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Objective: Coronavirus-2019 (Covid-19) was first observed in December 2019 and recognized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Apart from respiratory symptoms, neurological, dermatological, and gastrointestinal symptoms can also occur in humans. Some neurological symptoms may be caused by microembolism. The present study aims to determine the presence of microemboli in patients with Covid-19 using Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography and examine its correlation with D-Dimer levels. Material and Methods: This study involved 20 hospitalized patients diagnosed with Covid-19 using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. D-Dimer results of the patients were recorded and analyzed within two groups (First group: D-Dimer < 1 mg/L, and second group: D-Dimer ≥ 1 mg/L). The middle cerebral arteries were bilaterally examined with TCD to screen for microemboli. Patients were classified into two groups based on the number of MES (first group: 0-3 MES (n=10), second group: ≥ 4 MES). Results: Cerebral arterial microemboli were observed in patients with Covid-19. The relationship between D-Dimer and emboli was investigated, and the presence of microemboli was found to be statistically significant in both the low D-Dimer value group (p < 0.001) and the high D-Dimer value group (p < 0.003). Furthermore, D-Dimer results were found to be higher in the group with a greater number of microemboli (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Microemboli were detected in the cerebral arteries of Covid-19 patients, even in the absence of neurological symptoms. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between high D-Dimer levels and the presence of cerebral microemboli. Therefore, physicians should assess the presence of microemboli in Covid-19 patients and determine appropriate treatment methods accordingly.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the perceived self-competence of youths with visual impairment in Turkey in the Expanded Core Curriculum (ECC) areas. To examine how youths with visual impairment perceive their self-competence within the nine ECC areas, an ECC screening tool developed by the Iowa Department of Education was adapted into a five-point Likert-type scale (ranging from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree). Participants were 118 high school students with visual impairment across Turkey. Statistical analysis procedures included descriptive and nonparametric methods. The descriptive statistics were used to determine how participants perceive their competences in the nine ECC areas. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences between the mean ranks of self-competence levels within the independent groups. Gender, grade level, and socio-economic level were the variables that evidenced significant differences (p < .05) among the participants’ self-competence levels in the ECC areas of independent living, career education, orientation and mobility (O&M), recreational and leisure skills. The findings demonstrated that some demographic variables may be considered as possible factors contributing to perceived self-competence of youths with visual impairment. As one of the earliest studies relating to ECC skills of youth with vision impairment in Turkey, practitioners may find value in the construct of Likert-type scale to measure the perceived self-competence of youths with visual impairment in the ECC areas.

Genetic consultation was given to three children with microcephaly, mental retardation, and spastic diplegia.

Amaç: Staphylococcus aureus, hastane kaynaklı ve toplum kökenli enfeksiyonların önemli bir nedenidir. S. aureus'un tıbbi implantlara ve konak dokuya tutunması ve olgun bir biyofilmin oluşması, kronik enfeksiyonların kalıcılığında önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Çalışmamızın amacı, metisiline duyarlı S. aureus (MSSA) ve metisiline dirençli S. aureus (MRSA) izolatlarının biyofilm oluşturma potansiyelini belirlemek ve aralarındaki farkı gözlemlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamıza Mikrobiyoloji laboratuvarına gönderilen çeşitli klinik örneklerden elde edilen toplam 200 S. aureus suşu (100 MRSA ve 100 MSSA) dahil edilmiştir. İzolatların tanımlanması Vitek MS (BioMerieux, Fransa) cihazı ile antibiyotik duyarlılıkları Vitek2 Compakt (BioMerieux, Fransa) otomatize sistemi ile belirlendi. Biyofilm üretimi, Mikrotitrasyon plak yöntemi kullanılarak çalışıldı. MSSA ve MRSA suşlarının biyofilm oluşturma yeteneği istatistiksel olarak incelendi. İstatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi p

Metabolik sendrom çağımızın önemli bir sağlık sorunu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Hareketsiz bir yaşamın benimsenmesi, yüksek kalorili ve sağlıksız bir beslenme biçiminin uygulanması metabolik sendrom görülme olasılığını arttırmaktadır. Metabolik sendromun görülme yüzdeliği kentsel ve kırsal kesimlere göre değişiklik göstermektedir. Metabolik sendromu etkileyen ana unsur yaşam tarzının nasıl olduğudur. Metabolik sendrom tanısının koyulabilmesi için tanı kriterleri çeşitli kuruluşlar tarafından belirlenmiştir. Metabolik sendrom; diyabet, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar ve obezitenin birleşiminden oluşan bir rahatsızlıktır. Obezite, hipertansiyon, dislipidemi, insülin direnci veya tip 2 diyabet bu bileşenlerden sayılmaktadır. Fiziksel aktivite insülin aktivitesinin kontrolünün sağlanması, kardiyovasküler hastalık riskinin azalması ve kilo kontrolünün sağlanmasında oldukça önemlidir. Hastalıktan korunmanın ve tedavinin etkin yolu obez bireylerde kilo veriminin sağlanması, gerekli egzersiz ve diyet uygulamalarının yapılmasıdır. Uygun ve yeterli fiziksel aktivitelerin yapılması metabolik sendromun bileşenlerinin görülme ve tedavi edilmesinde olumlu sonuçlar verdiği çeşitli çalışmalarla kanıtlanmıştır.

