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Notelaea neolanceolata Hong-Wa & Besnard, nom. nov. Basionym: Olea lanceolata Hook.f., Fl. Nov.-Zel. 1: 176. 1853. ≡ Gymnelaea lanceolata (Hook.f.) L.A.S.Johnson, Contr. New South Wales Natl. Herb. 2: 412. 1957. ≡ Nestegis lanceolata (Hook.f.) L.A.S.Johnson, Fl. Hawaiiensis 300. 1958. ≡ Notelaea lanceolata (Hook.f.) Hong-Wa & Besnard, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 200: 377. 2022, nom. illeg. [non Notelaea lanceolata Teijsm. & Binn., Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned. - Indië 27: 33. 1864]. Lectotype:— NEW ZEALAND. Without locality, s.d., Colenso? Or Sinclair? s.n. (K [K000978896! image]), Published as part of Hong-Wa, Cynthia & Besnard, Guillaume, 2023, Notelaea neolanceolata, a new replacement name for Notelaea lanceolata (Oleaceae), pp. 125-126 in Phytotaxa 595 (1) on page 125, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.11, http://zenodo.org/record/7889417

FD-SOI CMOS technology is entering the mmWave realm, providing undeniable benefits in terms of data-rates, bandwidth, latency and power consumption improvements. The high resistivity substrate option is seen as a major booster to reach ultimate mmWave performances. The engineering challenges related to this new wafer generation are addressed in this paper. We will review benefits and drawbacks of each possible high resistivity material, and discuss process options to enhance performances on resistivity stability and mechanical robustness to deformation through fabrication processes. Specific measurements are presented to show that going from standard to high resistivity substrates did not impact the behaviour of logic devices. Those substrates being destined to RF and mmWave applications, their performance was also measured in terms of small signal response using coplanar waveguides.

Combined pdf containing nine supplementary figures and three supplementary tables

C 4 photosynthesis evolved multiple times independently in angiosperms, but most origins are relatively old so that the early events linked to photosynthetic diversification are blurred. The grass Alloteropsis semialata is an exception, as this species encompasses C 4 and non-C 4 populations. Using phylogenomics and population genomics, we infer the history of dispersal and secondary gene flow before, during and after photosynthetic divergence in A. semialata. We further analyse the genome composition of individuals with varied ploidy levels to establish the origins of polyploids in this species. Detailed organelle phylogenies indicate limited seed dispersal within the mountainous region of origin and the emergence of a C 4 lineage after dispersal to warmer areas of lower elevation. Nuclear genome analyses highlight repeated secondary gene flow. In particular, the nuclear genome associated with the C 4 phenotype was swept into a distantly related maternal lineage probably via unidirectional pollen flow. Multiple intraspecific allopolyploidy events mediated additional secondary genetic exchanges between photosynthetic types. Overall, our results show that limited dispersal and isolation allowed lineage divergence, with photosynthetic innovation happening after migration to new environments, and pollen-mediated gene flow led to the rapid spread of the derived C 4 physiology away from its region of origin., This study was funded by the European Research Council (grant no. ERC-2014-STG-638333), the Royal Society (grant no. RGF\EA\181050) and has benefited from ‘Investissements d'Avenir' grants managed by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA, ref. ANR-10-LABX-25-01 and TULIP, ref. ANR-10-LABX-41). Edinburgh Genomics, which contributed to the sequencing, is partly supported through core grants from the NERC (grant no. R8/H10/ 56), MRC (grant no. MR/K001744/1) and BBSRC (grant no. BB/ J004243/1). P.A.C. is funded by a Royal Society University Research Fellowship (grant no. URF\R\180022)., 1. Introduction 2. Materials and methods (a) Sampling, sequencing and data filtering (b) Genome sizing and carbon isotope analyses (c) Assembly of organelle genomes and molecular dating (d) Phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear genome (e) Genetic structure (f) Genome composition 3. Results (a) Genome sizes (b) Time-calibrated organelle phylogenies (c) Nuclear phylogeny (d) Population structure and genome composition 4. Discussion (a) Limited seed dispersal in the region of origin (b) Widespread pollen flow and sweep of the C4 nuclear genome (c) Recurrent hybridization and polyploidization 5. Concluding remarks Data accessibility Authors' contributions Competing interests Funding Acknowledgements Footnotes

Single pdf containing six figures and one table.

