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2. Outcomes of critically ill solid organ transplant patients with COVID-19 in the United States

Author

Molnar, Miklos Z., Bhalla, Anshul, Azhar, Ambreen, Tsujita, Makoto, Talwar, Manish, Balaraman, Vasanthi, Sodhi, Amik, Kadaria, Dipen, Eason, James D., Hayek, Salim S., Coca, Steven G., Shaefi, Shahzad, Neyra, Javier A., Gupta, Shruti, Leaf, David E., Kovesdy, Csaba P., Walther, Carl P., Anumudu, Samaya J., Arunthamakun, Justin, Kopecky, Kathleen F., Milligan, Gregory P., McCullough, Peter A., Nguyen, Thuy‐Duyen, Krajewski, Megan L., Shankar, Sidharth, Pannu, Ameeka, Valencia, Juan D., Waikar, Sushrut S., Kibbelaar, Zoe A., Athavale, Ambarish M., Hart, Peter, Upadhyay, Shristi, Vohra, Ishaan, Oyintayo, Ajiboye, Green, Adam, Rachoin, Jean‐Sebastien, Schorr, Christa A., Shea, Lisa, Edmonston, Daniel L., Mosher, Christopher L., Shehata, Alexandre M, Cohen, Zaza, Allusson, Valerie, Bambrick‐Santoyo, Gabriela, Bhatti, Noor ul aain, Mehta, Bijal, Williams, Aquino, Brenner, Samantha K., Walters, Patricia, Go, Ronaldo C., Rose, Keith M., Hernán, Miguel A., Lisk, Rebecca, Zhou, Amy M., Kim, Ethan C., Chan, Lili, Mathews, Kusum S., Altman, Deena R., Saha, Aparna, Soh, Howard, Wen, Huei Hsun, Bose, Sonali, Leven, Emily A., Wang, Jing G., Mosoyan, Gohar, Nadkarni, Girish N., Pattharanitima, Pattharawin, Gallagher, Emily J., Friedman, Allon N., Guirguis, John, Kapoor, Rajat, Meshberger, Christopher, Kelly, Katherine J., Parikh, Chirag R., Garibaldi, Brian T., Corona‐Villalobos, Celia P., Wen, Yumeng, Menez, Steven, Malik, Rubab F., Cervantes, Carmen Elena, Gautam, Samir C., Mallappallil, Mary C., Ouyang, Jie, John, Sabu, Yap, Ernie, Melaku, Yohannes, Mohamed, Ibrahim, Bajracharya, Siddhartha, Puri, Isha, Thaxton, Mariah, Bhattacharya, Jyotsna, Wagner, John, Boudourakis, Leon, Nguyen, H. Bryant, Ahoubim, Afshin, Kashani, Kianoush, Tehranian, Shahrzad, Thomas, Leslie F., Sirganagari, Dheeraj Reddy, Guru, Pramod K., Zhou, Yan, Bergl, Paul A., Rodriguez, Jesus, Shah, Jatan A., Gupta, Mrigank S., Kumar, Princy N., Lazarous, Deepa G., Kassaye, Seble G., Melamed, Michal L., Johns, Tanya S., Mocerino, Ryan, Prudhvi, Kalyan, Zhu, Denzel, Levy, Rebecca V., Azzi, Yorg, Fisher, Molly, Yunes, Milagros, Sedaliu, Kaltrina, Golestaneh, Ladan, Brogan, Maureen, Kumar, Neelja, Chang, Michael, Thakkar, Jyotsana, Raichoudhury, Ritesh, Athreya, Akshay, Farag, Mohamed, Schenck, Edward J., Cho, Soo Jung, Plataki, Maria, Alvarez‐Mulett, Sergio L., Gomez‐Escobar, Luis G., Pan, Di, Lee, Stefi, Krishnan, Jamuna, Whalen, William, Charytan, David, Macina, Ashley, Chaudhry, Sobaata, Wu, Benjamin, Modersitzki, Frank, Srivastava, Anand, Leidner, Alexander, Martinez, Carlos, Kruser, Jacqueline M., Wunderink, Richard G., Hodakowski, Alexander J., Velez, Juan Carlos Q., Price‐Haywood, Eboni G., Matute‐Trochez, Luis A., Hasty, Anna E., Mohamed, Muner MB, Avasare, Rupali S., Zonies, David, Leaf, David E, Sise, Meghan E., Newman, Erik T., Omar, Samah Abu, Pokharel, Kapil K., Sharma, Shreyak, Singh, Harkarandeep, Correa, Simon, Shaukat, Tanveer, Kamal, Omer, Wang, Wei, Yang, Heather, Boateng, Jeffery O., Lee, Meghan, Strohbehn, Ian A., Li, Jiahua, Mueller, Ariel L., Redfern, Roberta E., Cairl, Nicholas S., Naimy, Gabriel, Abu‐Saif, Abeer, Hall, Danyell, Bickley, Laura, Rowan, Chris, Madhani‐Lovely, Farah, Peev, Vasil, Reiser, Jochen, Byun, John J., Vissing, Andrew, Kapania, Esha M., Post, Zoe, Patel, Nilam P., Hermes, Joy‐Marie, Sutherland, Anne K., Patrawalla, Amee, Finkel, Diana G., Danek, Barbara A., Arikapudi, Sowminya, Paer, Jeffrey M., Cangialosi, Peter, Liotta, Mark, Radbel, Jared, Puri, Sonika, Sunderram, Jag, Scharf, Matthew T., Ahmed, Ayesha, Berim, Ilya, Vatson, Jayanth S., Anand, Shuchi, Levitt, Joseph E., Garcia, Pablo, Boyle, Suzanne M., Song, Rui, Arif, Ali, Zhang, Jingjing, Woo, Sang Hoon, Deng, Xiaoying, Katz‐Greenberg, Goni, Senter, Katharine, Sharshir, Moh’d A., Rusnak, Vadym V, Ali, Muhammad Imran, Peters, Terri, Hughes, Kathy, Bansal, Anip, Podoll, Amber S., Chonchol, Michel, Sharma, Sunita, Burnham, Ellen L., Douin, David J., Rashidi, Arash, Hejal, Rana, Judd, Eric, Latta, Laura, Tolwani, Ashita, Albertson, Timothy E., Adams, Jason Y., Chang, Steven Y., Beutler, Rebecca M., Schulze, Carl E., Macedo, Etienne, Rhee, Harin, Liu, Kathleen D., Jotwani, Vasantha K., Koyner, Jay L., Shah, Chintan V., Jaikaransingh, Vishal, Toth‐Manikowski, Stephanie M., Joo, Min J., Lash, James P., Chaaban, Nourhan, Elias, Madona, Ahmad, Yahya, Iardino, Alfredo, Au, Elizabeth H., Sharma, Jill H., Sosa, Marie Anne, Taldone, Sabrina, Contreras, Gabriel, Zerda, David De La, Fornoni, Alessia, Gershengorn, Hayley B., Blakely, Pennelope, Berlin, Hanna, Azam, Tariq U., Shadid, Husam, Pan, Michael, Hayer, Patrick O’, Meloche, Chelsea, Feroze, Rafey, Kishan J. Padalia, Bitar, Abbas, Leya, Jeff, Donnelly, John P., Admon, Andrew J., Flythe, Jennifer E., Tugman, Matthew J., Chang, Emily H., Brown, Brent R., Leonberg‐Yoo, Amanda K., Spiardi, Ryan C., Miano, Todd A., Roche, Meaghan S., Vasquez, Charles R., Bansal, Amar D., Ernecoff, Natalie C., Kapoor, Sanjana, Verma, Siddharth, Chen, Huiwen, Hedayati, S. Susan, Nadamuni, Mridula V., Shastri, Shani, Willett, Duwayne L., Short, Samuel A.P., Renaghan, Amanda D., Enfield, Kyle B., Bhatraju, Pavan K., Malik, A. Bilal, Semler, Matthew W., Vijayan, Anitha, Joy, Christina Mariyam, Li, Tingting, Goldberg, Seth, Kao, Patricia F., Schumaker, Greg L., Goyal, Nitender, Faugno, Anthony J., Hsu, Caroline M., Tariq, Asma, Meyer, Leah, Kshirsagar, Ravi K., Jose, Aju, Weiner, Daniel E., Christov, Marta, Griffiths, Jennifer, Gupta, Sanjeev, Kapoor, Aromma, Wilson, Perry, Arora, Tanima, and Ugwuowo, Ugochukwu

