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Background: The process of harvesting honey is time consuming and labour intensive. A new system, the Flow Frame, has drastically simplified the harvesting process enabling honey to be extracted directly from the hive with minimal processing. The sensory profile of honey is influenced firstly by botanical origin and subsequently by processing and storage parameters. Thus a reduction in harvest processing may influence the sensory profile of honey harvested from Flow Frames compared to conventional processing. To test this hypothesis, two monofloral honeys (macadamia and yellow pea) were harvested from Flow Frames, or by conventional honey extraction. Sensory profiling using conventional descriptive analysis was carried out for each floral source with an experienced trained panel. Results: The two monofloral honeys harvested using the Flow Frame system had higher floral and cleaner aftertaste sensory scores than the honey extracted using commercial methods that involve the use of heat and centrifugation. Conclusion: The Flow system retains honeys natural sensory properties compared to harvesting methods that require heat and centrifugation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Tsetse flies (genera Glossina) are the sole biological vectors of African Trypanosoma species, the infectious agents of African Trypanosomiasis. Vector control is a key inhibitor of disease transmission; however, long-term control measures are economically and ecologically unsustainable and therefore, alternatives must be explored. In this thesis we aim to explore the evolution of three important immune genes: attacin-A (AttA), Defensin (Def) and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), in relation to symbionts and parasitic interactions. This could in turn lay the foundations for genetic control methods The successful identification of novel attacin orthologues confirmed the previous descriptions of attacin clusters within the Glossina genome, while a single novel defensin orthologue was identified in each of the six Glossina genomes. A total of six TLRs were confirmed within the Glossina genome, and three additional TLRs were potentially identified, though these are unconfirmed. The evolutionary history of the attacin cluster remains undetermined, however concerted evolution likely impacts the evolution of AttA, while Def and TLRs are governed by strict Darwinian selection. A wild population sample of Glossina morsitans morsitans illustrated differing levels of nucleotide variation in each gene, Def being the least polymorphic (n = 8) and TLR2 being the most (n = 22). All genes indicated a recent population expansion event and deviations from neutrality, indicative of population expansion and balancing selection. Genetic variation in both AttA and TLR2 was found to be maintained via purifying selection, while Def exhibited signs of the Red Queen arms race and balancing section. Trypanosome infection rates were unexpectedly high (69.35%), consisting of mixed species infections. Advantageous Def variants were observed to reduce infection rates within samples, while an observable relationship between TLR2 and symbiont variation, and infection rate requires further research. The results within described the impacts of evolution and population change on immune genes and how the interactions with symbiont populations can influence trypanosome infection rates. This thesis indicates that an understanding of the evolution and interactions of the tsetse-symbiont-trypanosome triplet could be used to inform novel genetic control methods.

Description, The embryonic factor NANOG reverses aging hallmarks and rejuvenates senescent skeletal muscle progenitors., Senescence of myogenic progenitors impedes skeletal muscle regeneration. Here, we show that overexpression of the transcription factor NANOG in senescent myoblasts can overcome the effects of cellular senescence and confer a youthful phenotype to senescent cells. NANOG ameliorated primary hallmarks of cellular senescence including genomic instability, loss of proteostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The rejuvenating effects of NANOG included restoration of DNA damage response via up-regulation of DNA repair proteins, recovery of heterochromatin marks via up-regulation of histones, and reactivation of autophagy and mitochondrial energetics via up-regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Expression of NANOG in the skeletal muscle of a mouse model of premature aging restored the number of myogenic progenitors and induced formation of eMyHC+ myofibers. This work demonstrates the feasibility of reversing the effects of cellular senescence in vitro and in vivo, with no need for reprogramming to the pluripotent state.

Supplemental material, SuppFig1 for Performance Characteristics of Photoacoustic Imaging Probes with Varying Frequencies and Light Delivery Schemes by Laurie J. Rich, Sarah R. Chamberlain, Daniela R. Falcone, Robert Bruce, Andrew Heinmiller, Jun Xia and Mukund Seshadri in Ultrasonic Imaging

SUMMARY Using proprietary Australian Taxation Office (ATO) data, this study examines audit pricing, service bundling, and independence issues in the self-managed superannuation fund (SMSF) sector, the fastest growing and largest segment of the Australian $2 trillion retirement savings industry. We consider the impact of partner-level scale effects for a large sample of SMSF audits for the three years to June 2010. After controlling for factors known to determine audit fees, we find evidence of fee discounting by partners with large client portfolios. However, when the dependent variable is redefined to the total “bundle” of services (including audit and non-audit fees), the firms of partners with larger client portfolios are shown to earn bundling fee premiums. This finding suggests industry specialists price strategically using audits as a conduit to supply higher margin non-audit services (NAS) to clients with more resources. Last, we find no evidence the supply of NAS impairs auditor independence, alleviating joint supply concerns raised in the Cooper Review.

