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Additional file 3: Supplemental Figure 3. Aβ40 and Aβ42 concentration in circulation media. (a) Aβ40 and (b) Aβ42 levels in circulation media of tissue composed of EC and SCM (bipartite), EC, SMC and astrocyte (tripartite) and EC, SMC, astrocytes and neurons (NVU) after 1 or 3 weeks in culture were quantified by ELISA. Points in graphed data represent individual bioengineered vessels, bars represent mean, error bars represent ±SEM and analysed by one way ANOVA. Values below the detection of the ELISA are plotted in gray. * = p

Additional file 2: Supplemental Figure 2. Histological characterization and function of bioengineered arterial NVU. a) The histological structure of the arterial NVU was assessed by H&E staining. b) The astrocytes in arterial NVU were further analyzed with immunostaining against aquaporin 4 (AQ4). Barrier integrity was assessed by measuring permeability of 250 μg/ml of 4 kDa FITC-dextran circulated through the lumen for 2 h. Points in graphed data represent individual bioengineered vessels, bars represent mean, error bars represent ±SEM. ABL = antelumen.

Additional file 1: Supplemental Figure 1. Histological structure of human arterial NVU. a) Human cortex (Brodmann area 9) were stained against a) vWF (EC marker), αSMA (SMC marker) and GFAP (astrocyte marker) and against b) MAP 2 (neuron marker), αSMA (SMC marker) and GFAP (astrocyte marker) to visualize the cerebrovasculature.

Additional file 4: Supplemental Figure 4. Aβ and p-tau histology. Cryopreserved bioengineered arterial NVU were cut longitudinally to show a cross-section of the NVU wall. a) Immunohistochemistry against OC fibril confirmed the deposition of Aβ fibril both in the neuron layer (β-tub III positive, white arrow) as well as deeper in the vascular wall (blue arrows). b) The expression of Aβ was further investigated by staining against Aβ 1–16. Positive signal was found both deep in the vascular wall (white arrow) as well as co-localized within MAP 2 positive cells (yellow arrow). c) Immunohistochemistry against AT8 suggest the deposition of p-tau both within neuron (MAP 2 positive, yellow arrow) as well as extracellular (white arrow), purple arrow shows the remaining of the scaffold. Human brains were used as representative staining pattern. ABL = albumen.

A novel noncyclic crown-type diethoxycarbonyl glycoluril derivative receptor was synthesised and its crystal structure was obtained. The study of its binding behaviour towards neutral guests showed that it can bind hydroquinone, resorcinol and catechol.

Two new fluorescent molecular clips based on diethoxycarbonylglycoluril have been synthesised and their binding properties investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy to show that they can selectively bind Fe3+ with fluorescence quenching.

Objective To evaluate the toxicity and efficacy of irinotecan plus cisplatin neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for cervical cancer. Methods A total of 120 cases with cervical cancer were divided into 2 groups and retrospectively reviewed: Sixty FIGO IB2-IIB patients in NACT group were treated with 2 cycles of irinotecan 60mg/m 2 on days 1 and 8 plus cisplatin 60mg/m 2 on day 1 followed by surgery. Sixty FIGO IB2-IIB patients in control group were treated directly with surgery. Results The 60 patients in NACT group received a total of 120 cycles. Grades III and IV neutropenia and diarrhea were seen in 15.8% and 11.7%, respectively, of all chemotherapy cycles. Six (10.0%) patients achieved complete remission, 33 (55.0%) achieved partial remission, 21 (35.0%) remained stable, and none had disease progression. Postoperatively the deep cervical stromal invasion and positivity of surgical margins were significantly fewer in the NACT group. The pelvic lymph node metastasis rate of responders to NACT was significantly lower than that of non-responders (12.8% vs 38.1%). With a median follow-up of 29 and 30months, the intra-pelvic recurrence rate of the NACT group was significantly lower than that of the control group (3/60 vs 11/60, p =0.023), the 2-year recurrence-free survival and the 2-year overall survival was 82.3% and 86.1% in the NACT group, and 86.3%, 87.9% in the control group with no significant difference. Multivariate analysis showed that response to NACT was the only factor associated with survival ( p =0.036). Conclusion Irinotecan plus cisplatin NACT for cervical cancer has high efficacy and tolerable toxicity, and can significantly reduce the rates of deep cervical stromal invasion and positive surgical margins. Pelvic lymph node metastasis decreases significantly in responders compared with non-responders. The response to NACT can be considered as an independent prognostic factor.

Four novel unsymmetrical molecular clips derived from glycoluril have been designed and synthesised and the structure and conformation of one was also confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction.

While using continuous time neural network described by the E.Oja. learning rule (Oja-N) for computing real symmetrical matrix eigenvalues and eigenvectors, the initial vector must be on R n unit hyper-sphere surface, otherwise, the network may produce limit-time overflow. In order to get over this defect, a new neural network (lyNN) algorithm is proposed. By using the analytic solution of the differential equation of lyNN, the following results are received: If initial vector belongs to a space corresponding to certain eigenvector, the lyNN equilibrium vector will converge in this space; If initial vector does not fall into the space corresponding to any eigenvector, the equilibrium vector will belong to the space spanned by eigenvectors corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue. The initial vector maximum space for the lyNN equilibrium vector will fall into space spanned by eigenvectors corresponding to any eigenvalue received. If the initial vector is perpendicular to a known eigenvector, so is the equilibrium vector. The equilibrium vector is on the hyper-sphere surface decided by the initial vector. By using the above results, a method for computing real symmetric matrix eigenvalues and eigenvectors using lyNN is proposed, the validity of this algorithm is exhibited by two examples, indicating that this algorithm does not bring about limit-time overflow. But for Oja-N, if the initial vector is outside the unit hyper-sphere and the matrix is negatively determinant, the neural network will consequentially produce limit-time overflow. Compared with other algorithms based on optimization, lyNN can be realized directly and its computing weight is lighter.