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In this experiment we investigate whether participants will strategically choose to divulge information about the costs and benefits of a given piece of information in order to maximize gratitude and expect others to do so.

Study of participants' willingness to contribute to help people who brought misfortune on themselves by their own negligence.

Study people's judgments about the victims of misfortune

In a previous experiment, we found that people expect the protagonist to relay the information about the benefits of their advice to those whose benefit is larger. However, the previous set of vignettes and the question were ambiguous, such that they could’ve been interpreted as the protagonist choosing whom to impart the benefits to, not only whom to communicate them. In this experiment, we nevertheless again expect to replicate this finding, i.e. that participants will predict that the protagonist will choose to divulge information about high benefits of a given piece of information (vs. a low benefit).

In this experiment, we investigate whether participants are more likely to choose the high cost of a given piece of information to be known by the interlocutor (in a choice against the low cost) in the indirect compared to the direct condition.

Study of people's judgments on a victim of own negligence.

In this experiment, we investigate: 1) Whether participants are more likely to strategically divulge information without asking for immediate reciprocity. 2) Whether people will predict that others will be more likely to disclose information without waiting for confirmation under time pressure conditions compared to a control condition, in order to be first and elicit more gratitude.

Participants read story about person who experienced misfortune as a result of their own negligence. Participants are asked if they would be willling to give part of their bonus to charity to help such people. Participants are asked to judge the victim's character. We expect that people who donate very little, even in an mimaginary scenario, will derogate the victim's character to excuse their lack of contribution.

This pre-test consists in a survey, in which participants rate the extent to which they judge some behaviors to be examples of negligence, e.g., smoking a cigarette while refueling one's car. Data will be used to create stimuli for further studies of perceptions of negligence.

Persistence of nondegeneracy is a phenomenon that appears in the theory of $\overline{\mathbb{Q}}_l$-representations of the linear group: every irreducible submodule of the restriction to the mirabolic sub-representation of a nondegenerate irreducible representation is nondegenerate. This is not true anymore in general, if we look at the modulo $l$ reduction of some stable lattice. As in the Clozel–Harris–Taylor generalization of global Ihara’s lemma, we show that this property, called nondegeneracy persistence and related to the notion of essentially absolutely irreducible and generic representations in the work of Emerton and Helm, remains true for lattices given by the cohomology of Lubin–Tate spaces. As a global application, we give a new construction of automorphic congruences in the Ribet spirit. Résumé. La persistence de la non dégénérescence est un phénomène qui apparait dans la théorie des $\overline{\mathbb{Q}}_l$-représentations du groupe linéaire: toute sous-représentation irréductible de la restriction au groupe mirabolique d’une représentation irréductible non dégénérée, est non dégénérée. Ce n’est plus le cas en général pour la réduction modulo $l$ d’un réseau stable. Comme dans la généralisation par Clozel-Harris-Taylor du lemme d’Ihara, nous montrons que cette propriété de non dégénérescence, qui est reliée à la notion de représentation essentiellement absolument générique de Emerton-Helm, reste valide pour les réseaux donnés par la cohomologie des espaces de Lubin-Tate. Nous donnons une application de nature globale en construisant des congruences automorphes dans l’esprit du travail de Ribet.

Investigate the degree people in certain scenarios are deemed negligent by a reader

In this experiment, we investigate whether one can attribute gratitude retroactively, when a piece of information that was initially rejected (due to lack of epistemic authority from the source) turns out to be correct and beneficial.

Rationale of the study This study uses vignettes to evaluate whether people attribute more responsibility to the victim of an accident (what is sometimes called victim-blame), when the participants feel that they might have to pay a cost to help that victim. The vignettes describe a person who was victim of an accident because of their neg-ligence. As a result, their family will have to pay a heavy cost. The participants are then asked whether they would like to contribute some of their possible bonus payment for the study, to help victims like the one described in the vi-gnette.

Blame31 study. Pascal Boyer Rationale In this study, we try to investigate whether people generally associate the idea of an unfortunate event (like illness, accidents, etc.) with the idea that some person was re-sponsible for that event. We present participants with vignettes that include cues as to whether the victim of the accident had been negligent, or had taken reasonable precau-tions to avoid some mishap.

We test how the possibility of passing on information that one has received can influence the intensity of gratitude.

We test how beneficiary audience size influences the intensity of gratitude.

Study of the perception of victims of accidents

Supplementary materials for Are Multiple Minimal Outgroup Males Readily Associated with Threat?

