seperti kipas angin dan exhaust udara diperbanyak agar sirkulasi udara di lokasi pekerja dapat berjalan dengan baik. Lalu, waktu istirahat kerja sebaiknya diterapkan pada pekerja By Product Packing sesuai dengan konsumsi energi rata-rata pekerja. Sehingga, perhitungan waktu istirahat kerja (Rest Period) dengan waktu kerja 8 jam/hari istirahat kerja dilakukan setiap 1 (satu) jam selesai melaksanakan pekerjaan dengan waktu istirahat kerja selama 20,7 menit setiap istirahat. Kata Kunci: Kelelahan Kerja, Lingkungan Kerja Fisik, Waktu Istirahat Kerja.

Diabetes melitus (DM) merupakan penyakit kronik pada sistem endokrin ditandai Hiperglikemia akibat kekurangan insulin, kerja insulin dan atau keduanya. Hiperglikemia mengakibatkan gangguan mikrovaskuler dan makrovaskuler. Penanganan DM dengan ketaatan diit, pengobatan, olahraga, gaya hidup dan pengobatan seumur hidup menyebabkan stres. Stres akan merangsang hormon Kortisol dan Epinefrin yang memicu hiperglikemia yang berujung pada DM. Upaya mengatasi masalah DM tidak hanya bersifat farmakologis namun memerlukan upaya non farmakologis dalam mengendalikan kadar glukosa darah diantaranya mencegah hiperglikemia akibat stres dengan terapi distraksi pendengaran. Tujuan penelitian untuk Mengkaji efek Distraksi pendengaran, frekuensi penurunan kadar glukosa darah dan mengkaji perbedaan kadar glukosa darah sebelum dan sesudah diberikan Distraksi pendengaran pada penderita DM Tipe 2 di UPTD Diabetes Center Kota Ternate. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh pasien yang berobat di UPTD Diabetes Center Kota Ternate dan bersedia diberikan terapi distraksi pendengaran. Data dianalisis dengan uji paired sample t test untuk melihat perbedaan kadar glukosa sebelum dan sesudah terapi distraksi pendengaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai t hitung 3,541 dengan signifikansi p=0,001. Kesimpulan terdapat pengaruh Distraksi Pendengaran terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah penderita DM tipe 2 di UPTD Diabetes Center Kota Ternate.

Accumulation of non-essential heavy metals like chromium (Cr) is among major abiotic stresses, which adversely affect crop growth. Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is the most dangerous form negatively affecting the growth and productivity of crops. This study evaluated the role of black cumin extracts (BCE) in improving growth and productivity of maize genotypes under different concentrations of Cr(VI). Two maize genotypes (“Neelum” and “P1543”) were grown under 0, 4, 8 and 12 mg Cr(VI) kg−1 concentrations. The BCE was applied as foliar spray at three concentrations (0, 10 and 20%) at 25 and 45 days after sowing. Increasing Cr(VI) concentration significantly (p Novelty statement Black cumin has been widely used to reduce Cr toxicity in animals. However, the role of black cumin in reducing Cr toxicity in plants has never been studied. The present study was conducted to infer the role of different concentrations of black cumin extract in improving the growth of synthetic and hybrid maize genotypes under different levels of Cr stress. It is concluded that black cumin extract could be used to lower Cr toxicity in maize grown under Cr-contaminated soils.

Objective: To decide the conduct hazards factors related with spread of dengue diseases in a rustic network of Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: A poll based cross sectional review was directed during May 2019 to April 2020 at Services Hospital, Lahore. The example size was 370. Methodical irregular examining was utilized for choosing the investigation subject, from every family taken as one unit. Test was taken from a sum of 3225 houses to accomplish absolute example of 350 families. All the information was entered and examined by utilizing SPSS programming adaptation 15. Means with standard deviation for mathematical factors and extents for absolute factors are introduced. Chi square test was performed to discover the relationship of conduct chances factors with spread of dengue contaminations in a provincial network of Karachi, Pakistan. Results: Dengue contamination was clinically analyzed in 203 (58%) patients and were hospitalized during August 2012 to February 2013. Among all patients, higher recurrence was found in the middle age bunch 37 to 54 years for example 44% (n=154). The practices of self-mosquito chomp assurance p Conclusion: The conduct chances factors related with spread of dengue diseases in a country com-munity remembered absence of preventive measure for network, absence of understanding of Health conviction models, absence of information, absence of self-avoidance in breading mosquitoes, high thickness of vegetation and absence of self-viability in controlling vector. Keywords: social potential risks involved, transmission of dengue infections, rural population of Lahore, Pakistan.

