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BackgroundAcquired cystic disease-associated renal cell carcinoma (ACD-RCC) is a new subtype listed by the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification, which occurred in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. This study will present the imaging characteristics of the four cases diagnosed with ACD-RCC. Ultrasound is expected to help detect abnormalities early in the follow-up of patients on regular dialysis, allowing patients to receive early treatment.Case presentationWe searched the pathology database of our hospital for all inpatients diagnosed with ACD-RCC between January 2016 and May 2022. Pathology, ultrasound, and radiology readings are performed by experienced physicians with the title of attending physician or higher. Four cases were included in this study, all of whom were male, aged from 17 to 59. Two cases suffered from ACD-RCC in both kidneys, and kidney nephrectomies were performed. One case underwent renal transplantation, whose creatinine was back to normal, and the rest were on hemodialysis. On the pathological images, heteromorphic cells and oxalate crystals can be seen. Both ultrasound and enhanced CT showed an enhancement of the solid component of the occupancy. We followed up with outpatient and telephone visits.ConclusionIn clinical work, ACD-RCC should be considered when the mass appears in the background of multiple cysts in the kidney in patients with ESRD. A timely diagnosis will help with treatment and prognosis.

Fluorine is present in the hydroxyapatite mineral in natural tooth enamel, which plays a key role in the prevention of dental caries. The aim of this study is to synthetize the fluorinated urchin-like serried hydroxyapatite(FnUHA) particles with different degrees of fluorine substitution and explore the effect of the fluorine element on the water absorption-solubility, mechanical strength, and biological activity of dental composites. The obtained FnUHA particles were further modified with 3-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane(γ-MPS) to get the silanized FnUHA(SFnUHA) particles, which were then used as the reinforcement for dental composites. The morphology, compositional elements, and structure of the FnUHA were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), X-ray diffractometer(XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), respectively. The mechanical properties of the SFnUHA reinforced composites with different filler loadings were measured with a universal testing machine. The results demonstrated that the 50%(mass fraction) SF5UHA filled composite exhibited the acceptable flexural strength and compressive strength, giving the respective improvements of 56.3% and 30.8% compared with those of the 50% SUHA filled composite. In addition, this composite also presented lower water absorption-solubility, better in vitro bioactivity, and excellent cell viability. Therefore, fluorinated hydroxyapatite is a promising filler to improve the mechanical properties and functionality of dental composites.

BackgroundManagement of menopausal dyslipidemia is the main measure to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women. Tonifying Kidney and Removing Dampness Formula (TKRDF) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula that ameliorates dyslipidemia in postmenopausal women. This study applied network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vitro and in vitro experiments to investigate the underlying mechanism of TKRDF against postmenopausal dyslipidemia.MethodsNetwork pharmacology research was first conducted, and the active compounds and targets of TKRDF, as well as the targets of postmenopausal dyslipidemia, were extracted from public databases. Protein–protein interaction (PPI), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were used to identify the potential targets and signaling pathways of TKRDF in postmenopausal dyslipidemia. Molecular docking was then performed to evaluate the combination of active compounds with principal targets. Finally, an ovariectomized rat model was used for the in vivo experiment and alpha mouse liver 12 (AML12) cells treated with palmitic acid were used for the in vitro experiments to provide further evidence for the research.ResultsBased on network pharmacology analysis, we obtained 78 active compounds from TKRDF that acted on 222 targets of postmenopausal dyslipidemia. The analysis results indicated that IL6, TNF, VEGFA, AKT1, MAPK3, MAPK1, PPARG and PIK3CA, etc., were the potentially key targets, and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was the possibly crucial pathway for TKRDF to treat postmenopausal dyslipidemia. Molecular docking suggested that the active compounds have good binding activity with the core targets. The in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that TKRDF ameliorates postmenopausal dyslipidemia by regulating hormone levels, inhibiting inflammation, promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting lipid synthesis, which appear to be related to TKRDF’s regulation of the ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.ConclusionThis study clarified the active ingredients, potential targets, and molecular mechanisms of TKRDF for treating postmenopausal dyslipidemia. It also provided a feasible method to uncover the scientific basis and therapeutic mechanism for prescribing TCM in the treatment of diseases.

