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This study examines the effect of behavioural therapy (biofeedback) and interferential current on bladder dysfunction in multiple sclerosis patients.Fifty patients with secondary progressive type multiple sclerosis (SPMS) suffering from bladder dysfunction were divided equally into two groups randomly. Group A (GA) received behavioural therapy (biofeedback training), while Group B (GB) received interferential current training. Both groups were assessed by urodynamics for detrusor pressure and maximum flow rate before and after eight weeks of behavioural therapy and interferential training.Both groups, GA and GB, showed significant increase in the detrusor pressure and maximum flow rate after eight weeks of training. There was no significant difference between both methods. However, GA showed more improvement by close observation.Both behavioural therapy and interferential current training effectively managed bladder dysfunction in patients with SPMS, with more evident effects in behavioural therapy patients by close observation.لمقارنة تأثير العلاج السلوكي (التغذية الراجعة) والتيار التداخلي على اختلال وظائف المثانة لدى مرضى التصلب المتعدد.تم تقسيم خمسين مريضا يعانون من مرض التصلب المتعدد التدريجي الثانوي (الذين يعانون من اختلال وظائف المثانة) بالتساوي إلى مجموعتين بشكل عشوائي. تلقت المجموعة "أ" العلاج السلوكي (تدريب التغذية الراجعة)، بينما تلقت المجموعة "ب" تدريب تيار تداخلي. تم تقييم كلا المجموعتين من خلال ديناميكا البول لضغط عضلة المثانة ومعدل التدفق الأقصى قبل وبعد ثمانية أسابيع من العلاج السلوكي والتدريب التداخلي.كلا المجموعتين أظهرت زيادة ذات دلالة احصائية في ضغط عضلة المثانة ومعدل التدفق الأقصى بعد ثمانية أسابيع من التدريب. بينما أظهرت المجموعة أ فقط زيادة أكبر بالملاحظة.أظهر كل من العلاج السلوكي والتدريب بالتيار التداخلي فاعلية في علاج ضعف المثانة لدى المرضى الذين يعانون من مرض التصلب المتعدد التدريجي الثانوي، مع تأثيرات إيجابية أكثر وضوحا في مرضى مجموعة العلاج السلوكي.

Central vision loss (CVL) caused by macular damage generally disables common daily tasks, which cannot be reversed by present treatments. Fortunately, it has been found that biofeedback training by inducing or reinforcing preferred retinal locus (PRL) as an eccentric fixation reference contributes to the improvement of visual performance in patients with CVL. However, the clinical application is still under controversy due to poor knowledge of its fundamental and inconsistent practical standards. This article aims to summarize the possible rationale for the development, location, re-location and evaluating indicators of PRL, and the general apparatus, protocol, and outcome of biofeedback PRL training.

Background: The increased amount of depression among people with diabetes is a burden on society. Biofeedback and meditation can impact the self-regulation of this group. Objective: This study aims to study the effect of combining meditation with a biofeedback training program on the stress and depression among diabetes people with mild depression. Methods: This study is based on a randomized controlled trial approach. One hundred two participants were divided into three groups of 34 participants each, involving meditation, a combination of meditation and Skin Conductance (SC) with Skin Temperature (ST) biofeedback, and a control group. All three groups received routine nursing. Measurements were made using the Symptoms of Stress Inventory (SOSI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and MANOVA and MANCOVA. The duration of the study was from June 2018 to October 2019. Results: There were statistically significant differences in stress and depression among the three groups. Those receiving both meditation and biofeedback had the greatest reduction in the linear combination of stress and depression. Accordingly, the biofeedback program is a program that is capable of helping people learn how to relax, as biofeedback instruments feed information back to people through on-screen visual signals, thus enabling them to learn about their progress and success. Conclusion: In summary, a combination of meditation and SC and ST biofeedback can reduce stress and depression in people with mild depression diabetes.

