Search

INTRODUCTION: Image recognition technology has immense potential to be applied in industrial energy systems for energy conservation. However, the low recognition accuracy and generalization ability under actual operation conditions limit its commercial application. OBJECTIVES: To improve the recognition accuracy and generalization ability, a novel image recognition method integrating deep learning and domain knowledge was applied to assist energy saving and emission reduction for industrial energy systems. METHODS: As a typical industrial scenario, the defrosting control in the refrigeration system was selected as the specific optimization object. By combining deep learning algorithm with domain knowledge, a residual-based convolutional neural network model (RCNN) was proposed specifically for frosty state recognition, which features the residual input and average pooling output. Based on the real-time recognition of frosty levels, a defrosting control optimization method was proposed to initiate and terminate the defrosting operation on demand. RESULTS: By combining the advanced image recognition technique with specific energy domain knowledge, the proposed RCNN enables both high recognition accuracy and strong generalization ability. The recognition accuracy of RCNN reached 95.06% for the trained objects and 93.67% for non-trained objects while that of only 75.86% for the conventional CNN. By adopting the presented system optimization method assisted by RCNN, the defrosting frequency, accumulated time and energy consumption were 53.8%, 57.02% and 34.5% less than the original control method. Furthermore, the environmental and cost analysis illustrated that the annual reduction in CO(2) emissions is 2145.21 to 3412.84 kg and the payback time was less than 2.5 years which was far below the service life. CONCLUSION: The technical feasibility and significant energy-saving benefits of deep learning-based image recognition method were demonstrated through the field experiment. Our study shows the great application potential of image recognition technology and promotes carbon neutrality in industrial energy systems.

Flexible connection between the wall and the frame can improve the seismic performance of the structure, thus minimizing the pushing effect of the infill wall on the main frame. Masonry infill walls with flexible connection have lower out-of-plane stability than walls with rigid connection. However, local collapses are more likely to occur. A comparative study was conducted on the load-carrying capacity, initial stiffness, deformation and ductility of different wall structures based on a monotonous static load test, and the out-of-plane mechanical properties exhibited by flexible masonry infill walls were investigated. A simplified separated finite element model of masonry infill wall was built in accordance with the test results, and then the monotone out-of-plane static loading was performed. The structural configuration, the wall-frame connection method, and the spacing between structural columns were found to have significant effects on the out-of-plane mechanical behavior of the infill wall. The wall structural configuration was found to have the strongest effect, followed by the wall-frame connection method. Under the conditions of flexible connection, when the wall structure was in the “grid-beam” form, and the spacing between structuring columns was 2.5–3.0 m, the frame-infill wall was found with the best restraint effect, so the optimal out-of-plane comprehensive mechanical performance would be achieved.

BackgroundIt is reported that insulin resistance widely exists in non-diabetic patients with a recent history of transient ischemic attack (TIA) or ischemic stroke. There is currently strong evidence to prove the bidirectional effect of glucose metabolism disorders and stroke events. Therefore, it is necessary to retrospectively tease out the current status, hotspots, and frontiers of insulin resistance and ischemic cerebrovascular disease through CiteSpace.Materials and methodsWe searched the Web of Science (WOS) for studies related to insulin resistance and ischemic cerebrovascular disease from 1999 to April 2022, then downloaded the data into CiteSpace to generate a knowledge visualization map.ResultsA total of 1,500 publications relevant to insulin resistance and ischemic cerebrovascular disease were retrieved. The USA had the most articles on this topic, followed by PEOPLES R CHINA and JAPAN. WALTER N KERNAN was the most prolific author, whose research mainly focused on insulin resistance intervention after stroke (IRIS) trial. The most common keywords were myocardial ischemia, metabolic syndrome, ischemic stroke, cerebral ischemia, association, oxidative stress, inflammation, and adipose tissue. Major ongoing research trends include three aspects: (1) the association between insulin resistance and ischemic cerebrovascular disease in non-diabetic patients, (2) the intrinsic pathological mechanism between insulin resistance and ischemic cerebrovascular disease, and (3) early intervention of insulin resistance to improve the prognosis of stroke.ConclusionThe results of this bibliometric study provide the current status and trends of clinical research publications in the field of insulin resistance and ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Insulin resistance is strongly associated with the occurrence of ischemic stroke, early neurological deterioration in stroke patients, post-stroke depression, and cerebral small vessel disease. Early treatment of insulin resistance can be an effective way to prevent the onset of ischemic stroke and improve stroke prognosis. This study may help researchers to identify hot topics and explore new research directions.

