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Antimicrobial resistance has brought great burden to global public health. Alternative strategies are needed to reduce the development of drug resistance. Herein, we have developed an effective synergistic antibacterial strategy combining low–temperature photothermal therapy (LT–PTT) with antibiotic therapy, improving the bactericidal efficiency to avoid antimicrobial resistance. Copper sulfide templated with bovine serum albumin (CuS–BSA) nanoparticles were selected as the photothermal agent, and co–loaded into the hydrogel (Gel) with mupirocin. The Gel could slow down the release rate of CuS–BSA and mupirocin, thereby prolonging the effective drug reaction time. More importantly, when applying near–infrared laser irradiation, the antibacterial activity of the platform could be enhanced greatly by LT–PTT effect of CuS–BSA nanoparticles. In vitro and in vivo results both confirmed that the antibacterial efficacy of the synergistic therapeutic strategy was improved greatly with complete bacterial removal. Overall, this platform has posed a potential strategy to reduce the development of drug resistance and improve patient compliance.

ObjectiveInfantile hemangioma (IH), the most common infantile vascular neoplasm, is uniquely characterized by rapid proliferation followed by slow spontaneous involution lasting for years. In IH lesions, perivascular cells are the most dynamic cell subset during the transition from the proliferation phase to the involution phase, and we aimed to systematically study this kind of cell.Methods and resultsCD146-selective microbeads were used to isolate IH-derived mural-like cells (HemMCs). Mesenchymal markers of HemMCs were detected by flow cytometry, and the multilineage differentiation potential of HemMCs was detected by specific staining after conditioned culture. CD146-selected nonendothelial cells from IH samples showed characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells with distinct angiogenesis-promoting effects detected by transcriptome sequencing. HemMCs spontaneously differentiated into adipocytes 2 weeks after implantation into immunodeficient mice, and almost all HemMCs had differentiated into adipocytes within 4 weeks. HemMCs could not be induced to differentiate into endothelial cells in vitro. However, 2 weeks after implantation in vivo, HemMCs in combination with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) formed GLUT1+ IH-like blood vessels, which spontaneously involuted into adipose tissue 4 weeks after implantation.ConclusionsIn conclusion, we identified a specific cell subset that not only showed behavior consistent with the evolution of IH but also recapitulated the unique course of IH. Thus, we speculate that proangiogenic HemMCs may be a potential target for the construction of hemangioma animal models and the study of IH pathogenesis.

Carboxylated graphene (CG) with functional group was blended with polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), CG enhanced the tensile, thermal properties, crystallinity and barrier performance of PPS. Through tensile test, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, evaluation of S. aureus inhibition, and barrier performance, the properties of pure PPS and PPS/CG nanocomposites were characterized and compared. The results showed that CG acted a role in heterogeneous nucleation and reinforcement. When the concentration of CG was 0.2%, the tensile strength, elongation at break, thermostability, crystallinity and water vapor permeability coefficients (WVPC) approached maximum values, and the microscopic morphology changed from the original brittle fracture to a relatively tough fracture. Compared with pure PPS, when CG was added to PPS at 0.2%, the tensile strength, elongation at break and WVPC of PPS were significantly increased by 23.9%, 17.2%, and 18.3% respectively. This improvement in barrier performance might be attributed to two reasons: (1) The presence of CG extended the penetration path of molecules; (2) The hydrogen bond from PPS matrix and CG nanofiller, so as to narrow the H2O transmission path. CG endows nanocomposites with antibacterial properties.

The coupling between extrinsic mortality and fast life history (LH) rests on the assumption that organisms’ internal traits and states are unrelated to their external environments. In reality, animals react to extrinsic mortality conditions as functions of their intrinsic vitality, which includes physical and mental states. This study investigated attachment as an internal mental state in mediating and moderating the association between external adversity and fast LH behavioral profile. A sample of 1169 adolescents (51% girls) from 9 countries was observed for 8 years from age 10. The results confirm both mediation and moderation and, for moderation, secure attachment nullified and insecure attachment maintained the environment-LH coupling. These findings suggest that attachment may contribute to the slowing of human LH.