Objective: The point of our investigation was to think about the presence of hypertension in individuals devouring hard water or new water and level of hardness, in individual water assets in Lahore Punjab, Pakistan. Methods: A cross sectional investigation was led in Mayo Hospital, Lahore from March 2019 to February 2020. There are two wellsprings of water supply in the territory; downpour water/hard water. 340 individuals were incorporated. Individuals > 18years old enough, living in Lahore for > 5 years were incorporated. Individuals having persistent kidney infection, diabetes, or ingesting hostile to hypertensive medications/oral calcium supplements were barred. Segment highlights, Body Mass Index (BMI) and pulse were recorded. Water test was checked imposition. Hardness of > 180 ppm was viewed as hard. Hypertension was looked at be-tween individuals devouring hard or new water. p Result: Out of 340 individuals, 80 (23.5%) had hypertension; in individuals burning-through hard water 38 (20%) were hypertensive while 42 (28%) individuals burning-through new water were hypertensive. This distinction was not discovered to be measurably critical. While testing the hardness of water assets, the degree of hardness was discovered to be high, 3 out of 4 supplies; which were not reasonable for human utilization. Conclusion: We infer that hypertension is not any more typical in individuals taking new water than hard water; however, the underground well water in region of Lahore has elevated levels of hardness. Keywords: hypertension, Soft Water, Hard water.

Ethnopharmacological relevance Compound Ruteng (CRT) is a prescribed formulation based on the theory of Tibetan medicine for the treatment of yellow-water-disease. It is consisted with 7 medicinal material include Boswellia carterii Birdw (named “Ruxiang” in Chinese); Tinospora sinensis (Lour.) Merr. (named “Kuan-Jin-Teng” in Chinese), Cassia obtusifolia L (named “Jue-Ming-Zi” in Chinese); Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic (named “Huang-Kui-Zi” in Chinese); Terminalia chebula Retz. (named “He-Zi” in Chinese); Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth.) Kudo (named “Du-Yi-Wei” in Chinese) and Pyrethrum tatsienense (Bur. et Franch.) Ling (named “Da-Jian-Ju” in Chinese). They are widely distributed in Tibet area of China and have been used to treat rheumatism, jaundice, and skin diseases for centuries. Aim of the study The present study was conducted to investigate the anti-arthritis effect of CRT and to disclose the systems pharmacology-based dissection of mechanisms. Materials and methods The chemical constituents in CRT were identified using HPLC method, and CRT candidate targets against RA were screened by network pharmacology-based analysis and further experimentally validated based on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model. Furthermore, therapeutic mechanisms and pathways of CRT were investigated. Results 391 potential targets (protein) were predicted against 92 active ingredients of 7 medicinal materials in CRT. Enrichment analysis and molecular docking studies also enforced the practiced results. X-ray based physiological imaging showed the attenuated effect of CRT on paw swelling, synovial joints and cartilage with improved inflammation in CIA rats. Moreover, the expression of biomarkers associated with RA such as MMP1, MMP3 and MMP13 and TNF-a, COX2 and iNOS are down-regulated in ankle joints, serum, or liver. Conclusion In conclusion, CRT compound could attenuate RA symptoms and active ingredients of this compound could be considered for drug designing to treat RA.

