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The patterns of perception of a part and a whole of multimodal emotional dynamic states of people unfamiliar to observers are studied. Audio-video clips of fourteen key emotional states expressed by specially trained actors were randomly presented to two groups of observers. In one group (N=96, average age — 34, SD — 9.4l.), each audio—video image was shown in full, in the other (N=78, average age — 25, SD — 9.6l.), it was divided into two parts of equal duration from the beginning to the conditional middle (short phonetic pause) and from the middle to the end of the exposure. The stimulus material contained facial expressions, gestures, head and eye movements, changes in the position of the body of the sitters, who voiced pseudolinguistic statements accompanied by affective intonations. The accuracy of identification and the structure of categorical fields were evaluated depending on the modality and form (whole/part) of the exposure of affective states. After the exposure of each audio-video image from the presented list of emotions, observers were required to choose the one that best corresponds to what they saw. According to the data obtained, the accuracy of identifying the emotions of the initial and final fragments of audio-video images practically coincide, but significantly less than with full exposure. Functional differences in the perception of fragmented audio-video images of the same emotional states are revealed. The modes of transitions from the initial stage to the final one and the conditions affecting the relative speed of the perceptual process are shown. The uneven formation of the information basis of multimodal expressions and the heterochronous perceptogenesis of emotional states of actors are demonstrated.

The observers’ ideas about the value orientations of visual communicants were experimentally studied. The subjects were sequentially presented in random order with the faces of people depicted in photographs and artistic portraits. It was required, on the basis of a list of terminal and instrumental value orientations (M. Rokeach), first to evaluate one’s own beliefs, then the demonstrated characters. It is shown that the integral profiles of value ideas about personalities depicted in portraits and photos are well matched, have a similar structure and similar scores. The beliefs of characters in portraits are statistically higher than those in photographs. The effect is preserved when the values are differentiated by categories. Significant differences were obtained in relation to the following values: terminal values — Cognition, Mature love, Material wellbeing, Beauty, Happy family life, Pleasures; instrumental — Goodupbringing, Education, Diligence, Tolerance, Sensitivity, Cheerfulness. The observers’ ideas about their own values differ significantly from the value orientations of the depicted people and have little effect on their assessments.

This article examines the changes in mental states and personality creativity when working with short-term virtual reality. This is part of comprehensive research on personality (and mental in general) changes in didactic and training VR programs. The first part of the work was aimed at examining the influence of modern didactic programs in virtual reality (VR) on mental states in adolescence. The materials of empirical research obtained on a sample of 1—2-year students of the Moscow State University of Psychology and Education and SmolSU are presented. In study 1 (N = 73) (with a highly immersive VR program) and 2 (N = 46) (using a didactic VR environment of low immersion), respondents aged 19 to 26 took part. We used the «Actual state» methodology by L.V. Kulikova, «Assessment of Mood», didactic VR programs are used as instructive independent variables. The results obtained indicate that the didactic VR environment of the highest level may has a significant effect on mental states, increasing indicators on the scales of activation, excitement, tone, euphoria, and reducing asthenia indicators. Conditions such as well-being, normal mood, calmness remain stable in immersive didactic VR. In the control sample, in a less immersive VR-environment, statistically significant changes in indicators — tone, excitement, well-being were not revealed. The second part of the research, which examines the effect of higher-level VR programs on creativity, was carried out using a similar mixed factorial design with one independent variable. Johnson’s questionnaire, Torrance and Rorschach tests were used to diagnose creativity. In the experimental group (with vive helmets), in the parameters of all three tests, significant differences were diagnosed according to the Wilcoxon criterion of no less than 95%. In the control group, where the subjects worked with the same program («Surfaces of the second order») on ordinary monitors, the significance of the changes was confirmed by the method of Johnson and Torrance by the Wilcoxon test, by the G test «in Torrance», the changes were not reliable, by «Rorschach», by the two criteria, the changes were not reliable. In general, the results showed that the higher immersiveness of even short didactic VR programs promotes greater changes in creativity. The effectiveness of VR programs in influencing mental states and creativity is determined by the successful modeling of 3D objects, high animation, interactivity, originally incorporated into the content of higher level VR. Changes in creativity in VR, along with changes in cognitive processes, personal parameters (motivation, abilities, focus, consciousness), mental states are considered as an indicator of the presence and specificity of VR ontology.