We present detailed studies on exciton-photon coupling and polariton emission based on a poly(1,4-phenylenevinylene) copolymer, Super Yellow (SY), in a series of optical microcavities and optoelectronic devices, including light-emitting diode (LED) and light-emitting transistor (LET). We show that sufficiently thick SY microcavities can generate ultrastrong coupling with Rabi splitting energies exceeding 1 eV and exhibit spectrally narrow, nearly angle-independent photoluminescence following lower polariton (LP) mode dispersion. When the microcavity is designed with matched LP low-energy state and exciton emission peak for radiative pumping, the conversion efficiency from exciton to polariton emission can reach up to 80%. By introducing appropriate injection layers in a SY microcavity and optimizing the cavity design, we further demonstrate a high-performance ultrastrongly coupled SY LED with weakly dispersive electroluminescence along LP mode and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 2.8%. Finally, we realize an ultrastrongly coupled LET based on vertical integration of a high-mobility ZnO transistor and a SY LED in a microcavity, which enables a large switching ratio, uniform emission in the ZnO pattern, and LP mode emission with a maximum EQE of 2.4%. This vertical LET addresses the difficulties of achieving high emission performance and precisely defining the emission area in typical planar LETs, and opens up the possibility of applying various strongly coupled emitters for advanced polariton devices and high-resolution applications.

Nuclear energy plays an important role in the green low-carbon energy. The lead-based reactor is one of the most popular small modular reactor types. The pre-conceptual design of a 100 MW(e) small modular lead-bismuth eutectic cooled reactor was developed by Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research & Design Institute CO., LTD. to meet the market demand of advanced small-scale nuclear plant. Representative accidents were analyzed for the 100 MW(e) small modular lead-bismuth reactor using ATHLET/MOD 3. The result shows that under the design basis conditions, the performance of the reactor can meet the safety criteria with the protection system working normally. The coolant solidification in the primary circuit under these transients should be prevented. Under the design extension condition, the highest cladding temperature is much lower than the melting point. In the unprotected reactivity insertion condition, there may be a short time of local melting of the fuel, which also meet the acceptance criteria. The safety analysis demonstrated the passive safety of the design with the negative temperature coefficient, strong natural circulation capability, and the passive residual heat removal system.

Supplement 1

A methyl regulation strategy is proposed and verified to balance the optical and thermal properties of aromatic polyimides.

Utilization of Freon-type methanes as functional one-carbon synthons in the synthesis of various deuterated indoline alkaloids was demonstrated here. A series of halomethyl radicals were generated from electro-reductive C-X cleavage of Freon-type methanes and captured efficiently by acrylamides to provide various halogenated oxindoles

In this paper, we propose a brain–computer interface (BCI)-based Human-in-the-Loop (Hit-Loop) agent for human and artificial intelligence (AI) colearning in music listening and appreciation with an Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) application. The novel BCI-based Hit-Loop agent contains human intelligence with BCI-based AIoT-Fuzzy Markup Language (FML) and BCI-FML agents, as well as machine intelligence with AI-FML Hit-Loop and AIoT-FML agents. We used FML to facilitate communication between humans and the AI-FML robots through an AIoT-FML Learning Tool (AIoT-FML-LT), which was the core technology of the AI-FML Hit-Loop agent for the BCI-based music listening and appreciation application. Furthermore, the novel AIoT-FML-LT in conjunction with the BCI-FML and AIoT-FML agents was developed and presented for music listening and student learning. Moreover, the BCI-based AIoT-FML and AI-FML Hit-Loop agents were applied in English language learning, and the AIoT-FML-LT assisted in measuring student learning performance in Taiwan and Japan. The human-like high-level knowledge base and rule base were constructed by various domain experts, as well as the personalized electroencephalography (EEG) and student English learning data sets collected using the BCI device and AIoT-FML-LT, respectively, and were applied to machine learning models such as deep learning and particle swarm optimization. Additionally, the AIoT-FML-LT was connected to the AIoT-FML Hit-Loop agent for human and robot colearning. The relationship between human perceptions and the AIoT-FML Hit-Loop agent in terms of eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body, and brain corresponding to sights, sounds, smells, tastes, objects of touch, and mind are discussed. Finally, the students learned human language and AI language by using the AI-FML robots and AIoT-FML-LT together with the human English learning and AI-FML machine learning models, respectively. The experimental results reveal that the BCI-based Hit-Loop agent for human and AI-FML robot colearning in conjunction with AIoT applications can effectively facilitate music listening and appreciation application as well as English listening in Taiwan and Japan. The learning behavior and performance of the students also improved after incorporation of the human and robot colearning model.