Most common urinary system cancer is the Bladder cancer(BC), more common in men (M/F: 3), is associated with both genetic and environmental factors.,two most well-known environmental factors are smoking and occupational exposures.Smoking is associated with 25-65% of BC cases, %50 average. Urothelial cancers are common in occupations that use paint, textiles, rubber and petroleum products. Among the chemical substances; O-toluidine, 2-naphthylamine, benzidine, 4-amino-biphenyl and nitrosamines are particularly related with the BC. Our objective in this systematic review is to indicate the value and aid of CT and MRI in the diagnosis of bladder cancer.

Adli sosyal çalışmacılar, yargı içerisinde soruşturma süreçlerinde ve mahkemelerde bilirkişi olarak görev yapmaktadır ve uzmanlık bilgisi ile yaptığı değerlendirmelerle yargı kararlarına etki etmektedir. Bu araştırmanın temel amacı adli sosyal çalışmacıların bilirkişilik görevlerini hâkimlerin bakış açısıyla incelemektir. Araştırmaya adli yargıda görev yapan 60 hâkim katılmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin toplanmasında araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan ve 13 sorudan oluşan soru formu yüz yüze yapılan görüşmelerle doldurularak yanıtlar aranmaya çalışılmıştır. Tarama modelli bir araştırma şeklinde tasarlanan araştırmada, elde edilen yanıtlar SPSS 21 paket programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiş ve veriler frekans dağılımları şeklinde analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucuna göre; adli sosyal çalışmacılardan mahkemelerde sözlü değerlendirme yaparak ve rapor düzenleyerek bilirkişilik yaptığı, bilirkişi olarak düzenledikleri raporların mahkeme kararlarına önemli düzeyde etki ettiği, korunmaya ihtiyacı olan çocuk, suça sürüklenen çocuk, velayet düzenlemesi, kişisel ilişki kurulması, aile hukukundan doğan yükümlülüğün ihlali, evlat edinme ve vasi tayini konularında bilirkişi olarak görüş ve değerlendirmelerine başvurulduğu ve adli sosyal çalışmacıların bilirkişilik görevlerini yerine getirirken çeşitli hususlarda yetersiz kaldıkları bulunmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda sorunun çözümüne yönelik bazı öneriler sunulmuştur.

In this paper, we study the conditions under which one can obtain a first countable and 𝑇1 topology without the left-continuity and symmetry, which have an important role in the statistical metric space theory.

Fen bilimleri dersi öğretim programının amaçlarından biri öğrencilere yaşam becerilerini kazandırmaktır. Öğretmenlerin, adaylık süreçlerinde bu becerilere yönelik mesleki bilgileri edinmeleri gerekmektedir. Bu mesleki bilgileri edinmelerinin yolu kendilerinin yaşam becerilerini kazanmalarından geçmektedir. Fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının bu becerilerle donanmalarında büyük rol ise fen eğitimcilerine düşmektedir. Fakat fen eğitimcilerinin fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarına bu becerileri kazandırabilecek bir kılavuzlarının olmadığı görülmektedir. Bu durumun saptanmasından yola çıkılarak bu araştırmada, Fen Bilimlerinde Yaşam Becerileri Eğitimi Kılavuzunu tasarlayabilmek için fen eğitimcilerinin öğrenme ortamlarında yaşam becerilerini kazandırma adına yürüttükleri ders süreçlerinin ve önerilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Özel durum yöntemi ile yürütülen araştırmaya ülkemizin her bölgesinden üçer fen eğitimcisi katılmıştır. Mülakatlar yoluyla elde edilen verilere içerik analizi uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda fen eğitimcilerinin en fazla takım çalışması ve iletişim becerilerine, en az ise girişimcilik becerisine odaklandıkları saptanmıştır., One of the objectives of the science curriculum is to provide students with life skills. Teachers need to acquire professional knowledge regarding these skills during their pre-service period. Acquiring professional knowledge regarding life skills is only possible by equipping themselves with these skills. The most important role in this process during which pre-service science teachers acquire life skills belongs to science educators. However, it is seen that science educators do not have a guide to help them while equipping pre-service science teachers with these skills. Based on this gap, the current study seeks to analyze science educators’ lesson processes and recommendations that they employ while equipping their students with life skills, so as to design a Science Education Life Skills Guide. This is a case study with three participants from each geographical region of Turkey. The data were collected via interviews and content analysis was made. The study showed that science educators mostly focus on teamwork and communication skills while devoting the least amount of time to entrepreneurship skills.

The present study aims to examine the effect of the life skills training guide on the development of pre-service science teachers’ professional knowledge of entrepreneurial skills. The study included 82 pre-service science teachers studying in the third year of a public university in Turkey during the 2019-2020 academic year. The data of the study, which was conducted with a one-group pre-test-post-test experimental design, were collected using the entrepreneurship skills professional knowledge test. The data were analyzed using the professional knowledge assessment rubric and entrepreneurship skill indicators. The results of the study revealed that there was a significant difference between the pre-and post-test scores of the pre-service teachers in favor of the post-test scores. Following the experimental process, their professional knowledge about entrepreneurship increased. However, the number of pre-service teachers who were able to improve their professional knowledge scores to a high level was limited. Furthermore, following the experimental process, there was an increase in the number of pre-service teachers who were able to develop appropriate activities for students to gain entrepreneurial skills and to prepare tools for measuring and evaluating students’ entrepreneurial skills in a way to include stressed indicators. Consequently, the present study provides science teacher educators with educational activities that they can model within the scope of teaching professional knowledge of entrepreneurship skills to pre-service science teachers.

