47 results on '"Baraldi, E."'
Search Results
2. Effect of allopurinol in addition to hypothermia treatment in neonates for hypoxic-ischemic brain injury on neurocognitive outcome (ALBINO): study protocol of a blinded randomized placebo-controlled parallel group multicenter trial for superiority (phase III)
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Benders, MJNL, Klebermass-Schrehof, K, Metsaranta, M, Rudiger, M, Poets, CF, Benders, M, Allegaert, K, Naulaers, G, Guimaraes, H, Stiris, T, Vanhatalo, S, Metsvaht, T, Engel, C, Maiwald, CA, von Oldershausen, G, Bergmann, I, Weiss, M, Wichera, CJBR, Eichhorn, A, Raubuch, M, Schuler, B, van Veldhuizen, CKW, Lameris, B, Jacobs, Y, van der Vlught-Meijer, R, Kliniken, T, Griesmaier, E, Salzburg, U, Brandner, J, Tackoen, M, Reibel, R, Cornette, L, Viellevoye, LR, Saik, P, Kaar, R, Andresson, P, Franz, AR, Carus, CG, Winkler, S, Hoehn, T, Teig, N, Schroth, M, Fusch, C, Thome, UH, Ehrhardt, H, Cattarossi, L, Mauro, I, Baraldi, E, Carnielli, V, Paterlini, MG, Napolitano, M, Faldini, F, Lista, GL, Barbarini, M, Pagani, L, Anna, S, Mastretta, E, Vento, G, Fumagalli, MM, Binotti, NM, van Weissenbruch, MM, van Straaten, HLM, Annink, KV, van Bel, F, Dudink, J, Derks, JB, de Boer, IP, Meijssen, CB, de Haan, TR, van Rooij, LG, van Hillegersberg, JL, van Dongen, M, Dassel, ACM, Dijkman, KP, van Houten, MA, van der Schoor, SRD, Nestaas, E, Mazela, J, Karpinski, L, Vilan, AI, de Pinho, LF, Ferraz, C, Pereira, A, Barroso, R, da Graca, M, Tome, T, Pinto, F, Vento, M, Rodilla, JM, Luz, M, Pico, C, Camprubi, MC, Suazo, JAH, Valverde, E, Lorenzo, JRF, Orgado, JM, Boix, H, Parrilla, FJ, Blanco, D, Moral-Pumarega, MT, Bassler, D, Maletzki, J, Knoepfli, C, Hagmann, C, Kleber, M, Schulzke, S, Stocker, M, Birkenmaier, A, Riedel, T, and ALBINO Study Grp
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Hypothermia therapy ,Perinatal asphyxia ,Allopurinol ,Neonatal oxygen deficiency ,Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy ,Cerebral palsy ,Childbirth outcome ,Brain injury - Abstract
BackgroundPerinatal asphyxia and resulting hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is a major cause of death and long-term disability in term born neonates. Up to 20,000 infants each year are affected by HIE in Europe and even more in regions with lower level of perinatal care. The only established therapy to improve outcome in these infants is therapeutic hypothermia. Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor that reduces the production of oxygen radicals as superoxide, which contributes to secondary energy failure and apoptosis in neurons and glial cells after reperfusion of hypoxic brain tissue and may further improve outcome if administered in addition to therapeutic hypothermia.MethodsThis study on the effects of ALlopurinol in addition to hypothermia treatment for hypoxic-ischemic Brain Injury on Neurocognitive Outcome (ALBINO), is a European double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled parallel group multicenter trial (Phase III) to evaluate the effect of postnatal allopurinol administered in addition to standard of care (including therapeutic hypothermia if indicated) on the incidence of death and severe neurodevelopmental impairment at 24months of age in newborns with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic insult and signs of potentially evolving encephalopathy. Allopurinol or placebo will be given in addition to therapeutic hypothermia (where indicated) to infants with a gestational age36weeks and a birth weight2500g, with severe perinatal asphyxia and potentially evolving encephalopathy. The primary endpoint of this study will be death or severe neurodevelopmental impairment versus survival without severe neurodevelopmental impairment at the age of two years. Effects on brain injury by magnetic resonance imaging and cerebral ultrasound, electric brain activity, concentrations of peroxidation products and S100B, will also be studied along with effects on heart function and pharmacokinetics of allopurinol after iv-infusion.DiscussionThis trial will provide data to assess the efficacy and safety of early postnatal allopurinol in term infants with evolving hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. If proven efficacious and safe, allopurinol could become part of a neuroprotective pharmacological treatment strategy in addition to therapeutic hypothermia in children with perinatal asphyxia.Trial registrationNCT03162653, www.ClinicalTrials.gov, May 22, 2017.
- Published
- 2019
3. Priorities for future research into asthma diagnostic tools: A PAN-EU consensus exercise from the European asthma research innovation partnership (EARIP)
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Garcia-Marcos, L, Edwards, J, Kennington, E, Aurora, P, Baraldi, E, Carraro, S, Gappa, M, Louis, R, Moreno-Galdo, A, Peroni, DG, Pijnenburg, M, Priftis, KN, Sanchez-Solis, M, Schuster, A, Walker, S, Blakey, J, Compton, C, Fleming, L, Fowler, S, Gaillard, E, Gibson, F, Glenn Crater, G, Niven, R, Roberts, A, Ryan, D, Seppala, U, Usmani, O, Van der Schee, M, Van Sont, J, and Pediatrics
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Consensus ,Allergy ,diagnosis ,Immunology ,MEDLINE ,Delphi method ,Physical examination ,asthma, children, lung function, inflammation, diagnosis ,Diagnostic tools ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,children ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Humans ,Metabolomics ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Lung function ,Asthma ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Health Priorities ,Research ,lung function ,medicine.disease ,Prognosis ,respiratory tract diseases ,Respiratory Function Tests ,Europe ,030228 respiratory system ,1117 Public Health And Health Services ,Breath Tests ,inflammation ,1107 Immunology ,Family medicine ,General partnership ,Objective test ,business ,Biomarkers - Abstract
The diagnosis of asthma is currently based on clinical history, physical examination and lung function, and to date, there are no accurate objective tests either to confirm the diagnosis or to discriminate between different types of asthma. This consensus exercise reviews the state of the art in asthma diagnosis to identify opportunities for future investment based on the likelihood of their successful development, potential for widespread adoption and their perceived impact on asthma patients. Using a two-stage e-Delphi process and a summarizing workshop, a group of European asthma experts including health professionals, researchers, people with asthma and industry representatives ranked the potential impact of research investment in each technique or tool for asthma diagnosis and monitoring. After a systematic review of the literature, 21 statements were extracted and were subject of the two-stage Delphi process. Eleven statements were scored 3 or more and were further discussed and ranked in a face-to-face workshop. The three most important diagnostic/predictive tools ranked were as follows: “New biological markers of asthma (eg genomics, proteomics and metabolomics) as a tool for diagnosis and/or monitoring,” “Prediction of future asthma in preschool children with reasonable accuracy” and “Tools to measure volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath.”.