Weibel-type instability can self-generate and amplify magnetic fields in both space and laboratory plasmas with temperature anisotropy. The electron Weibel instability has generally proven more challenging to measure than its ion counterpart owing to the much smaller inertia of electrons, resulting in a faster growth rate and smaller characteristic wavelength. Here, we have probed the evolution of the two-dimensional distribution of the magnetic field components and the current density due to electron Weibel instability, in $\rm CO_2$-ionized hydrogen gas (plasma) with picosecond resolution using a relativistic electron beam. We find that the wavenumber spectra of the magnetic fields are initially broad but eventually shrink to a narrow spectrum representing the dominant quasi-single mode. The measured $k$-resolved growth rates of the instability validate kinetic theory. Concurrently, self-organization of microscopic plasma currents is observed to amplify the current modulation magnitude that converts up to $\sim 1\%$ of the plasma thermal energy into magnetic energy., 24 pages, 4 figures

ObjectiveTo analyze the efficacy and safety of three novel hypoglycemic agents, glucagon-like peptidyl-1 receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i), and sodium-glucose cotransporter two inhibitors (SGLT2i) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) (defined in this study as CKD stage 3 B or above, eGFR< 45 mL/min/1.73 m²) based on important RCTs to date.MethodsWe retrieved studies published before April 15, 2022, from EMBASE, PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and included randomized controlled trials in which the participants were patients with T2DM and severe CKD. Frequentist methods were used in the network meta-analysis.ResultsNineteen studies of 17 trials involving 6,607 participants met our inclusion criteria. Compared with placebo and DPP-4i, SGLT2i demonstrated a significantly lower incidence of serious renal-related adverse events or renal death, and the odds ratios (OR) were 0.69 (0.58, 0.81) and 0.63 (0.40, 1.00), respectively. Compared with placebo, SGLT2i significantly reduced the incidence of all-cause death and severe AE; the ORs were 0.72 (0.55, 0.94) and 0.65 (0.47, 0.91), respectively. Compared with placebo, DPP-4i significantly reduced the level of HbA1c, and the difference between mean changes from baseline was -0.36 (-0.63, -0.09).ConclusionsPatients with T2DM complicated by severe CKD may benefit from SGLT2i. SGLT2i can reduce the incidence of serious renal-related AEs or renal death, as well as severe side effects, and has a positive effect on the patient’s renal function and survival, even for only CKD patients can also be considered. GLP-1 RAs can be used as a supplement if blood sugar control is poor. For dialysis patients, DPP-4i can assist blood glucose control, reduce insulin dosage, and reduce the risk of hypoglycemia.Systematic review registrationINPLASY https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2021-12-0106/, identifier INPLASY2021120106.

Astragalus Membranaceus (AM) is widely applied in Chinese herbal compound formulas for treating various kinds of diseases. However, relative pharmacokinetics data on AM in nonrodents is still lacking. Here, an UPLC-MS/MS method for determining the six main compounds of AM was developed. The chromatographic separation was carried out by a Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) with gradient elution of water-formic acid (99.98:0.02, v/v) and acetonitrile-formic acid (99.98:0.02, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.3 ml/min within 11 min. Analyses of all compounds were conducted in multiple reaction monitoring mode with a positive/negative ion-switching mode of an electrospray ionization source in a single run. The analytical method was validated in terms of specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, stability, etc. The method showed excellent linearity (r 0.999) over certain concentration ranges. The intra-day and inter-day precisions were evaluated, and the RSD values were12.4%. Furthermore, the validated method was successfully applied to determine the six components in plasma after oral administration of AM aqueous extract to beagle dogs and the pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained. Together, this study provides a reference for medication in the clinical practice of AM.