BACKGROUND: MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is related to hypertension and cardiac remodelling. Left atrium (LA) dilation is highly sensitive to small haemodynamic changes in the left ventricle (LV) that are induced by hypertension. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between miR-21 expression and LA dilation in elderly patients with essential hypertension (EH). METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, one hundred elderly patients with EH were recruited for the study. According to their left atrium diameters (LADs), the patients were divided into the LA dilation group [42 patients (42%)] and the no-LA dilation group [58 patients (58%)]. The serum levels of miR-21 and chemical biomarkers used in the clinic, such as creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Lp(a), apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), and apolipoprotein B, were measured. All the patients underwent echocardiographic examination, and the LAD, interventricular septum (IVS), right atrium diameter (RAD), right ventricle diameter (RVD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVEDD) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured. RESULTS: The levels of miR-21 [8.02 (5.21, 14.39) vs. 6.05 (3.81, 8.95), P = 0.011] and LVEF (67.02 ± 3.82 vs. 64.14 ± 4.43, P = 0.001) were higher in the LA dilation group. The levels of creatinine [70.40 (64.45, 80.15) vs. 63.9(60.1, 73.43)], P = 0.020] were higher in the no-LA dilation group. The levels of HDLC (r = – 0.209, P = 0.037), apoA1 (r = –0.269, P = 0.007) and RAD (r = 0.203, P = 0.043) were significantly correlated with miR-21 expression. The LAD was significantly correlated with the RAD (r = 0.287, P = 0.004), RVD (r = 0.450, P < 0.001), LVEDD (r = 0.248, P = 0.013) and LVEF (r = 0.232, P = 0.020). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that miR-21 significantly influenced LA dilation in elderly patients with EH (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Circulating serum levels of miR-21 are increased in elderly patients with EH with LA dilation. miR-21 levels are significantly correlated with LA dilation in elderly patients with EH, and miR-21 may be a factor related to the clinical pathophysiological occurrence of and treatment for the progression of hypertension-related early heart damage in EH patients.

Primal world beliefs (“primals”) capture individuals’ basic understanding of what sort of world this is. For example, is the world dangerous or safe? Dull or enticing? Theory and research on primals have advanced over the last 10 years in personality and social psychology (e.g., Clifton et al., 2019), but the concept of primals is nascent in the study of development. How do primals form?

Primal world beliefs (“primals”) capture individuals’ basic understanding of what sort of world is this. For example, is the world dangerous or safe? Dull or enticing? Theory and research on primals have advanced over the last 10 years in personality and social psychology (e.g., Clifton et al., 2019), but the concept of primals is nascent in the study of development. How do primals form? Machine learning analytic techniques that can simultaneously examine, evaluate, and parse the predictive power of numerous individual, parent, family, and cultural factors at once, and therefore provide greater predictive flexibility than traditional analytic techniques, can overcome limitations of traditional inferential approaches (Dwyer et al., 2018). Utilizing machine learning techniques could allow us to identify the unique combination of individual, parent, family, and cultural characteristics experienced in childhood and adolescence that predict primals in early adulthood across cultures.

Previous research has shown that individuals in different cultures tend to use different reasons to justify their support or reluctance to support non-pharmaceutical responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study seeks to deepen our understanding of the roles of culture and societal concerns in moderating the relationships between the experiences of societal restrictive measures to prevent COVID-19 transmission (COVID-19 restrictions) and personal sense of control, and between personal sense of control and attitudes toward COVID-19 restrictions. Specifically, we hypothesize that both relationships would be stronger for collectivists than for individualists. The sample for this study will be about 800 Shanghai residents who have lately been subject to one of the harshest lockdowns this city has ever seen to battle a recent Omicron variant outbreak since March, 2022. Various online sampling methods (using the online groups formed by community members during the lockdown period) will be used to ensure the representativeness of the participants in terms of residing areas, age group, and living conditions (e.g., old apartment buildings, new apartment compounds, low-density residence like villas). Participants will be asked to complete an online questionnaire, which include self-report measures of cultural orientation (psychological collectivism, self-expression and distinctiveness), personal sense of control, experience of COVID-19 restrictions, attitudes toward COVID-19 restrictions (including perceived acceptability and necessity of COVID-19 preventive measures, and injustice in COVID-19 responses), satisfaction with COVID-19 responses in Shanghai, perceived societal controllability of COVID-19, personal infection experiences and negative impact of COVID-19, personal backgrounds (childhood resource insecurity and negative life events) as well as some demographic information.