Endowing dental composites with excellent interfacial bonding through filler surface modification is pivotal to improve the physical-mechanical property and prolong the life of composite fillings. In this study, methacrylate-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (MA-POSS) acts as a "molecular bridge" between the commonly used SiO2 particles and the methacrylate-based resin matrix via a thiol-ene click reaction to construct MA-POSS/SiO2 (p-SiO2) hybrid particles. Synthesized p-SiO2 exhibited the roughest surface morphology and had more polymerizable groups, in comparison with SiO2 and silanized SiO2. Furthermore, the p-SiO2 particles were used as a reinforcement to fabricate bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate/tri(ethyleneglycol) dimethacrylate-based dental composites, where the SiO2- and silanized SiO2-filled composites served as the control groups, and the filler loading was fixed at 65 wt %. Results of the mechanical properties indicated that the hybrid p-SiO2 particles significantly improved the flexural strength, flexural modulus, compressive strength, and work of fracture of dental composites, giving improvements of 251.2, 17.89, 122.3, and 1094%, respectively, over the SiO2-filled composites due to the strong interfacial interaction between the resin matrix and p-SiO2. Additionally, this optimal p-SiO2-loaded composite also presented better polymerization shrinkage, acceptable degree of conversion, curing depth, and cell viability. Grafting of MA-POSS onto a filler surface is a promising filler surface modification to improve the resin matrix/filler interfacial interaction, leading to the enhanced overall performance of composites.

Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) has been widely used clinically to detect fetal chromosomal aneuploidy with high accuracy rates, gradually replacing traditional serological screening. However, the application of NIPT for monogenic diseases is still in an immature stage of exploration. The detection of mutations in peripheral blood of pregnant women requires precise qualitative and quantitative techniques, which limits its application. The bioinformatic strategies based on the SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) linkage analysis are more practical, which can be divided into two types depending on whether proband information is needed. Hidden Markov Mode (HMM) and Sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) are suitable for families with probands. In contrast, methods based on databases and population demographic information are suitable for families without probands.In this study, we proposed a Spearman rank correlation analysis method to infer the fetal haplotypes based on core family information. Allele frequencies of SNPs that were used to construct parental haplotypes were calculated as sets of nonparametric variables, in contrast to their theoretical values represented by a fetal fraction (FF). The effects on the calculation of the fetal concentration of two DNA enrichment methods, multiple-PCR amplification, and targeted hybrid capture, were compared, and the heterozygosity distribution of SNPs within pedigrees was analyzed to reveal the best conditions for the model application.Predictions of the paternal haplotype inheritance were in line with expectations for both DNA library construction methods, while for maternal haplotype inheritance prediction, the rates were 96.55% for method multiple-PCR amplification and 95.8% for method targeted hybrid capture.Positive prediction rates showed that the maternal haplotype prediction was not as accurate as paternal one, due to the large amount of maternal noise in the mother's peripheral blood. Although this model is relatively immature, it provides a new perspective for noninvasive prenatal clinical tests of monogenic diseases.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table S1. List of target region genes in the 1021-gene panel.

Additional file 3: Supplementary Table S3. Baseline clinical and pathological characteristics of patients in the discovery cohort.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. The alignment of Imp amino acid sequences from different phytoplasmas. The alignment of Imp amino acid sequences from ROLP (WP_071345699.1), maize bushy stunt phytoplasma (WP_069028105.1), aster yellows phytoplasma (WP_130427454.1), rapeseed phyllody phytoplasma (QKX95641.1), chrysanthemum yellows phytoplasma (WP_034172217.1), 'Chrysanthemum coronarium' phytoplasma (WP_011160959.1), 'Elaeagnus angustifolia' witches’ broom phytoplasma (MBT1576836.1), porcelain vine witches’ broom phytoplasma (WP_219475381.1), mulberry dwarf phytoplasma (WP_227807050.1), and hydrangea phyllody phytoplasma (WP_212775527.1) was performed using DNAMAN. The amino acid sequences of polypeptide for IMP2 antibody generation were indicated by red box. Figure S2. Electron micrographs showing multiplication of ROLPs in rice phloem to produce offspring. a ROLPs of various sizes associated with Imp-specific antibody. b–d Budding strategy used by ROLPs to produce offspring. Cellular protrusions of ROLPs (b) are gradually enlarged to initiate the formation of a bud (c). Offspring are then produced by fission at their junctions (d). CP, cellular protrusion. Scale bars, 100 nm.