Gentianaceae herb extracts have been widely used as food additives, teas or medicinal remedies for various diseases and disorders of the human body. Herein, the potential effects of iridoids, seco-iridoids and analog glycosides from gentian on acontine-induced hepatotoxicity were investigated in HepG2 cells to obtain metabolic data of drug-biotarget interactions. Molecular docking analysis was performed to assess the binding efficiencies of 53 iridoids, seco-iridoids and analog compounds obtained from 50 gentian species to the active sites of human CYP3A4 enzyme. The docking scores of 29 iridoids, seco-iridoids and 24 analog glycosides were calculated from the free energy of ligand-protein complexes using a computer-assisted docking simulation. After comprehensive evaluation, 6 of these compounds, i.e., gentiopicroside, sweroside, swertiamarin, loganic acid, 6-O-β-d-glucosyl-gentiopicroside and amarogentin were selected to evaluate their hepatoprotective effects. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the expression levels of CYP3A4 mRNA in HepG2 cells. Amarogentin displayed the most clear inductive effect on CYP3A4 mRNA levels in the HepG2 cells. Moreover, amarogentin was further studied for acontine-induced toxicity in the HepG2 cells to determine the potential mechanisms. Amarogentin displayed obvious inductive effect on CYP3A4 mRNA levels in the HepG2 cells. These results elucidated that the hepatoprotective effects were caused by the facilitation of drug metabolism, amelioration of mitochondrial dysfunction and reduction of oxidative stress. Our data demonstrated that the naturally found iridoids, seco-iridoids and analog glycosides in gentian may be responsible for the hepatoprotective effects of gentian-extracted compounds and thus, this study may be useful in the food industry or in clinical practice.

The letter Yā’ (ي)is one of the basic letters in the Arabic language that possesses multiple functions. However, majority of the students’ understanding is more focused on only one of its functions, that is as a ضمير (pronoun) attributing it to أنا ) which means I. Thus, the objective of this study is to determine the level of the students’ skills in distinguishing the various functions of Yā’, to identify the appropriate usage of Yā’ in a sentence structure as well as to analyse the students’ ability to relate Yā’s function to i’rab. The results of this research can help the teachers to draft, diversify and to improve the teachings of the Arabic Language specifically in the Arabic Syntax. By using the qualitative method consisting of written tests and interviews on eight respondents from Alsagoff Arab School, ranging from primary five to secondary three, this study was conducted based on the revised Bloom’s Taxonomy Theory. The outcome of the study showed that the understanding of ضمير (pronoun) attributing it to أنا ) which means I, was more dominant than the others. The limitations occurred because the students’ cognitive skills were only at the level of remembering and understanding. In conclusion, the students’ limitations in understanding the usage of letter Yā’ were due to their incompetence in applying and analyzing previous learnt information. As a result they were unable to assess the differences of the multiple functions of the letter Yā’. Abstrak Huruf Yā’ merupakan salah satu huruf hijaiyyah yang mempunyai pelbagai fungsi dalam nahu Arab. Namun, pemahaman majoriti pelajar lebih tertumpu pada satu fungsi iaitu sebagai ضمير (kata ganti nama) أنا yang bermaksud ‘saya’. Justeru, Objektif kajian ini dilakukan adalah untuk mengenal pasti tahap kemahiran pelajar dalam membezakan fungsi Yā’, mengenal pasti ketepatan penggunaan Yā’ dalam struktur ayat, serta menganalisis kemampuan pelajar menghubungjalin fungsi huruf Yā’ dengan i’rab. Hasil dari kajian ini boleh membantu para pengajar merangka, mempelbagaikan dan menambahbaik pengajaran bahasa Arab khususnya bagi subjek nahu. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif berdasarkan ujian bertulis dan temu bual terhadap lapan orang responden bermula dari darjah enam hingga tingkatan tiga di Madrasah Alsagoff Al-Arabiah, kajian ini dijalankan dengan berpandukan kerangka teori revisi Taksonomi Bloom. Hasilnya, dapatan kajian menunjukkan pemahaman ضمير (kata ganti nama) kepada أنا yang bermaksud ‘saya’ lebih dominan dari yang lain. Keterbatasan ini berlaku kerana pelajar menggunakan aspek kognitif mereka pada tahap mengingat dan memahami. Kesimpulannya, keterbatasan pelajar dalam fahaman fungsi huruf Ya’ berpunca pada kelemahan mereka yang tidak mengaplikasi dan menganalisis sesuatu maklumat yang diterima terlebih dahulu. Akibatnya mereka tidak mampu menilai perbezaan fungsi kepelbagaian huruf Yā’ dalam nahu Arab.