Background People with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are at a high risk of falls, with ~ 60% experiencing a fall each year. Greater mediolateral head and pelvis motion during gait are known to increase the risk of falling in PD, however the ability to modify these aspects of gait has not been examined. Thus, this study aimed to examine whether mediolateral trunk, head and pelvis motion during walking could be successfully decreased in people with PD using real-time biofeedback. Methods Participants were provided with real-time biofeedback regarding their mediolateral trunk lean via a visual projection whilst walking along an 8-m indoor walkway. Using the feedback provided, they were asked to reduce the magnitude of their mediolateral trunk lean. Gait was recorded for four conditions (i) Baseline, (ii) Intervention, (iii) immediately Post-Intervention, and (iv) 1-week Follow-Up. Biomechanical variables associated with falls risk were compared between conditions, including normalised mediolateral motion, gait velocity and stride length. Results A reduction in mediolateral trunk lean, step length and gait velocity from Baseline to the Intervention and Post-intervention conditions was observed. Contrary to this, increased normalised ML pelvis and trunk motion was observed between the Baseline and Intervention conditions, but returned to Baseline levels in the Post-Intervention condition. Conclusions Results from the current study suggest that real-time visual biofeedback may be effective at modifying specific gait characteristics that are associated with falls in PD. Further research is required to better understand the influence of this intervention approach on falls incidence. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12620000994987. Registered 10 June 2020 - Retrospectively registered, https://anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=380324

Motor disorders are characterised by damage to the central nervous system, which subsequently affects muscles, motor skills and brain function. People with motor disorders can suffer injury as a result of falls and recovery from falls can be challenging. Augmented biofeedback modalities is an important tool used in physical therapy, providing individuals with biofeedback that helps guide them through the therapy. Biofeedback modalities have been designed for most of our senses, including auditory, visual and haptic and advances in technology have meant that biofeedback therapy can make use of wearable technology and future advances are expected to further assist. Therefore, it will be key to determine which biofeedback method works best for different training exercises and conditions in order to maximise the benefits of technological advances. Dr Naoya Hasegawa and Professor Tadayoshi Asaka are investigating which biofeedback method works best for different therapies. Their goal is to understand the characteristics of sensory modalities used for biofeedback training in order to help physical therapists determine appropriate approaches for different individuals. The researchers are currently investigating postural control with a view to defining the characteristics of postural control during walking and standing and developing new methods to enhance or improve it. This work involves the use of force plates, 3D motion analysis systems and electromyograms.

Purpose: Biofeedback training (BT) was adapted to idiopathic infantile nystagmus syndrome (IINS) cases to enhance visual functions and quality of life (QoL). Methods: 10 patients (age 9 ± 3.2 years) treated with the audio-visual BT module of the MAIA microperimeter (Centervue, Padova, Italy) were assessed in two baseline visits and 1week post-BT (BT 80 min in total). The outcomes were distance and near binocular best corrected visual acuity (BBCVA), fixation stability, reading speed, contrast sensitivity, stereopsis and Children’s Visual Function Questionnaire. One-way repeated measured ANOVA and paired t-tests were used. Results: Distance BBCVA improved from 0.46 ± 0.21 and 0.43 ± 0.18 pre-BT to 0.33 ± 0.2 logMAR post-BT ( F (2,27) = 13.75, p = 0.0002). Post-BT was better than baseline ( p = 0.0001) and pre-BT ( p = 0.001). Near BBCVA improved from 0.23 ± 0.09 and 0.21 ± 0.14 pre-BT to 0.04 ± 0.08 post-BT (F (2,27) = 22.12, p = 0.000014), post-BT was better than baseline ( p = 0.0001) and pre-BT ( p = 0.0006). Stereopsis improved from 283 ± 338″ to 39 ± 32.2″ ( p = 0.04), contrast sensitivity from 0.26 ± 0.17 to 0.08 ± 0.12 log units ( p = 0.01), and reading speed improved from 74.7 ± 51.2 wpm to 104.7 ± 53.6 wpm ( p = 0.0006). Fixation stability improved from 33.6 ± 28.1 to 14.3 ± 10.1 sq. QoL increased from 23.8 ± 2.2 to 26.3 ± 2.3 units ( p = 0.001). Conclusion: BT benefited all visual functions and QoL in this pilot study, heralding a new possibility for Low Vision Rehabilitation in IINS.