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Critical Illness, medicine.medical_treatment, Comorbidity, 030230 surgery, Organ transplantation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Intensive care, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Pharmacology (medical), Hospital Mortality, Renal replacement therapy, Pandemics, Survival rate, Aged, Transplantation, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Acute kidney injury, COVID-19, Original Articles, Organ Transplantation, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, United States, Hospitalization, Survival Rate, Intensive Care Units, Relative risk, Propensity score matching, Original Article, Female, business, Follow-Up Studies, Cohort study
Abstract

National data on patient characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) solid organ transplant (SOT) patients are limited. We analyzed data from a multicenter cohort study of adults with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) at 68 hospitals across the United States from March 4 to May 8, 2020. From 4153 patients, we created a propensity score matched cohort of 386 patients, including 98 SOT patients and 288 non-SOT patients. We used a binomial generalized linear model (log-binomial model) to examine the association of SOT status with death and other clinical outcomes. Among the 386 patients, the median age was 60 years, 72% were male, and 41% were black. Death within 28 days of ICU admission was similar in SOT and non-SOT patients (40% and 43%, respectively; relative risk [RR] 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.70-1.22). Other outcomes and requirement for organ support including receipt of mechanical ventilation, development of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and receipt of vasopressors were also similar between groups. There was a trend toward higher risk of acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy in SOT vs. non-SOT patients (37% vs. 27%; RR [95% CI]: 1.34 [0.97-1.85]). Death and organ support requirement were similar between SOT and non-SOT critically ill patients with COVID-19.

Published
2020
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3. Betaine Attenuates Osteoarthritis by Inhibiting Osteoclastogenesis and Angiogenesis in Subchondral Bone

Author

Wang Yajun, Cui Jin, Gu Zhengrong, Fang Chao, Hu Yan, Weng Weizong, Li Xiaoqun, Zhou Qirong, Chen Huiwen, Zhang Hao, Guo Jiawei, Zhuang Xinchen, Sheng Shihao, Wang Sicheng, Chen Xiao, and Su Jiacan

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Angiogenesis, subchondral bone, Arthritis, Osteoarthritis, RM1-950, Matrix metalloproteinase, Pathogenesis, chemistry.chemical_compound, angiogenesis, Betaine, Osteoclast, Internal medicine, medicine, Pharmacology (medical), betaine, osteoclastogenesis, Original Research, Pharmacology, biology, medicine.disease, osteoarthritis, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, chemistry, Proteoglycan, biology.protein, Therapeutics. Pharmacology
Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type of arthritis with no effective therapy. Subchondral bone and overlying articular cartilage are closely associated and function as “osteo-chondral unit” in the joint. Abnormal mechanical load leads to activated osteoclast activity and increased bone resorption in the subchondral bone, which is implicated in the onset of OA pathogenesis. Thus, inhibiting subchondral bone osteoclast activation could prevent OA onset. Betaine, isolated from the Lycii Radicis Cortex (LRC), has been demonstrated to exert anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic and antiangiogenic properties. Here, we evaluated the effects of betaine on anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-induced OA mice. We observed that betaine decreased the number of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13)-positive and collagen X (Col X)-positive cells, prevented articular cartilage proteoglycan loss and lowered the OARSI score. Betaine decreased the thickness of calcified cartilage and increased the expression level of lubricin. Moreover, betaine normalized uncoupled subchondral bone remodeling as defined by lowered trabecular pattern factor (Tb.pf) and increased subchondral bone plate thickness (SBP). Additionally, aberrant angiogenesis in subchondral bone was blunted by betaine treatment. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that betaine suppressed osteoclastogenesis in vitro by inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and subsequent mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. These data demonstrated that betaine attenuated OA progression by inhibiting hyperactivated osteoclastogenesis and maintaining microarchitecture in subchondral bone.