Extreme temporal condition for visual identification task is held. A gaze-contingent eyetracking study was used to assess how presaccadic stimulus influences the one presented during a reactive saccade. A strong forward masking effect is found. Identification rate of second image is below chance, but still in accordance with previous studies, where no masking was present. Identification rate, erratic responses, statistical connection with alternative response (2AFC task), physical properties of saccades are similar to simple intrasaccadic identification task [3; 5]. Two aspects of transsaccadic visual perception were hypothesized, possessing common temporal structure: sensoric (geometric primitive detection) and gnostical (naturalistically valid object identification).

As a rule, gender differences in the perception of human emotional states are studied on the basis of static pictures of face, gestures or poses. The dynamics and multiplicity of the emotion expression remain in the «blind zone». This work is aimed at finding relationships in the perception of the procedural characteristics of the emotion expression. The influence of gender and age on the identification of human emotional states is experimentally investigated in ecologically and socially valid situations. The experiments were based on the Russian-language version of the Geneva Emotion Recognition Test (GERT).83 audio-video clips of fourteen emotional states expressed by ten specially trained professional actors (five men and five women, average age 37 years) were randomly demonstrated to Russian participants (48 women and 48 men, Europeans, ages ranged from 20 to 62 years, with a mean age of 34 (SD = 9,4).It is shown that women recognize multimodal dynamic emotions more accurately, especially those which were expressed by women. Gender and age differences in identification accuracy are statistically significant for five emotions: joy, amusement, irritation, anger, and surprise. On women’s faces, joy, surprise, irritation and anger are more accurately recognized by women over 35 years of age (p

This study the role of emotional expressions of the sitter’s face in the perception of his personality traits. The scores given by observers on the scales of the “Personality Differential” for images of a calm face and the face of the same sitter, demonstrating six basic emotions, were compared. Forty-nine photographic images of the emotional states of seven sitters included in the RaFD database were used as stimulus material. A total of 193 Moscow university students (66 men and 127 women, mean age 23.3 years) participated in the experiment. A 17% statistically significant change in personality scores was recorded, two-thirds of which tended toward the positive poles of the scales. Changing perceptions of a person’s personality suggests a coherent relationship between emotion modality and personality traits. Each basic expression influences a specific group of 10-15 traits, and in different ways. Each trait relies on an affective configuration with its own specificity. Disgust has the maximum integrative influence on the view of the sitter’s personality. Joy causes extremely high positive changes, while sadness and astonishment cause moderate, symmetrical changes in the ratio of positive and negative shifts. Fear and anger lead to an equilibrium of positive and negative evaluations. The highest volume of trait changes is obtained for the “Activity” factor (A), which is associated mainly with positive shifts, the lowest volume is for the “Evaluation” factor (E), which is, together with the “Strength” factor (S), the main source of negative changes in the sitters’ perception. The volume of affective feature shifts is determined by the morphotype of the face and the individual stylistics of emotion expression. In everyday life, the possibility of affective changes in traits does not violate the general invariance of interpersonal perception.

This research describes a method for studying the authenticity/unauthenticity of the information re- ported by people in video images. It is based on automatic tracking of coordinates of key points of a speaker’s face using OpenFace software. When processing the data, the multiple linear regression procedure is used. It was found that the dynamics of neighboring key points in the obtained models has a multidirectional char- acter, indicating the presence of a superposition of several dynamic structures, corresponding to the characteristic complex changes in the face position and facial expressions of the sitter. Their isolation is realized by means of the principal component analysis. It is shown, that the first 11 principal components describe 99.7% of the variability of the initial data. The correlation analysis between the number of credibility/confidence statements on the set of time intervals and the principal component loadings, allows to differentiate the dynamic structures of the face, connected with the assessments of credibility of the reported information. Automated analysis of face dynamics optimizes the process of collecting empirical data on the sitter’s appearance and their semantic structuring, as well as expands the range of predictors of the assessments of the truthfulness of the messages received.

