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Cyclotrichium origanifolium is a medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family. In this study, phenolic content analysis, antimicrobial effects, and cytotoxic effects of extracts of C. origanifolium were investigated. In the extracts, phenolic compound analysis by the liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method, antimicrobial effect by the minimum inhibition concentration method, and cytotoxic effect on human dermal fibroblasts (HDF), glioblastoma cell (U87), ovarian adenocarcinoma cell (Skov-3), and human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell (CaCo-2) cancer cell lines were investigated. Cytotoxicity analyses were performed by the MTT method. In addition, the GST and AChE enzyme activities of the extracts were also measured. Around 18 compounds were detected in both the methanol and ethanol extract. It was found that the best antimicrobial effect on Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa was on methanol extract, while the ethanol extract was on Candida albicans fungus (respectively, 2.50 mg/ml, 5.0 μg/ml). A 500 μg/ml of methanol extract has been shown to have cytotoxic activity high effect on HDF cells. GST and AChE activity were found to decrease in a concentration-dependent manner.

Objective To evaluate the methodological rigor of radiomics-based studies using noninvasive imaging in ovarian setting. Methods Multiple medical literature archives (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) were searched to retrieve original studies focused on computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound (US), or positron emission tomography (PET) radiomics for ovarian disorders’ assessment. Two researchers in consensus evaluated each investigation using the radiomics quality score (RQS). Subgroup analyses were performed to assess whether the total RQS varied according to first author category, study aim and topic, imaging modality, and journal quartile. Results From a total of 531 items, 63 investigations were finally included in the analysis. The studies were greatly focused (94%) on the field of oncology, with CT representing the most used imaging technique (41%). Overall, the papers achieved a median total RQS 6 (IQR, −0.5 to 11), corresponding to a percentage of 16.7% of the maximum score (IQR, 0–30.6%). The scoring was low especially due to the lack of prospective design and formal validation of the results. At subgroup analysis, the 4 studies not focused on oncological topic showed significantly lower quality scores than the others. Conclusions The overall methodological rigor of radiomics studies in the ovarian field is still not ideal, limiting the reproducibility of results and potential translation to clinical setting. More efforts towards a standardized methodology in the workflow are needed to allow radiomics to become a viable tool for clinical decision-making. Key Points • The 63 included studies using noninvasive imaging for ovarian applications were mostly focused on oncologic topic (94%). • The included investigations achieved a median total RQS 6 (IQR, −0.5 to 11), indicating poor methodological rigor. • The RQS was low especially due to the lack of prospective design and formal validation of the results.

Rumex acetosella L. (sorrel) is a plant belonging to the Polygonaceous family and is a species that grows naturally across Turkey. In this study, the characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) obtained from the Rumex acetocella L. (RA) plant using the green synthesis method was performed and their antimicrobial activities were investigated. AgNPs were successfully synthesized in the first stage of the study using plant extract taken from plant samples collected from the natural growing environment. Characterization of synthesized AgNPs was performed using appropriate analytical methods (UV-vis, FT-IR, XRD, SEM-EDX, TEM, Zeta Potential and Zeta Sizer). According to the analysis results, it was determined that AgNPs had a maximum absorbance at 476 nm wavelength, a pentagonal, hexagonal, and spherical appearance, a size of 29.16 nm, and a zeta potential of -9.88 mV. The antimicrobial activities of AgNPs were tested using the microdilution technique, in which Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) values were determined on gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli bacteria and Candida albicans fungus. It showed a very strong antimicrobial effect on C. albicans, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Consequently, AgNPs had stronger antimicrobial activity at low concentrations and when compared to commercial antibiotics.