Cutis laxa is characterized by dramatic wrinkling of skin that is lacking in elasticity due to inherent defects in dermal elastic fibers. Cutis laxa can be caused by genetic and metabolic disorders. It can also be acquired, possibly resulting from inflammatory processes with destruction of elastic fibers. This report describes a 26-year old woman who developed acquired cutis laxa and cutaneous mastocytosis leading to premature aging. She represents a unique co-occurrence of these two separate disease entities. To our knowledge, there has been only one published case report of acquired cutis laxa occurring in association with urticaria pigmentosa in a 4-year old girl. Our case would be a second case that exhibits the coexistence of these two disorders in an adult female.

The number of lung transplants performed globally continues to increase year after year. Despite this growing experience, long-term outcomes following lung transplantation continue to fall far short of that described in other solid-organ transplant settings. Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) remains common and is the end result of exposure to a multitude of potentially injurious insults that include alloreactivity and infection among others. Central to any description of the clinical performance of the transplanted lung is an assessment of its physiology by pulmonary function testing. Spirometry and the evaluation of forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity, remain core indices that are measured as part of routine clinical follow-up. Spirometry, while reproducible in detecting lung allograft dysfunction, lacks specificity in differentiating the different complications of lung transplantation such as rejection, infection and bronchiolitis obliterans. However, interpretation of spirometry is central to defining the different 'chronic rejection' phenotypes. It is becoming apparent that the maximal lung function achieved following transplantation, as measured by spirometry, is influenced by a number of donor and recipient factors as well as the type of surgery performed (single vs double vs lobar lung transplant). In this review, we discuss the wide range of variables that need to be considered when interpreting lung function testing in lung transplant recipients. Finally, we review a number of novel measurements of pulmonary function that may in the future serve as better biomarkers to detect and diagnose the cause of the failing lung allograft.

Educators and policymakers are faced with the daunting task of pro viding education services to children being raised in the most rapidly evolving society in human history. The task before the schools is to find methods by which they can improve their effectiveness, while bet ter serving their stakeholders. Is school-based management perceived to be an effective approach?

Superannuation trustees nominate insurance companies to provide tax-advantaged coverage to members on an exclusive basis. We compare the premiums paid by members to the benefits received, and investigate whether the ‘relatedness’ of the trustee and insurance provider has an impact on members’ net insurance costs. Focusing on 52 retail sector funds, we find that the most relevant characteristic is whether the trust deed establishing the superannuation fund required the trustee to use a related insurance provider. We find that members of these funds purchase more insurance, and that their coverage is in the form of higher-cost products.

Formal verification of program properties may be infeasible or impractical, and informal analysis may be sufficient. Informal analysis involves the informal acceptance, by inspection, of the validity of program properties or steps in an analysis. Informal analysis may also involve abstraction. Abstraction can be used to eliminate details and concentrate on more general properties. Abstraction will result in informal analysis if it includes the use of undefined properties. A systematic, informal method for analysis called QDA (Quick Defect Analysis) is described. QDA is a comments analysis process based on facts and hypotheses. Facts are used to create an abstract program model, and hypotheses are selected, nonobvious program properties which are identified as needing verification. Hypotheses are proved from the facts that define an abstraction. QDA is hypothesis-driven in the sense that only those parts of an abstraction that are needed to prove hypotheses are created. The QDA approach was applied to a previously well tested operational flight program (OFP). The QDA method and the results of the OFP experiment are presented. The problems of incomplete or unsound informal analysis are analyzed, the relationship of QDA to other analysis methods is discussed, and suggested improvements to the QDA method are described. >