Tropical savannas cover over 20% of land surface. They sustain a high diversity of mammalian herbivores and promote frequent fires, both of which are dependent on the underlying grass composition. These habitats are typically dominated by relatively few taxa, and the evolutionary origins of the dominant grass species are largely unknown. Here, we trace the origins of the genus Themeda, which contains a number of widespread grass species dominating tropical savannas. Complete chloroplast genomes were assembled for seven samples and supplemented with chloroplast and nuclear ITS markers for 71 samples representing 18 of the 27 Themeda species. Phylogenetic analysis supports a South Asian origin for both the genus and the widespread dominant T. triandra. This species emerged ~1.5 Ma from a group that had lived in the savannas of Asia for several million years. It migrated to Australia ~1.3 Ma and to mainland Africa ~0.5 Ma, where it rapidly spread in pre-existing savannas and displaced other species. Themeda quadrivalvis, the second most widespread Themeda species, is nested within T. triandra based on whole chloroplast genomes, and may represent a recent evolution of an annual growth form that is otherwise almost indistinguishable from T. triandra. The recent spread and modern-day dominance of T. triandra highlight the dynamism of tropical grassy biomes over millennial time-scales that has not been appreciated, with dramatic shifts in species dominance in recent evolutionary times. The ensuing species replacements likely had profound effects on fire and herbivore regimes across tropical savannas.

Museum collections are essential for understanding biodiversity and next-generation sequencing methods (NGS) offer new opportunities to generate genomic data on specimens of extinct species for phylogenetic and other studies. Hesperelaea is a monotypic Oleaceae genus that was collected only once, 140 years ago on Guadalupe Island, Mexico. This lineage is almost certainly extinct, and has been considered an insular paleoendemic of unknown relationship within subtribe Oleinae. Here, a genome skimming approach was attempted on the H.palmeri specimen to generate genomic data in order to interpret the biogeographic history of Hesperelaea in a phylogenetic framework. Despite highly degraded DNA, we obtained the complete plastome, the nuclear ribosomal DNA cluster (nrDNA), and partial sequences of low-copy genes. Six plastid regions and nrDNA internal transcribed spacers were used for phylogenetic estimations of subtribe Oleinae, including data from previous studies. Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenies strongly place Hesperelaea within an American lineage that includes Forestiera and Priogymnanthus. Molecular dating suggests an Early Miocene divergence between Hesperelaea and its closest relatives. Our study thus confirms that Hesperelaea was a paleoendemic lineage that likely predates Guadalupe Island, and provides a notable example of the high potential of NGS for analyzing historical herbarium specimens and revolutionizing systematics.

Ehrharta stipoides Labill., Nov. Holl. Pl. 1: 91. 1805. ��� Microlaena stipoides (Labill.) R. Br., Prodr.: 210. 1810. Typus: AUSTRALIA. Tasmania: Capite van-Dieman, Labillardi��re s.n. (holo-: FI). Observations. ��� An Australian and South East Asian species, Ehrharta stipoides Labill. (also referred to as Microlaena stipoides (Labill.) R. Br. or meadow rice grass, now included in the genus Ehrharta Thunb. following Verboom & al. 2003) is recorded as naturalised in Kwa-Zulu Natal, Sri Lanka, and Easter Island (WCSP, 2014), and in both Hawaii and R��union, where it has become invasive (PACIFIC ISLAND ECOSYSTEMS AT RISK, 2014). It invades disturbed sites rapidly as the awned florets are dispersed on clothing or animal fur and is reported to increase with fire (HAWAIIAN ALIEN PLANT STUDIES, 2014). With its distinctive long awns this species is rarely misidentified and is more likely to attract the attention of collectors than other Poaceae. The lack of other collections and other sightings suggests this could be a recent arrival brought in by visitors to the Andringitra National Park. No other species of Ehrharta have been recorded in Madagascar in spite of the common occurrence of E. erecta Lam. in South Africa and R��union. Specimen examined. ��� MADAGASCAR. Prov. Fianarantsoa: Parc National Andringitra, Riampotsy, at camp 3, single plant sheltered under the picnic table, 22��10���49������S 46��54���12������E, 2064 m, 28.X.2013, Nanjarisoa, Vorontsova, Rakotonasolo & Joseph 90 (K!, P!, TAN!)., Published as part of Vorontsova, Maria S., Nanjarisoa, Olinirina Prisca & Besnard, Guillaume, 2014, Three new grass records for Madagascar, pp. 85-87 in Candollea 69 (1) on page 86, DOI: 10.15553/c2014v691a10, http://zenodo.org/record/5715359, {"references":["VERBOOM, G. A., LINDER, H. P., & W. D. STOCK (2003). Phylogenetics of the grass genus Ehrharta: evidence for radiation in the summer-arid zone of the South African Cape. Evolution 57: 1008 - 1021.","WCSP (2014). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew [http: // apps. kew. org / wcsp].","PACIFIC ISLAND ECOSYSTEMS AT RISK (2014). Microlaena stipoides [http: // www. hear. org / pier / species / microlaena _ stipoides. htm].","HAWAIIAN ALIEN PLANT STUDIES (2014). Pest plants of Hawaiian native ecosystems [http: // www. botany. hawaii. edu / faculty / cw _ smith / ehr _ sti. htm]."]}