Introduction and purpose Depression is the most common mental disorder, but the exact mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of depression remain unknown. Abundant research evidence suggests that changes in the gut microbiota play a key role in the pathophysiology of depression through the brain-gut-microbiota axis. The aim of this study was to present the current state of knowledge on the role of gut microbiota in pathogenesis and treatment of depression and discuss its potential as a therapeutic target for depression A brief description of the state of knowledge The digestive tract and the processes which are set in it as well as the inhabitting microorganisms have a significant impact on our mental health and mood. The scientific research repeatidly confirm a strict relationship between the digestive and nervous systems. A microbiome-based approach is becoming increasingly prevalent in the understanding and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, especially depression. Antidepressants which are today the first-line therapy in the treatment of this disease are based inter alia on the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory mechanism of action. Conclusion Immune cells which are settled in the intestines affect not only our physical health but also the mental one. Due to the relationship between depression and the gut microbiota, we have many treatment options that involve direct modification of the composition of the microbiome which include prebiotics, probiotics (psychobiotics) and faecal microbiome transplantation.

Building on Borba’s theorisation of the anti-genderism register, the articles in this special issue explore anti-genderism as a political tool for the global right in four cases: online ‘tradwives’ or traditional wives defending national and sexual purity (Tebaldi), homonationalism in the Islamophobic forum r/thedonald (Brotherton), the natalist chronopolitics of Bolsonaro in Brazil (Silva and Dziuba) and the invocation of the spectre of gender to place Poland at the centre of the white West (Baran). Together, they highlight new discursive elements in the nationalist far-right use of the anti-genderism register and the construction of morally marked figures through nationalist discourses of tradition, sexuality, temporality and place. Anti-genderism is not just a call for ‘traditional’ gender or marriage, but the evocation of a gendered nation, an idealised past and a strong future populated with warriors and mothers.

Building on previous work on the anti-genderism register and moments of enregisterment, and adopting the Discourse-Historical Approach with its notion of topoi as an argumentation device used by right-wing populists, this article examines how the Catholic Church and right-wing politicians and media have mobilised against the alleged threat of ‘LGBT/gender ideology’ in Poland. Based on the analysis of 70 texts including homilies, political speeches, news articles and interviews, the article identifies three content-related topoi that are relayed across various anti-genderist actors. Together, these topoi and their repeated reuptake help to construct a historicised narrative of Poland as the defender of Christianity and of Europe, and to legitimise different actors’ anti-LGBT campaigns as they pursue their particular agendas. The article makes a contribution to exploring the processes through which the globally circulating anti-genderism register operates in a specific local context.

Na ilość spożywanej kawy przez konsumentów ma wpływ przede wszystkim jej niepowtarzalny, dość głęboki smak i delikatny aromat, w którym wyczuwalne są nuty korzenne lub czekoladowe oraz jej właściwości wynikające z zawartości kofeiny i polifenoli. Doniesienia naukowe wskazują, że umiarkowana konsumpcja kawy może być częścią zdrowej diety i aktywnego trybu życia, co wiąże się z szeregiem pożądanych zjawisk fizjologicznych w tym sprawności psychicznej i fizycznej. Artykuły naukowe przedstawiają szerokie spektrum pozytywnego wpływu cennych związków zawartych w tym napoju na organizm człowieka, m.in. zmniejszenie śmiertelnościz powodu chorób sercowo-naczyniowych, cukrzycy typu 2, jak również nowotworów czy też obniżeniu ryzyka zachorowalności na chorobę Parkinsona i Alzheimera. Jej dobroczynne właściwości wykorzystywane są również w kosmeteologii.

Celem pracy było porównanie jakości sensorycznej (intensywności i typowości zapachu, barwy, smaku) świeżych oraz suszonych roślin przyprawowych. Materiałem badawczym były przygotowane samodzielnie w pracowni oraz zakupione w sklepach internetowych i w sklepach detalicznych przyprawy roślinne: szczypiorek, koper, bazylia, natka pietruszki. Ocenę sensoryczną wykonano w pracowni, która spełnia warunki określone w normie PN-EN ISO 8589:2010. Do badań wytypowano dziesięcioosobowy zespół oceniający o sprawdzonej, odpowiednio wysokiej wrażliwości sensorycznej, zgodnie z wymogami normy PN-ISO 8586-2:1996. Dokonano ocenyw zakresie intensywności (aromatyczności) i typowości zapachu, intensywności zielonej barwy oraz aromatyczności (wyrazistości) smaku. Największą intensywnością i typowością zapachu, barwą i smakiem charakteryzowały się próbki świeżych roślin przyprawowych. Metody suszenia miały istotny wpływ na intensywność i typowość zapachu, intensywność barwy zielonej i intensywność smaku ocenianych suszy.