The approach presented in this study is about the calculation of the similarities among languages by using the new feature template to be obtained from the syntactic analysis phase. Studies were conducted on 6 different language sets from two different language families in order to show the calculability of similarity of languages with the help of the recommended new feature template. In the first study, triplet-pattern template which is obtained from the syntactic analysis of Turkey, Kazakh, and Uyghur Turkish languages from Turkic languages families belonging to the Ural-Altaic linguistic family, could be formed automatically through developed software, and also similarity analysis of the desired languages could be made thanks to a different module developed within the same software. Consequently, not only similar structural relations of the languages from the same language family but also structural differences among the languages can also be revealed. Even if the first aim is to determine the similarities among languages when developing an approach, the real aim of the desired structure is to form a system independent from the language. In order to show that the formed system has a structure independent from the language, another study was carried out. In the second study, the similarities among the languages were determined by using treebanks of English, Swedish and Norwegian from the Germen language family. When the language family is Turkic and the metrics are Jaccard, Dice, and Similarity Matching, the highest similarity is Turkish-Uyghur, and the values of the metrics are 25.21%, 40.27%, and 50.42%, respectively. When the language family is Germen, the highest similarity is Norwegian-Swedish, and the values of the metrics are 37.15%, 54.17%, and 74.3, respectively.

Gayrimenkul sektörünün hızlı ekonomik büyümesi nedeniyle, konut fiyatlarının tahmini geleceğe yönelik planlamalar için önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı makine öğrenmesi yöntemlerini kullanarak bir konutun potansiyel fiyatını tahmin etmektir. Makine öğrenmesi yöntemleri olarak Yapay sinir ağları ve Polinomsal regresyon kullanılarak bunların tahmin performansları karşılaştırılmıştır. Makine öğrenmesi yöntemlerinin uygulanabilmesi için KNIME veri analiz platformu kullanılmıştır. Yöntemlerin başarısını ölçmek için R Kare performans metriği kullanılmıştır. Uygulama sonuçları, Yapay sinir ağları yönteminin Polinomsal regresyon yöntemine göre ev fiyatlarını daha yüksek doğrulukla tahmin ettiğini göstermektedir. Yapılan çalışmanın ev değerlendirilmesi için kullanılan uygulamaların geliştirilmesine ve bu alanda yapılan bilimsel çalışmalara katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Sonraki çalışmalarda farklı yöntemler veya ev özniteliklerinin bulunduğu veri setleri kullanılarak çalışmanın genişletilmesi hedeflenmektedir.

This phenomenological study aims to understand how future-teachers’ university setting has become a personal awakening place to reflect on their past schooling experiences and build plans as peace agents. In other words, this study argues that university experience, if meaningfully constructed to promote peace, equips future-teachers with the necessary skills to teach peace, and it could help future teachers about critically reflecting their past learnings upon the negative peace and violence. It transforms these learnings into positive peace in the end. Drawing from Freire’s (1970) critical consciousness and Giroux’s (1981,1988, 2010) conceptualization of teachers as transformative intellectuals, the findings suggest that universities by building inclusive, peaceful, democratic, and diverse communities, can help their students to gain the awareness of systematic oppression and structural violence (re)produced by patriarchal, political and social discourses, and it develops motivation to incorporate peace (education) in their professional practices.

Mühendishâne-i Berrî-i Hümâyûn hocalarından Masdariyecizâde Hüseyin Efendi 1238/1822’de doksan dereceden küçük bir açının Eukleides geometrisi yöntemleriyle üç eşit parçaya bölünmesine dair antik prob- lem hakkında bir risale kaleme alır. Risale, köklerini Antik Yunan’da bulan bu meşhur problemin Eukleides geometrisinin araçları olan çizgilik (işaretsiz cetvel) ve pergel kullanılarak ulaşıldığı düşünülen çözümünü içerir. Ayrıca, sunulan ispat Mühendishâne eğitim kadrosunun her birinin onayını gösteren imzalarla kayıt altına alınmıştır. Akademik literatürde bu risaleye dair yapılan değerlendirmelere bakıldığında, çözümde kullanımı sınırlandırılmış araçlarla bir sonuca ulaşılamayacağının Hüseyin Efendi’nin risalesini yayınladığı tarihte çoktan ispatlanmış olduğu iddiasına dayanarak eser, müellif ve dönemin ilim çevresi ile seviyesi hak- kında tahkir eden genelleştirilmiş yorumlar görülür. Tüm bu güncel yayınlar, tek bir kaynaktan, Salih Zeki Bey’in konuya dair yaklaşık bir asır önce kaleme aldığı ve içerik itibariyle doğruluğu tartışılır makalelerinden neşet etmiştir. Bu çalışma bu güncel yayınların ortak kaynağının iddialarını inceler ve problemin çözümü- nün tarihine odaklanır. Böylece verilen hatalı bilgilerin tashihini sunar.