The COVID-19 pandemic caught the world by surprise and raised many questions. One of the questions is whether infectious diseases indeed drive fast life history (LH) as the extent research suggests. This paper challenges this assumption and raises a different perspective. We argue that infectious diseases are not linearly related with LH strategies, but depending on the severity of the diseases, manifest either as intrinsic or extrinsic risks in enacting either slower or faster LH strategies and the related behavior.

The present work investigate women's sexual desire throughout the ovulatory cycle to re-conceptualize concealed ovulation.

Previous research has found that leadership preferences (between dominant and prestigious leaders) might be linked to personal traits of followers, including their life-history traits. The purpose of the present study is twofold. First, we seek to ascertain the effects of cognitive life-history traits (e.g., orientation towards planning and control) and emotional life-history traits (e.g., stable relationship with parents and friends) on leadership preferences. Secondly, we will examine potential mechanism of such effects, focusing on dangerous/competitive worldviews as potential mediators. This research will use a novel paradigm (Leadership Evaluation Task) to separate dominance and prestige as two distinctive dimensions of leader characteristic that might coexist in the same leader. Specifically, we will ask participants to evaluate different fictitious leaders after being presented with a speech and a social media profile of each leader. Leader dominance is represented by the wording and pitch of the speech, whereas leader prestige is represented by the follower statistics of the social media profile of the leader. This allow participants to separately evaluate four types of leaders: high dominance and high prestige (mixed leaders), high dominance and low prestige (dominant leaders), low dominance and high prestige (prestigious leaders), and low dominance and low prestige (mediocre leaders). In addition, the present research also takes into alternative predictors of leadership preferences. Compared with the cognitive and emotional life-history traits, power distance and competitive attitudes are more likely to be shaped by culture.

Different types of leader status require different leader qualities. Researchers believe that cost-inflicting affordances are related to dominance-based leadership whereas benefit-generating affordances are related to prestige-based leadership. This study examines whether general-status, cost-inflicting, and benefit-generating leader qualities are deemed equally or differentially important in different leader types and whether danger-focused and competition-focused world views predict people's expectation of various leader qualities in different types of leaders. This study will use a university-student sample with an approximately equal gender ratio. Participants will rate the importance of 18 leader qualities (6 general-status qualities, 6 cost-inflicting qualities, 6 benefit-generating qualities) for each of the four types of leaders: national political leader, business leader, university headmaster, and student association leader. They will also complete measures of danger-focused and competition-focused world views, as well as subjective social status and social desirability (as control variables).

One reason for the prevalence of prosocial behaviors in human society is that people are bound by social responsibility, defined as perceived social norms and obligations to help others. Unlike perceptions of mandatory rules with low ambiguity, people’s perception of social responsibility can be quite variable depending on the target of helping behaviors, the situation, and personal relationships and cultural backgrounds of the helper. Within homogenous societies, people would normally have similar expectations regarding social responsibility. In a culturally diverse environment (like universities with ethnically and internationally diverse students), however, implicit but impactful cross-cultural differences in perceived social responsibility can cause misunderstanding and mistrust, and undermine cooperation and teamwork. With increasingly globalized student admissions in universities in the United States (US), empirical research is needed to understand the potential effects of cultural backgrounds and social relationships on perceived social responsibility among college students. This online survey aims at investigating three key questions related to college students’ perceived social responsibility: a) Whether college students feel greater obligations to help strangers of the same race and ethnicity than strangers who are from different racial and ethnic backgrounds; b) Whether college students feel greater obligations to help close friends than new friends; c) Whether the aforementioned effects of in-group favoritism and highly invested friendship are moderated by individual differences in group-based interdependence and perceived relational mobility. In addition, we intend to explore whether college students’ out-group distance (attitudes toward interacting with people from different groups) and relationship quality (contact and support from family and friends) are associated with perceived social responsibility toward different targets (i.e., family, close friends, new friends, in-group strangers, and out-group strangers). We hope this study could yield important findings regarding variations of perceived social responsibility in a culturally diverse university environment, which can be used to promote inter-cultural communication and understanding. This study is a follow-up to a previous cross-cultural investigation of college students’ social responsibility in the United States, China, and Japan.