In the 'Vertical Mosaic', John Porter noted that a considerable flow of post war immigrants to Canada were highly skilled and educated. During the mid-1960's the major functional requirements of the Canadian social system as it affected immigration was the requirement for increasing proportions of skilled and educated immigrants to meet the skill demands of Canada's booming economy. As a result of this, it was hypothesized that 1. there would be an increasing proportion of immigrants intending higher occupational class levels, 2. race and ethnicity would be progressively reduced as a criterion for selecting immigrants, 3. family connection would be less of a factor in selecting immigrants intending to enter the labour force. It was found that the basis for realizing these expected changes had been written into the Immigration Regulations; especially in the amendments to the Immigration Act of 1962 and 1967. With the introduction, in 1967, of the points system for selecting immigrants, racial and ethnic discrimination was officially eradicated as a criterion governing the admission of immigrants. Instead 'independent' applicants were to be selected on the basis of skills, education, occupational demand, area demand and some other factors. It was suggested that the two most important criteria which would ultimately determine an immigrant's admissibility were 'occupational demand' and the 'area demand' for that occupation. Also, under a separate points system 'nominated' relatives were also subject to skills and educational selection criteria as well. The hypotheses were generally confirmed. It was found that the skill levels of immigrants in the 1960's had increased very dramatically. The proportion of immigrants who had formerly been discriminated against the most, racially and ethnically, had also increased considerably. In the case of family oriented immigration, it appeared that the proportion of nominated immigrants may have decreased considerably. In accounting for these expected changes several factors were noted. However it must be stressed that due to the wide scope of the research that many new hypothesis were suggested and much further research proposed. Master of Arts (MA)

Utilising a unique dataset collected by the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA), this paper examines the outsourcing by superannuation fund trustees eight superannuation functions, including administration, asset allocation, and investment management. In each of these individual outsourcing markets, we analyse related-party service providers, the concentration of independent service providers, and the combined impact on outsourcing costs. We find that ‘relatedness’ per se does not imply higher outsourcing fees: Related-party service providers used by not-for-profit funds generally charge no more than independent service providers, whereas retail related-party service providers tend to charge higher fees than their independent counterparts. We also find a wide diversity in competitiveness in the market for each function: Where outsourcing is concentrated among a small number of service providers - even where a large number of providers offer the service - we find that the dominant service providers charge higher fees.

The expected yield to maturity on a defaultable obligation equals the nominal yield less expected default losses. However, in a mark-to-market world, one doesn't have the luxury of reporting one's performance on the basis of yield to maturity. Total return is calculated for an arbitrary holding period, and must reflect any mark-to-market gains or losses as at the close of the period-gains or losses that can be triggered by the bond's upgrade or downgrade. Thus to estimate expected total return, one must estimate not only expected default losses, but also the impact on capital price of expected ratings transitions. This paper begins with the observation that a bond which is blessed by more favourable transition characteristics is likely to produce a higher total return, and poses the question of how that benefit can be quantified. How much is it worth? To answer the question, I start by specifying a formal bond-pricing model reflective of ratings transitions. I survey various statistical methods and past research efforts to identify the ratings-transition matrix which best parametrises the model, and propose a novel test for selecting between competing matrices. Using this approach, I replicate several important studies of ratings transitions. I also use it to examine new published and unpublished data, testing for (and finding) ratings path-dependency, and otherwise exploring the effect of ratings changes on different bond sectors. I then turn to the question of whether it is possible to estimate bond-specific transition probabilities, and propose a way to do so. I combine these efforts into the specifications for a pricing model capable of answering the question: How much is it worth?

The principal technological problem in large systems development and maintenance is the management of complexity. Part of the problem is that there is seldom a complete set of formal specifications for such systems. This may not change for a variety of reasons. Such systems are often transaction oriented, and there is no concise functional description of their behavior. The code itself is the only detailed, complete description. In addition, during the development of such systems, the functional and design specifications evolve, and required properties of one part of the system become known at intermediate points in the development of some other part. An approach to this problem is described which depends on the use of operational specifications. It is based on studies of faults occurring in large systems, and an investigation of the ways in which humans make errors. The approach assumes that the information available about a large system usually consists of the program plus additional operational information in the form of incremental specifications . The program itself is considered to be an operational description in which sequences of operations are described using a graph. The additional operational information consists of partial ordering information about those operations. It also allows the user, for example, to note at one point in the graph that it is expected that some operation has been performed at earlier points. This leads to the consideration of the different states that can occur at some program location, where the states are defined either directly or indirectly in terms of operations occurring before or after that location. In order to make analysis tractable, incremental specifications are limited to constructs producing only a finite number of possible states. Verification of a system consists of determining the consistency of its operational specifications. Several incremental specifications analyzers have been constructed. The first was built for analyzing COBOL programs, and contained a variety of other interesting features such as a symbolic evaluation capability for detecting infeasible paths. Two others have been constructed for analyzing the code in a real-time avionics system. These are described, including one called QDA2 which has been used to detect the occurrence of errors in a heavily tested piece of flight software. All of the experiments with these analyzers confirm that they are easy to use, and effective in discovering the presence of an pervasive and important class of errors in large systems which have been characterized as “decomposition errors.” The basic features of our latest analyzer, QDAA, designed for detecting faults in ADA programs are also described.