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- 2018
4. International consensus on (ICON) pediatric asthma
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Papadopoulos NG, Arakawa H, Carlsen KH, Custovic A, Gern J, Lemanske R, Le Souef P, Makela M, Roberts G, Wong G, Zar H, Akdis CA, Bacharier LB, Baraldi E, van Bever HP, de Blic J, Boner A, Burks W, Casale TB, Castro-Rodriguez JA, Chen YZ, El-Gamal YM, Everard ML, Frischer T, and Geller M
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- 2012
5. Assessment of problematic severe asthma in children
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Carlsen, K. C. L., Hedlin, G., Bush, A., Wennergren, G., de Benedictis, F. M., De Jongste, J. C., Baraldi, E., Pedroletti, C., Barbato, A., Malmstrom, K., Pohunek, P., Pedersen, S., Piacentini, G. L., Middelveld, R. J. M., Carlsen, K. H., Grp, Psaci, and Pediatrics
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Severe asthma ,medicine.medical_specialty ,diagnosis ,Comorbidity ,Severity of Illness Index ,children ,Treatment plan ,medicine ,Humans ,Anti-Asthmatic Agents ,Child ,Intensive care medicine ,Rhinitis ,Asthma ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Respiratory Function Tests ,Clinical Practice ,Treatment Outcome ,Lung disease ,Physical therapy ,Bronchial Hyperreactivity ,business - Abstract
Assessment of problematic severe asthma in children should be performed in a step-wise manner to ensure an optimal approach. A four-step assessment scheme is proposed. First, a full diagnostic work-up is performed to exclude other diseases which mimic asthma. Secondly, a multi-disciplinary assessment is performed to identify issues that may need attention, including comorbidities. Thirdly, the pattern of inflammation is assessed, and finally steroid responsiveness is documented. Based upon these four steps an optimal individualised treatment plan is developed. In this article the many gaps in our current knowledge in all these steps are highlighted, and recommendations for current clinical practice and future research are made. The lack of good data and the heterogeneity of problematic severe asthma still limit our ability to optimise the management on an individual basis in this small, but challenging group of patients.
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- 2011
6. Regular vs prn nebulized treatment in wheeze preschool children
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Papi, A., Nicolini, G., Baraldi, E., Boner, A. L., Cutrera, R., Rossi, G. A., Fabbri, Leonardo, and BEclomethasone Study Group, B.
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Male ,Exacerbation ,Salbutamol ,As needed ,Asthma ,Beclomethasone ,Wheezing ,law.invention ,administration /&/ dosage/therapeutic use ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Bronchodilator ,Immunology and Allergy ,Medicine ,Anti-Asthmatic Agents ,Child ,Bronchodilator Agents ,Treatment Outcome ,Inhalation ,Child, Preschool ,Anesthesia ,Administration ,Combination ,Inhalation, Albuterol ,administration /&/ dosage/therapeutic use, Anti-Asthmatic Agents ,administration /&/ dosage/therapeutic use, Asthma ,drug therapy/physiopathology, Beclomethasone ,administration /&/ dosage/therapeutic use, Bronchodilator Agents ,administration /&/ dosage/therapeutic use, Child ,Preschool, Double-Blind Method, Drug Administration Schedule, Drug Therapy ,Combination, Female, Glucocorticoids ,administration /&/ dosage/therapeutic use, Humans, Infant, Male, Nebulizers and Vaporizers, Respiratory Sounds ,drug effects, Treatment Outcome ,Drug Therapy, Combination ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Glucocorticoid ,medicine.drug ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.drug_class ,Immunology ,Placebo ,Drug Administration Schedule ,Double-Blind Method ,Drug Therapy ,Wheeze ,Internal medicine ,Administration, Inhalation ,Humans ,Albuterol ,Preschool ,Glucocorticoids ,Respiratory Sounds ,business.industry ,Nebulizers and Vaporizers ,Infant ,drug therapy/physiopathology ,medicine.disease ,drug effects ,business - Abstract
Background: International guidelines recommend regular treatment with inhaled glucocorticoids for children with frequent wheezing; however, prn inhaled bronchodilator alone or in combination with glucocorticoid is also often used in practice. We aimed to evaluate whether regular nebulized glucocorticoid plus a prn bronchodilator or a prn nebulized bronchodilator/glucocorticoid combination is more effective than prn bronchodilator alone in preschool children with frequent wheeze. Methods: Double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, parallel-group trial. After a 2-week run-in period, 276 symptomatic children with frequent wheeze, aged 1–4 years, were randomly assigned to three groups for a 3-month nebulized treatment: (1) 400 μg beclomethasone bid plus 2500 μg salbutamol prn; (2) placebo bid plus 800 μg beclomethasone/1600 μg salbutamol combination prn; (3) placebo bid plus 2500 μg salbutamol prn. The percentage of symptom-free days was the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcomes included symptom scores, use of relief medication and exacerbation frequency. Results: As compared with prn salbutamol (61.0 ± 24.83 [SD]), the percentage of symptom-free days was higher with regular beclomethasone (69.6%, SD 20.89; P = 0.034) but not with prn combination (64.9%, SD 24.74). Results were no different in children with or without risk factors for developing persistent asthma. The effect of prn combination was no different from that of regular beclomethasone on the primary and on several important secondary outcomes. Conclusions: Regular inhaled glucocorticoid is the most effective treatment for frequent wheezing in preschool children. However, prn bronchodilator/glucocorticoid combination might be an alternative option, but it requires further study.
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- 2009
7. Antibiotic research and development: business as usual?
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Harbarth, S, Theuretzbacher, U, Hackett, J, collaborators: Adriaenssens, N, Anderson, J, Antonisse, A, Årdal, C, Baillon-Plot, N, Baraldi, E, Bettiol, E, Bhatti, T, Bradshaw, D, Brown, N, Carmeli, Y, Cars, O, Charbonneau, C, Cheng, S, Ciabuschi, F, Cirino, J, Clift, C, Colson, A, Dane, A, De-Lima, N, Dooa, M, Drabik, D, Eisenstein, B, Farquhar, R, Fidan, D, Findlay, D, Galli, F, Gilchrist, K, Gilman, S, Goeschl, T, Goodall, J, Goossens, H, Gouglas, D, Guise, T, Gyssens, I, Hallerbäck, P, Heymann, D, Hoffman, S, Howell, J, Hulscher, M, Hunt, T, Huttner, B, Jantarada, F, Jaquest, D, Joly, F, Ka, L, Karas, A, Knirsch, C, Kullberg, Bj, Laxminarayan, R, Le Maréchal, M, Legros, S, Lilliott, N, Lindgren, E, Longshaw, C, Mahoney, N, Mastrangelo, D, Mcdonald, J, Mckeever, S, Mepham, T, Milanic, R, Monnier, A, Morel, C, Morton, A, Mossialos, E, Nolet, B, Outterson, K, Payne, D, Piddock, L, Plahte, J, Potter, D, Pulcini, C, Rex, J, Ross, E, Rottingen, Ja, Ryan, K, Ryan, J, Salimi, T, Schouten, J, Schultz, S, So, A, Spiesser, J, Stålhammar, No, Stanic, M, Tacconelli, E, Temkin, L, Trick, D, Vink, P, Vlahovic-Palcevski, V, Watt, M, Wells, M, Wesseler, J, White, A, Wood, S, Zanichelli, V, and Zorzet, A.
