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Based on the second integrable case of known two-dimensional Hamiltonian system with a quartic potential, we propose a 4 × 4 matrix spectral problem and derive a hierarchy of coupled KdV equations and their Hamiltonian structures. It is shown that solutions of the coupled KdV equations in the hierarchy are reduced to solving two compatible systems of ordinary differential equations. As an application, quite a few explicit solutions of the coupled KdV equations are obtained via using separability for the second integrable case of the two-dimensional Hamiltonian system.