Introduction and Aim: Harnessing traditional knowledge of medicinal plants is important for the betterment of mankind. We must safeguard traditional knowledge from misuse by miscreants living in modern societies and knowledge must be available in the public domain for use in drug designing in the healthcare system. Since the beginning of recorded history, Indians have used plants as a source of medicine, and their cultural past is incredibly rich. This study was conducted to evaluate the oxidative stress-induced DNA damage prevention and antioxidant potential of Semecarpus kurzii found in the Bay Islands. Materials and Methods: The scavenging of superoxide, hydroxyl radicals, nitric oxide (NO), 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) radicals, ferric reducing power (FRAP), and lipid peroxidation inhibition activity were tested to determine antioxidant activity. DNA damage inhibition test was used to evaluate the protection against oxidative DNA damage. Results: The S. kurzii extract showed dose-dependent scavenging of DPPH, superoxide anion, nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical and reducing power evaluated by comparing with standard antioxidants (ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol and BHT). However, the nitric oxide scavenging (IC50 =186.47) and superoxide scavenging (IC50 = 678.32) was more than that of DPPH (IC50 =28.03) and Hydroxyl radical (IC50 =89.10) scavenging capacity. In addition, S. kurzii extract and ascorbic acid showed lipid peroxidation inhibition activity. The extract also exhibited DNA protection which was confirmed by the DNA damage inhibition assay. Conclusion: Our results corroborated that, the methanolic extract of S. kurzii bark has substantial antioxidant activity and DNA damage inhibition. The potential antioxidant and oxidative DNA damage preventive activity could be due to the existence of polyphenolic compounds in the S. kurzii bark.

Стаття присвячена дослідженню та класифікації фігур експресивного синтаксису, що функціонують у мові поетичних творів Василя Симоненка. Встановлено роль засобів експресивного синтаксису в поетичному мовленні В. Симоненка, покласифіковано виявлені фігури за типами, розкрито причини їх використання та роль у мовотворчості поета, що забезпечує глибше зрозуміння особливостей образного мовомислення митця зокрема та літературних процесів шістдесятих років ХХ століття загалом. З’ясовано, що експресивні фігури поетичних текстів В. Симоненка репрезентують широкий спектр емоційно-психологічних реакцій і станів ліричного героя, аксіологічних вимірів фрагментів поетичної картини світу автора. Аналіз експресивних фігур уможливлює глибше розуміння світоглядної позиції автора-шістдесятника поетичних текстів, індивідуально-авторського бачення й специфічного оцінювання довкілля крізь призму додаткових, виразно емотивно-оцінних, семантичних планів лексем і фразем та їх комбінацій. Експресивність мовотворчості Василя Симоненка можна простежити фактично на всіх рівнях мовної системи, проте використання фігур експресивного синтаксису (явищ виразно самобутніх) належить до домінантних рис його ідіостилю. Фігури експресивного синтаксису увиразнюють емоційно-психологічні реакції та стани ліричного героя, посилюють аксіологічні параметри лексем і фразем у складі фігур, засобів експресивного синтаксису поезій В. Симоненка. Виявлено низку домінантних функцій фігур експресивного синтаксису в поезіях В. Симоненка: звертання акцентують увагу на особі, певному предметові чи явищі, репрезентують емоційні стани ліричного героя, увиразнюють мовлення поезій; вставні конструкції передають ставлення автора до описуваного, зображуваного; вставлені конструкції несуть додаткові повідомлення, зауваження, доповнення; еквіваленти речень найчастіше виконують спонукальну, заперечну та емоційно-оцінну функції; ампліфікація використана для посилення напруженості повідомлення, для надання контексту перелічувальної інтонації; градація посилює напруженість повідомлення; номінативні речення надають чіткості та зрозумілості мовленому, привертають увагу до певного об’єкта; еліпсис ужитий із метою досягнення напруження й стислості повідомлення; парцеляція посилює експресивність поетичних текстів, надає їм само бутніх рис; асиндетон залучає читача до участі в подіях, уможливлює наявність домислів, збагачення змісту описуваних фрагментів; замовчування посилює емоційність та напруженість мовлення.