The research materials present the results of the use of respiratory sinus arrhythmia–biofeedback (RSA-BFB) therapy aimed at improving the adaptation of students with different initial autonomic tone. It has been shown that the effectiveness of biofeedback therapy significantly depends on the specifics of trophotropic and ergotropic processes in students with various types of autonomic regulation. In individuals with a predominance of vagotonic effects on the heart rate, biofeedback training is most effective at the beginning of the school year; in the case of predominance of sympathetic influences, RSA-BFB therapy most effectively optimizes the functional state of the body at the end of the school year; for a persons with eitonic type of autonomic regulation the healing effect has a stabilizing influence regardless of the annual cycle of learning activity.

To evaluate the efficacy of visual rehabilitation with microperimeter biofeedback in patients with central scotoma.35 consecutive patients with central scotoma (17 age-related macular degeneration (AMD), 14 Stargardt disease, and 4 cone dystrophy) were included in the study. Visual acuity, reading performance by Minnesota Low Vision Reading Test (MNREAD), quality of life by 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25), and fixation analysis by MAIA microperimeter were evaluated before and 1 month after training. The rehabilitation program consisted of 10 training sessions of 10 minutes.The median best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.80 logMAR (range 0.3 to 1.3 logMAR). Fifty-nine percent of patients with AMD developed a preferred retinal locus (PRL) nasal to the fovea, and 64% of the patients with Stargardt disease preferred a PRL superior to the fovea. The PRL location in 3 of 4 cone dystrophy patients was nasal to the fovea. The mean PRL distance from the fovea was 7.57 ± 3.61 degrees. Fixation stability improved with P1 values of 22.34 ± 11.81 versus 32.05 ± 18.79 (Rehabilitation with acoustic biofeedback in patients with central scotoma looks like a useful technique for improving fixation stability, reading performance and quality of life.

Purpose: This study explored the experiences of young adults who participated in biofeedback training and reported a family history of cardiovascular disease. Design: A qualitative descriptive study design was used. Method: Private semistructured interviews were conducted on a purposive sample. Young adults ( N = 9) were interviewed about their experiences using paced breathing biofeedback training with continuous blood pressure monitoring. Codes were identified across the sample with common themes recorded. Findings: Data analysis yielded four themes: skeptical inquisition, tangible impression, positive health impact, and motivation. Prior to using biofeedback, participants were extremely skeptical of the training. However, all participants found it useful for health maintenance and stress reduction. Conclusions: Biofeedback therapy may be a promising alternative and holistic approach to managing blood pressure and psychological stress in young adults. This is a complementary approach that nurses can incorporate when caring for the holistic needs of young adults.

Background: Adolescents with an Internet overuse problem and risk of Internet addiction (IA) have a disturbed autonomic nervous system balance. The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of short-term heart rate variability biofeedback (HRV-BF) training to increase the total power (TP) of HRV spectrum in adolescents 15-16 years of age with different risks of IA development. Materials and Results: The study involved 20 healthy youths (15-16 years of age) of Arkhangelsk secondary school. The survey was conducted using the Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS) in the Russian version of Malygin et al.(2011). SBP (systolic blood pressure), DBP (diastolic blood pressure) and HRV indicators (HR, TP of the HRV spectrum, and SI) were recorded in relaxation (3 min) and during the HRV-BF training session (3 min). According to the CIAS score, 2 groups were identified: Group 1 (n=9) with minimal IA risk (CIAS score