Objective The aim of this study is to explore the reinforcing effect and the antimicrobial activity of the core-mesoporous shell structured ZnO@m-SiO2, which possesses the micromechanical resin matrix/filler interlocking in dental composites, and to investigate the effect of filler compositions on their physical-mechanical properties. Methods ZnO@m-SiO2 was synthesized by a simple self-assembly method and then characterized by electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and N2 adsorption/desorption measurements. Mechanical properties of dental composites reinforced with ZnO@m-SiO2 and nonporous SiO2 particles were measured with a universal mechanical testing machine. Fracture morphologies of these composites were observed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and their antimicrobial activities were evaluated according to the ASTM E 2180-07 (2012) method. Resin composites containing unimodal silanized SiO2 were served as the control group. Results The impregnation of lower loading of ZnO@m-SiO2 (≤7 wt%) into dental composites including silanized SiO2 substantially increased their mechanical properties. Among all composites, the optimal composite Z7S63 (ZnO@m-SiO2: silanized SiO2 = 7:63, wt/wt, total filler loading 70 wt%) demonstrated the best flexural strength, flexural modulus and compression strength, which were increased by 121.2, 67.1 and 32.5%, respectively, in comparison with the control composite Z0S70. In addition, this optimal composite also exhibited superior antimicrobial activity (>99.9%) and acceptable degree of conversion, polymerization shrinkage and curing depth. Significance The incorporation of ZnO@m-SiO2 and silanized SiO2 as bimodal fillers led to the design and formulation of dental composites with excellent comprehensive performance, especially the improved mechanical properties and the superior antimicrobial activity.

Additional file 4: Table S3. Other pooled results of WHtR screening for CMRs in children and adolescents.

Additional file 6: Table S4. Pooled results of WHtR screening for CMRs by sex in children and adolescents.

Additional file 7: Table S5. Pooled results of WHtR screening for CMRs in East-Asian children.

Additional file 8: Table S6. Sensitivity analyses: pooled results of WHtR screening for clusters of CMR with identical components

Additional file 5: Figure S1-S14. The forest plots of pooled sensitivities, specificities, and odd diagnostic ratios in discriminating CMRs.

Additional file 2: Table S1. Results of diagnostic test extracting from eligible original articles.

Objective Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an aberrant lipid metabolism disease. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α) is a transcription factor which plays an important part in adapting lower oxygen condition. Here, we aimed to clarify the relationship between HIF-1α and NAFLD. Methods HepG2 cells was stimulated by oleic acid (OA) and palmitic acid (PA) to establish in vitro model of NAFLD. The expression of lipid metabolism-related genes, the binding of PPARα to HIF-1α promoter, the lipid deposition, and oxidative stress were detected by qRT-PCR, western blot, Chip assay, Oil Red O staining and ELISA assays, respectively. Results HIF-1α silence promoted lipid accumulation in NAFLD cells, accompanying by the significantly increased contents of TG (triglyceride) and ApoB (apolipoprotein B). In HepG2 cells treated with OA/PA, the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes and proteins, including APOE, A2m, TNFRSF11B, LDLr, and SREBP2, and the intracellular lipid deposition were up-regulated and further aggravated after silencing HIF-1α. In addition, the loss of HIF-1α could remarkably elevate MDA contents while inhibit the activities of beneficial antioxidant enzymes SOD and GSH-Px to activate oxidative stress, and promote the secretion of pro-inflammatory IL-6 and TNF-α to aggravate inflammation in NDFLD cells. PPARα positively bound to HIF-1α promoter. The silence of PPARα aggravated lipid deposition under normal or hypoxic environment in NAFLD cells. In addition, PPAR-α silence could decrease the expression of HIF-1α and ANGPTL4 in NAFLD cell model; moreover, the expression of APOE, A2m and TNFRSF11B and the production of TG and MDA were increased by PPAR-α suppression. Conclusion HIF-1α plays a crucial role in the regulation of lipid metabolism through activating PPAR-α/ANGPTL4 signaling pathway in NAFLD.