Background: The Global Matrix 4.0 on physical activity (PA) for children and adolescents was developed to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the global variation in children’s and adolescents’ (5–17 y) PA, related measures, and key sources of influence. The objectives of this article were (1) to summarize the findings from the Global Matrix 4.0 Report Cards, (2) to compare indicators across countries, and (3) to explore trends related to the Human Development Index and geo-cultural regions. Methods: A total of 57 Report Card teams followed a harmonized process to grade the 10 common PA indicators. An online survey was conducted to collect Report Card Leaders’ top 3 priorities for each PA indicator and their opinions on how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted child and adolescent PA indicators in their country. Results: Overall Physical Activity was the indicator with the lowest global average grade (D), while School and Community and Environment were the indicators with the highest global average grade (C+). An overview of the global situation in terms of surveillance and prevalence is provided for all 10 common PA indicators, followed by priorities and examples to support the development of strategies and policies internationally. Conclusions: The Global Matrix 4.0 represents the largest compilation of children’s and adolescents’ PA indicators to date. While variation in data sources informing the grades across countries was observed, this initiative highlighted low PA levels in children and adolescents globally. Measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, local/international conflicts, climate change, and economic change threaten to worsen this situation.

The effect of platelet-rich plasma on nerve regeneration remains controversial. In this study, we established a rabbit model of sciatic nerve small-gap defects with preserved epineurium and then filled the gaps with platelet-rich plasma. Twenty-eight rabbits were divided into the following groups (7 rabbits/group): model, low-concentration PRP (2.5-3.5-fold concentration of whole blood platelets), medium-concentration PRP (4.5-6.5-fold concentration of whole blood platelets), and high-concentration PRP (7.5-8.5-fold concentration of whole blood platelets). Electrophysiological and histomorphometrical assessments and proteomics analysis were used to evaluate regeneration of the sciatic nerve. Our results showed that platelet-rich plasma containing 4.5-6.5- and 7.5-8.5-fold concentrations of whole blood platelets promoted repair of sciatic nerve injury. Proteomics analysis was performed to investigate the possible mechanism by which platelet-rich plasma promoted nerve regeneration. Proteomics analysis showed that after sciatic nerve injury, platelet-rich plasma increased the expression of integrin subunit β-8 (ITGB8), which participates in angiogenesis, and differentially expressed proteins were mainly enriched in focal adhesion pathways. Additionally, two key proteins, ribosomal protein S27a (RSP27a) and ubiquilin 1 (UBQLN1), which were selected after protein-protein interaction analysis, are involved in the regulation of ubiquitin levels in vivo. These data suggest that platelet-rich plasma promotes peripheral nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve injury by affecting angiogenesis and intracellular ubiquitin levels.

Physical inactivity is a persistent and worsening population health concern in Asia. Led by the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance, Global Matrix (GM) initiative provides an opportunity to explore how regional and cultural differences across 18 Asian countries relate to physical activity (PA) participation among children and adolescents.To synthesize evidence from the GM2.0 to GM4.0 (2016-2022) in Asian countries.Report Card grades on behavioral/individual and sources of influence indicators were reported from 18 Asian countries. Letter grades were converted into numerical values for quantitative analyses. Based on this, cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were conducted to investigate patterns and trends. Qualitative evidence synthesis was performed based on Report Card grades and published papers to identify gaps and suggest future recommendations.In total, 18 countries provided grades for at least one round of GM, 12 countries provided grades for at least two rounds, and seven countries provided grades for all three GMs. Of possible grades, 72.8%, 69.2%, and 76.9% of the grades were assigned from GM 2.0 to GM 4.0, respectively. In terms of the Report Card grades, there was a slight decrease in behavioral/individual indicators from "D+" in GM 2.0 to "D-" in GM 3.0 but this reverted to "D" in GM 4.0. For the sources of influence, a "C" grade was given in all three rounds of GM. Longitudinal observation of seven Asian countries that provided grades in all three rounds of GM revealed that grades are generally stable for all indicators with some country-specific fluctuations. In future GM initiatives and research, considerations should be made to provide more accurate and rich data and to better understand contextual challenges in evaluating certain indicators such as Active Transportation, Active Play, and Physical Fitness in particular. Further, macro level factors such as socioeconomic/cultural disparities and gender-specific barriers, ideology, or climate change should also be proactively considered in future research as these factors are becoming increasingly relevant to indicators of GM and United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals.Participation from Asian countries in GM has increased over the years, which demonstrates the region's enthusiasm, capacity, and support for global PA promotion efforts. The efforts to promote a physically active lifestyle among children and adolescents should be a collective interest and priority of the Asia region based on the gaps identified in this paper.