Introduction: Functional Neurometry makes Biofeedback tools already demonstrated in the literature, such as: galvanic skin response, cardiac coherence and variability, thermoregulatory and respiratory interact with each other. Objective: The aim of this study was to report the historical and methodological aspects of the Functional Neurometry protocols. Method: A review was made in the MEDLINE / PubMed electronic indexing database and in the Web of Science. Results: This method intends to synchronize the frequencies of various organs linked to the autonomic nervous system (ANS) to control anxiety. Assessment and training are organized into categories. The categories of the assessment protocol are: 1st) Anxiety Control; 2nd) Physiological Response; 3rd) Baroreflex Index; 4th) hemodynamics; and 5th) Brain Neurometry and the training protocol categories are: I) Sound Anxiety Control; II) Visual Anxiety Control; III) Emotional Variability; IV) Respiratory Amplitude and Frequency; V) Progressive Muscle Relaxation; VI) Functional Physiological Response; VII) Respiratory Functional Capacity; VIII) Heart Rate Variability and IV) Cardiac Coherence. Conclusion: Functional neurometry mainly allows the balance of the ANS, making it a protective filter of the central nervous system.

Biofeedback may accelerate post-stroke motor recovery during exoskeleton-assisted gait training. A wearable vibrotactile human-robot interaction (HRI)-based biofeedback is proposed to improve human-exoskeleton compliance during gait training assisted by an ankle-foot exoskeleton (AFE). A pre-post study with four healthy subjects was conducted to evaluate biofeedback training’s efficacy. Results show statistically significant improvements (p-value: 4.56e−4–0.03) in HRI torque outcomes and the participants felt motivated about training. Findings suggest that the proposed biofeedback can enhance human-robot compliance.

While difficulties regulating emotions are almost ubiquitous after traumatic brain injury (TBI), remediation techniques are limited. Heart-rate variability (HRV) is a physiological measure of emotion regulation and can be modified using biofeedback training. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of repeated biofeedback training for improving emotion regulation difficulties following TBI.Fifty adults with severe TBI were allocated to either biofeedback or waitlist conditions. Treatment consisted of six biofeedback sessions whereby participants were taught to breathe at their resonant frequency. Outcomes included changes in physiological and subjective reactivity to anger-induction, emotional well-being, and physiology at rest, together with symptoms of psychological distress and sleep disturbances (ACTRN12618002031246).While biofeedback led to reduced skin conductance, it did not affect any other objective or subjective response to the mood induction procedure. Biofeedback led to fewer sleep disturbances, and reduced negative mood valence and depression during follow-up.HRV biofeedback training is a feasible technique following TBI that transfers to improved symptoms of general emotional well-being, psychological distress, and sleep. Biofeedback does not transfer to a laboratory-based emotional provocation task. HRV biofeedback training may represent a novel adjunct for generalized emotional difficulties following injury.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) neurofeedback training (NFT) and biofeedback training (BFT) intervention on ice hockey shooting performance. Specifically, the purpose was to examine (a) whether an NFT/BFT program could improve ice hockey shooting performance, (b) whether the implementation of an SMR-NFT intervention leads to neurological adaptations during performance, and (c) whether such neurological changes account for improvement in shooting performance. Using a longitudinal stratified random control design, results demonstrated that while both SMR-NFT/BFT and control groups improved performance, the rate of improvement for the SMR-NFT/BFT group was significantly higher than the control. Participants in the SMR-NFT/BFT group demonstrated the ability to significantly increase SMR power from pre- to postintervention in the lab. However, no significant changes in SMR power were found during shooting performance. This result may be suggestive of differing cortical activity present during motor-skill preparation.