Objective Porous materials, especially porous silica particles are of great interest in different areas, and have applied in dental composites as inorganic fillers, due to their potential in constructing micromechanical interlocking at the filler-resin matrix interfaces. However, the facile and precise synthesis of hierarchical porous silica with graded sizes is still a great challenge. Methods Here, we synthesized dendritic porous silica (DPS) with center-radial hierarchical pores and controllable size ranging from 75 to 1000 nm by varying simultaneously the amounts of silica precursor and template in the microemulsion. A plausible nucleation-growth mechanism for the structural formation and the size tunability of the DPS particles was further put forward. These DPS particles were then formulated with Bis-GMA/TEGDMA resin. Results The particle size and morphology influenced the mechanical properties of dental composites. Particularly, DPS-500 particles (average size: 500 nm) exhibited the superior reinforcing effect, giving large improvements of 32.0, 96.7, 51.9, and 225.6% for flexural strength (SF), flexural modulus (EY), compressive strength (SC), and work of fracture (WOF), respectively, over the DPS-75 filled composite. All DPS filler sized exhibited similar degree of conversions and curing depths. Furthermore, the DPS-500 filled composite presented better cytocompatibility than commercial Z250 XT. Significance The facile synthesis of DPS particles developed here and the understanding of the influence of the filler size and morphology on the composite properties provide a shortcut to design porous silica with precise size control and dental composites with superior performance. These DPS particles could also have promising applications in biomedicine, catalysis, adsorption, and cancer therapy.

Ducks play an important role in transmitting and maintaining mammalian viruses in nature, and are a reservoir host of many animal viruses. We analyzed the fecal virome of four strains (A, B, C, and D) of ducks living in isolation by using metagenomic analysis. The feces of the ducks tested contained 18 animal virus families. The percentage values of RNA virus reads, compared to the total animal virus reads in each of the four strains were 96.96% (A), 97.30% (B), 98.01 (C), and 67.49% (D), and were mainly from Orthomyxoviridae, Mimiviridae, Bunyaviridae, Picobirnaviridae, and Reoviridae. Meanwhile, the minority of DNA virus reads were related to Herpesviridae, Adenoviridae, Iridoviridae, and other, low abundance viral families. The percentage values of Orthomyxoviridae, Mimiviridae, Bunyaviridae, Picobirnaviridae, and Herpesviridae reads were not significantly different among strains A, B, and C; however, there were marked differences in the abundance of these reads in strain D. In summary, this study provides an unbiased examination of the viral diversity in the feces of four strains of ducks in specific-pathogen-free periods, and highlights the variation in the percentage of viral families present. These results can be used as a reference for detecting duck viral pathogens and predicting zoonotic potential.

Background Apolipoprotein E (APOE ) is one of the main apolipoproteins playing important roles in the central neuronal system. The relationship between polymorphisms and cerebral palsy (CP) is contradictory.Methods The overall experimental studies of APOE polymorphisms and CP risk were researched. We conducted eligible studies identified from Elsevier Science Direct, PubMed, Springer Link, WEB OF SCIENCE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and WanFang Data up to February 2019 to make a systematic review.Results Totally 10 eligible studies were used to meta-analysis (1570 CP cases and 1982 subjects). Significant associations with CP were observed for APOE polymorphisms in allele (ε4: P < 0.001, OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.40 to 2.99; ε2: P = 0.04, OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.96) and dominant (E4 carriers: P = 0.004, OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.92) models in overall analyses. Interestingly, subgroup analysis indicated a significant increased risk for CP in Chinese patients of CP with APOE ε4 (P

A methane gas sensor based on the principle of non-optical infrared method (NDIR) was proposed. And STM32F103C8T6 single chip microcomputer was used as the core controller. The sensor design includes hardware part and software part. The hardware design is mainly aimed at the core circuit of the sensor. The stable driving circuit of the light source can improve the stability of infrared light and provide over-voltage protection to the circuit. The signal conditioning circuit can amplify and filter the weak electrical signal from pyroelectric detector. The method of combining software and hardware is used to reduce the influence of noise interference. Finally, through a large number of experimental tests, the error analysis and compensation of the sensor are carried out. The experimental results show that the sensor has a high measurement accuracy and the relative error less than 2%, which can realize the function of real-time measurement of methane gas.

