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This report describes the fetoplacental pathology of Chlamydia psittaci-associated abortion, premature birth, and neonatal loss in 46 of 442 equine abortion investigations between 2015 and 2019. Seven abortions, 26 premature births, and 13 neonatal deaths with positive C. psittaci polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were evaluated. In 83% of cases (38/46), C. psittaci infection was considered as the primary cause of loss based on quantitative PCR (qPCR) confirmation, pathological findings, and exclusion of other causes, and was supported by Chlamydia spp immunolabeling in fetoplacental lesions. Lymphohistiocytic placentitis with vasculitis (36/38) affected the amnion, umbilical cord, and chorioallantois at the umbilical vessel insertion and/or cervical pole. Lymphohistiocytic chorionitis in the subvillous stroma extended to the allantois mostly without villous destruction. Lymphohistiocytic amnionitis and funisitis occurred at the amniotic cord attachment. Lymphohistiocytic hepatitis was observed in 19/38 cases and pneumonia was identified in 26 cases. Chlamydia spp immunolabeled in placenta, lung, liver, or splenic tissue in the cases that were tested (14/38). C. psittaci infection was not the cause of loss in 2 cases with other diseases and of uncertain significance in 6 cases with no conclusive cause of loss. immunohistochemistry (IHC) was negative for 6 of these cases (6/8). The highest Chlamydia load was detected in pooled placental tissues by qPCR. qPCR and IHC had 83% congruence at a qPCR cut-off of 1 gene copy. IHC limits of detection corresponded to infections with 2 × 102 gene copies identified by qPCR. This study confirms the etiological role of C. psittaci as a cause of naturally occurring equine reproductive loss.

To establish the epidemiological, clinical, pathological and genetic characteristics of epidermolysis bullosa (EB) in New Zealand (NZ).Participants were recruited through the Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa Research Association of New Zealand (DEBRA NZ). Dedicated EB nurse medical records, Genetic Health Service NZ (GHSNZ) records and, where available, public hospital records were manually reviewed for relevant clinical data.Ninety-two participants took part in the study (56% participation rate). Forty-nine (53%) participants had EB simplex (EBS), 40 (43%) had dystrophic EB (DEB), and 3 (3%) had junctional EB (JEB). Point prevalence for EB of all types was 19.5 per million, and 10.4, 8.6 and 0.9 per million for EBS, DEB and JEB, respectively. Thirty-four participants had intermediate or severe EB. There were 29 paediatric cases and almost even numbers of males and females. Compared to NZ European and Māori, prevalence rates were lower for Pacific and Asian people and higher in the Middle Eastern/Latin American/African population. Eight out of 14 skin biopsy results were informative, and 14 of 15 genetic test results were informative.New Zealand has similar prevalence rates of EB compared with other national cohorts. This is likely to be an underestimate due to methodological limitations. Recent advancements in genomic testing have resulted in an improved diagnostic rate in our population. Further research into ethnic differences in prevalence, and exploring the characteristics of lethal forms of EB, is warranted. A dynamic registry may be helpful for the EB community in NZ.

This report describes the fetoplacental pathology of

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-vet-10.1177_03009858221120008 for Fetoplacental pathology of equine abortion, premature birth, and neonatal loss due to Chlamydia psittaci by Angela P. Begg, Joan Carrick, Catherine Chicken, Anna Blishen, Kristen Todhunter, Kieran Eamens and Cheryl Jenkins in Veterinary Pathology

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-vet-10.1177_03009858221120008 for Fetoplacental pathology of equine abortion, premature birth, and neonatal loss due to Chlamydia psittaci by Angela P. Begg, Joan Carrick, Catherine Chicken, Anna Blishen, Kristen Todhunter, Kieran Eamens and Cheryl Jenkins in Veterinary Pathology

We describe three cases of osteoarticular infection (OAI) in young thoroughbred horses in which the causative organism was identified by MALDI-TOF as Kingella species. The pattern of OAI resembled that reported with Kingella infection in humans. Analysis by 16S rRNA PCR enabled construction of a phylogenetic tree that placed the isolates closer to Simonsiella and Alysiella species, rather than Kingella species. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) comparison between the new isolate and Kingella kingae and Alysiella crassa however revealed low probability that the new isolate belonged to either of these species. This preliminary analysis suggests the organism isolated is a previously unrecognised species.