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Microbiology (medical) ,antimicrobial agents ,clinical studies ,drug development ,economics ,global health policy ,multidrug resistance ,patient safety ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Drug Discovery ,Drug Industry ,Humans ,Motivation ,Research ,medicine.drug_class ,Economic policy ,Economics ,Antibiotics ,WASS ,Drug development ,Multidrug resistance ,Patient safety ,Antibiotic resistance ,medicine ,Agricultural Economics and Rural Policy ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Pharmacology ,ddc:616 ,Agrarische Economie en Plattelandsbeleid ,Investment (macroeconomics) ,Antimicrobial agents ,Infectious Diseases ,Incentive ,lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 4] ,Economic model ,Business ,Anti-Infective Agents ,Clinical studies ,Global health policy - Abstract
The global burden of antibiotic resistance is tremendous and, without new anti-infective strategies, will continue to increase in the coming decades. Despite the growing need for new antibiotics, few pharmaceutical companies today retain active antibacterial drug discovery programmes. One reason is that it is scientifically challenging to discover new antibiotics that are active against the antibiotic-resistant bacteria of current clinical concern. However, the main hurdle is diminishing economic incentives. Increased global calls to minimize the overuse of antibiotics, the cost of meeting regulatory requirements and the low prices of currently marketed antibiotics are strong deterrents to antibacterial drug development programmes. New economic models that create incentives for the discovery of new antibiotics and yet reconcile these incentives with responsible antibiotic use are long overdue. DRIVE-AB is a €9.4 million public–private consortium, funded by the EU Innovative Medicines Initiative, that aims to define a standard for the responsible use of antibiotics and to develop, test and recommend new economic models to incentivize investment in producing new anti-infective agents.
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- 2015
8. Daily telemonitoring of exhaled nitric oxide and symptoms in the treatment of childhood asthma
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de Jongste JC, Carraro, S, Hop, Wc, CHARISM Study Group, Aanstoot, Hj, Baraldi, E, Boner, Attilio, Carraro, S., de Benedictis, F. M., Feith, S. W., de Jongste, J. C., Greijn, M. H., Landi, L., Marseglia, G., Novembre, E., Pescollderung, L., Rossi, G., Schornagel, R., Verberne, A., van Veen, L. N., Baraldi, E., Pediatrics, and Epidemiology
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Budesonide ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Monitoring, Ambulatory ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Nitric Oxide ,law.invention ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Internal medicine ,Administration, Inhalation ,medicine ,Clinical endpoint ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Prospective cohort study ,Child ,Glucocorticoids ,Asthma ,Netherlands ,Inhalation ,business.industry ,Airway inflammation • inhaled corticosteroid • symptom-free days • lung function • telemedicine ,medicine.disease ,Treatment Outcome ,Breath Tests ,Patient Satisfaction ,Anesthesia ,Exhaled nitric oxide ,Ambulatory ,Quality of Life ,Feasibility Studies ,Female ,business ,Biomarkers ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Asthma treatment might improve when inhaled steroids are titrated on airway inflammation. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO0.05), a marker of eosinophilic airway inflammation, can be measured at home.We assessed daily FeNO0.05 telemonitoring in the management of childhood asthma.Children with atopic asthma (n = 151) were randomly assigned to two groups: FeNO0.05 plus symptom monitoring, or monitoring of symptoms only. All patients scored asthma symptoms in an electronic diary over 30 weeks; 77 received a portable nitric oxide (NO) analyzer. Data were transmitted daily to the coordinating centers. Patients were phoned every 3 weeks and their steroid dose was adapted according to FeNO0.05 and symptoms, or according to symptoms. Children were seen at 3, 12, 21, and 30 weeks for examination and lung function testing. The primary end point was the proportion of symptom-free days in the last 12 study weeks.Telemonitoring was feasible with reliable FeNO0.05 data for 86% of days, and valid diary entries for 79% of days. Both groups showed an increase in symptom-free days, improvement of FEV1 and quality of life, and a reduction in steroid dose. None of the changes from baseline differed between groups. The difference in symptom-free days over the last 12 weeks was 0.3% (P = 0.95; 95% confidence interval, -10 to 11%). There was a trend for fewer exacerbations in the FeNO0.05 group.Thirty weeks of daily FeNO0.05 and symptom telemonitoring was associated with improved asthma control and a lower steroid dose. We found no added value of daily FeNO0.05 monitoring compared with daily symptom monitoring only.
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- 2008
9. Problematic severe asthma in children, not one problem but many: a GA2LEN initiative
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Hedlin, G, Bush, A, Lødrup Carlsen, K, Problematic Severe Asthma in Childhood Initiative group: Baraldi, E, Barbato, A, de Benedictis FM, Boner, Al, Peroni, Diego, Piacentini, Gl, Wilson, N, Carlsen, Kh, De Jongste JC, Eber, E, Pedroletti, C, Malmstrom, K, Melen, E, Papadopoulos, N, Xepapadaki, P, Paton, J, Pedersen, S, Pohunek, P, Roberts, G, and Wennergren, G. .
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,MEDLINE ,Severity of Illness Index ,Child ,genes ,problematic severe asthma ,prognosis ,NO ,Medication Adherence ,Severity of illness ,Child, genes, problematic severe asthma, prognosis ,medicine ,Humans ,Anti-Asthmatic Agents ,Medical prescription ,Intensive care medicine ,Asthma ,business.industry ,Inhaler ,Nebulizers and Vaporizers ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,medicine.disease ,Comorbidity ,El Niño ,Child, Preschool ,Physical therapy ,Female ,business ,Psychosocial - Abstract
Although most children with asthma are easy to treat with low doses of safe medications, many remain symptomatic despite every therapeutic effort. The nomenclature regarding this group is confusing, and studies are difficult to compare due to the proliferation of terms describing poorly defined clinical entities. In this review of severe asthma in children, the term problematic severe asthma is used to describe children with any combination of chronic symptoms, acute severe exacerbations and persistent airflow limitation despite the prescription of multiple therapies. The approach to problematic severe asthma may vary with the age of the child, but, in general, three steps need to be taken in order to separate difficult-to-treat from severe therapy-resistant asthma. First, confirmation that the problem is really due to asthma requires a complete diagnostic re-evaluation. Secondly, the paediatrician needs to systematically exclude comorbidity, as well as personal or family psychosocial disorders. The third step is to re-evaluate medication adherence, inhaler technique and the child's environment. There is a clear need for a common international approach, since there is currently no uniform agreement regarding how best to approach children with problematic severe asthma. An essential first step is proper attention to basic care.
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- 2010
10. The defensin-like gene family of grapevine
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Giacomelli, L., Nanni, V., Silverstein, K., Town, C., Zanetti, M., Lenzi, L., Baraldi, E., Dalla Serra, M., and Moser, C.
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- 2010
11. Step-up Therapy for Children with Uncontrolled Asthma
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Baraldi, E and Piacentini, Giorgio
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children ,Asthma ,management - Published
- 2010
12. Cutoff values for FENO-guided asthma management
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Jongste, Johan, Carraro, S, Hop, Baraldi, E, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology
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- 2009
13. Una nuova età del ferro: macchine e processi della siderurgia
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Baraldi E.
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storia della siderurgia ,macchine ,pratici e maestri - Published
- 2007
14. Voltaggio 1471
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Baraldi E. and Calegari M.
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ferriera alla genovese - Published
- 2006
15. Clinically relevant early functional and diagnostic markers of lung disease in children
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Jongste, Johan, Baraldi, E, Lombardi, E, and Pediatrics
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- 2006
16. La ferriera 'alla genovese' tra XIV e XVII secolo
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Baraldi E.