Tracheobronchopathia Osteochondroplastica (TO) is a rare and benign disease with a progressive course. Its clinical manifestation is observed on computed tomography by the presence of diffuse osteocartilage submucosal nodules invading the lumen of the trachea and usually the main bronchi. Bronchoscopic evaluation is necessary for differential diagnosis. Standard treatment has not been determined as few patients have been reported in the literature. A 58-year-old male patient was admitted to our hospital with complaints of cough and dyspnea increasing with exertion. A fiberoptic bronchoscopy demonstrated many protruding lesions along the trachea with no involvement of the bronchial system. The patient was stable at a two-year follow-up.

Relevant literature has an unexplored question on how prediction-observation-explanation (POE) worksheets affect science process skills of students with mild intellectual disabilities (SMID). Therefore, this research aimed to examine the effect of POE worksheets developed for the “matter and its nature” subject on SMID’s science process skills. Through pre-experimental research design, 12 fifth grade SMID participated in the research. To collect data, the researchers used science process skills development forms and rubrics to score their observations. During the teaching intervention, SMID implemented three POE worksheets, which included buzz 22 technique in the ‘prediction’ stage, hands-on experiments and QR codes in the ‘observation’ stage and snowball, learning gallery or card showing techniques in the ‘evaluation’ stage. The results indicated that the POE worksheets are effective at developing SMID’s science process skills of the "matter and its nature" subject. This research recommends that future comparative research should unveil how the POE worksheets with/without active learning techniques impact the SMID’s SPS. Keywords: mild intellectual disabilities, science education, science process skills

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe long COVID-19 symptoms in patients receiving outpatient treatment. Materials and Methods: This prospective, observational, descriptive study was conducted in the COVID-19 clinic of a university hospital in February-May 2022. Patients who applied to the outpatient clinic and were diagnosed with COVID-19 were included in the study. Patients were follow up for prolonged COVID-19 symptoms for a 12-week period. It was investigated whether there was a relationship between long COVID-19 symptoms frequency and gender, age and blood type. Results: At least one long COVID symptom was observed in 23% of 7139 patients included in the study. Myalgia was the most common symptom detected in 4.33% of all patients. Cough and loss of taste/smell were the most common symptoms in women, and dizziness in men. The frequency of 26 of 29 symptoms varied with age. While the symptoms most affected by the Body Mass Index were peripheral neuropathy and tinnitus, the least affected symptoms were loss of taste/smell, anxiety and depression. Conclusion: Long COVID symptoms were widely detected in COVID-19 outpatients. Age, gender and BMI may be factors affecting long COVID symptoms.

Objectives: Nodular goiter is the most common disease of the thyroid gland. Thyroid nodules are malignant in 3-5% cases. To determine the incidence of malignancy in patients defined as atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) or follicular lesion of undetermined significance (FLUS) as a result of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and evaluate the clinical, biochemical and sonographic features as possible predictors of malignancy. Methods: Patients who had undergone at least one FNAB and diagnosed as AUS/FLUS from January 2011 to December 2015 were included in the study. Age, gender, benign disease, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level, size, localization, number, time of FNAB, ultrasonography (USG) characteristics, follow-up data on repeated FNAB results and, if surgical excision was performed, final pathological results were analyzed. Results: A total of 5181 thyroid nodules were biopsied in 4089 patients, and the biopsy specimen taken from 611 nodules was diagnosed histopathologically as AUS/FLUS (11.79%). After FNAB, 167 of 611 patients diagnosed with AUS/FLUS were operated. While 65.9% (n = 110) of 167 patients who underwent surgery were made a benign diagnosis; malign diagnosis was made to 34.1% (n = 57). Conclusions: The rate of malignancy in surgically confirmed nodules was 34.1% in this study, which is higher than the Bethesda classification. Due to the high malignancy rate which determined in cytologically diagnosed AUS/FLUS, we think that the repeat decision of the FNAB should be reconsidered and the surgical plan after the first FNAB should be considered more seriously.

Nowadays, with the development of software technologies in all areas of life, software testing, which is an indispensable need of the software life cycle, has become open to development and change. The replacement of manual testing of software products with test automation systems that minimise the human error margin provides the most important example of the transformation of testing processes into a dynamic structure. This paper details a hybrid approach that utilizes tools such as Java, Maven, Test-NG, etc. used in a traditional test automation. The proposed hybrid approach is based on Java's "Write once, run anywhere" approach. First of all, all HTML elements used in web applications are determined and these elements are saved in a model called PageFactory. PageFactory is a Page object model concept that allows managing elements from a single file. These saved elements are transferred to the next layer, the Test Layer architecture, using the relevant methods in the Page Layer model, and the methods in this layer are invoked and executed. This proposed hybrid approach provides reusability, easy maintenance, cost reduction, increased performance, better quality software products, ease of use and time savings.