An efficient and direct carbonylation of aminoquinoline benzamides has been developed using abundant and inexpensive Ni(OAc)

Juice sac granulation is a common internal physiological disorder of citrus fruit. In the present study, we compared the physiochemical characteristics and transcriptome profiles of juice sacs in different granulation levels from Huyou fruit (Citrus changshanensis). The accumulation of cell wall components, including the water-soluble pectin, protopectin, cellulose, and lignin, were significantly correlated with the granulation process, resulting in the firmness increase of the juice sac. The in situ labeling of the cell wall components indicated the early accumulation of cellulose and high-methylesterified pectin in the outer layer cells, as well as the late accumulation of lignin in the inner layer cells of the juice sac. Several phytohormones, including auxins, abscisic acids, cytokinins, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and/or their metabolites, were positively correlated to the granulation level, indicating an active and complex phytohormones metabolism in the granulation process. Combining the trend analysis by the Mfuzz method and the module-trait correlation analysis by the Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis method, a total of 2940 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found to be positively correlated with the granulation level. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment indicated that the selected DEGs were mainly involved in the cell wall organization and biogenesis, cell wall macromolecule metabolic process, carbohydrate metabolic process, and polysaccharide metabolic process. Among these selected genes, those encoding β-1,4-xylosyltransferase IRX9, cellulose synthase, xyloglucan: xyloglucosyl transferase, xyloglucan galactosyltransferase MUR3, α-1,4-galacturonosyltransferase, expansin, polygalacturonase, pectinesterase, β-glucosidase, β-galactosidase, endo-1,3(4)-β-glucanase, endoglucanase and pectate lyase that required for the biosynthesis or structural modification of cell wall were identified. In addition, NAC, MYB, bHLH, and MADS were the top abundant transcription factors (TFs) families positively correlated with the granulation level, while the LOB was the top abundant TFs family negatively correlated with the granulation level.

/Objective: In Taiwan, physical inactivity is highly prevalent among children and adolescents. Chinese Taipei (Taiwan) joined the Global Matrix 3.0 in 2018 to share local data on childhood physical activity and related factors with the international community. This study reports the grades for 10 indicators endorsed by the Global Matrix 4.0 and 1 additional indicator.Local data for school-aged children and adolescents (approximately 5-17 years old) from 2017 to 2022 were used to determine the grades. The data were obtained from online academic databases and websites of government agencies. The highest priority was given to national surveys, followed by studies using nationally representative samples.The data revealed very poor Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport Participation, and Active Play (F, D-, and F, respectively). Active Transportation, Sedentary Behavior, and Family and Peers were also below average (C-, D+, and D-, respectively). Taiwan's central and local governments have recognized the importance of physical activity by implementing related policy and improving public sports facilities. Accordingly, School and Community and the Built Environment both received a grade of A-, and Government Strategies and Investments received a B+. Physical Fitness received an INC for lack of data. An additional indicator, body mass index, received a grade of B-.Despite great effort by governments and schools, physical activity levels are low and sedentary behavior is prevalent among Taiwanese children and adolescents.

The graphene-based composites was prepared by the oxidation of graphene nano-platelets. The characterization results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR) indicated that acid treatment can generate abundant functional groups on the surface of graphene. The determined equilibrium adsorption capacity of FGN for lead was 57.765 mg/g, which is higher than that of many currently reports. The adsorption process was completed within 40 min and the adsorption isotherms confirmed to Langmuir classical isotherms models.

In this paper, a coordinated driving motor speed and shifting motor displacement control strategy is proposed for the integrated motor-transmission (IMT) system during the gearshift process. For active speed synchronization of IMT system, speed reference to driving motor is redesigned by using a polynomial speed trajectory. Compared with conventional step speed change reference, it can help improve the ride performance of IMT system. While in the gear release as well as engagement phase, a robust optimal preview controller is developed for the shifting motor to realize rapid and reliable position tracking of the sleeve in spite of load disturbance. Based on real time value of the driving motor speed and also sleeve axial position, proposed speed and position controllers are coordinated in plan during the whole gearshift process. Co-simulations with Matlab/Simulink and AMEsim are conducted to demonstrate dynamical characteristics of the IMT system during the whole gear shifting process, in which a two-layer switching logic is built by using Matlab/Stateflow. Comparative simulation tests are carried out to show the effectiveness as well as performance of proposed control strategies.