Pastures are very important for agriculture since the main feeding source of the enormous cattle herd in the world is forage. Pastures comprise plants from several genera of grasses and legumes. In terms of the physical variety, ecology, and economic significance, the Poaceae is among the most significant families of Angiosperms. Regarding stress tolerance, species within this family exhibit a very wide range of variation. In recent years, the importance of using molecular markers in phylogenetic analyses of numerous organisms has increased. The development of genomic technologies and infrastructure has progressed sufficiently for their use in marker- aided selection (MAS) to be studied in several important perennial fodder species. Differences can be directly attributed to minor variations in the genetic code such as phenotype, single sequence repeats (SSRs), and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Therefore, breeders can benefit significantly from developing and characterizing new genetic markers. This paper gives a brief analysis of some international studies on some minor Poacea forages.

The aim of this study is to present an efficient analytical approach, based on a combination of transfer matrix formulations and modal superposition, to perform seismic response analysis of onshore wind turbines (WT) incorporating the effects of soil-structure interaction (SSI). The WT tower and rotor-nacelle assembly (RNA) are idealised as a segmented Timoshenko beam-column and lumped mass, respectively. SSI is taken into account using elastic springs at the bottom of the tower to model soil flexibility. The mass of the foundation is also considered in the mathematical model as a lumped mass at the base of the tower. As the serviceability limit state tends to be the governing design condition for WTs, the soil behaviour is idealised as linear-elastic with equivalent linear stiffness. Firstly, natural frequencies and mode shapes of the WT are obtained using the transfer matrix method (TMM), which is based on analytically-calculated state vectors of beam-column members, and state vectors of joints at the top and bottom of the tower. The entire vibrating structure is simplified into an equivalent single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system using mode shapes calculated from TMM. The seismic responses are derived using the Newmark-Beta method and modal superposition. The application of TMM for free vibration analysis is validated with reference to results from existing literature. Additionally, the accuracy of the method for calculation of seismic responses is verified using finite-element software. Three different ground models are considered, namely stratum over half-space, stratum over rigid base, and elastic half-space; and the effect of each on the free vibration and seismic responses are examined in terms of displacement and base shear time-histories of the WT with varying foundation geometries. The effects of varying soil properties on the natural frequencies and seismic responses of the WT are also investigated. Finally, the dynamic responses of the model subjected to different seismic time-histories are presented comparatively, to highlight the significant effects of the frequency content of ground motion records. The aim of this study is to present an efficient analytical approach, based on a combination of transfer matrix formulations and modal superposition, to perform seismic response analysis of onshore wind turbines (WT) incorporating the effects of soil-structure interaction (SSI). The WT tower and rotor-nacelle assembly (RNA) are idealised as a segmented Timoshenko beam-column and lumped mass, respectively. SSI is taken into account using elastic springs at the bottom of the tower to model soil flexibility. The mass of the foundation is also considered in the mathematical model as a lumped mass at the base of the tower. As the serviceability limit state tends to be the governing design condition for WTs, the soil behaviour is idealised as linear-elastic with equivalent linear stiffness. Firstly, natural frequencies and mode shapes of the WT are obtained using the transfer matrix method (TMM), which is based on analytically-calculated state vectors of beam-column members, and state vectors of joints at the top and bottom of the tower. The entire vibrating structure is simplified into an equivalent single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system using mode shapes calculated from TMM. The seismic responses are derived using the Newmark-Beta method and modal superposition. The application of TMM for free vibration analysis is validated with reference to results from existing literature. Additionally, the accuracy of the method for calculation of seismic responses is verified using finite-element software. Three different ground models are considered, namely stratum over half-space, stratum over rigid base, and elastic half-space; and the effect of each on the free vibration and seismic responses are examined in terms of displacement and base shear time-histories of the WT with varying foundation geometries. The effects of varying soil properties on the natural frequencies and seismic responses of the WT are also investigated. Finally, the dynamic responses of the model subjected to different seismic time-histories are presented comparatively, to highlight the significant effects of the frequency content of ground motion records.