The article is devoted to the results of approbation of the Geneva Emotion Recognition Test (GERT), a Swiss method for assessing dynamic emotional states, on Russian sample. Identification accuracy and the categorical fields’ structure of emotional expressions of a “living” face are analysed. Similarities and differences in the perception of affective groups of dynamic emotions in the Russian and Swiss samples are considered. A number of patterns of recognition of multi-modal expressions with changes in valence and arousal of emotions are described. Differences in the perception of dynamics and statics of emotional expressions are revealed. GERT method confirmed it’s high potential for solving a wide range of academic and applied problems.

The article provides a review of experimental studies of interpersonal perception on the material of static and dynamic facial expressions as a unique source of information about the person’s inner world. The focus is on the patterns of perception of a moving face, included in the processes of communication and joint activities (an alternative to the most commonly studied perception of static images of a person outside of a behavioral context). The review includes four interrelated topics: face statics and dynamics in the recognition of emotional expressions; specificity of perception of moving face expressions; multimodal integration of emotional cues; generation and perception of facial expressions in communication processes. The analysis identifies the most promising areas of research of face in motion. We show that the static and dynamic modes of facial perception complement each other, and describe the role of qualitative features of the facial expression dynamics in assessing the emotional state of a person. Facial expression is considered as part of a holistic multimodal manifestation of emotions. The importance of facial movements as an instrument of social interaction is emphasized.

Different observers’ visions of the personality of one and the same human, depicted on an artistic portrait or a photograph, where investigated experimentally. The observers’ estimations obtained by a well known method of “Personality Difference”, were used as the analytic tool. The collected data witness, that different methods of presentation lead to different vision of one and the same personality. A considerable individual variability of significantly different scale estimations’ body and quantity depending on the estimated person was discovered. According to the factor analyses, the persons on photographs are generally perceived as being more active (sociable) then on portraits. The dependence between observers’ self-esteems and their estimations of personages’ individual psychological characteristics regardless to presentation method was also discovered.

The possibilities of obtaining information about the identity of a third party were studied in different ways of depicting a face. The results of two series of experiments were compared, in which the same configuration relations were included in the context of either a schematic face made up of abstract geometric figures or photographic portraits of specific people. Stimulus material was based on the figures of E. Brunswick (1956), demonstrating the dependence of induced expressions (joy/gust) on the spatial organization of the face. Assessment of individual psychological features of the sitter and self-assessment of observers were performed using the Personal Differential method. As a result of the analysis the general regularities of perception of a person in the created conditions are revealed: polarization of estimations of features and their asymmetry defined by impressions about the state of modelers — real or imaginary. Two nonspecific phenomena of interpersonal perception related to transformations of the configuration relations of the face have been revealed: (1) inversion of the attractiveness of the person shown in the photo, and (2) doubling of the personality of the virtual sitter. It is shown that the influence of the observer’s self-esteem on the modeler’s assessment depends both on the type of the face image and on the direction of configuration transformations. The obtained results are interpreted in terms of the dynamics of constellation of features, the mechanism of super generation of emotional manifestations and halo-effect of attractiveness. The methodology of general psychological research of interpersonal perception based on the variation of configuration relations of the face is substantiated.

Subjects were required to perform a horizontal reactive saccade towards a laterally misplaced cross. A photoimage of a human face with a basic emotional expression was flashed either perisaccadically or intrasaccadically, with a step size of 2 frames. A stably rising facial expression identification rate during the course of a saccade spanning 10 dva is shown. No evidence of a saccadic suppression with this type of stimulus is found, at least not for all of them. Performance metrics for identificaiton rate are reported. Possible unintended procedural artifacts are discussed. Spatial frequency analysis is held. Evidence for continuous, uninterrupted perceptive process during rapid eye movements is shown. Comparison with classic papers of 1970’s given. Interaction of luminance, spatial frequency, angular distance, chromaticity and angular size factors is suggested. It is shown that psychophysical (visual) features of the stimulus used are likely to be most predetermined for correct identification with given temporal (and functional) constraints. Shape of contour, spatial frequency distribution, skin texture and facial features, optimal angular size are yet to be determined, but evidence is shown that a special type of stimulus has to be developed and generated to control this issue.

