Search

OBJECTIVES Mathematical modeling is increasingly used to inform cervical cancer control policies, and model-based evaluations of such policies in women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are an emerging research area. We did a scoping review of published literature to identify research gaps and inform future work in this field. METHODS We systematically searched literature up to April 2022 and included mathematical modeling studies evaluating the effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of cervical cancer prevention strategies in populations including women living with HIV. We extracted information on prevention strategies and modeling approaches. RESULTS We screened 1504 records and included 22 studies, almost half of which focused on South Africa. We found substantial between-study heterogeneity in terms of strategies assessed and modeling approaches used. Fourteen studies evaluated cervical cancer screening strategies, 7 studies assessed human papillomavirus vaccination (with or without screening), and 1 study evaluated the impact of HIV control measures on cervical cancer incidence and mortality. Thirteen conducted cost-effectiveness analyses. Markov cohort state-transition models were used most commonly (n = 12). Most studies (n = 17) modeled the effect of HIV by creating HIV-related health states. Thirteen studies performed model calibration, but 11 did not report the calibration methods used. Only 1 study stated that model code was available upon request. CONCLUSIONS Few model-based evaluations of cervical cancer control strategies have specifically considered women living with HIV. Improvements in model transparency, by sharing information and making model code publicly available, could facilitate the utility of these evaluations for other high disease-burden countries, where they are needed for assisting policy makers.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-pmj-10.1177_02692163211042530 for Asian patients��� perspectives on advance care planning: A mixed-method systematic review and conceptual framework by Diah Martina, Olaf P Geerse, Cheng-Pei Lin, Martina S Kristanti, Wichor M Bramer, Masanori Mori, Ida J Korfage, Agnes van der Heide, Judith AC Rietjens and Carin CD van der Rijt in Palliative Medicine

BACKGROUND PIK3CA-related overgrowth syndromes (PROS) include a variety of clinical presentations that are associated with hypertrophy of different parts of the body. AIM Perform a systematic literature review to assess the current treatment options and their efficacy and safety in PROS. METHODS A literature search was performed in EMBASE, MEDLINE (Ovid), Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov and Google Scholar to retrieve publications on the treatment for hypertrophy in PROS and randomized controlled trials, cohort studies or case series including ≥10 patients reporting were included in the review. Titles, abstracts and full texts were assessed by two reviewers independently. The Risk of Bias (RoB) was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. RESULTS 16 articles for the treatment of hypertrophy in PROS patients were included, 13 (81.3%) from clinical retrospective studies and 3 (13.7%) from prospective cohort studies. The ROB grade was low for 2, medium for 12 and high for 2 studies. 13 articles reported surgical treatment, while 3 reported pharmacological treatment using PIK3/mTOR pathway inhibitors in PROS patients. In 3 studies, PROS was defined by a mutation in the PIK3CA gene, while the other studies relied on a clinical definition of PROS. Surgical therapy was beneficial for a specific subgroup of PROS (macrodactyly), but little was reported concerning surgery and potential benefits in other PROS entities. Reported side effects in surgical therapy were mostly prolonged wound healing or scarring. PIK3/mTOR pathway inhibition was beneficial in patients with PROS reducing hypertrophy as well as systemic symptoms. Adverse effects reported included infection, changes in blood count, liver enzymes and metabolic measures. CONCLUSION Surgery is a locally limited treatment option in specific types of PROS. A promising treatment option in PROS is the pharmacological PIK3CA inhibition. However, the level of evidence on treatment of overgrowth in PROS patients is limited.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-pmj-10.1177_02692163211042530 for Asian patients��� perspectives on advance care planning: A mixed-method systematic review and conceptual framework by Diah Martina, Olaf P Geerse, Cheng-Pei Lin, Martina S Kristanti, Wichor M Bramer, Masanori Mori, Ida J Korfage, Agnes van der Heide, Judith AC Rietjens and Carin CD van der Rijt in Palliative Medicine

Additional file 1. Systematic search.

Additional file 2: Table 1. Prevalence of silent cerebral infarcts in control subjects.

Additional file 1. Search Strategy.

Additional file 3. PRISMA checklist.

Additional file 4. MOOSE checklist.

Additional file 2. Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale.

Supplemental material, 824275_Supplemental_table_1 for Development and validation of search filters to find articles on palliative care in bibliographic databases by Judith AC Rietjens, Wichor M Bramer, Eric CT Geijteman, Agnes van der Heide and Wendy H Oldenmenger in Palliative Medicine

Background: Chronic neck pain is a common problem with a poorly understood pathophysiology. Often no underlying structural pathology can be found and radiological imaging findings are more related to age than to a patient's symptoms. Besides its common occurrence, chronic idiopathic neck pain is also very disabling with almost 50% of all neck pain patients showing moderate disability at long-term follow-up. Central sensitization (CS) is defined as "an amplification of neural signaling within the central nervous system that elicits pain hypersensitivity," "increased responsiveness of nociceptive neurons in the central nervous system to their normal or subthreshold afferent input," or "an augmentation of responsiveness of central neurons to input from unimodal and polymodal receptors." There is increasing evidence for involvement of CS in many chronic pain conditions. Within the area of chronic idiopathic neck pain, there is consistent evidence for the presence and clinical importance of CS in patients with traumatic neck pain, or whiplash-associated disorders. However, the majority of chronic idiopathic neck pain patients are unrelated to a traumatic injury, and hence are termed chronic idiopathic non-traumatic neck pain. When comparing whiplash with idiopathic non-traumatic neck pain, indications for different underlying mechanisms are found. Objective: The goal of this article was to review the existing scientific literature on the role of CS in patients with chronic idiopathic non-traumatic neck pain. Study Design: Systematic review. Setting: All selected studies were case control studies. Methods: A systematic search of existing, relevant literature was performed via the electronic databases Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cinahl, PubMed, and Google Scholar. All titles and abstracts were checked to identify relevant articles. An article was considered eligible if it met following inclusion criteria: (1) participants had to be human adults (> 18 years) diagnosed with idiopathic non-traumatic chronic (present for at least 3 months) neck pain; (2) papers had to report outcomes related to CS; and (3) articles had to be full-text reports or original research (no abstracts, case-reports, reviews, meta-analysis, letters, or editorials). Results: Six articles were found eligible after screening the title, abstract and - when necessary the full text for in- and exclusion criteria. All selected studies were case-control studies. Overall, results regarding the presence of CS were divergent. While the majority of patients with chronic traumatic neck pain (i.e. whiplash) are characterized by CS, this is not the case for patients with chronic idiopathic neck pain. The available evidence suggests that CS is not a major feature of chronic idiopathic neck pain. Individual cases might have CS pain, but further work should reveal how they can be characterized. Limitations: Very few studies available. Conclusions: Literature about CS in patients with chronic idiopathic non-traumatic neck pain is rare and results from the available studies provide an inconclusive message. CS is not a characteristic feature of chronic idiopathic and non-traumatic neck pain, but can be present in some individuals of the population. In the future a subgroup with CS might be defined, but based on current knowledge it is not possible to characterize this subgroup. Such information is important in order to provide targeted treatment.