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Introduction Carbamate insecticides are methyl carbamic acid esters and reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. In contrast to the long-term action of organophosphate insecticides, this complex undergoes rapid hydrolysis. Case report A suicidal poisoning by exposure to carbofuran in a 43-year-old farmer is reported. The patient had a sudden respiratory and cardiac arrest in the mechanism of bradycardia asystole. He was additionally diagnosed with metabolic acidosis and massive aspiration pneumonia. After applied treatment, the patient's general condition improved - alignment of efficiency of both respiratory and circulatory efficiency were reached. Conclusion Carbofuran is one of the most toxic carbamate insecticides. It is therefore important to react quickly and choose the right treatment. Differentiation between organophosphate and carbamate intoxication is essential.

Introduction: Schizoaffective disorder is described as a combination of symptoms of schizophrenia and mood disorder components. It is estimated that in 2009 in Poland over 30 thousands women were treated in outpatient care because of schizotypical disorders, also in 2009, over 5,5 thousands Polish women, were hospitalised because of the same reason. Material and method: We searched through whole medical documentation of the patient, which were available at the Department of Psychiatry and Gynaecology. We mainly focused on the last hospitalization of the woman. We found research connected to our subject on Science Direct website. Discussion: A 34-year-old woman was admitted to Department of Psychiatry, patient was 14 weeks pregnant. Family described her behaviour as verbally and physically aggressive and dysphoric which forced her parents to take woman to the hospital. It was her third hospitalization. Pharmacotherapy was insufficient to improve the mental state of the woman. Doctors decided to carry out a series of electroconvulsive treatments (10 procedures). When woman was 36 weeks pregnant, there was a leak of green amniotic fluid and it was necessary to perform a caesarean section. A newborn required mechanical ventilation, had decreased muscle tone and facial dysmorphic features, also defect of the atrial septum was found. Conclusions: Pregnant women with psychiatric disorders should be all considered high risk. It means that they need multidisciplinary care – psychiatrist, gynaecologist, neonatologist or other specialists, in order to stay in a good condition mentally and physically during pregnancy.

Janeczko Dominika, Orzeł Anna, Klatka Barbara, Hołowczuk Magdalena, Szlichta Grzegorz. Current pharmacotherapy and diagnostic methods of Pompe Disease in Poland. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(9):703-707. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3457463 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/7491 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2019; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 10.09.2019. Revised: 19.09.2019. Accepted: 22.09.2019. Current pharmacotherapy and diagnostic methods of Pompe Disease in Poland Dominika Janeczko, Anna Orzeł, Barbara Klatka, Magdalena Hołowczuk, Grzegorz Szlichta Students’ Research Group at the Department of Epidemiology and Methodology of Clinical Research, Medical University of Lublin Abstract: Pompe disease is estimated to happen in 1 out of 40000 borns. It is rare metabolic disease connected to autosomal recessive genetic mutation. Disease is characterised by deficit of α-glucosidase (GAA) which is lysosomal glycogen hydrolizing enzyme acid. Decreased activity of enzyme leads to glycogen storage in lysosomes which appears as disfunction of tissues, especially cardiac muscle and skeletal muscles. In Poland, we have two common and very simple methods to diagnose Pompe disease. First test is dried blood spot (DBS), second is full peripheral blood test. Currently, in Poland, drug containing alglucosidase alpha is refunded. Drug is available as powder for infusion. Periodic assessment of therapy effectiveness is performed at least every 6 months based on rating the patient's clinical condition and assessment of the effectiveness of the therapy used. Keywords: Pompe disease, alglucosidade alpha, chromosome 17, glycogen storage disease type ii &nbsp

Infertility and fecundity problems concern 10-18% of partners in their reproductive years compromising around one million females and males in Poland. Research and analysis of factors that affect male fertility are limited, especially, regarding the age of the father and determining the age at which quality of semen decreases. Age of the father has greater impact than maternal age, on cases of sporadic autosomal dominant congenital diseases such as Apert, Crouzon, Pfeiffer, Noonan and Costello syndromes, multiple endocrine neoplasia (types 2A and 2B) and achondroplasia. However, there are only a few reports taking paternal advanced age into consideration for pre-mature birth, low Apgar scores or admission to a neonatal intensive care department. Paternal age increases the frequency of congenital diseases such as heart malformations as well as oral, palate and lip cleft. Moreover, mental disorders (autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, low IQ level as well as ADHD) also occur more frequently in advanced father's age. Advanced paternal age is defined differently in every research. It depends on disorders in offspring we are talking about. Paternal age has an impact on child's health and development and it is as significant as maternal age, when it comes to reproductive matters.