Bu çalışma 2022 yılında Van Yüzüncü Yıl üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Laboratuvarında yapılmıştır. Çalışmada Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı’na bağlı Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitülerinden temin edilen tescilli 12 adet nohut çeşidinde bazı teknolojik ve kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Denemede, tanede nem oranı (%), hektolitre ağırlığı (kg/hl), kuru ağırlık (g), yaş ağırlık (g), ıslak hacim (ml), kuru hacim (ml), su alma indeksi (%), şişme kapasitesi (ml/tane), şişme indeksi (%) ve pişme süresi (dk) gibi özellikler incelenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler Tesadüf Parselleri Deneme desenine göre varyans analizine tabi tutulmuş ve ortalamalar LSD testi ile kıyaslanmıştır. Araştırma sonunda elde edilen verilere göre; tanede nem oranı % 8.20-10.50, hektolitre ağırlığı 63.07-80.80 kg/hl, kuru ağırlık 27.40-45.79 g, yaş ağırlık 60.75-87.87 g, ıslak hacim 148-176.27 ml, kuru hacim 73.50-88.50 ml, su alma indeksi % 0.89-1.11, şişme kapasitesi 0.25-0.47 ml/tane, şişme indeksi % 1.92-2.63 ve pişirme süresi 49-80 dk arasında değişim göstermiştir. Tüketici ve pazar tercihleri göz önünde bulundurulduğunda nem oranında İnci, hektolitre ağırlığında Hasanbey, kuru ağılık, yaş ağırlık ve ıslak hacim kriterlerinde Canıtez-87, kuru hacimde Azkan, şişme kapasitesi, su alma indeksi ve şişme indeksi değerleri bakımından Çağatay çeşitlerinde en yüksek, pişme süresi bakımından ise Hisar çeşidinde en düşük değerler tespit edilmiştir.

Objective: In this research, CS-AgNPs were created, described, and their antibacterial activity assessed utilizing an inexpensive, simple, and ecologically friendly extraction approach from the waste saffron flower's purple flower parts. Methods: : In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized quickly, cheaply, and environmentally friendly utilizing purple flower extract from saffron (Crocus sativus (CS)). For the explanation of the structure of silver nanoparticles synthesized with saffron flower extract (CS-AgNPs); UV-visible (UV-vis.) Spectrophotometer, Fourier Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Electron Distributed X-rays (EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-Ray Characterized using Diffraction Diffractrometer (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Zeta potential data. It was discovered that the UV-visible spectrum of the biologically produced silver nanoparticles generated at a maximal wavelength of 405.68 nm in the spectrum collected after 15 minutes. Furthermore, it was noted that the synthesized nanoparticles' UV spectrum, taken a month later, revealed the same wavelength and that the resulting nanoparticles were stable. CS-AgNPs' antimicrobial effects against gram-positive, gram-negative, and fungal pathogens were assessed employing the minimum inhibition concentration approach. Results: The generated CS-AgNPs were found to be active against both fungi and bacteria as a consequence. Conclusion: It turned out that even at very low concentrations, the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles enhanced with decreasing size and had high antibacterial and anticandidal implementation.