Designing technologies to support mental health in children is a growing area of research. However less is known about how to design with therapists for children with serious emotional behaviour issues. We conducted a contextual enquiry at an organisation that provides therapy treatment for children of trauma backgrounds. A co-design with therapists of a reflective storytelling activity provided insight into how to integrate design research activities with therapy approaches. Our analysis produced a framework summarising the important elements of a facilitated reflective experience. The framework is intended to guide the design of technologies to support safety, connection, and reflection in scaffolding social emotional learning towards improved emotional behaviour for children. Future directions for applying the framework include: augmenting existing therapy activities with technology, technology to support children learning how to self-regulate their emotions outside the clinic, and technology to help parents in emotion coaching their child.

The author is senior lecture in International History at Royal Holloway College in the University of London and, over the past decade and more, has published extensively on the subject of Britain’s...

Although published by Cambridge University Press, the intellectual seat of this work is at the University of California, Berkeley, where Alexander Cook is Assistant Professor of Modern Chinese Hist...

Chien-peng Chung's study is part of the Australian Catholic University's series “Re-thinking Asia and International Relations”, intended in part to assess the impact of Asian States on the dynamics...

Confronted by a volume which has already been named as one of the books of the year for 2013 by all the newspapers that matter, a reviewer has a choice between attempting to outdo the others in pra...

A series of abortions occurred in mares in New South Wales during 2004 that involved similar and unusual findings on post mortem examination of aborted fetuses and fetal membranes. The term Equine Amnionitis and Fetal Loss (EAFL) was developed to describe the condition. This form of abortion had not been previously recognised in Australia. The pathology alone is not specific for EAFL and diagnosis requires demonstration of a combination of certain pathological and bacteriological features. The purpose of this paper is to describe patterns considered consistent with EAFL cases as a working case definition for use by veterinarians and veterinary pathologists in identifying future cases of EAFL. More detailed papers are in preparation to fully describe the epidemiological, histopathological, and microbiological aspects of EAFL.

Nous presentons ici un nouvel index socio-economique des occupations, base sur le recensement de 1981. Il est generalement admis que l'occupation est le meilleur indicateur de statut socio-economique, mais l'importance accordee au prestige, au revenu et a leducation dans la hierarchisation des occupations demeure matiere a debats. Pour cet index, nous avons decide d'accorder un poids egal aux niveaux d’education et de revenu, en rant que composantes additives du statut socio-economique. Aussi, pour fins de continuite, nous avons calibre l ‘index sur la base de l echelle Pineo-Porter de prestige. This article presents a socioeconomic index for the total Canadian labour force, based on 1981 Census data. It also reviews the problems and criticisms of indexes of this kind, and attempts to specify the meaning of socioeconomic scales and the uses to which they may be legitimately put. The present index is most applicable in situations where access to data is limited to occupational titles and where one desires a unidimensional contextual indicator which locates individuals in the Canadian occupational structure at a given point in time. Sociological analysis of structured inequality, however, may be advanced most effectively if, where feasible, a full range of methodological options is considered, including the assessment of conditions on the level of the individual, the use of other contextual levels such as the workplace, and the investigation of occupation, gender and class as interdependent historical products.

Cet article illustre le niveau des differences regionales et provinciates qui existent dans la distribution de classe entre ceux qui sont nes au pays et des immigrants qui arriverent au Canada avant 1946 et durant la periode 1946–1961. En utilisant un index socio-economique compose de trois cent vingt (320) occupations, on etablit six classes sociales. Au Quebec et dans les provinces de l'Atlantique, ceux qui sont nes au pays sont quelque peu sous-representes dans les trois classes superieures, tandis que les immigrants venant des Etats-Unis, du Royaume-Uni, et de l'Allemagne sont sur-representes. Par ailleurs, ceux qui sont nes au Canada sont sur-representes dans la province de 1'Ontario et dans les provinces de 1'Ouest. Les immigrants americains qui emigrerent au Canada durant la periode de I'apres-guerre, sont substantiellement plus sur-representes dans les trois classes superieures que tout autre groupe d'emigrants. lis sont suivis, en cela, par les emigrants d'apres-guerre du Royaume-Uni. Ce sont les principales conclusions de l'auteur. This paper shows the extent to which regional and provincial differences exist in the class distribution of native-born and immigrants who arrived before 1946 and between 1946 and 1961. Using six classes based upon a socioeconomic index of 320 occupations the author shows that in the Atlantic provinces and Quebec, the Canadian-born are slightly underrepresented in the three top classes. Immigrants from the United States, tie United Kingdom and Germany are overrepresented. In Ontario and the Western provinces, the Canadian-born are overrepresented. The postwar immigrants from the United States have a substantially higher degree of overrepresentation in the three top classes than any other immigrant group, followed by postwar immigrants from the United Kingdom.