Terpiłowski Michał, Tkaczyk Jędrzej, Klatka Barbara, Orzeł Anna, Janeczko Dominika, Hołowczuk Magdalena, Kęsik Jan, IłżeckiMarek. Deep vein thrombosis in a 19-year-old patient with thrombophilia - description of the diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(8):773-778. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3407931 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/7244 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2019; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.07.2019. Revised: 25.07.2019. Accepted: 12.08.2019. Deep vein thrombosis in a 19-year-old patient with thrombophilia‑description of the diagnosis and treatment Michał Terpiłowski1, Jędrzej Tkaczyk1, Barbara Klatka1, Anna Orzeł1, DominikaJaneczko1, Magdalena Hołowczuk1, Jan Jakub Kęsik2, Marek Iłżecki2 Students' Scientific Society at the Departament of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Medical University of Lublin Departament of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Medical University of Lublin Abstract Introduction: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a condition in which a blood clot forms in one of the body's deep veins, most commonly of the leg or pelvis. Before the fourth decade of life risk of DVT is low (about 1 per 10000). After the age of 45, it rises and approaches about 5 per 1000 by the age of 80. Noteworthy is the fact, that patients with a positive family history have a higher risk of DVT at a young age. Essential risk factors for developing DVT are genetic conditions or acquired thrombophilia and positive family history, but the lack of family predisposition cannot rule out the occurrence of DVT. Standard treatment method of DVT involves intravenous anticoagulation with the use of low molecular weight heparin and compression therapy. Apart from the above-mentioned methods, we can distinguish intermittent pneumatic compression, surgical embolectomy, pharmacomechanical thrombectomy, and venous stenting. Case Report: We present a case report of 19 - year old patient who was first admitted to hospital in April 2017 urgently with symptoms of pulmonary embolism which was confirmed in angio-CT. Moreover, in the Doppler ultrasound, left common iliac vein (LCIV), left external iliac vein (LEIV) and left femoral vein (LFV) thrombosis was diagnosed. During the hospitalization, genetic tests, antibody levels, and antithrombin levels were performed for thrombophilia and systemic diseases conducive to thrombosis. In October 2017 the angio-MR of the pelvis confirmed visible pressure on the LCIV, caused by the common iliac artery, which corresponds to the May-Turner syndrome. In March 2018 he was admitted to the clinic with DVT symptoms of the left lower limb such as swelling, pain, and redness. The patient underwent venous angioplasty and stent implantation for LCIV. The patient was discharged from hospital with recommendations such as compression therapy, Doppler ultrasonography and monitoring of INR. Discussion: Venous thrombosis is a multicausal disease: more than one risk factor needs to be present before thrombosis occurs. Choice of DVT treatment method is aimed at improving the quality of life of patients depending on clinical symptoms. venous stenting for an iliofemoral occlusive disease is a safe and effective method of treatment. It can be done with excellent patency rates expected in cases of idiopathic occlusion and May-Thurner syndrome. On this basis, the legitimacy of using venous stent implantation as an effective method of treatment of recurrent DVT episodes can be confirmed, which has been used in the described case Key words: deep vein thrombosis; pharmacomechanical thrombectomy; thrombophilia

Hołowczuk Magdalena, Janeczko Dominika, Orzeł Anna, Klatka Barbara, Terpiłowski Michał, PiecewiczSzczęsna Halina. The use of tamoxifen in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2019;9(6):163-176. eISNN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3240038 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/7003 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/sedno-webapp/works/915320 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26/01/2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2019; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.05.2019. Revised: 25.05.2019. Accepted: 06.06.2019. The use of tamoxifen in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer Magdalena Hołowczuk1, Dominika Janeczko1, Anna Orzeł1, BarbaraKlatka1, Michał Terpiłowski1, Halina Piecewicz-Szczęsna2 Students’ Research Group at the Department of Epidemiology and Methodology of Clinical Research, Medical University of Lublin Department of Epidemiology and Methodology of Clinical Research, Medical University of Lublin Abstract: Breast cancer is the most frequently occurring malignant neoplasm among women. Statistically, it constitutes 22,8% of all malignant neoplasms among females. Despite the fact that the causes of the disease remain unknown, a few risk factors are contributing to its development. Age, family history, type of lifestyle, hormones and genetic background have a significant association with occurrence of breast cancer. Due to the fact that time in which female sex hormones affect mammary gland is one of the most important risk factors of breast cancer development, more researchers focused on the use of drugs such as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) in the disease prevention. Tamoxifen has antiestrogenic effect. That results in the inhibition of both- growth factors release and synthesis by the tumour. Moreover, this drug works as agonist, replacing oestrogen to many tissues, such as the ones in liver, bone, breast and uterus. In the literature there are many reports about the effectiveness of tamoxifen in the prevention of breast cancer. The drug, in addition to using it as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer, can be used as a prophylactic of the disease. Side effects of the drug are rare, but they cannot be completely excluded. Breast cancer, which is currently the most common tumour in the globe, is a serious worldwide public health quandary. Tamoxifen is considered to be a pioneering drug as it is used in combined breast cancer therapy and also in chemoprophylaxis ,but every case of using the medicine should be considered individually to assess benefit-risk ratio. Key words: tamoxifen, breast cancer, selective estrogen receptor modulators, prevention &nbsp