This study will attempt to replicate the findings of Study 1 of the same project and extend them from university students to a working adult sample. Different types of leader status require different leader qualities. Researchers believe that cost-inflicting affordances are related to dominance-based leadership whereas benefit-generating affordances are related to prestige-based leadership. This study examines whether general-status, cost-inflicting, and benefit-generating leader qualities are deemed equally or differentially important in different leader types and whether danger-focused and competition-focused world views predict people's expectation of various leader qualities in different types of leaders. This study will use a online community sample with an approximately equal gender ratio. Participants will rate the importance of 18 leader qualities (6 general-status qualities, 6 cost-inflicting qualities, 6 benefit-generating qualities) for each of the four types of leaders: national political leader, business leader, university headmaster, and business leader. They will also complete measures of danger-focused and competition-focused world views, as well as subjective social status and social desirability (as control variables).

This study is a follow-up to a previous study on the perception of social obligations (defined as perceived moral norm to help someone in need). It seeks to understand the reasons behind people’s perception of social obligations in China through an online task (adapted from previous studies). We propose four main sources of motivating and binding power for social obligations: a) autonomous choice based on personal conscience, b) social reward conferred by other people, c) the socially-imposed requirements of specific roles, and d) expected reciprocity. Participants will be asked to rate their perceived obligations in various situations and in relation to various targets (who have different relationships with the participants/potential helper) and a list of reasons for their judgments corresponding to the aforementioned four aspects. Participants will also complete self-report measures of in-group connectedness, out-group distance, independent self-construal, and group-based interdependence. Finally, we will ask participants to indicate the type of residence area (rural or urban) before they were 18, which will be used as a grouping variable that distinguish between Chinese individuals with deeper traditional influences (rural participants) and those with more exposure to Western cultures (urban participants).

The current research is a follow-up for a previous study on the moderating effects of collectivism on the relationships between experiences and impacts of COVID-19 restrictions and personal control, and between personal control and the attitudes toward disease-control measures. In this follow-up study, we seek to expand our understanding of the latter relationship to more generalized disease-control situations. In this online experiment, we systematically vary the virulence (between subjects) and the transmissibility (within subjects) of a fictional virus that are otherwise similar to COVID-19 and ask participants to rate their preferences for stricter or more relaxed disease-control measures. We will recruit 400 participants for this study via the Credamo online sampling service (https://www.credamo.com/home.html#/dataMarket). Participants will be asked to read a hypothetical scenario about a new virus outbreak before proceeding to rate their attitudes toward a few disease-control measures (common to similar epidemic situations) and scenarios about specific actions taken to prevent the spread of the virus. They will also complete self-report measures of psychological collectivism, self-distinctiveness, personal control, experience of COVID-19 restrictions, satisfaction with governments’ COVID-19 responses, perceived societal controllability of COVID-19, and some personal demographic information.

Bone regeneration is a comprehensive process that involves different stages, and various growth factors (GFs) play crucial roles in the entire process. GFs are currently widely used in clinical settings to promote bone repair; however, the direct application of GFs is often limited by their fast degradation and short local residual time. Additionally, GFs are expensive, and their use may carry risks of ectopic osteogenesis and potential tumor formation. Nanomaterials have recently shown great promise in delivering GFs for bone regeneration, as they can protect fragile GFs and control their release. Moreover, functional nanomaterials can directly activate endogenous GFs, modulating the regeneration process. This review provides a summary of the latest advances in using nanomaterials to deliver exogenous GFs and activate endogenous GFs to promote bone regeneration. We also discuss the potential for synergistic applications of nanomaterials and GFs in bone regeneration, along with the challenges and future directions that need to be addressed.