The present study examined the associations of transformational leadership behaviors and team cohesion with the psychological health (life satisfaction, positive and negative affect, and burnout) of athletes and the indirect relationship of basic psychological needs. The sample consisted of 252 (boys) players aged between 13 and 15. The model data fit was also verified. The results demonstrated that the transformational leadership behaviors of coaches were indirectly related to athletes' psychological health. Team cohesion was related to athletes' psychological health both directly and indirectly. Basic psychological needs played an indirect role in these relationships. Transformational leadership and team cohesion have important implications for the healthy development of young people.

Günümüzde post-endüstriyel peyzaj alanları, tarihi ve kültürel miras olma özellikleriyle ve sosyo-politik açıdan vaat ettikleri ekonomik fayda ve potansiyellerle kent için kritik bir role sahiptir. Bu alanlar, yeni projelerin etkisi ile birlikte peyzaj karakterlerinin, yerel ayırt edici özelliklerinin, kamusal kullanımlarının azalması gibi tehditlerle karşılaşmaktadırlar. Avrupa’da 1970’li yıllardan itibaren sanayi alanlarının korunmasına yönelik yeni yaklaşımlar ve uygulamalar aranmıştır. Post[1]endüstriyel alanların bütüncül ve sürdürülebilir bir yaklaşımla dönüştürülmesi, söz konusu alanların kimliklerinin ve toplumsal değerlerinin korunmasında, etkin kamusal alanlar olarak kente yeniden entegre olmalarının sağlanmasında önemli bir etkendir. Bu anlamda incelendiğinde, Haydarpaşa bir post-endüstriyel peyzaj alanı olarak İstanbul’un kentsel büyümesi, altyapı gelişimi, kent kimliği ve hafızası açısından büyük öneme sahiptir. Kent merkezindeki lokasyonu, ulaşım ağlarına yakınlığı ve canlı kent hayatıyla çevrelenmiş olması dolayısıyla oldukça değerli olan bu alan, 21. yüzyılda kentsel dönüşüm proje önerilerinin merkezi haline gelmiştir. Haydarpaşa’nın mirası ve kent belleğindeki yeri, onun “yere has duygusuna” ve tarihsel sürekliliğine müdahale eden ticarileştirme amaçları ve alanın ya da toplumun hassasiyetlerini gözetmekten uzak olan mega-dönüşüm tasavvurları ile kaybolmaktadır. Bu makalede, post-endüstriyel peyzaj alanlarının korunması ve kente yeniden kazandırılmasına dair, küresel sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedeflerinden, güncel koruma ve yeniden kullanım yaklaşımlarından hareketle bir model geliştirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Dünya çapında kabul görmüş sürdürülebilir koruma ilkeleri bu doğrultuda incelenmiş, endüstriyel yapıların çevrelerindeki peyzajla birlikte ele alınması gerekliliği üzerinde durulmuştur. Böylece, küresel sürdürülebilir kalkınma hedeflerinin post-endüstriyel peyzaj alanlarının korunması ve kente katılımında sunabileceği bir çerçeve, Haydarpaşa post-endüstriyel peyzajı özelinde incelenmiştir.

Tarhana çorbası, yüksek besin değeri ile Türkiye’de tüketimi yaygın geleneksel bir gıdadır. Tarhana genellikle buğday unu, yoğurt ve domates, yeşil biber, soğan gibi sebzeler kullanılarak hazırlanır; ısıl işlem, fermantasyon ve kurutma başlıca uygulamalardır. Karabuğday, çölyak hastalarının tüketimi için önemli bir bileşendir. Su kefiri, probiyotik ürün tüketimi ve vegan bireyler için önemli potansiyele sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, fonksiyonel özellikleri geliştirilmiş tarhana üretimidir. Bunun için tarhana üretiminde balkabağı, karabuğday unu kullanılarak ve yoğurt yerine su kefiri fermantasyonu ile biyoaktif bileşenler artırılmıştır. Tarhanalar konvansiyonel yöntemle ve dondurularak kurutularak bileşen özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Tarhana hamuru fermantasyon sonrasında 30°C'de 48 saat konvansiyonel yöntemle (KKT) ve -55°C'de 24 saat dondurularak kurutulmuştur (DKT). Daha sonra tarhana örnekleri 100 µm düşük yoğunluklu polietilen torbalarda paketlenerek 4°C'de muhafaza edilmiştir. Raf ömrü süresince mikrobiyolojik analizler (Lactobacillus spp., Lactococcus spp. ve maya), kimyasal analizler (pH, % kurumadde, % kül), toplam fenolik madde, toplam antioksidan aktivite (DPPH ve TEAC), renk analizi ve tarhanalarda duyusal değerlendirme yapılmıştır. KKT örneklerinin mikrobiyal bileşimi 6,80 log kob/g Laktobasil, 6,40 log kob/g Laktokok ve 5,30 log kob/g maya’dır. DKT örnekleri 7,10 log kob/g Laktobasil; 7,0 kob/g Laktokok ve 5,20 log kob/g maya içermektedir. Su kefiri mikrobiyotası tarhana hamurunda gelişme göstermiştir. KKT ve DKT örneklerinde toplam fenolik madde sırasıyla 59,10 ve 55,52 mg/L GAE tespit edilmiştir. KKT ve DKT örneklerinin TEAC değerleri sırasıyla 38,2 ve 36,9 mM; DPPH değerleri sırasıyla 3,90 ve 12,30 mM’dır. Balkabağı, tarhana örneklerinin toplam antioksidan kapasitesini artırmıştır. Dondurularak kurutulan tarhanalarda duyusal beğeni daha yüksektir.