This study will document people’s reactions to vignettes, presented as news stories, depicting a person who is the victim of an accident, e.g., a bear attack or a car crash. We evaluate the extent to which the victim is judged to be ‘responsible’ for what happened to them, and whether participants think that, in order to understand what happened, it would be relevant to find out more about the circumstances of the accident or the personality of the victim.

Let $Sh_K(G,\mu)$ be a Shimura variety of KHT type, as introduced in Harris-Taylor book, associated to some similitude group $G/\mathbb Q$ and a open compact subgroup $K$ of $G(\mathbb A)$. For any irreducible algebraic $\overline{\mathbb Q}_l$-representation $\xi$ of $G$, let $V_\xi$ be the $\mathbb Z_l$-local system on $Sh_K(G,\mu)$. From my paper about p-stabilization, we know that if we allow the local component $K_l$ of $K$ to be small enough, then there must exists some non trivial cohomology classes with coefficient in $V_\xi$. The aim of this paper is then to construct explicitly such torsion classes with the control of $K_l$. As an application we obtain the construction of some new automorphic congruences between tempered and non tempered automorphic representations of the same weight and same level at $l$.

A particular case of Bergeron-Venkatesh's conjecture predicts that torsion classes in the cohomology of Shimura varieties are rather rare. According to this and for Kottwitz-Harris-Taylor type of Shimura varieties, we first associate to each such torsion class an infinity of irreducible automorphic representations in characteristic zero, which are pairwise non isomorphic and weakly congruent. Then, using completed cohomology, we construct torsion classes in regular weight and then deduce explicit examples of such automorphic congruences., Comment: compared to arXiv:1610.10020, to construct torsion we simply use completed cohomology

Insufficient volume of the future liver remnant (FLR) is a major cause of non-resectable disease in patients presenting with primary or metastatic liver tumours. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the combined preoperative portal and hepatic vein embolization (biembolization) before extended right liver resections. This retrospective study was performed in a tertiary centre between 2014 and 2015. Combined right portal and hepatic vein embolization (biembolization) was proposed, as an alternative to ALPPS procedure, for all patients with primary or metastatic liver tumour, before right extended hepatectomy. CT scan liver volumetry was assessed before biembolization, three weeks after biembolization and one week after surgery. Seven patients underwent biembolization. All patients had right portal vein embolization (PVE) combined with right hepatic vein embolization (HVE, n = 4), median HVE (n = 2) and right + median HVE (n = 1). Three patients had preoperative liver disease and two received preoperative chemotherapy. No biembolization procedure-related complications occurred. The mean FLR regeneration rate was 52.6% (range: 18.2–187.9) after the biembolization. One patient with gallbladder carcinoma was not operated because of peritoneal carcinomatosis diagnosed after the biembolization. The remnant six patients did not develop postoperative liver failure. Biembolization seems to induce safe, reproducible and effective FLR growth before extended right hepatectomy, in patients with primary or metastatic liver tumour.

Resume Soient K un corps local complet de corps residuel un corps fini de caracteristique p et l un nombre premier distinct de p. Etant donnee une Q ¯ l -representation irreductible cuspidale entiere π, nous decrivons pour tout s ⩾ 1 , les sous-quotients irreductibles de la reduction modulo l de la representation de Steinberg generalisee St s ( π ) . Par recurrence et a lʼaide de lʼinduction parabolique, nous construisons ensuite des reseaux stables de St s ( π ) et nous decrivons une filtration de leur reduction modulo l laquelle intervient, cf. Boyer (en preparation) [4] , dans la description de la l-torsion des p+-extensions intermediaires des systemes locaux dʼHarris–Taylor.

Dans la situation geometrique des varietes de Shimura simples de Kottwitz etudiees dans le livre d’Harris et Taylor (The Geometry and Cohomology of Some Simple Shimura Varieties, Annals of Mathematics Studies, vol. 151, Princeton University Press, 2001), on decrit la filtration de monodromie du complexe des cycles evanescents ainsi que la suite spectrale correspondante. On prouve en particulier que cette filtration coincide avec celle donnee par les poids a un decalage pres. D’apres le theoreme de comparaison de Berkovich-Fargues, on en deduit une description de la filtration de monodromie-locale du modele de Deligne-Carayol.