In order to verify the accuracy of finite element method for detecting the strain distribution trend on steel strips of boneless wipers, a series of measures were taken. The strain values of eight points evenly distributed on the upper surface of a steel strip were measured experimentally. A finite element analysis of the model of a steel strip was performed using ANSYS 18.0 to obtain the strain values of these eight points. Comparing the simulated strain values with the experimental measurements, it is found that the distribution trends of two is consistent, but the simulated strain value of each point is much smaller than the experimental measurement. The reason for this error is that the influence of the self-gravity of a steel strip in the experiment was not eliminated. In future research, the experimental method should be improved to eliminate the influence of the self-gravity of steel strips on the experiment.

Several porous silicon (PS) films with macropores are fabricated by electrochemical etching method using five different monohydric normal alcohol additives without any illumination. The experiment results show that as the number of carbon atoms increases, the branch length elongates, the pore density decreases because the ability of anisotropic etching of the solution is enhanced gradually and the space charge region (SCR) width of PS becomes larger. Furthermore, except for methanol (MeOH) and n-pentanol (n-PeOH), with the increasing number of carbon atoms in alcohol, the main pore size deceases and the depth increase because the isotropy becomes weaker. PS in MeOH has small main pore size and large depth because most of charges accumulated at the bottom of pores and promote the growth of the depth. PS in n-PeOH has a small depth because of its strong hydrophobicity property, which hinders the etching at the length direction. These experimental results demonstrate the important role of alcohols on the dissolution kinetics with silicon, which has a direct impact on the pore growth process.

The novel surface modification method of urchin-like serried hydroxyapatite (USHA) was reported in this work, and the effect of this method on mechanical and the remineralization performances of dental composites were also explored. A silica sol-gel layer (SSL) was firstly coated onto USHA surface using a sol-gel method with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as precursor, and the coating thickness of SSL was adjusted by the reaction time. The obtained TUSHA material was further modified with 3-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (γ-MPS) to get silanized TUSHA (STUSHA). Then, these STUSHA fillers with different loading fractions were used as the reinforcement for dental composites, and the unfilled resin matrix was used as control. The results demonstrated that the reaction time of the sol-gel method had a prominent effect on the morphologies of TUSHA, and the synthesized TUSHA-4 h (reaction time: 4 h) exhibited the entire urchin-like structure and the desirable SSL thickness. In addition, at the filler loading of 50 wt%, the composite reinforced with STUSHA-4 h presented the excellent overall performance, especially for flexural strength, and the desirable matrix/filler interfacial bonding. In vitro remineralization of this composite confirmed that thick and dense layers were covered on its surface. Therefore, the existence of SSL coating effectively enhanced the mechanical performance of dental composites without compromising the remineralization activity.

The morphological characteristics of the canal section are significantly different from those of natural rivers. In this paper, the cross-sectional morphological characteristics of the canal are studied based on the measured section data of the inland waterway in Jiangsu Province, China. A regression analysis of the cross-section of the canal revealed that the shape of the stable section conformed to the parabolic function, and parameter A can be used to characterize the width of the section. The statistical analysis of the width-to-depth ratio of cross sections revealed that the width-to-depth ratio distribution range in those canals has obvious geographical differences. It is suggested that the quadratic function coefficient A and the width-to-depth ratio can be used as the two cross-section parameters to describe the cross-sectional shape of the canal waterway

According to the demand of large data sorting algorithm, a new efficient algorithm for large data sorting is proposed. The algorithm by constructing the equivalent sort keys, optimized quicksort algorithm; through the technology of task driven, AIO and double buffer mechanism to make full use of system resources; in algorithm implementation, using multi thread processing tasks, by controlling the number of threads of control parallelism. Comprehensive utilization of these technologies, the algorithm will achieve the separation of database connections and threads, and improve the concurrency of database support, so that the ranking of big data performance close to the theoretical limit value.