Stimulus waveform parameters and stimulation protocols are fundamental to the use of electrical stimulation in medical applications. This thesis presents new simulation and experimental procedures that for the first time can quantify the effects on nerve fiber recruitment patterns of variable stimulus waveform parameters, such as pulse width changes in the stimulation protocol with respect to electrode orientation. The study of the effect of variable electrical stimulus waveform parameters and stimulation protocols is important from the perspective of therapeutic and diagnostic medicine. Variations in the stimulus waveform such as stimulus pulse width have been shown to offer some promise in allowing for selective recruitment of nerve fibers and motor units based on nerve fiber diameter. The degree of selectivity achievable has not however been quantified under any stimulus electrode protocol. Standardization of electrodiagnostic techniques such as motor unit number estimation would also benefit from a quantified study of nerve fiber recruitment patterns under different stimulus pulse width conditions. Changes in the stimulus electrode orientation result in marked changes in the muscle response during conduction velocity tests. This phenomenon has not been investigated in any systematic fashion. In order to quantitatively study these effects, both theoretically and experimentally, a number of tools and techniques had to first be selected or developed that include: (i) a sufficiently realistic model of the myelinated nerve fiber and nerve trunk that, for the first time in electrical nerve excitation studies, incorporates information associated with anatomically consistent fiber diameter distributions; (ii) a more realistic model of the tissue surrounding this nerve trunk that includes electrical anisotropy; (iii) a field simulation technique used to determine the potential fields at the nerve fiber surfaces (with different diameters and electrode distances) resulting from stimulus pulses with different pulse widths; (iv) two novel sets of experiments, the first of which is used to stimulate a nerve trunk in vivo and from the resulting electrical response, determine the diameters of the nerve fibers that have "fired" under conditions of variable stimulus pulse width, the second of which is used to study the effect of electrode orientation on the stimulus response. The techniques outlined above facilitate a quantitative comparison between experimental and simulation results for the stimulus current pulse width studies as opposed to purely qualitative comparisons that have been reported in the literature. A novel instrument design prototype is presented based on the electrode orientation experiment, that can be used to standardize stimulus electrode orientation for multiple EMG (Electromyography) tests performed on a single subject at different times. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Recent historiography of India has focused much needed attention on rural economy and society. The literature has dealt with a number of issues, such as merchants, credit, impact of communications, land-tenure (revenue), rural politics, rich peasants and general essays on the ‘agrarian structure’ of various regions of the sub-continent. In many of the studies a common theme emerges. It is suggested that with the establishment of an integrated market economy in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries rural wealth and power tended to concentrate in the hands of relatively few rich peasants or a rural elite. In the case of south India, the contention of increased rural stratification on these lines is most convincingly put forth by David Washbrook and Christopher Baker in a series of articles and books. The present analysis will concentrate on Washbrooks' writings in reference to the agrarian structure of the ‘dry’ districts. His works provide the most comprehensive and coherent statement of the ‘rural magnate’ interpretation of agrarian organization.

This study of self-perception and achievement among Black adolescents surveyed 248 thirteen- and fourteen-year-old eighth graders in 1980 who were previously surveyed as ten- and eleven-year-old fifth graders in 1977. The major devel opmental dimensions investigated were stability—whether or not these youngsters exhibited self-perception and/or achievement patterns of an erratic turmoil ridden or con tinuous nature, and chunge—the nature of the differences found in self-perception and achievement between the pre- adolescent and adolescent periods. Data are presented also on the White youngsters included in the survey. The objec tive of providing these data is to assess whether adolescent development occurs differently in Black and White Ameri can culture. Along this line the problematic tradition of generalizing to Black children, the patterns of cognition and performance found in White children, and some ideological problems of critical importance to an emerging "Black" psychology are discussed. The findings indicate that the developmental pattern of Black adolescents may be charac terized as one of positive instability. Some reasons are presented why adolescent development may differ across cultural (racial) lines, and further study of the possibility is urged.