Direct depletion of lactate accumulated in the tumor microenvironment holds promise for cancer therapy, but remains challenging. Here we report a one‐pot synthesis of openwork@ dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (ODMSN) to address this problem. ODMSN self‐assembled through a time‐resolved lamellar growth mechanism feature an openworked core and a dendritic shell, both constructed by silica nanosheets of ~3 nm. With a large pore size, high surface area and pore volume, ODMSN exhibited a high loading capacity (> 0.7 g/g) of lactate oxidase (LOX) and enabled intratumoral lactate depletion by >99.9%, leading to anti‐angiogenesis, down‐regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor and increased tumor hypoxia. The latter event facilitates the activation of a co‐delivered prodrug for enhancing anti‐tumor and anti‐metastasis efficacy. This study provides an innovative nano‐delivery system and demonstrates the first example of direct lactate depletion enabled chemotherapy.

Following the global COVID-19 pandemic, nanotechnology has been at the forefront of research efforts and enables the fast development of diagnostic tools, vaccines and antiviral treatment for this novel virus (SARS-CoV-2). In this review, we first summarize nanotechnology with regard to the detection of SARS-CoV-2, including nanoparticle-based techniques such as rapid antigen testing, and nanopore-based sequencing and sensing techniques. Then we investigate nanotechnology as it applies to the development of COVID-19 vaccines and anti-SARS-CoV-2 nanomaterials. We also highlight nanotechnology for the post-pandemic era, by providing tools for the battle with SARS-CoV-2 variants and for enhancing the global distribution of vaccines. Nanotechnology not only contributes to the management of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic but also provides platforms for the prevention, rapid diagnosis, vaccines and antiviral drugs of possible future virus outbreaks.

In this study, a bacterial carbonic anhydrase (CA) was purified from Corynebacterium flavescens for the CO

Recently, a new family of "dendritic" mesoporous silica nanoparticles has attracted great interest with widespread applications. Despite a large number of publications (>800), the terminology of "dendritic" is ambiguous. Understanding what possible "dendritic structures" are, their formation mechanisms and the underlying structure-property relationship is fundamentally important. With the advance of characterization techniques such as electron tomography, two types of tree branch-like and flower-like structures can be distinguished, both described as "dendritic" in literature. In this review, we start with the definition of "dendritic", then provide critical analysis of reported dendritic silica nanoparticles according to their structural classification. We also update the understandings of the formation mechanisms of two types of "dendritic" nanoparticles, with a focus on how to control different structural parameters. Various applications of dendritic mesoporous nanoparticles are also reviewed with a focus in biomedical field, providing new insights into the structure-property relationship in this family of nanomaterials.

Tumor immunotherapy is an artificial stimulation of the immune system to enhance anti-cancer response. It has become a powerful clinical strategy for treating cancer. The number of immunotherapy drug approvals has been increasing in recent years, and many treatments are in clinical and preclinical stages. Despite this progress, the special tumor heterogeneity and immunosuppressive microenvironment of solid tumors made immunotherapy in the majority of cancer cases difficult. Therefore, understanding how to improve the intratumoral enrichment degree and the response rate of various immunotherapy drugs is key to improve efficacy and control adverse reactions. With the development of materials science and nanotechnology, advanced biomaterials such as nanoparticle and drug delivery systems like T-cell delivery therapy can improve effectiveness of immunotherapy while reducing the toxic side effects on non-target cells, which offers innovative ideas for improving immunity therapeutic effectiveness. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of tumor cell immune escape and focus on current immunotherapy (such as cytokine immunotherapy, therapeutic monoclonal antibody immunotherapy, PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, CAR-T therapy, tumor vaccine, oncolytic virus, and other new types of immunity) and its challenges as well as the latest nanotechnology (such as bionic nanoparticles, self-assembled nanoparticles, deformable nanoparticles, photothermal effect nanoparticles, stimuli-responsive nanoparticles, and other types) applications in cancer immunotherapy.

Additional file 4. High correlation between the two technical replicates. The scatterplot of two technical replicates treated with 20/80/160 Gy heavy ion irradiation.

Additional file 5. String analysis of 113 overlapped differential proteins in our dataset.