Published
2021

4. Cardiovascular risk and work stress in biomedical researchers in China: An observational, big data study protocol

Author

Zhu, Fang, Zhang, Qian, Chen, Hao, Shi, Guocheng, Wen, Chen, Zhu, Zhongqun, and Chen, Huiwen

Subjects
Social and Information Networks (cs.SI), FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Computers and Society, education, Computers and Society (cs.CY), Computer Science - Social and Information Networks
Abstract

Introduction: Internet technologies could strengthen data collection and integration and have been used extensively in public health research. It is necessary to apply this technology to further investigate the behaviour and health of biomedical researchers. A browser-based extension was developed by researchers and clinicians to promote the collection and analysis of researchers' behavioural and psychological data. This protocol illustrates an observational study aimed at (1) characterising the health status of biomedical researchers in China and assessing work stress, job satisfaction, role conflict, role ambiguity, and family support; (2) identifying the association between work, behaviour, and health; and (3) investigating the association between behaviour and mental status. Our findings will contribute to the understanding of the influences of job, work environment, and family support on the mental and physical health of biomedical researchers. Methods and analysis: This is a prospective observational study; all candidates will be recruited from China. Participants will install an extension on their Internet browsers, which will collect data when they are accessing PubMed. A web-based survey will be sent to the user interfaces every 6 months that will involve sociodemographic variables, perceived stress scale, job satisfaction scale, role conflict and ambiguity scale, and family support scale. Machine-learning algorithms will analyse the data generated during daily access. Ethics and dissemination: This study received ethical approval from the ethics committee of the Shanghai Children's Medical Centre (reference number SCMCIRB-K2018082). Study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.

Published
2020
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5. In-hospital cardiac arrest in critically ill patients with covid-19: multicenter cohort study