Введение. Исследуется связь между конфигурацией лица натурщика и представлениями стороннего наблюдателя о чертах его личности. Несмотря на то, что в работах отечественных и зарубежных исследователей весьма проработан вопрос об объективных детерминантах межличностной перцепции, например, типе лица, возрасте и поле натурщика, форме и длительности экспозиции фотоизображения человека и т. п., открытыми остаются вопросы о том, в какой степени восприятие индивидуально-психологических характеристик по фотоизображению лица человека детерминировано его структурой, а также личностными особенностями самого воспринимающего. Методы. В основе исследования лежит метод сопоставительного анализа оценок индивидуально-психологических свойств натурщиков, выполненных по шкалам методики «Личностный дифференциал», при разнонаправленных трансформациях фотоизображений спокойного лица. Результаты. Показано, что систематическое варьирование четырех конфигурационных признаков – расположения линии рта и глаз, длины носа и расстояния между зрачками не только вызывает слабые устойчивые впечатления радости либо грусти, но и меняет представление об индивидуально-психологических особенностях натурщиков. Индуцированная радость ассоциируется с положительными полюсами шкал методики «Личностный дифференциал», индуцированная грусть – с отрицательными. Направленные трансформации по-разному влияют на представления о компонентах имплицитной структуры личности – «оценке», «силе», «активности». В восприятии женских лиц чаще заметна экстравертированность, мужских лиц – доминирование/подчинение. Обнаруженные закономерности модифицируются под влиянием морфотипа лица и самооценки наблюдателя. Обсуждение результатов. Совокупность полученных данных подтверждает возможность сверхобобщений проявления слабых эмоциональных состояний на уровне восприятия мимически нейтрального лица и указывает на тесную связь сверхобобщений с Я-концепцией воспринимающей личности. В заключении делается вывод о том, что разнонаправленное варьирование конфигурационных признаков эмоционально нейтрального лица избирательно влияет на представление о личности натурщиков. Особую роль в оценке личностных особенностей человека по выражению его лица играет симпатия/антипатия наблюдателя к натурщику, а также индивидуально-психологические особенности наблюдателя.

A microstructural analysis of perception of a partner in communication was carried out. Mute video recordings of 15 clips of a structured conversation in which communicants expressed true and false judgments, were subjected to complex coding. In each 40 ms frame 51 nonverbal signs/102 binary markers indicating the state of the facial zones, the nature of the movements of the head, hands and body were considered. Based on expert estimates, the proportion of frames was calculated, in which each of the markers is present at selected time intervals. Looking at the video clips, 35 observers intuitively, by external features, determined the fragments when the communicator is telling truth and when lying. The frequency and time of occurrence of markers were analyzed. Frequency regression models of “true” and “false” response of communicants were built. It is shown that the required estimates are performed by the observer 1.5—2 seconds before the answer. High-frequency features form a stable core of the impression of the reliability of the communicator’s judgments, complemented with changeable low-frequency features explaining the growth of explanatory power of regression models. Markers have been identified that contribute to adequate perception of the reliability of information reported. The style of non-verbal behavior of people implementing alternative communication strategies is described.

A comparison of the parameters of oculomotor activity in the perception of static and dynamic images of the face was made. It is shown that in both static and dynamic conditions, the trajectory of eye movement is determined by the internal structure of the face of the and the functional connections of the facial areas of his face. Differences were found at the level of individual parameters of oculomotor activity: the duration of examination of the face zones, the duration of fixation and the amplitude of saccades. Routes for reviewing static images are fully cyclic in nature. Recurrent fixations in the same zone of interest are poorly expressed, and their contribution to the overall structure of movements is negligible. When perceiving dynamic images, the survey routes have a degenerate, partially reduced character, determined by the current dynamics of facial expressions; the contribution of repeated fixations in the same zone of interest increases.