Ranunculus is a well-known flower having a great economic value for its bright colors and vibrant patterns. Given the importance of the ranunculus cut flower, conducting this study elucidated the genetic behavior and variability of various morphological attributes in ranunculus genotypes. Assessment of six ranunculus genotypes measured germination percentage (%), days to emergence, days to maturity, stem length, stem thickness, flowers per plant, flower size, and flower duration on the plant. Analysis of variance depicted significant variation in all the studied traits except days to emergence, number of stems, and germination percentage. Clustering ranunculus genotype with the Euclidean distances-based hierarchical clustering resulted in two clusters of the genotype. One genotype (red) did not join any group, indicating an early separation of this genotype during the evolution of Ranunculus species. Correlation analysis showed that most studied traits negatively correlated, with only a few positively correlating traits. The number of flowers per plant and stem length showed a d positive correlation (0.7437 and 0.8064, respectively). Overall, the results showed that the red, yellow, and rose genotypes are the best performers for cultivation to produce better-quality flowers. Genetic analysis using line × tester analysis revealed higher values for the SCA component than GCA, suggesting non-additive gene action for most traits under study. Moreover, the hybrids developed in the current study developed new color combinations/shades. These hybrids could further benefit ranunculus stable variant improvement.

Zoonoz olarak bilinen ve hayvanlardan insanlara doğrudan temas yoluyla veya gıda, su ve çevre ile bulaşabilen hastalık, Birleşmiş Milletler Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) verilerine göre yılda 2,5 milyar insana bulaşmakta, bunlardan 2,7 milyon kişinin ölümüne neden olmaktadır. Son zoonoz salgını olarak COVID-19, ilk vakanın ardından insandan insana bulaşarak iki yıl içinde 280 milyona yakın kişiyi etkilemiş, 5,5 milyon dolayında ölüme yol açmıştır. Zoonozlar bilhassa açık rekreasyon alanlarında, sağlığını korumak amacıyla gönüllü boş zaman etkinliklerine katılan bireyler için risk oluşturabilmektedir. Bu çalışma bireylerin hayvanlardan geçen hastalıklar olan zoonozlar konusundaki bilgi düzeyini ve zoonoz riski algısının açık alan rekreasyon faaliyetleri katılımıyla ilişkisini ölçmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ankara’nın Gölbaşı ilçesinde yer alan ve zoonoz riskinin yüksek olabileceği sulak araziler olan Mogan ve Eymir Gölü’ne yakın Aile Sağlığı Merkezlerine (ASM) başvuran 474 yetişkin bireyle yüz yüze görüşülerek anketi yanıtlamaları sağlanmıştır. Sonuçlar zoonozun risk olarak algılanmadığını ve farkında olunsa bile rekreasyona katılımda çekince yaratmadığını ortaya koymaktadır.

Military personnel and veterans who have deployed to Afghanistan, Iraq, and parts of Southwest Asia (SWA) since 1990 are at risk of developing a host of respiratory symptoms and deployment-related respiratory diseases (DRRDs). This review aims to summarize our current understanding of DRRD and inform pulmonary practitioners of recent updates to DRRD screening, diagnosis, evaluation, and management. The most common respiratory diseases in these patients include asthma, chronic sinonasal disease, laryngeal disease/dysfunction, and distal lung disease. Pulmonary function testing and chest imaging are the most commonly used diagnostic tools, but techniques such as lung clearance index testing via multiple breath washout, forced oscillation testing/impulse oscillometry, and quantitative chest computed tomography (CT) assessment appear promising as noninvasive modalities to aid in lung disease detection in this population. We also summarize guidance on conducting an occupational and deployment exposure history as well as recommendations for testing. Finally, we discuss the Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Act of 2022 (PACT Act) that includes a list of health conditions that are “presumptively” considered to be related to SWA military deployment toxic exposures, and provide resources for clinicians who evaluate and treat patients with DRRD.

In today's mathematics education, teachers are expected to have an adequate understanding of mathematical literacy and to know how to incorporate mathematical literacy understanding into their instructional practices. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate mathematics teachers' conceptions of mathematical literacy related to participation in a web-based learning environment about mathematical literacy and Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). The case study method was used and the participants consisted of 20 mathematics teachers determined by the criterion sampling method. The data were collected by semi-structured interviews. In the data analysis process content analysis method was used. The results revealed that, the participants who participated the web-based PISA education conceptualized mathematical literacy in relation to the use of mathematical knowledge and skills to deal with real-life problems and associated supporting mathematical literacy with supporting development of problem solving skill. However, the others conceptualized mathematical literacy as having mathematical knowledge and skills to solve math problems and considered problem solving as a goal in supporting mathematical literacy.