When the level at $l$ of a Shimura variety of Kottwitz-Harris-Taylor is not maximal, its cohomology with coefficients in a $\overline{\mathbb Z}_l$-local system isn't in general torsion free. In order to prove torsion freeness results of the cohomology, we localize at a maximal ideal $\mathfrak m$ of the Hecke algebra. We then prove a result of torsion freeness resting either on $\mathfrak m$ itself or on the Galois representation $\overline ��_{\mathfrak m}$ associated to it. Concerning the torsion, in a rather restricted case than the work of Caraiani-Scholze, we prove that the torsion doesn't give new Satake parameters systems by showing that each torsion cohomology class can be raised in the free part of the cohomology of a Igusa variety., in French

The principal aim of this paper is to construct torsion cohomology classes in the initial terms of a spectral sequence computing the cohomology of a Kottwitz-Harris-Taylor Shimura variety. Beside we produce some global congruences between automorphic representations., in French, accepted for publication in Annales de l'Institut Fourier 2015

In the geometric situation of some simple unitary Shimura varieties studied by Harris and Taylor, I have built two filtrations of the perverse sheaf of vanishing cycles. The graduate of the first are the $p$-intermediate extension of some local Harris-Taylor's local systems, while for the second, obtained by duality, they are the $p+$-intermediate extensions. In this work, we describe the difference between these $p$ and $p+$ intermediate extension. Precisely, we show, in the case where the local system is associated to an irreducible cuspidal representation whose reduction modulo $l$ is supercuspidal, that the two intermediate extensions are the same. Otherwise, if the reduction modulo $l$ is just cuspidal, we describe the $l$-torsion of their difference., 28 pages, in French. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:0707.4396, arXiv:1309.1946

We define and study new filtrations called of stratification of a perverse sheaf on a scheme; beside the cases of the weight or monodromy filtrations, these filtrations are available whatever are the ring of coefficients. We illustrate these constructions in the geometric situation of the simple unitary Shimura varieties of Harris and Taylor's book for the perverse sheaves of Harris-Taylor and the complex of vanishing cycles, introduced and studied in my 2009 paper at inventiones. In the situation studied in loc. cit., we show how to use these filtrations to simplify the principal step of this paper; the cases of finite field or ring of integer of a local field will be studied in the next published paper., in French, accepted for publication at Bulletin de la SMF (2014). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:0707.4396

We study the reduction modulo $l$ of some elliptic representations; for each of these representations, we give a particular lattice naturally obtained by parabolic induction in giving the graph of extensions between its irreducible sub-quotient of its reduction modulo $l$. The principal motivation for this work, is that these lattices appear in the cohomology of Lubin-Tate towers., 21 pages

This article is the $\mathrm{Z}_l$-version of my paper "Monodromie du faisceau pervers des cycles ��vanescents de quelques vari��t��s de Shimura simples" in Invent. Math. 2009 vol 177 pp. 239-280, where we study the vanishing cycles of some unitary Shimura variety. The aim is to prove that the cohomology sheaves of this complexe are free so that, thanks to the main theorem of Berkovich on vanishing cycles, we can deduce that the $\mathrm{Z}_l$-cohomology of the model of Deligne-Carayol is free. There will be a second article which will be the $\mathrm{Z}_l$ version of my paper "Conjecture de monodromie-poids pour quelques varit��s de Shimura unitaires" in Compositio vol 146 part 2, pp. 367-403. The aim of this second article will be to study the torsion of the cohomology groups of these Shimura varieties., the new version is now arXiv:1309.1946

We describe the connected components of Igusa's varieties of second species defined par Harris and Taylor in their book. There are in bijection with the characters of the inversible group of the maximal order of the division algebra attached to them., Comment: 5 pages

In the first half of the paper, we translate in the geometric situation of Drinfeld varieties, the principal results of the Harris and Taylor's book. We give in particular the restriction to the open strata of the vanishing cycles sheaves in terms of some local systems named Harris-Taylor's local systems which we calculate the alternated sum of the cohomology group with compact supports. In the last half of the paper, we describe the monodromy filtration of the vanishing cycles perverse sheaf and the spectral sequence associated to it. Thanks to the Berkovich-Fargues' theorem, we obtain the description of the local monodromy filtration of the Deligne-Carayol model., 180 pages, 10 figures

In the geometric situation of the simple Shimura varieties of Kottwitz studied in Harris and Taylor's book, we describe the monodromy filtration of the vanishing cycles complex and the spectral sequence associated to it. We prove in particular that this filtration coincides with the weight one up to shift. Thanks to the Berkovich-Fargues' theorem, we deduce the description of the local monodromy filtration of the Deligne-Carayol model. In application, we obtain the description of the local components of cohomological automorphic representations of certains unitary groups, a global Jacquet-Langlands correspondence between two such groups and a proof of the weight-monodromy conjecture for the cohomology of these Shimura varieties., Comment: 83 pages, 13 figures, some minor changes