We studied the perception of human facial emotional expressions during step-function stroboscopic presentation of changing mimics. Consecutive stages of each of the six basic facial expressions were pre sented to the participants: neutral face (300 ms) — expression of medium intensity (10—40 ms) — intense expression (30—120 ms) — expression of medium intensity (10—40 ms) — neutral face (100 ms). Alternative forced choice task was used to categorize the facial expressions. The results were compared to previous studies (Barabanschikov, Korolkova, Lobodinskaya, 2015; 2016), conducted using the same paradigm but with boxcar-function change of the expression: neutral face — intense expression — neutral face. We found that the dynamics of facial expression recognition, as well as errors and recognition time are almost identical in conditions of boxcar- and step-function presentation. One factor influencing the recognition rate is the proportion of presentation time of static (neutral) and changing (facial expression) aspects of the stimulus. In suboptimal conditions of facial expression perception (minimal presentation time of 10+30+10 ms and reduced intensity of expressions) we revealed stroboscopic sensibilization — a previously described phenomenon of enhanced recognition rate of low-attractive expressions (disgust, sadness, fear and anger), which has been previously found in conditions of boxcar-function presentation of expressions. We confirmed the similarity of influence of real and apparent motion on the recognition of basic facial emotional expressions.

The study experimentally investigated the perception of the identity of the same person, depicted in a photo and in a portrait. Firstly, the evaluations of the individual psychologic characteristics of several historical personalities of XIX—XX centuries were analyzed. Secondly, the perceived structure of their values. It was found that similar evaluations of personality traits occur in perception of different images of the same face. While evaluating portraits, the participant used more diverse words, number of characteristics and performed the task longer. Evaluations of our participants and contemporaries of demonstrated personalities matched each other. The means of evaluations of differences in perception of the values of artistic and documentary images of the same person were not significantly different. Reconstruction of personalities’ identity via their face images is based on social roles attached to them, rather than on the artistic or documentary ways of their representation.

We studied the formation of representations of children faces observed by adult subjects. Adult participants (aged between 18 and 22) evaluate tenseness and activity of the children aged from 3 to 6 years. We tested the hypothesis of interaction between the perceived individual psychological characteristics of a person and the features of his face. It was discovered that a child’s activity estimate is connected to his/her facial angle between eye pupils and the upper lip. Children with a smaller middle part of the face and smaller distance between eyes are assessed as being more tense that the rest of the sample group. Tense expressions on children’s faces are associated with some faint traces of fear and anger.

We studied preferably fixated parts and features of human face in the process of recognition of facial expressions of emotion. Photographs of facial expressions were used. Participants were to categorize these as basic emotions; during this process, eye movements were registered. It was found that variation in the intensity of an expression is mirrored in accuracy of emotion recognition; it was also reflected by several indices of oculomotor function: duration of inspection of certain areas of the face, its upper and bottom or right parts, right and left sides; location, number and duration of fixations, viewing trajectory. In particular, for low-intensity expressions, right side of the face was found to be attended predominantly (right-side dominance); the right-side dominance effect, was, however, absent for expressions of high intensity. For both low- and high-intensity expressions, upper face part was predominantly fixated, though with greater fixation of high-intensity expressions. The majority of trials (70%), in line with findings in previous studies, revealed a V-shaped pattern of inspection trajectory. No relationship, between accuracy of recognition of emotional expressions, was found, though, with either location and duration of fixations or pattern of gaze directedness in the face.

A major challenge in systems biology is to elicit general properties in the face of molecular complexity. Here, we introduce a class of enzyme-catalysed biochemical networks and examine how the existence of a single positive steady state (monostationarity) depends on the network structure, enzyme mechanisms, kinetic rate laws and parameter values. We consider Goldbeter-Koshland (GK) covalent modification loops arranged in a tree network, so that a substrate form in one loop can be an enzyme in another loop. GK loops are a canonical motif in cell signalling and trees offer a generalisation of linear cascades which accommodate network complexity while remaining mathematically tractable. In particular, they permit a modular, recursive proof strategy which may be more widely applicable. We show that if each enzyme follows its own complex reaction mechanism under mass action kinetics, then any network is monostationary for all appropriate parameter values. If the kinetics is non-mass action with a plausible monotonicity requirement, and each enzyme follows the Michaelis-Menten mechanism, then monostationarity is preserved. Surprisingly, a single GK loop with a complex enzyme mechanism under non-mass action monotone kinetics can have more than one positive steady state (multistationarity). The broader interplay between network structure, enzyme mechanism and kinetics remains an intriguing open problem.