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, 5 farklı eğe sisteminin alt çene azı dişlerinde tekralayan kök kanal tedavisi uygulaması sırasında kök kanallarından taşan doku ve dolgu materyali miktarları üzerindeki etkilerini karşılaştırarak değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamızda 80 adet çekilmiş alt çene büyükazı dişine ait mezial kökler kullanıldı. Köklerin çalışma uzunluğu belirlenmesinin ardından şekillendirme prosedürü ProTaper Universal F2 nolu eğe ile tamamlandıktan sonra kanallar lateral kondenzasyon ile dolduruldu. Kanal tedavisi yenileme işleminde ProTaper Next, TF Adaptive, Endoart, WaveOne Gold ve ProTaper Universal Retreatment eğeleriyle olacak şekilde rastgele beş gruba ayrılarak kanal sökümü yapıldı. Taşan debris miktarı boş ağırlığı önceden ölçülmüş olan Eppendorf tüplerinde biriktirildi. Taşan debris miktarı tüm işlemler sonrası ölçüldü. Bulgular: Her deney gruplarının tamamında kök dışına madde çıkışı gözlendi. İstatistiksel analiz sonucunda ProTaper Next ve ProTaper Universal Retreatment anlamlı olarak TF Adaptive daha az taşkınlığa neden olduğu tespit edildi (p0,05). Tüm gruplar incelendiğinde en fazla materyal taşkınlığı WaveOne Gold grubunda görüldü. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada elde edilen bulgular değerlendirildiğinde, yeni üretilen bu eğe sistemi için, güncel ve yaygın olarak kullanılan eğeler ile elde edilen bulgular ile karşılaştırıldığında umut verici bir sonuç olarak değerlendirilebilir. Ancak, bu sistemin klinik performansının değerlendirilmesi için çok sayıda farklı araştırmaya ihtiyaç vardır.

ÖZET Mühimmat aerodinamiği çalışmaları, uçuş süresi boyunca çok farklı akış rejimlerinden geçen ve çok yüksek manevra kabiliyetine sahip olması gereken bir hava aracının oldukça sınırlı bir aerodinamik yüzey ile kontrol edilebilmesini gerektirmektedir. Bu zor hedefler tipik olarak, ön tasarım sürecinde basitleştirilmiş bir ön tasarım aracı ile binlerce farklı kanat-gövde seçeneğinin denenmesi ile gerçekleştirilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Bu aşamada, bulunan alternatif mühimmat geometrileri detaylı tasarım aşamasında HAD analizleri ile incelenmeye başlanmaktadır. Ancak bu aşama uzun ve maliyetli bir ön işlemleme iş yükünü içermektedir. Bu sebeple, ön tasarımdan gelen mühimmat geometrileri sınırlı sayıda tutulmaktadır. Ön tasarım araçlarının yeterince hassas çözüm veremediği düşünüldüğünde bu geçişin daha az maliyetli ancak çok daha hassas yöntemlerle yapılması gerektiği ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada popüler bir mühimmat aerodinamiği hızlı analiz programı olan Missile-DATCOM formatını kullanan, tamamen otomatik olarak çözüm hacmi ve çözüm ağı oluşturabilen yeni bir teknoloji geliştirilmiştir. Bu teknoloji ile mühimmat çevresi çok yüksek kalitede yapısal ağlarla örülmektedir. Kontrol kanatçıklarına istenilen açılar verilebilmekte ve istenilen uçuş şartlarında analiz koşulabilmesini sağlamaktadır. HAD analizleri Chimera ağ çözüm yeteneği bulunan ve laboratuvarımızda geliştirilmekte olan sıkıştırılabilir HAD çözücü ile gerçekleştirilmiş ve deney sonuçları ile çok iyi bir uyum gözlenmiştir.