This manuscript was aimed to explore the hepato-protective effect of water extract of Veratrilla baillonii Franch. (Gentianaceae) (WVBF) on serious hepatic toxicity induced in mice treated with Aconitum brachypodum Diels (Ranunculaceae) at transcriptome level. The physiological and pathological symptoms were evaluated as the markers for hepato toxicity induced by A. brachypodum Diels (CFA) extracted compounds. Moreover, gene chip method was used to compare and investigate the gene expression level of WVBF on CFA induced-liver toxicity to identify the potential target of WVBF and CFA on liver. The results showed that WVBF had a significant detoxification effect on CFA-induced acute hepatic toxicity. There were 130 genes with lower expression and 124 genes expressed at higher rate in CFA treated group as compared with normal control group, while there are 67 genes down-regulated and 74 genes up-regulated in WVBF treated group in comparison with CFA treated group. WVBF could attenuate CFA-induced liver damage in mice through regulating oxidative stress, inflammatory injury and cell apoptosis/necrosis pathways. On the other hand, WVBF and CFA may have potential synergetic effects on the target genes of certain diseases such as inflammation, cancer and diabetes.

In recent years, researches focusing on PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) have increased rapidly. It has been revealed that piRNAs have strong association with a wide range of diseases; thus, it becomes very important to understand piRNAs’ role(s) in disease diagnosis, prognosis and assessment of treatment response. We searched more than 2500 articles using keywords, such as `PIWI-interacting RNAs’ and `piRNAs’, and further scrutinized the articles to collect piRNAs-disease association data. These data are highly complex and heterogeneous due to various types of piRNA idnetifiers (IDs) and different reference genome versions. We put considerable efforts into removing redundancy and anomalies and thus homogenized the data. Finally, we developed the piRDisease database, which incorporates experimentally supported data for piRNAs’ relationship with wide range of diseases. The piRDisease (piRDisease v1.0) is a novel, comprehensive and exclusive database resource, which provides 7939 manually curated associations of experimentally supported 4796 piRNAs involved in 28 diseases. piRDisease facilitates users by providing detailed information of the piRNA in respective disease, explored by experimental support, brief description, sequence and location information. Considering piRNAs’ role(s) in wide range of diseases, it is anticipated that huge amount of data would be produced in the near future. We thus offer a submitting page, on which users or researches can contribute in to update our piRDisease database.

Seagrass is the one of plants that can grow and adaptataion with high salinity environment and associated with benthos. Seagrass presence that indicate the productivity and prosperity in waters environtment. Found a different dominance between rainy season and dry season, so The aims of this study to identify and count dominance and diversity of seagrass and macrozoobenthos on the transition season in Bama Beach, TN Baluran, Situbondo. The method was used is line transect quadran with 5 quadran each of which installed 5 plot transect. Seagrass species was founded that have the highest abundance values in Bama Beach, TN Baluran the transitional season is C. serrulata with a value of 48.90%, and the macrozoobenthos that found from genus Holothuria with a value of 52.06%. Dominance index value (D) categorize Bama Beach, TN Baluran with moderate dominance. While based on the diversity index (H ') categorizes Bama Beach, TN Baluran with low diversity. Transitional seasons affect the type, relative abundance, dominance index and seagrass diversity index and macrozoobenthos in Bama Beach, TN Baluran than the dry and rainy seasons. Needed to investigate the diversity of organism that related to primary productivity.