Vulpia myuros (L.) C. C. Gmel., Fl. Bad. 1: 8. 1805. ��� Festuca myuros L., Sp. Pl.: 74 1753. Lectotypus (designated by STACE & JARVIS, 1985): COUNTRY UNKNOWN: Habitat in Anglia, Italia. Herb. A. van Royen No. 912.356-218 (L). Observations. ��� Vulpia myuros (L.) C. C. Gmel., the rat���s tail fescue, is almost certainly a European native now naturalised worldwide and invasive particularly in Mediterranean ecosystems, especially in the U. S. A. (California and Oregon) and in Australia (HOWARD, 2006). The Paris herbarium (P) holds a single collection of V. myuros and numerous accessions of V. bromoides (L.) Gray from R��union. No collections of Vulpia C. C. Gmel. have previously been recorded from Madagascar. The lack of collections for the last 50 years may indicate lack of spread although the low collection rates for Poaceae in general make this doubtful. The specimen was originally recorded as Aristida sp. Specimen examined. ��� MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antananarivo: route d���Antsirabe, VII.1964, Morat 1119 (P [P02616909]!)., Published as part of Vorontsova, Maria S., Nanjarisoa, Olinirina Prisca & Besnard, Guillaume, 2014, Three new grass records for Madagascar, pp. 85-87 in Candollea 69 (1) on page 87, DOI: 10.15553/c2014v691a10, http://zenodo.org/record/5715359, {"references":["STACE, C. A. & C. E. JARVIS (1985). Typification of Linnaean taxa of annual Poaceae: Poeae related to Vulpia and Desmazeria. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 91: 435 - 444."]}

Enteropogon prieurii (Kunth) Clayton in Kew Bull. 37: 419. 1982. ��� Chloris prieurii Kunth, R��vis. Gramin. 2: 441. 1831. Typus: SENEGAL: Fort St Louis, Leprieur s.n. (holo-: P; iso-: K [K000365082]!). Observations. ��� An African and Asian species, Enteropogon prieurii (Kunth) Clayton is naturalised in the U.S.A, with records from the states of Alabama and North Carolina (WCSP, 2014). No invasive characteristics are reported from this area, but herbarium records suggest that its distribution range is increasing in coastal areas around the Indian Ocean. Enteropogon prieurii is likely to be under-recorded due to its striking similarity to the common Chloris virgata Sw. - both species possessing a pale fluffy inflorescence developing black dispersal units consisting of a floret with a caryopsis together with the reduced awned florets. Enteropogon prieurii can however be distinguished from Chloris virgata by its dorsally compressed (rather than laterally compressed) lower lemma and caryopsis. Recent data suggests that Enteropogon prieurii may in fact be better placed in the genus Chloris Sw. (GRASS PHYLOGENY WORKING GROUP II, 2012). Specimen examined. ��� MADAGASCAR. Prov. Majunga: road from NE of Majunga town to the seafront, open sandy secondary vegetation and shade below shrubs, 15��43���S 46��19���E, 5 m, 17.II.2013, Vorontsova, Besnard, Ralimanana & Razanatsoa 964 (K!, MO!, P!, TAN!)., Published as part of Vorontsova, Maria S., Nanjarisoa, Olinirina Prisca & Besnard, Guillaume, 2014, Three new grass records for Madagascar, pp. 85-87 in Candollea 69 (1) on page 86, DOI: 10.15553/c2014v691a10, http://zenodo.org/record/5715359, {"references":["WCSP (2014). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew [http: // apps. kew. org / wcsp].","GRASS PHYLOGENY WORKING GROUP II (2012). New grass phylogeny resolves deep evolutionary relationships and discovers C 4 origins. New Phytol. 193: 304 - 312."]}