Author

Hayek, Salim S, Brenner, Samantha K, Azam, Tariq U, Shadid, Husam R, Anderson, Elizabeth, Berlin, Hanna, Pan, Michael, Meloche, Chelsea, Feroz, Rafey, O’Hayer, Patrick, Kaakati, Rayan, Bitar, Abbas, Padalia, Kishan, Perry, Daniel, Blakely, Pennelope, Gupta, Shruti, Shaefi, Shahzad, Srivastava, Anand, Charytan, David M, Bansal, Anip, Mallappallil, Mary, Melamed, Michal L, Shehata, Alexandre M, Sunderram, Jag, Mathews, Kusum S, Sutherland, Anne K, Nallamothu, Brahmajee K, Leaf, David E, Malik, A Bilal, Abu-Saif, Abeer, Green, Adam, Ahoubim, Afshin, Oyintayo, Ajiboye, Jose, Aju, Athreya, Akshay, Jacobs, Alanna L, Fornoni, Alessia, Hodakowski, Alexander J, Leidner, Alexander S, Iardino, Alfredo, Friedman, Allon N, Renaghan, Amanda D, Leonberg-Yoo, Amanda K, Bansal, Amar D, Athavale, Ambarish M, Podoll, Amber S, Azhar, Ambreen, Patrawalla, Amee, Pannu, Ameeka, Zhou, Amy M, Admon, Andrew J, Vissing, Andrew, Vijayan, Anitha, Hasty, Anna E, Faugno, Anthony J, Saha, Aparna, Williams, Aquino, Rashidi, Arash, Mueller, Ariel L, Kapoor, Aromma, Tolwani, Ashita, Macina, Ashley, Tariq, Asma, Ahmed, Ayesha, Danek, Barbara A, Wu, Benjamin, Shukla, Bhavarth, Mehta, Bijal, Brown, Brent R, Garibaldi, Brian T, Schulze, Carl E, Walther, Carl P, Martinez, Carlos, Hsu, Caroline M, Corona-Villalobos, Celia P, Vasquez, Charles R, Shah, Chintan V, Parikh, Chirag R, Rowan, Chris, Schorr, Christa A, Joy, Christina Mariyam, Mosher, Christopher L, Meshberger, Christopher, Kovesdy, Csaba P, Weiner, Daniel E, Edmonston, Daniel L, Perry, Danny, Hall, Danyell, Charytan, David, De La Zerda, David, Zonies, David, Altman, Deena R, Lazarous, Deepa G, Zhu, Denzel, Sirganagari, Dheeraj Reddy, Pan, Di, Finkel, Diana G, Willett, Duwayne L, Price-Haywood, Eboni G, Schenck, Edward J, Cervantes, Carmen Elena, Au, Elizabeth H, Burnham, Ellen L, Leven, Emily A, Chang, Emily H, Gallagher, Emily J, Judd, Eric, Newman, Erik T, Yap, Ernie, Kapania, Esha M, Kim, Ethan C, Macedo, Etienne, Madhani-Lovely, Farah, Modersitzki, Frank, Contreras, Gabriel, Naimy, Gabriel, Bambrick-Santoyo, Gabriela, Nadkarni, Girish N, Mosoyan, Gohar, Katz-Greenberg, Goni, Schumaker, Greg L, Milligan, Gregory P, Nguyen, H Bryant, Rhee, Harin, Singh, Harkarandeep, Gershengorn, Hayley B, Yang, Heather, Soh, Howard, Wen, Huei Hsun, Chen, Huiwen, Shadid, Husam, Strohbehn, Ian A, Mohamed, Ibrahim, Berim, Ilya, Puri, Isha, Vohra, Ishaan, Kruser, Jacqueline M, Lash, James P, Krishnan, Jamuna, Radbel, Jared, Adams, Jason Y, Shah, Jatan A, Neyra, Javier A, Koyner, Jay L, Vatson, Jayanth S, Rachoin, Jean-Sebastien, Boateng, Jeffery O, Paer, Jeffrey M, Flythe, Jennifer E, Griffiths, Jennifer, Rodriguez, Jesus, Li, Jiahua, Ouyang, Jie, Sharma, Jill H, Wang, Jing G, Zhang, Jingjing, Reiser, Jochen, Guirguis, John, Byun, John