Importance Cognitive training with components that can further enhance the transferred and long-term effects and slow the progress of dementia is needed for preventing dementia. Objective The goal of the study is to test whether improving autonomic nervous system (ANS) flexibility via a resonance frequency breathing (RFB) training will strengthen the effects of a visual speed of processing (VSOP) cognitive training on cognitive and brain function, and slow the progress of dementia in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Design Stage II double-blinded randomized controlled trial. The study was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, with registration approved on 21 August 2020 (No. NCT04522791). Setting Study-related appointments will be conducted on-site at University of Rochester Medical Center locations. Data collection will be conducted from August 2020 to February 2025. Participants Older adults with MCI (n = 114) will be randomly assigned to an 8-week combined intervention (RFB+VSOP), VSOP with guided imagery relaxation (IR) control, and a IR-only control, with periodical booster training sessions at follow-ups. Mechanistic and distal outcomes include ANS flexibility, measured by heart rate variability, and multiple markers of dementia progress. Data will be collected across a 14-month period. Discussion This will be among the first RCTs to examine in older persons with MCI a novel, combined intervention targeting ANS flexibility, an important contributor to overall environmental adaptation, with an ultimate goal for slowing neurodegeneration. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04522791. Registered on 21 August 2020 Protocol version: STUDY00004727; IRB protocol version 2, approved on 30 July 2020.

To review the literature on using the stabilometric biofeedback technology for overcoming depression, we first provided the search of those investigations that directed on the study of the reliable objectively measurable prognostic and diagnostic criteria of the rumination and psychomotor retardation of depression, which can be used as a biofeedback target for voluntary modification of postural control. Secondly, we reviewed the works that studied the development of non-pharmacological personalized methods that implied postural control training using biofeedback when performing the dual posture-motor tasks.

Objective: To compare the effects of Cranio cervical flexion training with and without pressure biofeedback on deep cervical muscular endurance in patients with mechanical chronic neck pain. Methods: A randomized control trial was conducted at Railway General Hospital Rawalpindi, from May to December 2019. It consisted of thirty participants with the age ranging from 25 to 40 years, and having chronic mechanical neck pain. The participants were randomly allocated into two groups Group-A received Craniocervical flexion training with pressure biofeedback and Group-B received Craniocervical flexion training without pressure biofeedback. The intervention was applied for four weeks (3 sessions per week). Assessments were taken at Pre, Post intervention and after six weeks of follow up. Data analysis was done using SPSS-21 version. Results: The mean age of Group-A and Group-B was 29.40±3.08 and 31.33±4.95 respectively. Between-group analyses has shown statistically and clinically significant improvement in Group-A regarding deep neck muscles endurance (p

Many people are staying home to prevent the spread of COVID-19 infections. The exercise is expected to prevent locomotive syndrome and enhance health promotion. Incidentally, the motion is driven by contraction/relaxation of muscles, which can be evaluated by the motion capture system and/or the surface Electromyography (sEMG). Now, the sEMG is known to be a noninvasive, unconstrained measurement that can be recorded simultaneously with the other bio-signal. In this chapter, a statistical procedure is herein introduced to evaluate the sEMG during the biofeedback training (BFT). We believe that the mathematical methods in this chapter will contribute to one of the nature and/or the basic techniques of the neuro-biofeedback and its training.

Heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback training is known for its effectiveness in improving physical health, emotional health, and resilience by the ability to regulate heart rhythm. However, there are various challenges in delivering and interpreting the biofeedback information, which prevents an optimal experience. Therefore, this study presents the fundamentals of developing a real-time HRV biofeedback system using deep breathing exercise by exploring the minimum time window of RR-intervals resulting in a reliable analysis. Moreover, it investigates the appropriate HRV measures by examining the significant changes between resting and breathing conditions and the trends consistency across ultra-short-term segments. The overall results suggest that a minimum time window of 20-seconds can provide a reliable HRV time-domain analysis. Whereas the possible HRV measures that can be used in a real-time biofeedback system are SDNN, LF, and total power. These outcomes will contribute to the design of a self-monitoring HRV biofeedback system based on a multi-modal approach.

Biofeedback is a way to learn how to regulate body function and control through a series of training sessions. Using biofeedback training in sports science to adjust the level of sports arousal can also enhance athletes’ control ability. In this article, literature is used to explain the overview of biofeedback training, its application in sports science, problems and prospects.

