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Supplemental tables and figures with details regarding specimens used in the study, shop survey results, and details of the stable isotope analysis results.

Statistical results from this study.

Decades of warnings by conservationists, epidemiologists, and virologists that the trade and consumption of wildlife could result in serious zoonotic pandemics have gone largely unheeded. Now the world is ravaged by COVID-19 that has caused tremendous loss of life and economic and societal disruption, with dire predictions of more destructive and frequent pandemics. There are now calls to tightly regulate and even enact complete wildlife trade bans, while others call for more nuanced approaches since many rural people rely on wildlife for sustenance. Given forces of political and societal expediency and limitations to enforcing bans, a response closer to the latter is more likely to unfold. But this will require monitoring and assessing trade situations for zoonotic risks. We present a framework for government authorities in the public health and wildlife sectors to assess wildlife trade situations for risks of serious zoonoses in order to inform policies to curtail or control the trade, much of which is illegal in most countries. The framework is based on available knowledge of different wildlife taxa traded in the Asia-Pacific Region, taxa known to carry highly virulent and transmissible viruses, and broad categories of market types and trade chains.

Field station data available from the Hong Kong Observatory with error bars showing +/- standard deviation (https://www.hko.gov.hk/cis/normal/1981_2010/seatemp_e.htm#).

Lowest scores are shown in bold

Lowest scores are shown in bold

For all corals, the relationship between the lipid content of host and symbiont fractions with temperature and light were all best fit with a linear model. Significance was tested with ANOVA. Bold, shaded cells indicate statistical significance at p

MotivationThe BioTIME database contains raw data on species identities and abundances in ecological assemblages through time. These data enable users to calculate temporal trends in biodiversity within and amongst assemblages using a broad range of metrics. BioTIME is being developed as a community-led open-source database of biodiversity time series. Our goal is to accelerate and facilitate quantitative analysis of temporal patterns of biodiversity in the Anthropocene.Main types of variables includedThe database contains 8,777,413 species abundance records, from assemblages consistently sampled for a minimum of 2 years, which need not necessarily be consecutive. In addition, the database contains metadata relating to sampling methodology and contextual information about each record.Spatial location and grainBioTIME is a global database of 547,161 unique sampling locations spanning the marine, freshwater and terrestrial realms. Grain size varies across datasets from 0.0000000158 km2 (158 cm2) to 100 km2 (1,000,000,000,000 cm2).Time period and grainBioTIME records span from 1874 to 2016. The minimal temporal grain across all datasets in BioTIME is a year.Major taxa and level of measurementBioTIME includes data from 44,440 species across the plant and animal kingdoms, ranging from plants, plankton and terrestrial invertebrates to small and large vertebrates.Software format.csv and .SQL.

Peer reviewed: True, Perceptions of, and attitudes toward, wildlife are influenced by exposure to, and direct experiences with, nature. Butterflies are a conspicuous and ubiquitous component of urban nature across megacities that are highly urbanized with little opportunity for human-nature interactions. We evaluated public familiarity with, perceptions of and attitudes toward butterflies across nine megacities in East and Southeast Asia through face-to-face interviews with 1774 urban park users. A total of 79% of respondents had seen butterflies in their cities mostly in urban parks, indicating widespread familiarity with butterflies. Those who had seen butterflies also had higher perceptions of butterflies, whereas greater than 50% of respondents had positive attitudes toward butterflies. Frequent visits to natural places in urban neighbourhoods was associated with (i) sightings of caterpillars, indicating increased familiarity with urban wildlife, and (ii) increased connectedness to nature. We found two significant positive relationships: (i) between connectedness to nature and attitudes toward butterflies and (ii) between connectedness to nature and perceptions of butterflies, firmly linking parks users' thoughts and feelings about butterflies with their view of nature. This suggests that butterflies in urban parks can play a key role in building connectedness to nature and consequently pro-environmental behaviours and support for wildlife conservation among urban residents.