Drilling predation is a common reason for mortality of benthic mollusks but did not become common until the late Mesozoic. The scarcity of drill holes in the early Mesozoic fossil record limits our understanding of the evolution of drilling behavior and its role on shaping early Mesozoic marine communities. Here, we use drilling traces on several bivalve taxa from the Lower Jurassic (Pliensbachian) marine soft-bottom deposits in northern Germany to explore behavioral patterns of the predator (e.g., site selectivity, change in site-selective behavior with age). Although none of the known drilling gastropod groups existed in the Pliensbachian, including the studied localities, the drill-hole morphology suggests that the predator was probably a gastropod. The ecology and identity of the target prey changes from a diverse array of epifaunal to infaunal taxa in older deposits to focus on a single, large, deep infaunal taxon, Gresslya intermedia, in younger deposits, suggesting a potential trend in prey selectivity over time. Spatial point pattern analysis of traces (SPPAT) reveals an aggregated pattern of drill holes on Gresslya, suggesting strong selectivity in drill-hole location. Drilling on a single large infaunal taxon and site selectivity are common patterns also inferred previously from the drilled deep infaunal Eothyasira from the Pliensbachian of southern Germany. In addition to the scarcity of predators, the highly specialized behavior of the early drilling predators, including strong prey selectivity in terms of prey identity and life habit, can partly explain the rarity of the early Mesozoic drill holes.

The Kolbe reaction forms carbon-carbon bonds through electrochemical decarboxylative coupling. Despite more than a century of study, the reaction has seen limited applications owing to extremely poor chemoselectivity and reliance on precious metal electrodes. In this work, we present a simple solution to this long-standing challenge: Switching the potential waveform from classical direct current to rapid alternating polarity renders various functional groups compatible and enables the reaction on sustainable carbon-based electrodes (amorphous carbon). This breakthrough enabled access to valuable molecules that range from useful unnatural amino acids to promising polymer building blocks from readily available carboxylic acids, including biomass-derived acids. Preliminary mechanistic studies implicate the role of waveform in modulating the local pH around the electrodes and the crucial role of acetone as an unconventional reaction solvent for Kolbe reaction.

Objectives Orthodontic patients struggle with interdental cleaning calling for simpler mechanical devices to reduce the high plaque levels. The present study aimed to compare the cleansing efficacy of an oral irrigator with that of dental flossing in patients with fixed braces after 4 weeks of home-use. Materials and methods The study design is a randomized and single-blinded cross-over study. After 28 days using the products at home, hygiene indices (Rustogi Modified Navy Plaque Index (RMNPI); gingival bleeding index (GBI)) were compared between test (oral irrigator) and control product (dental floss). Results Seventeen adult individuals finalized the study. After 28 days of cleaning with the oral irrigator, RMNPI was 54.96% (46.91–66.05) compared to 52.98% (42.75–65.60) with dental floss (p = 0.029). Subgroup analysis revealed that the higher cleansing efficacy of the dental floss is attributable to buccal and marginal areas. GBI after the test phase with the oral irrigator was 12.96% (7.14–24.31) and statistically significantly higher compared to 8.33% (5.84–15.33) with dental floss (p = 0.030) which could be seen in all subgroups. Conclusions Oral irrigators do not remove plaque and reduce gingival bleeding as efficiently as dental floss in easily accessible regions. However, in posterior regions, where the patients struggled with the application of dental floss, the oral irrigator showed similar results. Clinical relevance Oral irrigators should only be recommended to orthodontic patients who cannot use interdental brushes and are not compliant with dental flossing.

Recognizing that appellative systems are subjected to particular sociocultural codifications, through this study we try to verify whether the didactic presentation of the address forms, and in particular of the address forms of the Spanish-speaking world, is not limited only to a formal schematization, overlooking the interpretative clues about the scope of use and sociopragmatic conventions. Carrying out the analysis of a few manuals of Spanish as a foreign language, we try to find out what functional values acquire the address forms in the proposed contextualizations. In our approach, we take into account both pronominal and nominal address forms. Similarly, we propose to investigate the question of conceptualizations through which different methods of Spanish as a foreign language reflect the notional contents linked to the contexts of formality and proximity.