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??? - Published
- 2005
17. Lung function tests in neonates and infants with chronic lung disease: forced expiratory maneuvres
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Lum, P, Hulskamp, G, Merkus, PJFM, Baraldi, E, Hofhuis, WJD (Ward), Stocks, J, and Pediatrics
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- 2005
18. La sperimentazione siderurgica nella toscana medicea del XVII secolo
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Baraldi E.
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??? - Published
- 2004
19. Mantici idraulici, trombe, forni fabbriche e ferriere in Italia dal XIII al XVIII secolo
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Baraldi E.
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- 2003
20. Dopaminergic control of renal tubular function in patients with compensated cirrhosis
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Sansoe, G., Ferrari, Alberto, Baraldi, E., Castellana, Cn, Biava, A., Silvano, S., Rosina, F., Bonardi, L., and Manenti, F.
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Adult ,Liver Cirrhosis ,Male ,Metoclopramide ,Dopamine ,Sodium ,Natriuresis ,Middle Aged ,Active renin ,Aldosterone ,Lithium clearance ,Liver cirrhosis ,Sodium excretion ,Kidney Tubules ,Case-Control Studies ,Immersion ,Dopamine Antagonists ,Humans ,Female ,Lithium Chloride ,Aged - Abstract
In normal humans, plasma dopamine levels rise during head-out water immersion or saline intravenous infusion. Dopamine inhibits Na+,K+-ATPase activity in the proximal tubule and blunts aldosterone secretion leading to increased diuresis and natriuresis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of endogenous dopaminergic activity in the intrarenal sodium handling in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis. We studied nine healthy controls and 12 patients with Child-Pugh A cirrhosis during a normosodic diet for (1) dopaminergic activity, as measured by the incremental aldosterone responses 30 and 60 min after intravenous metoclopramide administration; (2) basal plasma levels of active renin and aldosterone; (3) 4-hr renal clearance of lithium (an index of fluid delivery to the distal tubule), creatinine, sodium, and potassium, first without and then with dopaminergic blockade with intravenous metoclopramide. The patients displayed greater endogenous dopaminergic activity, evidenced by higher incremental aldosterone responses compared with controls (+30 min: 160.2 +/- 68.8 vs 83.6 +/- 35.2 pg/ml, P0.01; +60 min: 140.5 +/- 80.3 vs 36.8 +/- 39.1 pg/ml, P0.01, respectively). In spite of this, patients and controls did not show significantly different basal aldosterone plasma levels, delivery of sodium to the distal nephron, or urinary excretion of sodium. In both groups the dopaminergic blockade with metoclopramide determined no change in sodium and potassium urinary excretion, but it caused a fall of the fluid and sodium delivery from the proximal tubule to the distal nephron among the patients (from 30.7 +/- 9.3 to 14.4 +/- 4.5 ml/min, P0.001; and from 4.25 +/- 1.30 to 2.00 +/- 0.64 meq/min, P0.001, respectively). In this group the natriuresis was maintained due to a reduction of the reabsorbed fraction of the distal sodium delivery (from 97.5 +/- 1.9% to 89.8 +/- 12.4%, P0.05). In conclusions, compensated cirrhotic patients display an increased endogenous dopaminergic activity compared with controls. This function is critical in maintaining the delivery of sodium to the distal nephron.
- Published
- 2002
21. La diffusion en Europe de la méthode indirecte bresciano-bergamasque pour la production de fopnte du XVe au XIXe siècle
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Baraldi E., Belhoste J.F., Campocasso P.J., Comiti P.J., and Rubino G.E.
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- 2002
22. Valutazione della performance cardiorespiratoria e delle capacita' di lavoro in adolescenti obesi
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Zanconato, S., Baraldi, E., Rigon, F., Vido, L., Barbato, Angelo, and Zacchello, F.
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- 1987
23. Un caso di rottura traumatica del tratto cervicale della trachea
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Baraldi, E., DE MARCHI, A. M., and Barbato, Angelo
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- 1985
24. Neutropenia in corso di terapia endovenosa con Ceftriaxone
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DE MARCHI, A., Baraldi, E., and Barbato, Angelo
- Published
- 1985
25. A Study of the bronchial tree with fibrotic bronchoscopy in sixty-four children
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Barbato, Angelo, Baraldi, E., and Zanconato, A. M. DE M. A. R. C. H. I. S.
- Published
- 1986
26. Clinical results of anaemia treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin in children maintained by haemodialysis | RISULTATI CLINICI DEL TRATTAMENTO CON ERITROPOIETINA RICOMBINANTE UMANA NELL'ANEMIA DEI BAMBINI IN TRATTAMENTO EMODIALITICO CRONICO
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Montini, G., Cazzin, M., Suppiej, A., Pavanello, L., Zanconato, S., Baraldi, E., Ornella Milanesi, Andreetta, B., and Zacchello, G.
27. Health consequences of obesity in children and adolescents,Conseguenze dell'obesità sulla salute del bambino e dell'adolescente
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Valerio, G., Licenziati, M. R., Manco, M., Ambruzzi, A. M., Bacchini, D., Baraldi, E., Bona, G., Bruzzi, P., Cerutti, F., Corciulo, N., Crinò, A., Franzese, A., Graziano Grugni, Iughetti, L., Lenta, S., Maffeis, C., Marzuillo, P., Miraglia Del Giudice, E., Morandi, A., Morino, G., Moro, B., Perrone, L., Prodam, F., Ricotti, R., Santamaria, F., Zito, E., and Tanas, R.
28. Analgesia and endocrine surgical stress: Effect of two analgesia protocols on cortisol and prolactin levels during abdominal aortic aneurysm endovascular repair
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Barbieri, A., Giuliani, E., Genazzani, A., Baraldi, E., Ferrari, A., Roberto D'Amico, and Coppi, G.
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Aged, 80 and over ,Male ,prolactin ,cortisol 17-OH progesterone ,Hydrocortisone ,17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone ,Midazolam ,Endovascular Procedures ,Pain ,analgesia ,Middle Aged ,vascular surgery ,endorine stress ,Prolactin ,Analgesics, Opioid ,Fentanyl ,Remifentanil ,Intraoperative Period ,Piperidines ,Stress, Physiological ,Humans ,Hypnotics and Sedatives ,Aged ,Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal - Abstract
Endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair was performed with local anaesthesia and intravenous analgesia. The objective of the study was to evaluate how two analgesia protocols affected stress response, measured as cortisol, 17-OH progesterone (17OHP) and prolactin (PRL) concentration during the procedure.44 patients undergoing elective AAA endovascular repair were included to either receive regular boluses of fentanyl midazolam or remifentanil continuous infusion, analgesia was monitored by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) measurement; cortisol, 17OHP and PRL were sampled preoperatively, at skin incision, endovascular prosthesis release and skin suture.42 patients were included. Mean VAS values were lower in the remifentanil group 0.50±0.68 vs 1.48±1.20, p=0.002 at incision, 0.24±0.58 vs 1.45±1.18, p0.001 prosthesis release, 0.51±0.90 vs 1.73±1.45, p=0.002 suture. No statistically significant difference was found among cortisol and 17OHP levels; PRL was significantly lower in the fentanyl-midazolam group (23.83±16.92 ng/ml vs 40.81±22.45 p=0.009 at prosthesis release and 28.23±15.05 vs 41.37±14.54, p=0.007 at suture).Although statistically significant VAS difference had a limited clinical impact due to its small entity. The group that experienced less pain showed a more intense PRL response, while cortisol and 17OHP did not reach statistical significance.