Additional file 7: Supplementary file1. Preparation for iTRAQ quantitative proteomics study, related to additional file 1

Additional file 6. KEGG and GO enrichment analysis of 452 differential proteins in our dataset.

Additional file 3. The Gaussian fitting curve of log2 ratio of the intensities of two replicates of 20/0 (A), 80/0 (B) and 160/0 (C). The red and blue curves represent the experimental and Gaussian fitting curve, respectively.

The wave propagation and power deposition in blue-core helicon plasma are computed referring to recent experiments. It is found that the radial profile of wave electric field peaks off-axis during the blue-core formation, and the location of this peak is very close to that of particle transport barrier observed in experiment; the radial profile of wave magnetic field shows multiple radial modes inside the blue-core column, which is consistent with the experimental observation of coherent high $m$ modes through Bessel function. The axial profiles of wave field indicate that, once the blue-core mode has been achieved, waves can only propagate inside the formed column with distinct phase compared to that outside. The wave energy distribution shows a clear and sharp boundary at the edge of blue-core column, besides which periodic structures are observed and the axial periodicity inside is nearly twice that outside. The dispersion relation inside the blue-core column exhibits multiple modes, a feature of resonant cavity that selects different modes during frequency variation, while the dispersion relation outside gives constant wave number with changed frequency. The power deposition appears to be off-axis in the radial direction and periodic in the axial direction, and mostly inside the blue-core column. Analyses based on step-like function theory and introduced blue-core constant provide consistent results. The equivalence of blue-core column to optical fiber for electromagnetic communication is also explored and inspires a novel application of helicon plasma, which may be one of the most interesting findings of present work.

Additional file 1. Preparation for iTRAQ quantitative proteomics study.

All countries distinguish between minors and adults for various legal purposes. Recent U.S. Supreme Court cases concerning the legal status of juveniles have consulted psychological science to decide where to draw these boundaries. However, little is known about the robustness of the relevant research, because it has been conducted largely in the U.S. and other Western countries. To the extent that lawmakers look to research to guide their decisions, it is important to know how generalizable the scientific conclusions are. The present study examines 2 psychological phenomena relevant to legal questions about adolescent maturity: cognitive capacity, which undergirds logical thinking, and psychosocial maturity, which comprises individuals' ability to restrain themselves in the face of emotional, exciting, or risky stimuli. Age patterns of these constructs were assessed in 5,227 individuals (50.7% female), ages 10-30 (M = 17.05, SD = 5.91) from 11 countries. Importantly, whereas cognitive capacity reached adult levels around age 16, psychosocial maturity reached adult levels beyond age 18, creating a "maturity gap" between cognitive and psychosocial development. Juveniles may be capable of deliberative decision making by age 16, but even young adults may demonstrate "immature" decision making in arousing situations. We argue it is therefore reasonable to have different age boundaries for different legal purposes: 1 for matters in which cognitive capacity predominates, and a later 1 for matters in which psychosocial maturity plays a substantial role. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Highlights • Lymphopenia and eosinopenia might be predictors of disease severity in COVID-19. • Lymphopenia and eosinopenia might be predictors of disease progression in COVID-19. • Clinical classification-severe type is the dependently risk factor for alteration of PBICs. • PBICs might be a sentinel, and it deserves attention during COVID-19 management., Background The underlying changes of peripheral blood inflammatory cells (PBICs) in COVID-19 patients are little known. Moreover, the risk factors for the underlying changes of PBICs and their predicting role in severe COVID-19 patients remain uncertain. Material and Methods This retrospective study including two cohorts: the main cohort enrolling 45 patients of severe type serving as study group, and the secondary cohort enrolling 12 patients of no-severe type serving as control group. The PBICs analysis was based on blood routine and lymphocyte subsets. The inflammatory cell levels were compared among patients according to clinical classifications, disease-associated phases, as well as one-month outcomes. Results Compared with patients of non-severe type, the patients of severe type suffered from significantly decreased counts of lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, but increased counts of neutrophils. These PBICs alterations got improved in recovery phase, but persisted or got worse in aggravated phase. Compared with patients in discharged group, the patients in un-discharged/died group suffered from decreased counts of total T lymphocytes, CD4+T lymphocytes, CD8+T lymphocytes, as well as NK cells at 2 weeks after treatment. Clinical classification-critically severe was the independently risk factor for lymphopenia (OR=7.701, 95%CI:1.265-46.893, P=0.027), eosinopenia (OR=5.595, 95%CI:1.008-31.054, P=0.049) and worse one-month outcome (OR=8.984; 95%CI:1.021-79.061, P=0.048). Conclusion Lymphopenia and eosinopenia may serve as predictors of disease severity and disease progression in COVID-19 patients, and enhancing the cellular immunity may contribute to COVID-19 treatment. Thus, PBICs might become a sentinel of COVID-19, and it deserves attention during COVID-19 treatment.