J, Donnelly, John P, Wagner, John, Levitt, Joseph E, Hermes, Joy-Marie, Velez, Juan Carlos Q, Valencia, Juan D, Arunthamakun, Justin, Thakkar, Jyotsana, Bhattacharya, Jyotsna, Sedaliu, Kaltrina, Prudhvi, Kalyan, Pokharel, Kapil K, Senter, Katharine, Kelly, Katherine J, Liu, Kathleen D, Kopecky, Kathleen F, Rose, Keith M, Kashani, Kianoush, Padalia, Kishan J, Hess, Kristen M, Enfield, Kyle B, Golestaneh, Ladan, Bickley, Laura, Latta, Laura, Meyer, Leah, Boudourakis, Leon, Thomas, Leslie F, Chan, Lili, Shea, Lisa, Matute-Trochez, Luis A, Gomez-Escobar, Luis G, Elias, Madona, Plataki, Maria, Thaxton, Mariah, Sosa, Marie Anne, Liotta, Mark, Christov, Marta, Mallappallil, Mary C, Tugman, Matthew J, Scharf, Matthew T, Semler, Matthew W, Brogan, Maureen, Roche, Meaghan S, Krajewski, Megan L, Sise, Meghan E, Lee, Meghan, Chang, Michael, Chonchol, Michel, Hernán, Miguel A, Molnar, Miklos Z, Yunes, Milagros, Joo, Min J, Sharshir, Moh’d A, Farag, Mohamed, Fisher, Molly, Nadamuni, Mridula V, Gupta, Mrigank S, Ali, Muhammad Imran, Mohamed, Muner MB, Ernecoff, Natalie C, Kumar, Neelja, Cairl, Nicholas S, Patel, Nilam P, Goyal, Nitender, ul aain Bhatti, Noor, Chaaban, Nourhan, Kamal, Omer, Garcia, Pablo, Kao, Patricia F, Walters, Patricia, O’ Hayer, Patrick, Pattharanitima, Pattharawin, Bergl, Paul A, Bhatraju, Pavan K, Wilson, Perry, McCullough, Peter A, Cangialosi, Peter, Hart, Peter, Guru, Pramod K, Kumar, Princy N, Feroze, Rafey, Kapoor, Rajat, Hejal, Rana, Kshirsagar, Ravi K, Lisk, Rebecca, Beutler, Rebecca M, Levy, Rebecca V, Wunderink, Richard G, Raichoudhury, Ritesh, Redfern, Roberta E, Go, Ronaldo C, Malik, Rubab F, Song, Rui, Avasare, Rupali S, Mocerino, Ryan, Spiardi, Ryan C, Hedayati, S Susan, Taldone, Sabrina, John, Sabu, Abu Omar, Samah, Anumudu, Samaya J, Gautam, Samir C, Short, Samuel AP, Woo, Sang Hoon, Kapoor, Sanjana, Gupta, Sanjeev, Kassaye, Seble G, Alvarez-Mulett, Sergio L, Goldberg, Seth, Tehranian, Shahrzad, Shastri, Shani, Sharma, Shreyak, Upadhyay, Shristi, Anand, Shuchi, Bajracharya, Siddhartha, Verma, Siddharth, Shankar, Sidharth, Correa, Simon, Chaudhry, Sobaata, Bose, Sonali, Puri, Sonika, Cho, Soo Jung, Arikapudi, Sowminya, Lee, Stefi, Toth-Manikowski, Stephanie M, Coca, Steven G, Menez, Steven, Chang, Steven Y, Sharma, Sunita, Waikar, Sushrut S, Boyle, Suzanne M, Arora, Tanima, Ferreira, Tanira, Shaukat, Tanveer, Johns, Tanya S, Nguyen, Thuy-Duyen, Albertson, Timothy E, Li, Tingting, Miano, Todd A, Ugwuowo, Ugochukwu, Rusnak, Vadym V, Allusson, Valerie, Jotwani, Vasantha K, Peev, Vasil, Jaikaransingh, Vishal, Cruz, Vivian S, Wang, Wei, Whalen, William, Deng, Xiaoying, Ahmad, Yahya, Zhou, Yan, Melaku, Yohannes, Azzi, Yorg, Wen, Yumeng, Cohen, Zaza, Kibbelaar, Zoe A, and Post, Zoe