Hypotonicity of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) has been reported only two times previously in the literature, with no reports of treatment options for this rarity. We present a third case of hypotonic UES found during high-resolution pharyngeal manometry. Although the patient had nearly absent resting pressures of the UES, pressures during and post-swallow were normal. It was hypothesized that the patient might be able to increase pre-swallow UES pressure using biofeedback. Using a chin up/out maneuver during manometry, the patient was able to achieve a more normal swallow pressure pattern. This case also highlights the need to complete manometry alongside other swallow imaging techniques for effective treatment planning and patient outcomes. Laryngoscope, 131:E1567-E1569, 2021.

Psychiatric ward (PW) nurses are at a higher risk to encounter workplace violence than are other healthcare providers, and many interventions have been developed to improve their mental health. We compared the effectiveness of biofeedback training (BT) and smartphone-delivered BT (SDBT) interventions on occupational stress, depressive symptoms, resilience, heart rate variability, and respiration rate in a sample of abused PW nurses. This was a quasi-experimental study. Structured questionnaires were administered before and six weeks after the intervention. Data were collected from April 2017 to October 2017. A total of 159 abused PW nurses were randomly assigned to BT, SDBT, and control groups, and 135 of them completed all processes of our protocol, with the study consisting of 119 females (88.1%) and 16 males (11.9%) and their age range being from 22 to 59 with the mean age of 35.61 and a standard deviation of 8.16. Compared to the controls, both the BT and the SDBT intervention groups experienced significant improvements in depressive symptoms, resilience, and respiration rate, and the SDBT group experienced significant reductions in occupational stress. Considering the cost, accessibility, restrictions time and space, SDBT be used as an effective intervention in people with resilience or occupational stress.

Background The aim of the experiment was to analyze the influence of posturographic platform biofeedback training on the static and dynamic balance of patients who experienced ischemic stroke. Materials and methods The study included 20 patients treated at the Rehabilitation Center of the District Hospital in Bialogard, in the Ward of Neurological Rehabilitation with the Stroke Division. The age of the patients (10 in the experimental group and 10 in the control group) ranged between 60 and 72 years. The level of balance was determined with one-leg standing test and timed up & go test. The experimental group was subjected to the biofeedback training, practicing maintenance of body balance ("forced sway training") on posturographic platform for 15 consecutive days. Results The static balance on right leg and dynamic balance in group E improved to a markedly greater extent (P Conclusions The effects of feedback mechanisms during training on a posturographic platform can be reflected by enhanced stimulation and further improvement of the control of different, more complicated performed motor tasks.

Psychological preparation (PP) is an essential fundamental factor of any sport training programme. This preparation is critical and influential in the athlete’s success. Periodization is a basic pr...

The aim of this study was to investigate muscle activity in the infraspinatus and posterior deltoid and infraspinatus muscle thickness during a prone external rotation (PER) exercise using pressure biofeedback. Fifteen healthy men participated in this study, performing PER exercise with pressure biofeedback under four conditions (comfortable, 2 mm Hg, 4 mm Hg, and 8 mm Hg). Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to monitor infraspinatus and posterior deltoid muscle activity, and ultrasonography was used to collect infraspinatus muscle thickness data. Infraspinatus activity and muscle thickness were greatest at 2 mm Hg pressure feedback, and both measures were significantly different from those under other pressure feedback conditions (p 0.05). In contrast, posterior deltoid activity was lower at 2 mm Hg. However, there was no significant difference between any of the four pressure feedback conditions. These findings suggest that PER exercise with pressure biofeedback, particularly at 2 mm Hg, is effective in selectively activating the infraspinatus muscle.

For the crawl stroke in swimming, it is important that the stroke made by the upper limbs and the flutter kick made by the lower limbs are well coordinated in order to enhance swimming performance. However, the training method to acquire the appropriate flutter kick timing has not been sufficiently established. In the present study, a biofeedback training system for swimmers to acquire appropriate kick timing was proposed. In this system, the most difficult and important part is the estimation of the appropriate kick timing. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a kick timing estimation algorithm in the crawl stroke for biofeedback training system using neural oscillators. First, a CPG network which outputs the kick estimation timing according to the input was constructed. In order to synchronize the roll angle in the CPG network with the actual one measured by a sensor, a special algorithm to change the cycle of the oscillation for the CPG network was introduced. Validation for the output of sinusoidal input accompanying sudden change in cycle was examined. It was found that the output signal for the roll tracked the input signal well, despite the sudden change in cycle. Validation for the actual input obtained in the experiment was next examined. It was found that the output from the CPG network was sufficiently consistent with the experimental values, suggesting sufficient performance of the proposed estimation algorithm.