ünümüzde oldukça popüler olduğu gözlenen ve birçok demografik yapıdan bireyin kendisini, yeteneklerini, deneyimlerini sergileyebildiği bir platform olarak öne çıkan TikTok, video oluşturma ve paylaşmaya olanak tanırken, sıklıkla eğlence temalı içerikleri ile tanımlanmaktadır. Özellikle gençlerin yoğun kullandığı düşünülen platform, genç nesle ulaşmak adına çaba gösteren ve yeni medya tabanlı teknolojilere uyum sağlamaya çalışan medya kuruluşları ve gazetecilerin de dikkatini çekmiştir. Öyle ki birçok kuruluş resmi TikTok hesabı oluşturmuş ve platformda varlığını ortaya koymuştur. Uluslararası haber kuruluşlarının daha fazla ilgi gösterdiği TikTok platformunun habercilik potansiyeli Türkiye’de ise şu an (Mart 2022 itibariyle) yeni bir yönelim durumundadır. Bu bağlamda TRT Haber, Haber Global, Hürriyet.com.tr, Haber ATV, Show Ana Haber kuruluşlarının takipçi sayısı, beğeni sayısı ve aktif içerik üretimi noktasında öncü yönelimi dikkat çekmektedir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada, basit rastlantısal örneklem ile seçilen ilgili ulusal medya kuruluşlarının resmi/onaylı TikTok hesapları içerik analizi kullanılarak incelenecek, TikTok’un ‘eğlence haber’ aracı potansiyeli de tartışılacaktır.

Kafkasya, coğrafi özellikleri ve yer altı kaynakları ile her zaman vazgeçilmez bir bölge olmuştur. Bölge, önemli petrol yataklarına ve tahıl bölgelerine ev sahipliği yaptığı gibi askeri yollara da sahip olması sebebiyle hem Rusya hem de diğer büyük devletler tarafından sürekli iktidar mücadelelerine sahne olmuştur. Kafkasya, özellikle de Rusya için hayati bir önem arz etmiş bu sebeple Çarlık döneminden itibaren bölge sürekli olarak ele geçirilmeye ve burada kalıcı bir hâkimiyet kurulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bölgenin coğrafi yapısı işgal edilmeyi zorlaştırmış fakat yine aynı coğrafi yapı sebebiyle de Rus güçlerine karşı birlik oluşturulamamıştır. Çünkü hem çok fazla etnik farklılık bulunmakta hem de bölgenin coğrafi yapısı birliktelik kurmak için engel teşkil etmektedir. Rusya, Kafkasya’yı 19. yüzyılda işgalini tamamlamış daha sonra ele geçirdiği bölgelerde kalıcı olabilmek için Kafkas halklarını asimile edip Ruslaştırma politikası uygulamıştır. Ruslaştırma politikası çerçevesinde askeri mücadelenin yanı sıra özellikle eğitim, din ve kültür alanlarında çalışmalar yaparak hâkimiyetini kuvvetlendirmek istemiştir. Fakat Kafkas halkları Rus yönetimini ve kültürünü benimsememiş ve sürekli bağımsızlık mücadelesi vermiştir. Rusya’da gerçekleşen Bolşevik İhtilali ile Kafkasya için bağımsızlık umutları yeşermiş ve kısa süreli bir bağımsızlık süreci yaşanmıştır. Ancak Rusya’nın gerçek niyeti çok kısa bir süre sonra ortaya çıkmış ve Sovyet Rusya bölgeyi tekrar ele geçirmiştir. Böylece Rus baskıları bölgede yeniden kendini göstermiştir.