29. Meeting Report: Harmonization of RSV therapeutics – from design to performance
- Author
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Nair H, Ramilo O, Eichler I, Pelfrene E, Mejias A, Fp, Polack, Koen Pouwels, Jm, Langley, Nunes M, van der Maas N, Kragten–Tabatabaie L, Baraldi E, and Bont L
30. High-CO2 for the control of Botrytis cinerea rot during long term storage of red chicory
- Author
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Bertohm, P., Baraldi, E., Mari, M., IRENE DONATI, and Lazzarin, R.
31. Exercise tolerance in end-stage renal disease
- Author
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Zanconato, S., Baraldi, E., Giovanni Montini, Zacchello, G., and Zacchello, F.
- Subjects
Male ,Hemoglobins ,Adolescent ,Anaerobic Threshold ,Pulmonary Gas Exchange ,Renal Dialysis ,Exercise Test ,Physical Endurance ,Humans ,Kidney Failure, Chronic ,Female ,Child - Abstract
The cardiorespiratory and metabolic response to exercise was evaluated in children with end-stage renal failure maintained on haemodialysis. Eight patients (haemodialysis group), 4 boys and 4 girls, with a mean age of 13.4 +/- 3.6 years (range 9.4-18.6 years) and haemoglobin levels ranging from 5.3 to 7.6 g/dl and 16 healthy children (control group) performed a progressive exercise testing on a treadmill. Gas exchange was simultaneously monitored. The mean ventilatory anaerobic threshold of the haemodialysis group, expressed as a percentage of the reference values, was 59.1 +/- 18.2%, and their maximum work load (29.9 +/- 19 W) was about one fourth of that reached by the control group (113.3 +/- 51.6 W). Ventilatory anaerobic threshold values in the haemodialysis group significantly correlated with blood haemoglobin levels, but not with creatinine and parathyroid hormone concentrations. We, therefore, conclude (1) that children maintained on chronic haemodialysis have a marked reduction in aerobic working capacity and (2) that the major cause for this limitation appears to be the reduced haemoglobin concentration.
32. Editing genomico in piante da frutto per la difesa dalle principali malatti
- Author
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Claudio Moser, Lorenza Dalla Costa, Lisa Giacomelli, Baraldi, E., and Mickael Malnoy
- Subjects
Disease resistance ,Settore AGR/07 - GENETICA AGRARIA ,Fruit trees ,CRISPR/Cas9
33. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke is associated with lower plasma β-carotene levels among nonsmoking women married to a smoker
- Author
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Farchi, S., Forastiere, F., Pistelli, R., Baldacci, S., Simoni, M., Perucci, C. A., Viegi, G., Mallone, S., Lo Presti, E., Pistelli, F., Simone, M., Scalera, A., Pedreschi, M., Corbo, G., Rapiti, E., Nera Agabiti, Basso, S., Chiaffi, L., Mattelli, G., Di Pede, F., Carrozzi, L., Puntoni, R., Bigazzi, A., Sampietro, T., Licitra, R., Bigazzi, F., Patricelli, A., Rosellini, A., Angino, A., Attisani, B., Martini, F., Piegaia, B., Lazzeri, G., Silvi, P., Zen, L., Baraldi, E., Prosdocimi, M. T., and Quercia, A.
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Lung Neoplasms ,Myocardial Ischemia ,Ascorbic Acid ,Environmental Exposure ,Middle Aged ,beta Carotene ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Humans ,Female ,Tobacco Smoke Pollution ,Spouses ,Aged - Abstract
We evaluated the association between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) from husbands who smoke and plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins among nonsmoking women. A total of 1249 women from four areas in Italy answered a self-administered questionnaire, reported their diets on a food frequency questionnaire, had a medical examination, and gave their blood for alpha and beta-carotene, retinol, L-ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, and lycopene determinations. Urinary cotinine was used to evaluate the level of recent exposure to ETS. After adjusting for study center, age and education, we found no association between ETS exposure and daily nutrient intake of beta-carotene, retinol, L-ascorbic acid, and alpha-tocopherol. However, we found an inverse dose-response relationship between intensity of current husband's smoke and concentrations of plasma beta-carotene and L-ascorbic acid. The associations remained even after controlling for daily beta-carotene and vitamin C intake and for other potential confounders (vitamin supplementation, alcohol consumption, and body mass index). Moreover, when urinary cotinine was considered as the exposure variable, a significant inverse association with plasma beta-carotene was found. The findings may be of interest to explain the biological mechanism that link ETS exposure with lung cancer and ischemic heart diseases.
34. Are adverse events of nevirapine and efavirenz related to plasma concentrations?
- Author
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Kappelhoff, B. S., Frank van Leth, Robinson, P. A., Macgregor, T. R., Baraldi, E., Montella, F., Uip, D. E., Thompson, M. A., Russell, D. B., Lange, J. M. A., Beijnen, J. H., and Huitema, A. D. R.
35. Lung Ultrasound to Monitor Extremely Preterm Infants and Predict Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. A Multicenter Longitudinal Cohort Study
- Author
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Barbara Loi, Fabio Mosca, Virgilio P. Carnielli, Eugenio Baraldi, Giulia Vigo, Daniele De Luca, Francesco Raimondi, Loi, B., Vigo, G., Baraldi, E., Raimondi, F., Carnielli, V. P., Mosca, F., and De Luca, D.
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Critically ill ,Extremely preterm ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Bronchopulmonary dysplasia ,Lung ultrasound ,03 medical and health sciences ,Neonate ,0302 clinical medicine ,Chronic lung disease ,030228 respiratory system ,Medicine ,Acute respiratory failure ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Ultrasonography ,Longitudinal cohort ,Prematurity ,business - Abstract
Rationale: Lung ultrasound is useful in critically ill patients with acute respiratory failure. Given its characteristics, it could also be useful in extremely preterm infants with evolving chronic respiratory failure, as we lack accurate imaging tools to monitor them. Objectives: To verify if lung ultrasound can monitor lung aeration and function and has good reliability to predict bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely preterm neonates. Methods: A multicenter, international, prospective, longitudinal, cohort, diagnostic accuracy study consecutively enrolling inborn neonates with gestational age 3016 weeks or younger. Lung ultrasound was performed on the 1, 7, 14, and 28 days of life, and lung ultrasound scores were calculated and correlated with simultaneous blood gases and work of breathing score. Gestational age-adjusted lung ultrasound scores were created, verified in multivariate models, and subjected to receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analyses to predict bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks postmenstrual age. Measurements and Main Results: Mean lung ultrasound scores are different between infants developing (n572) or not developing (n575) bronchopulmonary dysplasia (P,0.001 at any time point). Lung ultrasound scores significantly correlate with oxygenation metrics and work of breathing at any time point (P always,0.0001). Gestational age-adjusted lung ultrasound scores significantly predict bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 7 (area under ROC curve, 0.826-0.833; P,0.0001) and 14 (area under ROC curve, 0.834-0.858; P,0.0001) days of life. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia severity and gestational age-adjusted lung ultrasound scores are significantly correlated at 7 and 14 days (P always,0.0001). Conclusions: Lung ultrasound scores allow monitoring of lung aeration and function in extremely preterm infants. Gestational age-adjusted scores significantly predict the occurrence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, starting from the seventh day of life.