This presentat ion is a review of the ILA concept and considers (1) major insulin assays; description, comparison, and variation of results; (2) location of circulating ILA in the plasma proteins by various technics; (3) types of ILA: “free-bound,” “typical-atypical,” “suppressiblenonsuppressible,” “NSILA,” and other forms; (4) inhibitory or antagonistic factors: synalbumin-antagonistic albumin and nonesterified fatty acids; and (5) the ILA concept with respect to vascular membranes and the glucose transport theory. Also included are data comparing insulin levels obtained by the major assays, types of ILA-insulin levels and properties of the various forms of insulin.

This study examines the evaporation from a lichen-dominated upland ridge, a swamp and a shallow lake in the Hudson Bay lowlands evaluated by the energy-budget and equilibrium model approaches. Energy-budget calculations reveal that on average 54, 66 and 55 percent of the daily net radiation is utilized in the evaporative process over the ridge, swamp and lake surfaces respectively. For the ridge half-hourly and daily values of evaporation were approximated closely by equilibrium estimates, while for the other surfaces close approximation was achieved by the Priestley and Taylor (1972) model where the ratio of actual to equilibrium evaporation equals 1.26. A simple model, expressed in terms of incoming solar radiation and the screen height air temperature, is developed for each surface from the comparison of actual to equilibrium evaporation. Tests of the models at different locations indicate that the actual evaporation can be estimated on a daily basis within 6 percent for dry upland and saturated lowland swamp surfaces, while for shallow lakes, the evaporation can be determined within 10 percent over periods of two weeks. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

The equation as derived by F.R. Buskirk and J.R. Neighbours for the power in the diffraction pattern of Cerenkov radiation from periodic bunches in air is experimentally tested at the Naval Postgraduate School Accelerator Laboratory (NPSAL). Previous experiments done at NPSAL are briefly reviewed. The experiment focuses on reducing RF noise and introduces a method for recording experimental data. RF noise is divided into two categories: (1) Noise received directly at the antenna; and (2) noise picked up by the cabling. Category 1 is divided into two subcategories: (a) Cerenkov radiation received by the antenna after being reflected off secondary objects; and (b) residual klystron radiation. Experimental data curves from the third harmonic are compared to theoretical patterns for various finite emission lengths and angle shifts. The data demonstrates that noise-generated fine structure which appeared in a previous experiment at NPSAL can be eliminated with increased shielding. Keywords: Periodic electron bunches; Diffraction pattern http://archive.org/details/cerenkovradiatio1094521187 Commander, United States Navy Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