Canikli-zâdeler; Canik sancağında yerel derebeylerden biri olarak yükselmişti. Trabzon vilayetinde de yerel derebeylerin isyan edip halkı ezdikleri bir dönemde vali olarak atanıp bir hanedan olarak geniş bir bölgeyi üç nesil ard arda yönetmişlerdir. 1757 yılında mirmiranlık rütbesi ile Trabzon valiliğine atanan Süleyman Paşa’dan sonra; 1773 de Vezir rütbesi ile kardeşi Ali Bey, Trabzon Valisi olarak atandı. 1778 yılında Kırım Seraskerliği görevinde iken verilen emirleri dinlemeyen Ali Paşa isyan edip Rus kontrolündeki Kırım’a sığınmıştı. 1781 de Ali Paşa af edildi ve vezirlikle Trabzon vilayeti tekrar kendine verildi. Benzer durumları ölümünden sonra Trabzon valiliğine atanmış Büyük oğlu Battal Hüseyin Paşa ve O’nun oğlu Tayyar Mahmut Paşa da yaşamıştır. Tayyar Mahmut Paşa babasının yerine Trabzon valisi ve Mısır seraskeri olmuştu. Mısır dönüşünde Rumeli’deki Dağlı eşkıyasını tedip etmek üzere görevlendirilir ve görevini başarı ile tamamlayıp Trabzon’a döner. İsyan eden Tayyar Mahmut Paşa Rusya’ya iltica etti. Kırım’da ikamet ederken, İstanbul’da III. Selim tahtan indirildi. IV. Mustafa tahta çıktı. Tayyar Mahmut Paşa 1807 Temmuz’unda Kırımdan İstanbul’a geldi. Gelmesinden IV. Mustafa memnun olmuştu. Sadaret Kaymakamlığı görevine getirildi. Sonra bu görevden ve vezirlikten azl edilip Varna’ya sürüldü ve Ağustos 1808 de Varna’da idam edildi.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease with rising incidence. Pre- and manifest T1D is associated with intestinal barrier dysfunction, skewed microbiota composition, and serum dyslipidemia. The intestinal mucus layer protects against pathogens and its structure and phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipid composition may be compromised in T1D, potentially contributing to barrier dysfunction. This study compared prediabetic Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice to healthy C57BL/6 mice by analyzing the intestinal mucus PC profile by shotgun lipidomics, plasma metabolomics by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance, intestinal mucus production by histology, and cecal microbiota composition by 16 S rRNA sequencing. Jejunal mucus PC class levels were decreased in early prediabetic NOD vs C57BL/6 mice. In colonic mucus of NOD mice, the level of several PC species was reduced throughout prediabetes. In plasma, similar reductions of PC species were observed in early prediabetic NOD mice, where also increased beta-oxidation was prominent. No histological alterations were found in jejunal nor colonic mucus between the mouse strains. However, the β-diversity of the cecal microbiota composition differed between prediabetic NOD and C57BL/6 mice, and the bacterial species driving this difference were related to decreased short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-production in the NOD mice. This study reports reduced levels of PCs in the intestinal mucus layer and plasma of prediabetic NOD mice as well as reduced proportions of SCFA-producing bacteria in cecal content at early prediabetes, possibly contributing to intestinal barrier dysfunction and T1D.

Objectives: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the cancers with the worst prognosis in the world. Despite protooncogenes such as BRCA and PALB2 , effective, inexpensive, and simple methods for predicting the prognosis of patients with metastatic PC are still lacking. We aim to investigate whether mean platelet volume/ platelet (MPV/PLT) and platelet indices such as MPV and plateletcrit (PCT) have a prognostic significance in patients with metastatic PC. Methods: Patients diagnosed with metastatic PC in 3 centers in Turkey between 2016 and 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. We recorded patient’s demographic data such as age, gender, performance status and platelet, MPV and PCT. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were also recorded. There were 80 patients in our study. Results: Median PFS was found 6.2 months for MPV/PLT ratio 0.045 group retrospectively. The median PFS of the MPV/PLT ratio ≤0.045 groupwas shorter than MPV/PLT ratio >0.045 group, but there wasn’t statistically meaningful difference between the groups (p:0,957). Median OS for the MPV/PLT ratio ≤0.045 groupwas 10.1 months and the MPV/PLT ratio for the >0.045 group was 9 months, but there wasn’t statistically significant difference between the groups (p:0.506).There was nosurvival difference between the groups when comparing both MPV and PCT status. Conclusion: MPV/PLT ratio is a cheap, simple and useful marker and can be used in our daily practice to predict the prognosis of patients with advanced PC, if confirmed by prospective studies and larger patient numbers.

Ibrahim Karadag,1 Serdar Karakaya,2 Tolga Akkan,3 Bilgin Demir,4 Ertugrul Gazi Alkurt,5 Mutlu Dogan6 1Department of Medical Oncology, Hitit University Erol Olcok Training and Research Hospital, Corum, Turkey; 2Department of Medical Oncology, Health Science University, Atatürk Chest Diseases and Chest Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey; 3Department of Endocrinology, Eskisehir City Hospital, Eskisehir, Turkey; 4Department of Medical Oncology, Ayd&inodot;n Atatürk Public Hospital, Ayd&inodot;n, Turkey; 5Department of Surgical Oncology, Hitit University Erol Olcok Training and Research Hospital, Corum, Turkey; 6Department of Medical Oncology, Health Sciences University, Ankara Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, TurkeyCorrespondence: Ibrahim Karadag, Email ikaradag58@gmail.comBackground: We aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of insulin resistance (IR) markers fasting triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and triglyceride high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio in HER2-positive breast cancer (BC) patients with brain metastasis (BM).Methods: In this single-center study, 120 patients who met the criteria were included. TyG and TG/HDL-C at the time of diagnosis were computed retrospectively. For TyG and TG/HDL-C, the median values of 9.32 and 2.95 were taken as the cut-off, respectively. TyG values < 9.32 and < 2.95 were considered low, and TG/HDL-C values ≥ 9.32 and ≥ 2.95 were considered high.Results: The median overall survival (OS) was 47 months (95% CI: 40.54– 53.45). Time to BM was 22 months (95% CI: 17.22– 26.73). The median time to BM was 35 months (95% CI: 20.90– 49.09) in the low TyG group and 15 months (95% CI: 8.92– 21.07) in the high TyG group (p < 0.001). The time to BM was 27 months (95% CI: 20.49– 33.50) in the low TG/HDL-C group and 20 months (95% CI: 16.76– 23.23) in the high TG/HDL-C group (p=0.084). In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, the TyG index (HR: 20.98, 95% CI: 7.14– 61.59, p < 0.001) was an independent risk factor for time to BM.Conclusion: These findings suggest that the TyG index could be used as a predictive biomarker at the time of diagnosis for risk of time BM in patients with HER2-positive BC. The TyG index can be used as a standard potential marker with prospective studies confirming these data.Keywords: TyG index, TG/HDL-C ratio, brain metastasis, HER2 positive breast cancer, glucose-lipid metabolism