We report our studies of the vibrational dynamics of iron for three imidazole-ligated oxyheme derivatives that mimic the active sites of histidine-ligated heme proteins complexed with dioxygen. The experimental vibrational data are obtained from nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS) measurements conducted on both powder samples and oriented single crystals, and which includes several in-plane (ip) and out-of-plane (oop) measurements. Vibrational spectral assignments have been made through a combination of the oriented sample spectra and predictions based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The two Fe-O(2) modes that have been previously observed by resonance Raman spectroscopy in heme proteins are clearly shown to be very strongly mixed and are not simply either a bending or stretching mode. In addition, a third Fe-O(2) mode, not previously reported, has been identified. The long-sought Fe-Im stretch, not observed in resonance Raman spectra, has been identified and compared with the frequencies observed for the analogous CO and NO species. The studies also suggest that the in-plane iron motion is anisotropic and is controlled by the orientation of the Fe-O(2) group and not sensitive to the in-plane Fe-N(p) bonds and/or imidazole orientations.

We experimentally examine the question of how adequately a person’s individual psychological characteristics can be perceived using the expression of his/her face as the basis of assessment. The research method is based on comparison between participants’ personality traits and the beholder’s assessment of individual psychological characteristics of his partner in communication on the basis of the expression of his facial image, either whole or fragmented (masked). Assessment of personality traits was carried out on the basis of R. B. Cattell’s 16-transformed scales. The participants were instructed to assess two male and two female human faces displayed on a monitor. Each image had five Variants: fully open, represented by the top, bottom, right or left side. It is shown that nearly 40% of personality traits of the ‘communicated’ participant are correctly estimated on the basis of the expression of the image of a whole face. The accuracy of estimations using the right and left halves of a facial image coincides and is indistinguishable from those of the image of a whole face. Individual psychological characteristics of a person are perceived less accurately using the lower part of a face, and worst of all using the top. No difference in the accuracy of recognition of single personality traits is discerned when viewing the whole face compared to the fragmentary image. ‘Optimism’ and ‘peculiarity’ are recognized most effectively for all types of masking and types of face; least recognized is ‘meaningfulness’. Successful assessment of the expression of the whole and fragmented facial images suggests various predictors: in perception of the whole face — high self-control as an attribute of the beholder; in perception of a horizontally partitioned face — his/her dependence on the group; in perception of a vertically partitioned face — poor social contact.

A NRVS single-crystal study (NRVS=nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy) has provided detailed information on the in-plane modes of nitrosyl iron porphyrinate [Fe(oep)(NO)] (see picture; oep=octaethylporphyrin). The axial nitrosyl ligand controls the direction of the in-plane iron motion.

Orientational disorder of the distal nitrosyl (NO) ligand in iron porphyrinates is a common phenomenon. We present an analysis of multi-temperature crystallographic data for the order/disorder phenomenon. The observed temperature-dependent order/disorder and variable rotational orientations of nitrosyl ligands for six different six-coordinate iron porphyrinates have been examined in terms of the nonbonded contacts found in the solid state. Favorable orientations for NO can be identified either by the calculation of the close nonbonded contacts or by evaluation of the geometry-dependent potential energy using semi-empirical nonbonded potential functions. The nonbonded contacts display temperature-dependent differences consistent with observed structural differences. The motion of NO appears to be controlled by intermolecular interactions that allow a limited set of orientations and under some conditions only a single NO orientation is allowed. In some cases, the equilibria involving the orientations of NO can be analyzed using the van’t Hoff relationship and the free energy and the enthalpy of the solid-state transitions evaluated. The intrinsic barriers to rotation of the NO were examined using a fine-meshed series of DFT calculations. The calculations also showed the detailed effects of the variation of the NO orientation on the equatorial bond distances.