Ce travail elabore un index socio-economique pour les femmes qui sont emThe Vendeeloyees, base sur les niveaux pridominants d'education et de revenu dans 465 professions exercees par des femmes en 1970. L'index ainsi que ses deux composantes sont alors utilises dans une comparaison de la structure socio-economique de la main-d'oeuvre masculine et feminine qui fait usage d'un index semblable pour les hommes tel que rapporte par Blishen et McRoberts (1976). Nous avons trouve que pour les 465 professions, il y a une ressemblance tres proche entre les hommes et les femmes quant A la stratification professionnelle selon le niveau d'education mais qu'il y a des differences considerables reliees au sexe lorsqu'il s'agit de la stratification selon le revenu. Les moyennes des points en matiere socio-economique pour les hommes et les femmes qui sont employes etaient presque identiques mais ce resultat, loin de prouver qu'il y a egalite des sexes, souligne en fait une faiblesse de base de I'index tel qu'employe dans I'etude de la stratification des sexes. En combinant de faqon additive I'education et les niveaux de revenu pour chaque sexe, l'index dissimule le fait que les femmes ont en general tendance a toucher moins de revenu que les hommes mais elles se retrouvent dans des professions reliees a des niveaux d'education plus eleves. Nos resultats viennent s'ajouter a la litterature sur la discrimination des sexes dans la structure professionnelle et constituent une mise en garde contre I'usage exclusif d'index socio-economiques bases sur les professions dans I'etude de la stratification des sexes. This paper develops a socioeconomic index for employed women, based upon predominant education and income levels in 465 occupations having female incumbents in 1970. The index and its two components are then employed in a comparison of the socioeconomic structure of male and female labour forces, which makes use of an analogous index for men, reported by Blishen and McRoberts (1976). We find that, across the 465 occupations, there is a close similarity between men and women respecting occupational stratification by education level, but there are considerable sex differences in the pattern of stratification by income. Mean socioeconomic scores for employed men and women are found to be nearly identical, but this result, far from evidencing sexual equality, actually points up a basic weakness in the index as employed in the study of sexual stratification. In additively combining education and income levels for each sex, the index obscures the fact that women tend to receive generally less income than men, but are situated in occupations having relatively higher education levels. Our results add to the literature on sexual discrimination in the occupational structure and caution against the exclusive use of occupationally based socioeconomic indices in the study of sexual stratification.

There has been a continuing interest in the measurement of the social status of occupations. Perhaps the most widely known index has been the so-called North-Hatt scale based on the evaluations of some ninety occupations by a sample of the American population in 1947, carried out under the auspices of the National Opinion Research Center in Chicago.1 A 1963 replication of this study by NORC using better methods and an extended list of occupations was recently reported by Hodge, Siegel, and Rossi.2 Similar, although usually more modest, studies have been carried out in a number of other countries, including Great Britain, New Zealand, Japan, and Germany.3

Objective To assist correct decision-making about antimicrobial treatment of equine neonates with septicaemia. Design Retrospective study of microbial blood culture results obtained from foals less than 7 days of age. Methods Microbial blood culture results from foals less than 7 days of age admitted to an intensive care unit between July 1999 and December 2004 were reviewed. Antimicrobial sensitivity was assessed by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Antimicrobials were defined as an effective first-line choice antimicrobial if greater than 70% of isolates were susceptible. Multiple drug resistance (MDR) was defined as resistance to at least three antimicrobials in different chemical classes or with different mechanisms of resistance. Results Of the 427 Thoroughbred foals included in the study, a positive blood culture was obtained in 110 foals and 124 microorganisms were isolated. Gram-positive isolates, predominantly Streptococcus/Enterococcus spp, were obtained in 41% of foals. Gram-negative isolates were predominantly of the Enterobacteriaceae family, in particular Escherichia coli. The overall antimicrobial sensitivity of the isolates was low. The Gram-positive organisms had unpredictable sensitivity patterns. MDR was recorded in 32% of isolates. In total, 81% of foals were discharged from hospital and 74.5% of foals with a positive blood culture were discharged. Conclusion With the increasing prevalence of Gram-positive microorganisms and their unpredictable sensitivity patterns, blood cultures remain important in the diagnosis and treatment of equine neonatal septicaemia.