Biomaterials with suitable osteoimmunomodulation properties and ability to deliver osteoinductive biomolecules, such as bone morphogenetic proteins, are desired for bone regeneration. Herein, we report the development of mesoporous silica rods with large cone-shaped pores (MSR-CP) to load and deliver large protein drugs. It is noted that those cone-shaped pores on the surface modulated the immune response and reduced the pro-inflammatory reaction of stimulated macrophage. Furthermore, bone morphogenetic proteins 2 (BMP-2) loaded MSR-CP facilitated osteogenic differentiation and promoted osteogenesis of bone marrow stromal cells. In vivo tests confirmed BMP-2 loaded MSR-CP improved the bone regeneration performance. This study provides a potential strategy for the design of drug delivery systems for bone regeneration.[Figure not available: see fulltext.]

Nowadays, tissue engineering vascularisation has become an important means of organ repair and treatment of major traumatic diseases. Vascular endothelial layer regeneration and endothelial functionalisation are prerequisites and important components of tissue engineering vascularisation. The present researches of endothelial functionalisation mainly focus on tissue engineering scaffold preparation and implant surface modification. Few studies have reported the interaction of endothelial functionalisation and scaled materials, especially the nanomaterials. Magnesium (Mg), as an essential cytotropic active element in the human body, should promote the growth of endothelial cells. However, the authors’ previous work found that the Mg in the alloys had a defect of delayed endothelialisation, which may be attributed to the non‐uniform scales of the degradation products from Mg alloys. To validate this hypothesis and fabricate a novel nanomaterial for tissue engineering vascularisation, the authors prepared Mg‐doped hyaluronan (HA)/polyethyleneimine (PEI) nanoparticles for endothelial cells testing. Their data showed that the Mg‐doped HA/PEI nanoparticle with small scales (diameter

Deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) was successfully loaded and delivered by silver-doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN-Ag) for biofilm treatments. This nanoformulation showed enhanced antibacterial effects for both Gram-negative and Gram-positive biofilms by promoting the biofilm biomass dispersing ability of DNase I.

Effective removal of toxic mercury(II) from aqueous media is a primary challenge for public health and environmental protection. In this work, dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles modified with thiol moieties (denoted as TDMSNs) are used as nanoadsorbents to trap mercury(II) ions. It is demonstrated that the exceptionally high density and accessibility of thiol moieties are both necessary to achieve efficient mercury(II) decontamination. TDMSNs with the highest surface thiol group density of 283.2 μmol g−1 exhibit a Hg(II) adsorption capacity of 1502.4 mg g−1, outperforming reported thiolated adsorbents. The large and well-exposed mesopores of TDMSNs enable fast adsorption kinetics within 5 min to reduce the mercury(II) concentration from 10 ppm to below 2 ppb (US Environmental Protection Agency acceptable limit) which is faster than those in previous reports. Furthermore, the TDMSNs show adsorption stability in a wide range of pH and promising reusability performance (89% adsorption capacity maintenance after 5 reuses). Our contribution paves the way for the rational design of nanoadsorbents for efficient environmental pollutant remediation.