I. A mammalian cell mutant of the Chinese hamster ovary cell line (designated tsH1) was shown by Thompson et al (1973) to have a temperature-sensitive leucyl-tRNA synthetase. At 40°C, a non-permissive temperature, protein synthesis continued at about 1% of the rate at 34°C, a permissive temperature. The possibility that this synthesis represented mitochondrial protein synthesis was confirmed by the following observations: a) the protein synthesis at 40°C, but not at 34°C, was sensitive to tevenel, a specific inhibitor of mitochondrial protein synthesis; b) protein synthesis by isolated mitochondria from tsH1 was not temperature-sensitive; c) [¹⁴C]leucine incorporation at 40°C was located specificially in the mitochondrial fraction; d) [¹⁴C]leucine incorporation into the mitochondrial fraction of tsH1 at 40°C was sensitive to tevenel but not cycloheximide; e) the pattern of mitochondrial proteins synthesized at 40°C on SDS-polyacrylamide gels is very similar to those synthesized at 34°C in the presence of the inhibitor of cytosolic protein synthesis, cycloheximide. These results, together with the demonstration of three species of leucyl-tRNA in hamster liver mitochondria different from the four cytosolic species (by RPC-5 chromatography), suggest that tsH1 mitochondria contain a unique, non-temperature-sensitive leucyl-tRNA synthetase. This cell line may prove to be very useful in the analysis of mammalian mitochondrial protein synthesis in the absence of inhibitors. II. Interspecies somatic cell hybrids offer a unique system for the study of interactions between mitochondria and the nucleus. This is possible because one can distinguish mitochondrial components of the parental species, as well as the chromosomes of the parental species. In an attempt to characterize the difference between hamster mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and human mtDNA, a comparison of buoyant densities of the two mtDNAs was made. It was found that human mtDNA was more dense than hamster mtDNA by 0.008 g/cc. One human-hamster hybrid cell was examined and found to have mtDNA with a density similar to hamster mtDNA. This result, together with observations reported previously from this laboratory, should now allow the analysis of human-hamster hybrid cells for the maintenance and expression of mtDNA from the parental species. Protein synthesis in mammalian cell mitochondria is initiated with fMet-tRNA^(met, f), the formyl group being most likely donated by N¹⁰ formyl H₄ folate. Methotrexate, which depletes the C₁-H₄ folate pools by inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase, might block the formylation reaction, inhibiting mitochondrial protein synthesis and indirectly cell growth. L cells grown is suspension culture were found to grow normally in the presence of 5 X 10ˉ⁵ M mathotrexate when supplied with metabolites whose synthesis requires the C₁-H₄ folate pools. Preincubation for 15 min with 10ˉ⁴ M methotrexate does not affect the subsequent formylation of mitochondrial initiator tRNA. Also, there is no effect on the synthesis of N-formylmethionylpuromycin in L cells grown for 160 hr in the presence of 5 x 10ˉ⁶ M methotrexate, nor in KB cells grown for 72 hr in its presence. These results demonstrate that cell growth, the formylation of mitochondrial initiator tRNA and the initiation of mitochondrial protein synthesis are not inhibited by methotrexate when cells are supplied with metabolites whose de novo synthesis requires C₁-H₄ folate pools. The mechanism of continued formylation in the presence of methotrexate is not known. The thymidine kinase deficient, LMTK cell line incorporates BUdR specifically into mtDNA. The possibility that this specific incorporation of BUdR would induce mutations of the mitochondrial genome was investigated. Preliminary evidence suggests BUdR is effective in increasing the frequency of tevenel resistant cells, however, a large fraction of the LMTKˉ cell population studied ( 4 - 9 x 10ˉ⁵) shows resistance to tevenel without BUdR treatment and these cells have been chosen for study. After growth in suspension culture for 5 days in 100 μg tevenel/ml and subsequent plating in 100 μg tevenel/ml, LMTKˉ cells yielded resistant clones. As a control, L cells treated identically, yielded resistance clones. Three of the resistant clones were studied. Each resistant cell line had an identical growth rate in the presence and absence of 100 μg tevenel/ml; whereas, LMTKˉ ceased growing after 2 or 3 generations in 100 μg tevenel/ml. By plating efficiency analysis the resistant cells were found to be cross-resistant to D-chloramphenicol. The change responsible for resistance was found to be stable for at least 100 generations in the absence of the drug. Protein synthesis by isolated mitochondria of resistant cells was found to be less inhibited by concentrations of both tevenel and D-chloramphenicol up to 200 μg/ml than the protein synthesis by LMTKˉ mitochondria. This resistance in vitro was not changed by incubation of the mitochondria in 0.01% Triton X-100. These results suggest, but do not prove, that the resistant cells are mutants of the mitochondrial genome and that LMTKˉ cells may be important in the isolation of other mutants of mitochondrial function. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

This paper documents a series of experimental impedance measurements made on underground residential distribution (URD) power components which included 15 KV class power cables, elbow connectors and a padmount transformer. The measurements were performed at high frequency, i.e. the MHz frequency region. The purpose was to study how the impedance of these devices behaves at high frequencies. Two port transmission parameters and network analysis were used to study the characteristics of these types of systems at these high frequencies.

Constant stress creep tests were performed in vacuo on alpha titanium in various thermomechanical treatments. At 500°C and 527°C annealed alpha titanium exhibits an anomalous creep arrest in the initial portion of the creep curve. After this creep arrest the creep curves swept up to a true steady state creep rate. This anomalous behavior is attributed to dynamic strain aging. The effect vanishes due to interstitial solute depletion as the interstitials are swept from the lattice by moving dislocations. The prestrained and recovered samples tested at 60006 did not show a creep arrest. This is attributed to even distribution of interstitials on the recovered dislocation substructure making dynamic strain aging less effective. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy indicates that the tilt boundaries of the recovery structure can break down during the initial portion of the creep curve releasing mobile dislocations. In steady state all conditions tested developed a dislocation subgrain substructure. The tendency for dislocation subboundaries to inhabit specific planes is not as marked as it is in the recovered structure. Master of Science

Correlation of marker levels in serum and plasma.

Expression levels of biomarker candidates in serum collected from patients with NSCLC (nâ =â 94) and healthy volunteer controls (nâ =â 189).

Panther-based classification of protein class for candidate lung cancer markers (nâ =â 179).

Panther-based classification of protein pathways comparing lung cancer markers identified in tissues and cell lines.