Female carriers with X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (XL-CGD) who have

Bioinspired palladium-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of amino acid derivatives containing a vinyl iodide moiety by C-H activation enabled rapid access to a wide range of functionalized proline derivatives with an exocyclic olefin. To demonstrate the practicality of this methodology, the functionalized prolines were used as intermediates for the synthesis of several natural products: lucentamycin A, oxotomaymycin, oxoprothracarcin, and barmumycin.

A home advantage is present in most professional sports leagues. Spectators may be a major factor in home advantage, but empirical results have been mixed. Professional games were played without spectators during the 2020 season amid the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated home advantage in Major League Baseball (MLB) during 2020 as compared with the 2015–2019 seasons. A total of 13,044 regular-season games (898 in 2020 and 12,146 in 2015–2019) were analyzed. The sum of wins above replacement of all players was used as an indicator of team quality. The likelihood of a home-team win with spectators was not significantly different to that without spectators (odds ratio = 1.068; 95% confidence interval = 0.932–1.224, p > 0.05). The relative home advantage, percentage of home wins of total wins by a team in a specific season, was not significantly different across years, team quality, and attendance. Factorial analysis of variance models that included the variables of year, team quality, and attendance also revealed that none of these variables significantly affected the relative home advantage. The results suggest that spectators may not be an important factor of home advantage in MLB.

Most ocular diseases observed with cataract, chlamydia trachomatis, diabetic retinopathy, and uveitis, have their associations with environmental exposures, lifestyle, and habits, making their distribution has certain temporal and spatial features based essentially on epidemiology. Spatial epidemiology focuses on the use of geographic information systems (GIS), global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), and spatial analysis to map spatial distribution as well as change the tendency of diseases and investigate the health services status of populations. Recently, the spatial epidemic approach has been applied in the field of ophthalmology, which provides many valuable key messages on ocular disease prevention and control. This work briefly reviewed the context of spatial epidemiology and summarized its progress in the analysis of spatiotemporal distribution, non-monitoring area data estimation, influencing factors of ocular diseases, and allocation and utilization of eye health resources, to provide references for its application in the prevention and control of ocular diseases in the future.

Osimertinib is a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) and a star medication used to treat non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs). It has caused broad public concern that osimertinib has relatively low stability in plasma. We explored why osimertinib and its primary metabolites AZ-5104 and AZ-7550 are unstable in rat plasma. Our results suggested that it is the main reason inducing their unstable phenomenon that the Michael addition reaction was putatively produced between the Michael acceptor of osimertinib and the cysteine in the plasma matrix. Consequently, we identified a method to stabilize osimertinib and its metabolite contents in plasma. The assay was observed to enhance the stability of osimertinib, AZ-5104, and AZ-7550 significantly. The validated method was subsequently applied to perform the pharmacokinetic study for osimertinib in rats with the newly established, elegant, and optimized ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS) strategy. The assay was assessed for accuracy, precision, matrix effects, recovery, and stability. This study can help understand the pharmacological effects of osimertinib and promote a solution for the similar problem of other Michael acceptor-contained third-generation EGFR-TKI.

Juice sac granulation is a common internal physiological disorder of citrus fruit. In the present study, we compared the physiochemical characteristics and transcriptome profiles of juice sacs in different granulation levels from Huyou fruit (

Carbonate, tight sandstone, and shale reservoirs have many pore types, and the relationship between the porosity and elastic parameters is extremely discrete due to the complex pore shape. This paper presents a method for predicting reservoir pore types based on pore shape substitution. The pore shape substitution allows for accurately characterizing the changes in the elastic properties of the rock with the changes in pore shape, assuming there are no changes in terms of minerals, porosity, or fluids. By employing a multiple-porosity variable critical porosity model, the effective pore aspect ratio could be inverted from the velocities of the rock. To perform pore shape substitution, we could replace the effective pore aspect ratio with another pore aspect ratio or increase/decrease the volume content of different pore shapes. The reservoir pore types could be evaluated by comparing the differences in the reservoir velocities before and after the substitution of the pore shape. The test results pertaining to the theoretical model and the well logging data indicated that the pore shape substitution method could be applied to characterize pore types in terms of separating the effects of the pore shapes from the effects of the minerals, porosity, or fluids on the velocities.