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Pneumonia, Viral, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, law.invention, Cohort Studies, Betacoronavirus, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Intensive care, Humans, Medicine, Hospital Mortality, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Asystole, Pandemics, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Research, Incidence (epidemiology), COVID-19, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Intensive care unit, United States, Heart Arrest, Intensive Care Units, Pneumonia, Pulseless electrical activity, Emergency medicine, Female, Coronavirus Infections, business, Cohort study
Abstract

Objectives To estimate the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes associated with in-hospital cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation in critically ill adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). Design Multicenter cohort study. Setting Intensive care units at 68 geographically diverse hospitals across the United States. Participants Critically ill adults (age ≥18 years) with laboratory confirmed covid-19. Main outcome measures In-hospital cardiac arrest within 14 days of admission to an intensive care unit and in-hospital mortality. Results Among 5019 critically ill patients with covid-19, 14.0% (701/5019) had in-hospital cardiac arrest, 57.1% (400/701) of whom received cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Patients who had in-hospital cardiac arrest were older (mean age 63 (standard deviation 14) v 60 (15) years), had more comorbidities, and were more likely to be admitted to a hospital with a smaller number of intensive care unit beds compared with those who did not have in-hospital cardiac arrest. Patients who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation were younger than those who did not (mean age 61 (standard deviation 14) v 67 (14) years). The most common rhythms at the time of cardiopulmonary resuscitation were pulseless electrical activity (49.8%, 199/400) and asystole (23.8%, 95/400). 48 of the 400 patients (12.0%) who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation survived to hospital discharge, and only 7.0% (28/400) survived to hospital discharge with normal or mildly impaired neurological status. Survival to hospital discharge differed by age, with 21.2% (11/52) of patients younger than 45 years surviving compared with 2.9% (1/34) of those aged 80 or older. Conclusions Cardiac arrest is common in critically ill patients with covid-19 and is associated with poor survival, particularly among older patients.

Published
2020
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6. The Study of Knowledge and Attitudes of Students in Chinese Universities Towards Canadian Political and Local Issues

Author

Chen, Huiwen

Subjects
Public Administration, Chinese-Canadian Relations
Abstract

This paper provides a specific perspective of Chinese-Canadian relations by studying the knowledge and attitudes of Chinese students towards Canadian political and local issues. The data and conclusions presented are based on 134 questionnaires that analyze the level of knowledge and attitudes the participants had and what factors contributed to this. The findings reveal that the participants had very little knowledge about Canada and fairly negative attitudes towards Canada, compared to other countries such as the United States, Japan, and the United Kingdom. Moreover, certain factors, such as sex, place of birth, and proficiency with English, impacted the level of knowledge and attitudes among the participants.

Published
2015

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