- Published
- 2021
36. RSV disease in infants and young children: Can we see a brighter future?
- Author
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Eugenio Baraldi, Giovanni Checcucci Lisi, Claudio Costantino, Jon H. Heinrichs, Paolo Manzoni, Matteo Riccò, Michelle Roberts, Natalya Vassilouthis, Baraldi E., Checcucci Lisi G., Costantino C., Heinrichs J.H., Manzoni P., Ricco M., Roberts M., and Vassilouthis N.
- Subjects
respiratory syncytial virus ,Immunology ,RSV vaccines ,Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ,Communicable Diseases ,RSV prevention ,RSV all infants ,Immunology and Allergy ,Humans ,Child ,monoclonal antibodie ,Respiratory Tract Infections ,Pharmacology ,RSV all infant ,Infant, Newborn ,RSV ,Infant ,Antibodies, Monoclonal ,RSV paediatric burden ,Hospitalization ,LRTI ,RSV epidemiology ,Child, Preschool ,Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human ,Bronchiolitis ,monoclonal antibodies ,RSV prevention: RSV vaccines - Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a highly contagious seasonal virus and the leading cause of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTI), including pneumonia and bronchiolitis in children. RSV-related LRTI cause approximately 3 million hospitalizations and 120,000 deaths annually among children
- Published
- 2022
37. Management of Post-Harvest Anthracnose: Current Approaches and Future Perspectives
- Author
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Alice Ciofini, Francesca Negrini, Riccardo Baroncelli, Elena Baraldi, Ciofini A., Negrini F., Baroncelli R., and Baraldi E.
- Subjects
post-harvest ,anthracnose ,Ecology ,Colletotrichum ,Plant Science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,crop protection - Abstract
Anthracnose is a severe disease caused by Colletotrichum spp. on several crop species. Fungal infections can occur both in the field and at the post-harvest stage causing severe lesions on fruits and economic losses. Physical treatments and synthetic fungicides have traditionally been the preferred means to control anthracnose adverse effects; however, the urgent need to decrease the use of toxic chemicals led to the investigation of innovative and sustainable protection techniques. Evidence for the efficacy of biological agents and vegetal derivates has been reported; however, their introduction into actual crop protection strategies requires the solutions of several critical issues. Biotechnology-based approaches have also been explored, revealing the opportunity to develop innovative and safe methods for anthracnose management through genome editing and RNA interference technologies. Nevertheless, besides the number of advantages related to their use, e.g., the putative absence of adverse effects due to their high specificity, a number of aspects remain to be clarified to enable their introduction into Integrated Pest Management (IPM) protocols against Colletotrichum spp. disease.
- Published
- 2022
38. Induced expression of the Fragaria × ananassa Rapid alkalinization factor‐33‐like gene decreases anthracnose ontogenic resistance of unripe strawberry fruit stages
- Author
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Francesca Negrini, Elena Baraldi, Maria Cecilia Merino, Annalisa Pession, Dario de Biase, Michela Guidarelli, Merino M.C., Guidarelli M., Negrini F., De Biase D., Pession A., and Baraldi E.
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Receptor complex ,Colletotrichum acutatum ,Hypha ,RIPENING ,Soil Science ,RALF ,Plant Science ,Biology ,Fragaria ,01 natural sciences ,COLLETOTRICHUM ACUTATUM ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Gene expression ,Colletotrichum ,Molecular Biology ,Plant Diseases ,Botrytis cinerea ,FRAGARIA × ANANASSA ,Penicillium ,FUNGI ,food and beverages ,Ripening ,Original Articles ,purl.org/becyt/ford/4.5 [https] ,biology.organism_classification ,ripening ,030104 developmental biology ,Fruit ,Original Article ,Botrytis ,fungi ,Penicillium expansum ,Fragaria × ananassa ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,purl.org/becyt/ford/4 [https] ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Rapid alkalinization factor (RALF) genes encode for ubiquitous small peptides that stimulate apoplastic alkalinization through interaction with malectin-like receptor kinase. RALF peptides may act as negative regulators of plant immune response, inhibiting the formation of the signal receptor complex for immune activation. Recently RALF homologues were identified in different fungal pathogen genomes contributing to host infection ability. Here, FaRALF-33-like gene expression was evaluated in strawberry fruits inoculated with Colletotrichum acutatum, Botrytis cinerea, or Penicillium expansum after 24 and 48 h post-infection. To investigate the role of FaRALF-33-like in strawberry susceptibility, transient transformation was used to overexpress it in white unripe fruits and silence it in red ripe fruits. Agroinfiltrated fruits were inoculated with C. acutatum and expression, and histological analysis of infection were performed. Silencing of FaRALF-33-like expression in C. acutatum-inoculated red fruits led to a delay in fruit colonization by the fungal pathogen, and infected tissues showed less penetrated infective hyphae than in wild-type fruits. In contrast, C. acutatum-inoculated white unripe fruits overexpressing the FaRALF-33-like gene decreased the ontogenic resistance of these fruits, leading to the appearance of disease symptoms and penetrated subcuticular hyphae, normally absent in white unripe fruits. The different response of transfected strawberry fruits to C. acutatum supports the hypothesis that the FaRALF-33-like gene plays an important role in the susceptibility of fruits to the fungal pathogen C. acutatum. Fil: Merino, Maria Cecilia. Universidad de Bologna; Italia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Guidarelli, Michela. Universidad de Bologna; Italia Fil: Negrini, Francesca. Universidad de Bologna; Italia Fil: De Biase, Dario. Universidad de Bologna; Italia Fil: Pession, Annalisa. Universidad de Bologna; Italia Fil: Baraldi, Elena. Universidad de Bologna; Italia
- Published
- 2019
39. A network perspective on the reshoring process: The relevance of the home- and the host-country contexts
- Author
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Francesco Ciabuschi, Enrico Baraldi, Olof Lindahl, Luciano Fratocchi, Baraldi E., Ciabuschi F., Lindahl O., and Fratocchi L.
- Subjects
Marketing ,Offshoring ,Process (engineering) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Context (language use) ,Purchasing ,Interdependence ,Reshoring ,Network element ,0502 economics and business ,Reshoring, Network approach, IMP,offshoring, case study ,Factory (object-oriented programming) ,050211 marketing ,Business ,050203 business & management ,Industrial organization ,media_common - Abstract
While research on reshoring generally focuses on the host-country to explain why a company brings its previously offshored activities back home, this paper stresses the relevance also of the home-country context. Specifically, relying on the IMP (Industrial Marketing & Purchasing) perspective we show how offshoring and reshoring processes and decisions are both enabled and constrained by the micro-interactions and interdependencies in the industrial networks stretching over the home-country and the host-country. This work relies on a longitudinal case study about an Italian manufacturing firm to develop a model indicating how offshoring/reshoring is a long-term process which unfolds depending both on the focal firm's strategy and on its interplay with the embedding network. Next to this interactive process perspective, we contribute to the literature on reshoring and the global factory also the concept of “selective reshoring”, whereby companies bring back a very specific sub-set of activities, which were previously fine-sliced and offshored, and re-embed these activities in their local home context. The more flexible and selective nature of this relocation of activities between different supply markets depends both on the firm's strategy and on the structure, overlap and evolution of the network elements located in the home- and host-country contexts.