The low-frequency mode activity of metalloporphyrins has been studied for iron porphine-halides (Fe(P)(X), X = Cl, Br) and nitrophorin 4 (NP4) using femtosecond coherence spectroscopy (FCS) in combination with polarized resonance Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT). It is confirmed that the mode symmetry selection rules for FCS are the same as for Raman scattering and that both Franck-Condon and Jahn-Teller mode activities are observed for Fe(P)(X) under Soret resonance conditions. The DFT-calculated low-frequency (20-400 cm (-1)) modes, and their frequency shifts upon halide substitution, are in good agreement with experimental Raman and coherence data, so that mode assignments can be made. The doming mode is located at approximately 80 cm (-1) for Fe(P)(Cl) and at approximately 60 cm (-1) for Fe(P)(Br). NP4 is also studied with coherence techniques, and the NO-bound species of ferric and ferrous NP4 display a mode at approximately 30-40 cm (-1) that is associated with transient heme doming motion following NO photolysis. The coherence spectra of three ferric derivatives of NP4 with different degrees of heme ruffling distortion are also investigated. We find a mode at approximately 60 cm (-1) whose relative intensity in the coherence spectra depends quadratically on the magnitude of the ruffling distortion. To quantitatively account for this correlation, a new "distortion-induced" Raman enhancement mechanism is presented. This mechanism is unique to low-frequency "soft modes" of the molecular framework that can be distorted by environmental forces. These results demonstrate the potential of FCS as a sensitive probe of dynamic and functionally important nonplanar heme vibrational excitations that are induced by the protein environmental forces or by the chemical reactions in the aqueous phase.

Treatment of cancer patients remains a serious medical problem and the development of alternative treatment strategies is therefore of great importance. In this connection, we developed a new bacterial-based, anticancer method. Ten cancer patients (three males, seven females) were involved in this study. Bacterial suspension of stationary phaseBacillus oligonitrophilusKU-1 was used as a remedy for peroral administration. In five patients, side effects (sicchasia, slight blood, and intracranial pressure gain) were detected, but all patients showed significant delay of lethal outcome without serious side effects. In conclusion, the suggested method was, in our opinion, a good alternative to conventional chemo- and radiotherapy techniques. In order to evaluate its efficiency for various tumors, a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study is needed.

In this article we introduced conducted experiments to determine the basic characteristics of composite reinforcement fiberglass reinforcement on the example of the same diameter, but with a different number of rovings. We have established strength along the reinforcing fiber and the corresponding class of the steel reinforcement.

The low-frequency vibrational characterization of the spin-crossover complex, five-coordinate cyano(tetraphenylporphyrinato)iron(II), [Fe(TPP)(CN)](-), is reported. Nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy has been used to measure all low-frequency vibrations involving iron at several temperatures; this yields vibrational spectra of both the low- (S = 0) and high-spin (S = 2) states. Multitemperature oriented single-crystal measurements facilitate assignments of the vibrational character of all modes and are consistent with the DFT-predicted spectra. The availability of the entire iron vibrational spectrum allows for the complete correlation of the modes between the two spin states. These data demonstrate that not only do the frequencies of the vibrations shift to lower values for the high-spin species as would be expected owing to the weaker bonds in the high-spin state, but also the mixing of iron modes with ligand modes changes substantially. Diagrams illustrating the changing character of the modes and their correlation are given. The reduced iron-ligand frequencies are the primary factor in the entropic stabilization of the high-spin state responsible for the spin crossover.