Tonio Andrade, professor of history at Emory University, has made the field of China’s global interaction with the West in its various guises almost his own. In this book, he examines these interac...

Julia Boyd. A Dance with the Dragon: The Vanished World of Peking's Foreign Colony. I. B. Tauris, London, 2012. pp. 263. Maps. Illust. Notes. Bibliog. Index. Hb. £18.99. ISBN 9 7817 8076 0520 Julia...

Edmund Backhouse (ed. Derek Sandhaus). Decadence Mandchoue: The China Memoirs of Sir Edmund Trelawny Backhouse. Earnshaw Books, Hong Kong, 2011. pp. 297. Notes. Hb. £24.99. ISBN 9 7898 8194 4511 Wh...

Shiona Airlie. Thistle and Bamboo: The Life and Times of Sir James Stewart Lockhart . Foreword by Carole G. S. Tan. Hong Kong University Press, 2010. pp. xxii + 261. Illust. Notes. Bibliog. Index. ...

Background A series of unusual abortions occurred in Thoroughbred and Quarterhorse mares in the Hunter Valley region of New South Wales from mid-March to November 2004. The initial link between early cases was the microbiological culture of atypical environmental coryneforms from the stomach contents and/or lungs of fetuses aborted on different properties. Methods The unique pathologic lesions were described with a case definition and the term equine amnionitis and fetal loss' (EAFL) was established. Results The causal factor was the ingestion of the processionary caterpillar (Ochrogaster lunifer). Bacteria from the Actinomycetales order were isolated from 40% of the combined suspect and confirmed EAFL cases and included Microbacterium arborescens, Cellulomonas sp., Arthrobacter spp. and Cellulosimicrobium sp. Other bacteria isolated included various Gram-negative bacilli and Gram-positive cocci. Conclusions Although the predominant type of bacteria isolated from EAFL was environmental coryneforms, it is important to note that a variety of bacteria were associated with the characteristic histopathological changes outlined by the case definition. This highlights the importance of histopathology on both fetal membranes and fetuses, as well as culture to confirm EAFL and to exclude other possible causes of abortion.

Stephen Platt. Autumn in the Heavenly Kingdom: China, the West and the Epic Story of the Taiping Civil War. Atlantic Books, London, 2012. pp. xxviii + 468. Maps. Illust. Notes. Bibliog. Index. Hb. ...

Tim Luard. Escape from Hong Kong: Admiral Chan Chak's Christmas Day Dash, 1941. Hong Kong University Press, 2012. pp. xxvi + 323. Maps. Illust. Notes. Bibliog. Index. Hb. £29.95. ISBN 9 7898 8808 3...

Felicity Goodall. Exodus Burma: The British Escape through the Jungles of Death 1942. The History Press, Stroud, Gloucs, 2011. pp. 239. Maps. Illust. Notes. Bibliog. Index. Hb. £18.99. ISBN 9 7807 ...

After I had accepted the invitation to write this paper, I kept forgetting why it had been said that it might make sense for me to do so. I found myself thinking instead of the reason why it didn’t make sense: that is, that I am not a Hardy scholar. And it doesn’t help that the best words I can think of for such scholarship as I have — that it always resolves itself into a confused heap of impressions — were the words used by Hardy to describe his fiction. I am simply, like many others, someone who has read Hardy most of his life: and of whose outlook, and way of seeing things, and way of attempting to say things, Hardy is a part. But when I say that, I suddenly remember the argument that was offered for my writing: which was that an unremitting, relentless reader, who has thought much and over many years about what he has read, might have something to offer as that sort of person: as someone who owes part of what he is to Hardy: a reader under the influence.