Neurofeedback training is a technique which has seen a widespread use in clinical applications, but has only given its first steps in the sport environment. Therefore, there is still little information about the effects that this technique might have on parameters, which are relevant for athletes’ health and performance, such as heart rate variability, which has been linked to physiological recovery. In the sport domain, no studies have tried to understand the effects of neurofeedback training on heart rate variability, even though some studies have compared the effects of doing neurofeedback or heart rate biofeedback training on performance. The main goal of the present study was to understand if alpha-band neurofeedback training could lead to increases in heart rate variability. 30 male student-athletes, divided into two groups, (21.2 ± 2.62 year 2/week protocol and 22.6 ± 1.1 year 3/week protocol) participated in the study, of which three subjects were excluded. Both groups performed a pre-test, a trial session and 12 neurofeedback sessions, which consisted of 25 trials of 60 s of a neurofeedback task, with 5 s rest in-between trials. The total neurofeedback session time for each subject was 300 min in both groups. Throughout the experiment, electroencephalography and heart rate variability signals were recorded. Only the three sessions/week group revealed significant improvements in mean heart rate variability at the end of the 12 neurofeedback sessions (p = 0.05); however, significant interaction was not found when compared with both groups. It is possible to conclude that neurofeedback training of individual alpha band may induce changes in heart rate variability in physically active athletes.

Producción Científica, Neurofeedback training (NFT) has shown promising results in recent years as a tool to address the effects of age-related cognitive decline in the elderly. Since previous studies have linked reduced complexity of electroencephalography (EEG) signal to the process of cognitive decline, we propose the use of non-linear methods to characterise changes in EEG complexity induced by NFT. In this study, we analyse the pre- and post-training EEG from 11 elderly subjects who performed an NFT based on motor imagery (MI–NFT). Spectral changes were studied using relative power (RP) from classical frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, and beta), whilst multiscale entropy (MSE) was applied to assess EEG-induced complexity changes. Furthermore, we analysed the subject’s scores from Luria tests performed before and after MI–NFT. We found that MI–NFT induced a power shift towards rapid frequencies, as well as an increase of EEG complexity in all channels, except for C3. These improvements were most evident in frontal channels. Moreover, results from cognitive tests showed significant enhancement in intellectual and memory functions. Therefore, our findings suggest the usefulness of MI–NFT to improve cognitive functions in the elderly and encourage future studies to use MSE as a metric to characterise EEG changes induced by MI–NFT., Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Grants PID2020-115468RB-I00 and RTC2019- 007350-1), Gobierno de España (Agencia Estatal de Investigación) - (Projects 10.13039/ 501100011033), Unión Europea y Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) - (Cooperation Programme Interreg V-A Spain-Portugal POCTEP 2014–2020)

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do treinamento em biofeedback de variabilidade da frequência cardíaca na redução de sintomas de estresse e ansiedade em atletas. Participaram do estudo atletas de uma equipe de handebol de uma cidade do estado de São Paulo. O software de biofeedback utilizado foi o EmWave® Desktop PC e seus efeitos foram avaliados através dos instrumentos: Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida (WHOQOL – BREF), Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (BAI), Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp (ISSL) e Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2). O treinamento em biofeedback promoveu melhora na qualidade de vida e redução do estresse e ansiedade competitiva dos atletas, o que sugere sua eficácia como recurso terapêutico nesta população.