Series of 76GeS2·19Ga2S3·5AgCl (GGA) chalcohalide glasses doped with or codoped with Dy3 +, Tm3 + were prepared in this work. Systematical detection of absorption and emission spectra in the near-infrared and mid-infrared region was conducted. For the Dy3 + sole-doped GGA chalcohalide glasses, mainly due to the relatively low efficiency of pumping absorption and poor radiative transition probabilities of mid-infrared emissions, the mid-infrared emissions were hardly to be detected. Through the codoping of Tm3 + with high concentration, several intrinsical processes including the enhancement of pumping absorptive efficiency at 808 nm, cross relaxation process of Tm3 +: 3H4 + 3H6 → 3F4 + 3F4 and energy transfer process of Tm3 +: 3F4 → Dy3 +: 6H11/2 are carried out, therefore relatively strong mid-infrared emissions at about 2900 and 4300 nm have been clearly observed.

Introduction: improve the level of curing severe coal mine trauma patients, find out the regulations and deficiencies of coal mine severe trauma treatment Method: summarize and analyze 144 case data of severe coal mine trauma patients from 5 hospitals in Liupanshui City from March 2014 to March 2017 Result: 144 severe coal mine trauma patients are all males and their average age is 40.92 years old. Most of them hospitalize in the ICU (admission from April to June, about 29.17%) while fewest of them (admission from July to September, about 17.26%). Most patients hospitalize in the ICU about 0.85 days after the severe coal mine trauma happens and the average treatment time of ICU is 15.15 days. Patient source comes most from the people of emergency (94.44%), fewest from the people who transferred after experienced treatment in other hospital. The average score of SOFA evaluation is 4.1 while the average score in APACHE II evaluation is 16.2. Most kind of work which trauma takes place easily is coal mining (74.31%); other jobs which trauma also happens are driving (7.64%), ventilation (8.33%), transportation (6.94%), electromechanics (1.39%). The main reason of trauma is roof failure (41.67%), and there’re other reasons like harvesters extrusion (36.11%), falling (7.64%), electromechanics explosion (7.64%), high gas (5.56%). The main hurt organs are craniocerebal, lung, abdomen, limbs, centrum, maxillofacial. The implementation rate of tertiary rescue is 79.86%. Finally, 135 people survive after treatment while 9 people die. Conclusion: The treatment of severe coal mine trauma has its own regulation and characteristic, attaching high importance to the coal mine security, tertiary rescue and trauma curing is benefit to improve the success rate of curing severe coal mine trauma.

BackgroundStudies of related individuals have consistently demonstrated notable familial aggregation of cancer. We aim to estimate the heritability and genetic correlation attributable to the additive effects of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for cancer at 13 anatomical sites.MethodsBetween 2007 and 2014, the US National Cancer Institute has generated data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 49 492 cancer case patients and 34 131 control patients. We apply novel mixed model methodology (GCTA) to this GWAS data to estimate the heritability of individual cancers, as well as the proportion of heritability attributable to cigarette smoking in smoking-related cancers, and the genetic correlation between pairs of cancers.ResultsGWAS heritability was statistically significant at nearly all sites, with the estimates of array-based heritability, hl (2), on the liability threshold (LT) scale ranging from 0.05 to 0.38. Estimating the combined heritability of multiple smoking characteristics, we calculate that at least 24% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14% to 37%) and 7% (95% CI = 4% to 11%) of the heritability for lung and bladder cancer, respectively, can be attributed to genetic determinants of smoking. Most pairs of cancers studied did not show evidence of strong genetic correlation. We found only four pairs of cancers with marginally statistically significant correlations, specifically kidney and testes (ρ = 0.73, SE = 0.28), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and pediatric osteosarcoma (ρ = 0.53, SE = 0.21), DLBCL and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (ρ = 0.51, SE =0.18), and bladder and lung (ρ = 0.35, SE = 0.14). Correlation analysis also indicates that the genetic architecture of lung cancer differs between a smoking population of European ancestry and a nonsmoking Asian population, allowing for the possibility that the genetic etiology for the same disease can vary by population and environmental exposures.ConclusionOur results provide important insights into the genetic architecture of cancers and suggest new avenues for investigation.