Affective computing is important for making computers smarter. When emotion can be quantified, machines can understand it. This study aims to apply affective computing to mental disorders, and to classify healthy people and mentally illnesses. For this purpose, 85 subjects, including major depressive disorder patients, schizophrenia patients, and health control people were recruited to participate in resting state functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) experiment. We measured the changes in oxygenated blood concentration in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). We then used three types of correlation analysis methods to construct the functional connectivity matrices: Pearson correlation analysis (CORR), amplitude squared coherence coefficient (COH), and phase locking value (PLV). We performed the small-world model and centrality analysis based on these matrices. The results demonstrated the existence of a small-world model in both patients and healthy people’s brain networks. Furthermore, features such as the characteristic path length and betweenness centrality extracted from the functional connectivity matrix are helpful for classifying patients and healthy people, thus providing a method for detecting and identifying mental disorders.

To evaluate the impact of the specially designed medical dressing screen during wound dressing changes for children aged 1-3 who experienced a burn on their hand or foot.Randomized controlled trial.The study was performed, between January 2019 - April 2019, at a Burn Outpatient Ward. A total of 52 outpatient children who had suffered burns were included in the clinical trial. The burn area of these participants accounted for 1-5% of the total body surface area. The children were randomly divided into two equal-sized groups, each receiving a different treatment. In the medical screen group (N = 26), a medical screen was used for children during the dressing changes. In the control group (N = 26), the children received only regular dressing changes. Pain level of the children during dressing change was the primary outcome, the satisfaction of children's parents and wound therapist were used as second outcomes. The Bonferroni method was used to perform pairwise comparisons of repeatedly measured data at different measurement times in two groups.The results showed that the medical screen group had better outcomes with respect to pain management during dressing changes; in addition, the satisfaction score of the wound therapist and children's parents presented also better outcomes compared with the control group.This study demonstrated application of the medical screen for burns can relieve the pain of 1 - 3-year old children experienced a burn during dressing changes. In addition, the application of the medical screen also increased the satisfaction of the child's parents and wound therapist. Registration NO: 1,900,020,953.Compared with conventional dressing methods, the medical screen can be used as a novel way to decrease the negative experience of burn patients ages 1-3 who require dressing changes.目的: 评价特制医用换药屏风对1-3岁手、足部烧伤患儿换药的影响。 设计: 随机对照试验。 方法: 本项研究于2019年1月至2019年4月在烧伤门诊病房进行。共有52名烧伤门诊儿童参加了临床试验。这些儿童的烧伤面积占全身表面积的1-5%。经随机分组,分成人数相等的两组患儿,每组接受不同的治疗方案。针对医用屏风组(N = 26),在儿童换药期间使用了医用屏风。而对照组(N = 2)中的儿童仅接受定期换药。研究主要以儿童在换药过程中的疼痛程度作为评价结果,其次为患儿父母和烧伤治疗人员的满意度。采用Bonferroni法对两组不同测量时间的重复测量数据进行配对比较。 结果: 结果表明,与对照组相比,医用屏风组在换药过程中的疼痛管理效果更好;此外,烧伤治疗人员和患儿父母的满意度评分也优于对照组。 结论: 本项研究证明,采用烧伤医用屏风可减轻1-3岁烧伤患儿换药过程中的疼痛。同时,使用医用屏风也提高了患儿父母和烧伤治疗人员的满意度。 注册号: 1900020953。 影响: 与传统换药方法相比,医用屏风可作为一种新型方案来降低1-3岁需换药的烧伤患儿的负面体验。.

Two new sesquiterpenes, including 7-epi-3-eudesmene-1β,11-diol (1) and (7S,10R)-11-hydroxy-4,5-seco-guai-1-ene-4-one (2); one new natural product (11-hydroxy-1-oxo-4β,5β,7β,10β-eremophilane); (3) and nine known compounds were isolated from the aerial parts of Hyssopus cuspidatus Boriss. Their structures as well as their absolute configurations were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses and quantum chemical calculations. Compounds 1 to 9 were tested to evaluate their inhibitory effects on NO production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Compounds 5 and 8 exhibited inhibitory effects, with IC50 values of 40.43 and 32.56 μM, respectively, compared to the positive control (i.e., dexamethasone, IC50 = 70.35 μM), and compound 4 exhibited a weaker activity, with an IC50 value of 112.56 μM.