In the present study, the variation of key leaf characteristics, such as SLA and LMA in plant samples collected from four locations were determined using a Li-Cor portable leaf area measuring device. The effect of seasonal, altitudinal and climatic variations on SLA and LMA was evaluated. There were significant differences (P

The most basic building block of solid waste management is to determine the amount of waste generated by individuals in a day. As it can be understood from here, the most important issue in solid waste management is individuals. Therefore, all kinds of waste management studies should be based on the individual. In our study, a questionnaire was applied to 1 263 people residing in Karaman. In addition, according to income levels, 5 pilot regions were determined and characterization studies were carried out in different time periods. Of the wastes generated as a result of characterization, 45.08% of kitchen wastes, 3.41% of park and garden wastes and 30.36% of recyclable wastes. Only 18.6% of the recyclable waste potential is collected with the existing system. Within the framework of the survey, the rate of those who collect recyclable waste separately is 21%. In addition, it is understood from the survey study that individuals do not know what type of waste is produced in their homes. In this framework, waste collection and evaluation suggestions were presented by determining the waste potentials with the characterization study and the individual attitudes with the survey study.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between occlusal factors and temporomandibular joint diseases (TMD). Material and Methods: In our study, 43 individuals who had fixed orthodontic treatment and 20 individuals who did not need treatment at Istanbul Aydin University Faculty of Dentistry Department of Orthodontics were included in the study. Evaluations were made at the beginning of treatment (T0) and at 6 months (T1). T-Scan® computerized Occlusion Analyzer was used to evaluate the number of contact points, occlusal force parameters during centric occlusion and lateral movements, and occlusion and disclusion times. Differences between groups were evaluated with Mann–Whitney or independent t-test, and within-group differences were evaluated with Wilcoxon sign test or paired t-test, depending on whether the data showed normal distribution or not. Results: There was no statistically significant distinction between the gender-based parameters and right and left joint of Joint Vibration Analysis record in all three groups (P > 0.05). At the beginning of orthodontic treatment, there was no statistical difference in the variables within the group and between the groups. As a result of the comparison between the beginning of treatment (T0) and the 6th month (T1), no significant difference was found between the parameters of the anterior/posterior occlusal force distribution of the right-left quadrant and the force distribution of the working and non-working sides in lateral movements, and the occlusion and disclusion time parameters. Maximum intercuspal position left/right (MxlntlTSCANT1) was found to be statistically significant at 6 months in individuals who received fixed orthodontic treatment with extraction compared to the none xtraction treatment group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: According to our research, T-scan is one of the best devices for the early detection of TMD, especially for people undergoing orthodontic treatment. T-scan offers fast, non-invasive, and repeatable occlusion recording.

In this paper, λI-statistical convergence is defined to generalize statistical convergence on Neutrosophic normed spaces. As it is known, Neutrosophic theory, which brings a new breath to daily life and complex scientific studies which we encounter with many uncertainties, is a rapidly developing field with many new study subjects. Thus, researchers show great interest in this philosophical approach and try to transfer related topics to this field quickly. For this purpose, in this study, besides the definition of λI-statistical convergence, the important features of Hilbert sequence space and λI-statistical convergence in Neutrosophic spaces are examined with the help of these defined sequences. By giving the relationship between Hilbert λI-statistical convergence and Hilbert I-statistical convergence, it has been evaluated whether the definitions contain a coverage relationship as in fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy. As a result, it is thought that the selected convergence type is suitable for the Neutrosophic normed space structure and is a guide for new convergence types.

Marine organisms with pelagic planktonic larval stages have high dispersal potential, yet their ranges are restricted by present and historical geographic and oceanographic features. Hydrogeographic features, such as straits and water current patterns, as well as paleoclimate can affect population connectivity, genetic differentiation, and ultimately speciation, but species distributions are also affected by life history characteristics. This study evaluates the effect of the Turkish Straits System (TSS) on the genetic differentiation of two benthic invertebrates with pelagic larvae, the Mediterranean mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, and the rockpool prawn, Palaemon elegans, using mitochondrial and nuclear markers (microsatellites for M. galloprovincialis and Histone H3 gene for P. elegans). For both species, the mitochondrial DNA analyses separated the Black Sea and the Eastern Mediterranean (Aegean and Levantine seas) populations into two clusters. In contrast, in both species the nuclear data indicated no differentiation between Black Sea and Eastern Mediterranean populations. The results suggest that for both species, some individuals of Black Sea origin moved south, most likely through the transport of their pelagic larvae via the surface currents of the TSS. However, for the most part, individuals of Mediterranean origin (from Aegean and Levantine seas) were not able to successfully migrate in the opposite direction, though the small differences in the frequencies of migration in this direction indicate the effects of the life history characteristics of the two species on genetic structure.