To prevent a future influenza A virus subtype pandemic outbreak, developing a broad-spectrum vaccine would be highly beneficial. The ion channel protein M2 is highly conserved in a diverse number of influenza A virus subtypes. This distinguishing characteristic makes M2 an attractive vaccine target for a broadly protective vaccine. We expressed a full-length M2 protein which was C-terminally fused to a small peptide in Escherichia coli. Because this recombinant M2 (rM2) protein forms multimeric complexes with high molecular weight, it serves as a potential immunogen. Antibodies induced by the rM2 protein prevented the replication of different subtypes of influenza A virus both in vitro and in vivo. Animal study demonstrated that rM2 immunization protected mice against influenza A virus infection via limiting replication of virus progeny in vivo and attenuating lung damage. As such, the M2 protein is a highly potential candidate for next generation vaccine development with the capability of protecting against various influenza A virus subtypes.

Objecttive:According to the difficult in selecting parameter of SVM when modeling on the gas quantitative analysis,and existing methods need long time to finish,SVM optimized by improved grid search method was proposed to built a model to quantitatively analyse infrared spectrum of CO2 gas. Methods:We analyze 15 samples of CO2 gas at concentrations ranging from 500 ppm to 18% based on SVM .According to this method,the spectrum data of CO2 is optimized.The kernel function leads SVM and calculate the concentration.By using improved grid search, quantitatively analyzed 15 different concentrations of CO2 in the range between 500 ppm~18%. Results:The experiment results show that this method gets c=1.412,g=0.25.And the prediction error is less than 5%.Conclusion:And method of grid search combined with SVM has a certain potential for development and mining space in gas quantitative analysis modeling in the infrared spectrum of CO2 gas. KeywordsSVM;grid search;gas sensor;infrared spectrum.

An optimized gas chamber structure is determined based on orthogonal experiment and numerical simulation combination method.The optimization of NDIR automobile exhaust sensor chamber structure includes three factors:gas chamber diameter, gas chamber length and opening way.By the experiment,it is shown that the optimized NDIR exhaust gas sensor has the advantage of good detection stability and fast response time.For example,the sensor detection stability is improved by 25.7% and the response time is improved by 38%,when detected the main component of automobile exhaust CO2(12.5%). Keywords—automobile exhaust sensor;NDIR;gas chamber structure;orthogonal experiment;numerical simulation

According to the difficult in selecting parameter of SVM when modeling on the gas quantitative analysis,and existing methods need long time,SVM optimized by improved grid search method was proposed to built an infrared spectrum quantitative analysis of gas.According to this method,the spectrum data of CO2 is optimized.The kernel function leads SVM and calculate the concentration.By using improved grid search, quantitatively analyzed 18 different concentrations of CO2 in the range between 1%~25%. The experiment results show that this method gets c=1,g=1,cvMSE=0.00413.And the prediction error is less than 4%, in line with national standards for exhaust emissions.

As an oxygenated additive, dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is usually blended with diesel fuel to improve combustion and reduce emissions of diesel engines. However, it is difficult to fuel diesel engines directly with DMC due to its low cetane number and high latent heat of vaporization. To study DMC combustion in diesel engines, this paper proposes an approach that combines internal exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) with a small injection of diesel fuel to ignite the DMC. Based on this approach, a two stroke, single cylinder diesel engine was developed. Preliminary studies demonstrated that this engine can be fueled with DMC with almost zero level of smoke and a low exhaust gas temperature. This DMC fueled engine has lower nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions and 2–3% higher effective thermal efficiency than the engine operated with diesel fuel in moderate and high load zones. Further experiments were conducted on a set of advanced digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) measurement system to study the DMC spray.

The Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT) plays a key role in the applications of Residue Number System(RNS). In this paper, a new extension algorithm for CRT is proposed. In which, a weight pre-assignment procedure is introduced into CRT under a few constrains. After this extension, CRT is just a special case of ECRT. An application example is also presented to demonstrate how to use ECRT. The qualitative analysis shows that we can get flexible conversion methods and reduce the circuit complexity in R/B (Residue to Binary) conversion by using ECRT.