The nitrogen is a macroelement for all alive cells, from bacteria to animals. Although NH3/NH4 are highly toxic to animal, they are the preferred source of nitrogen for the most microorganisms and are assimilated by glutamine synthetase in the GOGAT cycle. The nitrogen limitation triggers a number of regulatory processes and activates many genes, providing the utilizing of alternative nitrogen sources. In Bacillus subtilis the genes of nitrogen metabolism are regulated by the transcription factor TnrA. In a cells it is bound to AmtB-GlnK proteins, the interaction with Glutamine synthetase (GS) represses its DNA-binding activity. Here we show the lack of AmtB leads to the nitrogen deficiency in a cell and, consequently, the increased expression of TnrA-de-pendent genes. In the lack of GlnK the transcription factor TnrA is constitutive bound to GS, the TnrA activity is repressed even under nitrogen limit conditions. Apparently, the TnrA activity is subjected to permanent repression by GS. In the absence of GS, the TnrA activity is strongly higher in compare to control, even under nitrogen limitation, when GS is active. These data allow to suggest that TnrA activity is regulated by the competitive binding to GlnK and GS.

Electromagnetic fields from electronic equipment are detrimental environmental factors. Recently, a new type of electromagnetic pollution referred to as "dirty electricity" was discovered to affect human health. The current research measures levels of dirty electricity in one secondary school in Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. A Microsurge II meter that measures high frequency transients and harmonics between 4 to 100 kHz (expressed as Graham-Stetzer units) was used in this study. Levels of dirty electricity were elevated in all areas of the school and the installation of Graham-Stetzer filters significantly reduced these levels. Taking into account the detrimental effects of the dirty electricity on human health, plugging one Graham-Stetzer filter into each classroom is highly recommended. © PSP Volume 18 - No 6. 2009.

Treatment of cancer patients remains a serious medical problem and the development of alternative treatment strategies is therefore of great importance. In this connection, we developed a new bacterial-based, anticancer method. Ten cancer patients (three males, seven females) were involved in this study. Bacterial suspension of stationary phase Bacillus oligonitrophilus KU-1 was used as a remedy for peroral administration. In five patients, side effects (sicchasia, slight blood, and intracranial pressure gain) were detected, but all patients showed significant delay of lethal outcome without serious side effects. In conclusion, the suggested method was, in our opinion, a good alternative to conventional chemo- and radiotherapy techniques. In order to evaluate its efficiency for various tumors, a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study is needed.

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy remain mostly palliative methods for metastatic cancer treatment. Limitations in efficacy and safety of established treatments continue to underline the need for improved treatments for malignancy. Results with some probiotics with antitumor activity have been promising. Here, we report that oral reception of Bacillus oligonitrophilus KU-1 resulted in the prolongation of lives in cancer patients with terminal prognosis and stabilization of cancer growth. The theoretical basis for the phenomena observed is discussed.

In this note, we determine the representation content of the free, large N, SU(N) Yang Mills theory on a sphere by decomposing its thermal partition function into characters of the irreducible representations of the conformal group SO(4,2). We also discuss the generalization of this procedure to finding the representation content of N=4 Super Yang Mills., Comment: 18 pages v2. references added. typos fixed

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy remain mostly palliative methods for metastatic cancer treatment. Limitations in efficacy and safety of established treatments continue to underline the need for improved treatments for malignancy. Results with some probiotics with antitumor activity have been promising. Here, we report that oral reception of Bacillus oligonitrophilus KU-1 resulted in the prolongation of lives in cancer patients with terminal prognosis and stabilization of cancer growth. The theoretical basis for the phenomena observed is discussed.

We consider a $\sigma$-model formulation of open string theory in the presence of D-branes. We perform two-loop computations and discuss gravitational corrections to Born-Infeld action when branes are non-trivially embedded in a curved ambient space. In particular for the case of a stack of $N$ coincident D-branes we analyze couplings of the form $R_{ijkl}[\Phi^i,\Phi^j][\Phi^k,\Phi^l]$., Comment: Latex, 15 pages, 6 figures

We consider a $��$-model formulation of open string theory in the presence of D-branes. We perform two-loop computations and discuss gravitational corrections to Born-Infeld action when branes are non-trivially embedded in a curved ambient space. In particular for the case of a stack of $N$ coincident D-branes we analyze couplings of the form $R_{ijkl}[��^i,��^j][��^k,��^l]$., Latex, 15 pages, 6 figures

Recent structural investigations have generated uncertainty regarding the protonation state of the exogenous oxo ligand in ferryl derivatives of several heme proteins. We used nuclear resonance vib...