- Published
- 2018
40. RNA Interference Strategies for Future Management of Plant Pathogenic Fungi: Prospects and Challenges
- Author
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Francesca Negrini, Luca Capriotti, Zeraye Mehari Haile, Bruno Mezzetti, Daniel Endale Gebremichael, Silvia Sabbadini, Elena Baraldi, Gebremichael D.E., Haile Z.M., Negrini F., Sabbadini S., Capriotti L., Mezzetti B., and Baraldi E.
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Fusarium ,Plant Science ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,dsRNA formulation ,small RNA production ,03 medical and health sciences ,RNA interference ,biochemistry ,Gene silencing ,Epigenetics ,Gene ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Ecology ,biology ,business.industry ,fungi ,Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ,Botany ,food and beverages ,RNA ,dsRNA delivery ,biology.organism_classification ,Biotechnology ,RNA silencing ,030104 developmental biology ,QK1-989 ,business ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Plant pathogenic fungi are the largest group of disease-causing agents on crop plants and represent a persistent and significant threat to agriculture worldwide. Conventional approaches based on the use of pesticides raise social concern for the impact on the environment and human health and alternative control methods are urgently needed. The rapid improvement and extensive implementation of RNA interference (RNAi) technology for various model and non-model organisms has provided the initial framework to adapt this post-transcriptional gene silencing technology for the management of fungal pathogens. Recent studies showed that the exogenous application of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules on plants targeting fungal growth and virulence-related genes provided disease attenuation of pathogens like Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Fusarium graminearum in different hosts. Such results highlight that the exogenous RNAi holds great potential for RNAi-mediated plant pathogenic fungal disease control. Production of dsRNA can be possible by using either in-vitro or in-vivo synthesis. In this review, we describe exogenous RNAi involved in plant pathogenic fungi and discuss dsRNA production, formulation, and RNAi delivery methods. Potential challenges that are faced while developing a RNAi strategy for fungal pathogens, such as off-target and epigenetic effects, with their possible solutions are also discussed.
- Published
- 2021
41. Exploring the Obstacles to Implementing Economic Mechanisms to Stimulate Antibiotic Research and Development
- Author
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Ross Leach, Enrico Baraldi, Alexandra Waluszewski, Chantal M. Morel, Francesco Ciabuschi, Baraldi E., Ciabuschi F., Leach R., Morel C.M., and Waluszewski A.
- Subjects
Biomedical Research ,Health (social science) ,Intellectual property ,0603 philosophy, ethics and religion ,01 natural sciences ,Business studies ,Patents as Topic ,Research Support as Topic ,Drug Discovery ,Health care ,Milestone (project management) ,Economics ,Humans ,0101 mathematics ,Reimbursement, Incentive ,Reimbursement ,geography ,Summit ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,business.industry ,010102 general mathematics ,06 humanities and the arts ,General Medicine ,Public relations ,United States ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Incentive ,New product development ,060301 applied ethics ,business ,Law - Abstract
This Article examines the potential stakeholder-related obstacles hindering the implementation of mechanisms to re-ignite the development of novel antibiotics. Proposed economic models and incentives to drive such development include: Public Funding of Research and Development (“R&D”), Tax Incentives, Milestone Prizes, End Payments, Intellectual Property (“IP”) and Exclusivity Extensions, Pricing and Reimbursement Incentives, Product Development Partnerships (“PDPs”), and the Options Market for Antibiotics model. Drawing on personal experience and understanding of the antibiotic field, as well as stakeholder consultation and numerous expert meetings within the DRIVE-AB project and Uppsala Health Summit 2015, the Authors identify obstacles attributable to the following actors: Universities and Research Institutes, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (“SMEs”), Large Pharmaceutical Companies, Marketing Approval Regulators, Payors, Healthcare Providers, National Healthcare Authorities, Patients, and Supranational Institutions.The analysis also proposes a characterization and ranking of the difficulty associated with implementing the reviewed mechanisms. Public Funding of R&D, Pricing and Reimbursement Incentives, and PDPs are mechanisms expected to meet highly systemic barriers (i.e., obstacles across the entire antibiotic value chain), imposing greater implementation challenges in that they require convincing and involving several motivationally diverse actors in order to have much effect.
- Published
- 2016
42. Simulating Market Entry Rewards for Antibiotics Development
- Author
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Christopher Okhravi, Francesco Ciabuschi, Olof Lindahl, Steve McKeever, Simone Callegari, Enrico Baraldi, Carl Kronlid, Okhravi C., Callegari S., McKeever S., Kronlid C., Baraldi E., Lindahl O., and Ciabuschi F.
- Subjects
Biomedical Research ,Drug Industry ,Microeconomics ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,0502 economics and business ,Anti-Bacterial Agent ,Drug Discovery ,Economics ,Revenue ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,050207 economics ,Drug industry ,Health policy ,health care economics and organizations ,Motivation ,Health Policy ,05 social sciences ,General Medicine ,Venture capital ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Issues, ethics and legal aspects ,Policy intervention ,Monte Carlo Method ,Human - Abstract
We design an agent based Monte Carlo model of antibiotics research and development (R&D) to explore the effects of the policy intervention known as Market Entry Reward (MER) on the likelihood that an antibiotic entering pre-clinical development reaches the market. By means of sensitivity analysis we explore the interaction between the MER and four key parameters: projected net revenues, R&D costs, venture capitalists discount rates, and large pharmaceutical organizations' financial thresholds. We show that improving revenues may be more efficient than reducing costs, and thus confirm that this pull-based policy intervention effectively stimulates antibiotics R&D.
- Published
- 2018
43. Different Antifungal Activity of Anabaena sp., Ecklonia sp., and Jania sp. against Botrytis cinerea
- Author
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Antera Martel Quintana, Yolanda García Fernández, Roberta Roberti, Hillary Righini, Elena Baraldi, Righini H., Baraldi E., Fernandez Y.G., Quintana A.M., and Roberti R.
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,polysaccharides ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Polysaccharide ,cyanobacteria ,01 natural sciences ,Microbiology ,Botrytis cinerea ,03 medical and health sciences ,Drug Discovery ,Spore germination ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous) ,Pathogen ,030304 developmental biology ,algae ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Colony-forming unit ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Anabaena ,antifungal activity ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Ecklonia ,biology.organism_classification ,Spore ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,chemistry ,strawberry ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Water extracts and polysaccharides from Anabaena sp., Ecklonia sp., and Jania sp. were tested for their activity against the fungal plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Water extracts at 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mg/mL inhibited B. cinerea growth in vitro. Antifungal activity of polysaccharides obtained by N-cetylpyridinium bromide precipitation in water extracts was evaluated in vitro and in vitro at 0.5, 2.0, and 3.5 mg/mL. These concentrations were tested against fungal colony growth, spore germination, colony forming units (CFUs), CFU growth, and on strawberry fruits against B. cinerea infection with pre- and post-harvest application. In in vitro experiments, polysaccharides from Anabaena sp. and from Ecklonia sp. inhibited B. cinerea colony growth, CFUs, and CFU growth, while those extracted from Jania sp. reduced only the pathogen spore germination. In in vitro experiments, all concentrations of polysaccharides from Anabaena sp., Ecklonia sp., and Jania sp. reduced both the strawberry fruits infected area and the pathogen sporulation in the pre-harvest treatment, suggesting that they might be good candidates as preventive products in crop protection.