This study investigated the effects of integrating biofeedback training into a 3-month periodized training program on psychophysiological outcomes among junior archery athletes. Twenty-one junior archers (age = 15.0 ± 1.7 years) participated in the study. Participants were matched according to their shooting scores and they were assigned into either three groups; biofeedback training (BFT), physical training (PT) and control groups (CON). Both experimental groups underwent three months of periodized training program, while the control group continued the normal routine training until end of the study period. All parameters were measured at baseline, pre-intervention, mid, and post-intervention. The results of mixed factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant interaction between experimental groups across the measurement sessions (p < 0.05) for galvanic skin response (GSR). The finding showed that the experimental groups had significantly better reduction in GSR value compared to the control group. No significant interactions between the experimental groups across the measurement sessions for somatic anxiety, cognitive anxiety as well as self-confidence. However, the results indicated a pattern of decrement in somatic and cognitive anxiety among participant in the experimental groups. Furthermore, similar pattern was observed for the self-confidence after the intervention for the experimental groups. It can be implied that biofeedback training program and physical training program are equally effective in improving the psychophysiological among junior archers compare to the normal routine training.

Background: Ambulant biofeedback devices can be used to provide real-time feedback for trauma patients on weight-bearing regimes. The devices also enable prescribing clinicians to monitor and train patients? level of weight-bearing. However, there is limited evidence regarding the feasibility of use of such devices in controlling weight-bearing, and their full potential remains to be elucidated. Objective: To investigate the feasibility of using ambulant biofeedback training devices to improve compliance with weight-bearing regimes in trauma patients with lower extremity fractures. Methods: A literature review of the feasibility and clinical validity of ambulant biofeedback devices. Results: Three clinically validated biofeedback devices were found feasible for use in monitoring the compliance of patients who have lower extremity fractures with different weight-bearing regimes. Conclusion: Further information about the feasibility and clinical validity of biofeedback training devices is nee-ded in order to optimize weight-bearing instructions for patients.

In this paper, we have developed the intellectual Kegel trainer with the bio-feedback. The one is smart health care system that can treat an evacuation impediment and urination polyuria with the low frequency stimulation module. Then this detects the shrinkage power of the pelvis muscles and correlates an smart phone entertainment application program for the users. In order to recover the function of pelvic muscles, we use the intellectual smart health care trainer with several biofeedback function. Such a trainer makes to strength the weakness pelvic muscles by biofeedback training and get exercise the pelvic muscles in physical suppress. The biofeedback training against the physical suppress can have strengthen the pelvic muscles and can display the operation graph of strengthen movement in monitor. Finally, It can be ensured the safety through EMI and performance test.

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of combining augmented biofeedback training and standard therapy for improving visual-motor integration (VMI), visual perception (VP), and ...

This paper proposes the stress levels classification system based on electroencephalography (EEG) and facial-electromyography (fEMG) signals. The proposed system consists of two main parts; the first is an observation of brain and facial muscular activities during stress state, which is activated by the mental arithmetic tests. The second is the development of stress level classification system via hybrid EEG-fEMG and the design of fEMG-based biofeedback training to reduce stress. The results revealed that EEG in frequency domain beta feature of frontal region achieved a high average accuracy. Hence, hybrid EEG-fEMG modality can be used to measure stress level. Moreover, fEMG-based biofeedback training system might be used to relieve stress. In the future, we will test this system on a variety of subjects and implement the proposed fEMG biofeedback training system for a stress relief.

Valid peripheral temperature measurements ensure the integrity of client assessment and biofeedback training. Accurate measurements require understanding of the signal and potential influences on measurement fidelity, and developing bulletproof monitoring procedures. In addition to their use in temperature biofeedback, thermistors can assist heart rate variability biofeedback practice and monitor breathing when a respirometer is not available.

Mindfulness training programs are being integrated in many school systems around the world. Biofeedback professionals can use their unique training to help students and teachers learn and further develop powerful self-regulation skills that are incorporated in mindfulness training. Biofeedback training can improve learning these skills because of the clarity and specificity of the physiological feedback given through biofeedback training. There are numerous ways of integrating biofeedback and mindfulness that are beneficial to educators and students for reducing stress and anxiety and improving performance.