In an attempt to realize a flapping wing micro-air vehicle with morphing wings, we report on improvements to our previous foldable artificial hind wing. Multiple hinges, which were implemented to mimic the bending zone of a beetle hind wing, were made of small composite hinge plates and tiny aluminum rivets. The buck-tails of rivets were flared after the hinge plates were assembled with the rivets so that the folding/unfolding motions could be completed in less time, and the straight shape of the artificial hind wing could be maintained after fabrication. Folding and unfolding actions were triggered by electrically-activated Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) wires. For wing folding, the actuation characteristics of the SMA wire actuator were modified through heat treatment. Through a series of flapping tests, we confirmed that the artificial wings did not fold back and arbitrarily fluctuate during the flapping motion.

This paper presents an experimental research aiming to realize an artificial hind wing that can mimic the wing unfolding motion of Allomyrina dichotoma, an insect in coleopteran order. Based on the understanding of working principles of beetle wing folding/unfolding mechanisms, the hind wing unfolding motion is mimicked by a combination of creative ideas and state-of-art artificial muscle actuator. In this work, we devise two types of artificial wings and the successfully demonstrate that they can be unfolded by actuation of shape memory alloy wires to provide actuation force at the wing base and along the leading edge vein. The folding/unfolding mechanisms may provide an insight for portable nano/micro air vehicles with morphing wings.

Artikel ini bertujuan mencari hubungan antara bahasa dengan budaya serta peranan yang dimainkan oleh Islam dalam membentuk tamadun manusia. Hal ini kerana antara penggunaan bahasa dengan amalan budaya penutur asli tidak boleh dipisahkan. Jelas, bahasa dan budaya tidak boleh diasingkan. Budaya adalah refleksi daripada bahasa yang digunakan dalam semua masyarakat. Hal ini penting kerana dengan mengetahui budaya, ketepatan makna bahasa diperolehi. Islam telah menyoroti adab al–Kalãm atau adab–adab al–Lisãn, yang sesuai untuk diterapkan dalam bahasa manusia dan boleh diterima sebagai budaya komunikasi universal untuk ummah. Islam mengakui jenis bahasa dan bahasa kebangsaan, serta media penentu Arab sebagai bahasa Islam. Bahasa Arab dianggap sebagai bahasa keagamaan, tetapi sesiapa sahaja dibenarkan untuk mempelajari dan menggunakannya. Namun, semua bahasa boleh digunakan sebagai media untuk amalan dakwah di seluruh dunia. Kata kunci: Bahasa; budaya; Islam; bahasa Arab This article aims to seek the relationship between human language and its culture as well as the role played by Islam in shaping man’s civilization. We cannot disintegrate between language use and culture practice of the native speaker. Evidently, language and culture are indivisible. They cannot be separated. A culture is a reflection of the language that is used in all communities. It is essential to know culture for the accuracy of the language used. Islam has highlighted the adab al–Kalãm or adab al–Lisãn, which is suitable to be implemented in human languages and acceptable as a universal communication culture for the ummah. Islam recognizes varieties of language and the national language along with the determinant medium of Arabic as Islamic language. Arabic language is regarded as a religious language but every body is allowed to learn and use it. However, all languages can be used as a medium for the practice of al–dacwah worldwide. Key words: Language; culture; Islam; Arabic language

In the past decades there has been an increasing interest in the design of robotic platforms suitable to assist the conventional motor therapy and/or to study human motor control. Most of the proposed solutions, however, come with intrinsic limitations that in turn limit the final use of the device itself. For instance, encumbrance, sophisticated control architectures and high costs translate into cumbersome and expensive devices whose diffusion is still limited to laboratories and specialized clinical settings. This paper presents a novel, two degrees-of-freedom planar device conceived according to three main principles: portablility, cost-effectiveness and ease of control. The key ingredient of the device is a planar H-shaped cable differential mechanism which ensures a constant Jacobian and a homogeneous perceived inertia over the entire workspace. The paper presents the mechanical design as well as the performance evaluation in terms of bandwidth, Z-width and perceived impedance.