- Published
- 2019
44. HIGH-CO2 FOR THE CONTROL OF BOTRYTIS CINEREA ROT DURING LONG TERM STORAGE OF RED CHICORY
- Author
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Montse Mari, R. Lazzarin, Elena Baraldi, Irene Donati, Paolo Bertolini, MENCARELLI F., TONUTTI P., Bertolini P., Baraldi E., Mari M., Donati I., and Lazzarin R.
- Subjects
biology ,STORAGE ROT ,Moho ,Inoculation ,RADICCHIO ,food and beverages ,Germ tube ,Horticulture ,CYCHORIUM INTYBUS ,biology.organism_classification ,Germination ,Cichorium ,Postharvest ,CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE ,LOW TEMPERATURE ,Mycelium ,Botrytis cinerea - Abstract
The effects of CO 2 -enriched atmospheres on the infections of Botrytis cinerea in red chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. silvestre Bischoff) cv. 'Radicchio rosso di Chioggia' were studied during storage at 0°C up to 150 days. B cinerea growth, conidial germination and sclerotial production were evaluated also in vitro. Mycelial growth on PDA decreased linearly as CO 2 concentrations increased from 5, 10, 15 and 20%. A reduced production of sclerotia in air, by the colonies formerly exposed to various CO 2 concentrations, was also detected. Conidial germination and germ tube elongation was delayed with increased CO 2 and inhibited at 20% CO 2 . In artificially inoculated heads, lesion area caused by B. cinerea decreased with increasing concentrations of CO 2 up to 60 days of storage; later only 10 and 15% CO 2 were really effective, while after 120 days all the concentration tested showed a low efficacy. In naturally infected heads the effect of 5 and 10% CO 2 was remarkable even after 150 days of storage as it was prevented not only the growth of B. cinerea in each single head but also the disease spread to adjacent plant (nesting), thus reducing the overall losses. Phytotoxic effects combined with a higher vulnerability to rots were detected in heads kept at 15% CO 2 for 150 days.
- Published
- 2005
45. VARIATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME GENE EXPRESSION DURING COLD STORAGE OF AUBERGINE
- Author
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Paolo Bertolini, Elena Baraldi, Paola Zubini, P.Zubini, P. Bertolini, E. baraldi, MENCARELLI F., TONUTTI P., Zubini P., Bertolini P., and Baraldi E.
- Subjects
Antioxidant ,biology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Glutathione reductase ,Cold storage ,ROS ,REAL TIME PCR ,Horticulture ,COLD STRESS ,medicine.disease_cause ,Superoxide dismutase ,L-ascorbate peroxidase ,Biochemistry ,Catalase ,biology.protein ,medicine ,POST HARVEST ,AUBERGINE ,Oxidative stress ,Peroxidase - Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are dangerous molecules because they can cause damage to proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. ROS production in plants increases at low temperatures; particularly sub-tropical species are sensitive to ROS when they are exposed to temperatures below 10°C. To prevent damage from ROS and to scavenge them, plants developed an enzymatic and a non-enzymatic antioxidant system. The enzymatic antioxidant system was studied in this work during the post-harvest cold storage of aubergine using the real time PCR technique in order to monitor changes in the transcript level of genes encoding for ROS scavenging enzymes. Changes in Mn Superoxide-dismutase, Catalase, Glutathione reductase, Ascorbate peroxidase gene expression were analyzed during storage at 0°C and at 10°C up to 10 days. Catalase gene expression is stimulated during storage at 10°C and inhibited at 0°C. Equally, Glutathione reductase gene expression is upregulated in this milder refrigeration condition. On the contrary Mn-superoxide dismutase and Ascorbate peroxidase transcript levels decrease with respect to the initial amount for both temperatures. This suggests that oxidative stress can cause damage during cold storage of aubergine. The expression of ROS scavenging enzymes is positively regulated during the 10°C cold storage contrary to the 0°C cold storage, indicating the presence of oxidative stress and a tissue reaction.
- Published
- 2005
46. Interaction Perspectives of Individuals and Destination Marketing Organizations in the Tourism Network of Australia
- Author
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Kattiyapornpong, U, Miller, K, Baraldi, E, Hadjikhani, A, Harrision, D, Linne, A, and Waluszewski, A
- Abstract
This paper seeks to assess the nature, perspectives and characteristics of interactions in the tourism network in Australia. The pattern of interactions between network participants is crucial in defining the network and its boundaries. Ford and Hakansson (2007) develop a structure of interactions between participants in a network. Time dimensions of the interactions are sequence, ordering and trajectory. Relativity dimensions are jointness, interdependence and heterogeneity. Interaction can be problem solving both incurring costs and producing benefits.There are two stages of this research. The first stage obtained the perspectives from 35 organizations regarding the challenges facing tourism, key growth segments, brand and promotional strategies and customer insights and satisfaction levels. The second stage of this research uses follow up personal interviews and assesses the interaction patterns among network participants. The sequence, ordering and trajectory of the interactions are examined as are the jointness, interdependence and heterogeneity of the interactions. A network map is produced based on the frequency and importance of the communications and interactions. The research will also address key questions identified by Johnston, Peters and Gassenheimer (2006). Is the network characterized by tighter or looser coupling? How important is collaboration to the survival (or success) of each participant?
- Published
- 2008
47. Conformational stability studies of the pleckstrin DEP domain: definition of the domain boundaries
- Author
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Stefania Millevoi, Annalisa Pastore, Abdelhakim Kharrat, Chris P. Ponting, Elena Baraldi, Peer Bork, Kharrat, A, Millevoi, S, Baraldi, E, Ponting, Cp, Bork, P, and Pastore, A
- Subjects
Circular dichroism ,Protein Denaturation ,Protein Folding ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Biophysics ,Biochemistry ,Protein Structure, Secondary ,Protein structure ,Structural Biology ,EVH1 domain ,Escherichia coli ,Humans ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Molecular Biology ,Protein secondary structure ,Peptide sequence ,Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ,Conserved Sequence ,Chemistry ,Circular Dichroism ,Blood Proteins ,Phosphoproteins ,Recombinant Proteins ,Pleckstrin homology domain ,Crystallography ,DEP domain ,Protein folding ,Peptides - Abstract
Pleckstrin is the major substrate of protein kinase C in platelets. It contains at its N- and C-termini two pleckstrin homology (PH) domains which have been proposed to mediate protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions. A new module, called DEP, has recently been identified by sequence analysis in the central region of pleckstrin. In order to study this module, several recombinant polypeptides corresponding to the DEP module and N- and C-termini extended forms have been expressed. Using circular dichroism (CD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques, the domain boundaries have been determined that yield a soluble and folded pleckstrin DEP domain. This comprises 93 amino acids with an alpha/beta fold in agreement with secondary structure predictions. Stability studies indicate that the regions surrounding the DEP domain do not contribute to its stability suggesting that the phosphorylation sites at S113, T114 and S117 are in an unstructured region. Identification of the regions of pleckstrin that are folded shall facilitate determination of its structure and function.
- Published
- 1998
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