We experimentally investigated the properties of the surface-microstructured silicon fabricated by 800 and 400 nm laser pulses. We found that as the increasing of pulse number, the average height of spikes fabricated by the 800 nm laser pulses increases more than that of the 400 nm laser pulses. This is due to that the formation of the conic spike structure is originated from the conical distribution of incident laser energy in the sample, and the height of cone is proportional to the penetration depth of the laser pulse. Additionally, by comparing the samples which have similar average height of spikes, we found that the denser interval of spikes fabricated by the 400 nm wavelength laser pulses has higher absorption coefficient than that of 800 nm laser pulses. These results are beneficial for the preparation of high absorption surface-microstructured silicon.

¶A lot of work on near surface turbulence characteristics has been done in the experimental study of atmospheric turbulence, but little work on fluctuating scalar field has been done, especially on some quantities such as moisture and pollution. In this paper, with the methods of statistical theory, Fourier transform, fractal geometry and wavelet transform, the turbulent moisture data obtained from Huaihe River Basin Experiment (HUBEX) are studied to explore the statistical, spectral, fractal and intermittent characteristics of turbulent moisture. The results show that: (1) In the high humid area such as Huaihe river basin, the moisture plays an important role in the surface energy balance, energy transportation and cycle. (2) The energy spectra and cospectra are in agreement with the “−2/3” and “−4/3” scaling power law correspondingly in inertial sub-range. (3) The fractal dimension of turbulent moisture in Huaihe river basin is clearly higher than that in other areas (such as Beijing). (4) The fluctuating moisture field has strong intermittency, and is not in accordance with the Kolmogorov theory. With the orthonormal wavelet transform, the dissipative events of the fluctuating moisture field contributing to inertial sub-range intermittency buildup have been identified. After the dissipative events have been suppressed by introducing a conditioning wavelet sampling scheme, the intermittency that affects the statistical structure of inertial sub-range is restrained. However the repressive effects of intermittency on turbulent moisture field are worse than those on turbulent velocity field. The reason may be either the intermittency of turbulent moisture is strong or some coherence structures exist in the turbulent moisture field.

Using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein, protein transport between an aqueous phase and a reversed micellar organic phase was examined. From near-infrared spectra and UV absorption spectra, it was confirmed that CTAB (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide)/hexanol octane reversed micellar solution is a suitable medium for BSA solubilization. It seems that the forward transfer efficiency depends not only on the parameters of the two phases (for example: the pH value, the concentration and species of ions in the aqueous phase, the content of surfactant and co-solvent in reversed micellar solution), but also the titration behaviour and the concentration of the protein in aqueous phase. The experimental results lead to the conclusion that the major driving force in the protein extraction is electrostatic interaction. A modified phenomenological thermodynamic model for reversed micellar extraction was presented, and shown to correlate the data on extraction efficiency of BSA with both pH value and surfactant concentration. The effects of various factors, such as pH, and the type and concentration of salt in stripping solution, on BSA back transfer were also studied. It was found that the backward transfer efficiency of BSA is strongly influenced by the type of ions in stripping solution. When the operation runs under optimized conditions and with suitable phase ratio, the recovery and concentration of protein were successfully obtained. In addition, the problems how long the reversed micellar solutions can be recycled and how much of the surfactant will be lost to the aqueous phase have been examined.

Diosgenin, a naturally occurring steroidal saponin, possess tumor therapeutic potential. However, the effect of diosgenin on cancer metastasis remains poorly understood. In this study, we performed in vitro experiments to investigate the inhibitory activity of diosgenin on human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell migration, and reveal the possible mechanism. Diosgenin caused a marked inhibition of cell migration in MDA-MB-231 cell by transwell assay. In addition, diosgenin significantly impacted MDA-MB-231 cell migratory behavior under real-time observation. We also found diosgenin significantly inhibited actin polymerization, Vav2 phosphorylation and Cdc42 activation, which might be, at least in part, attributed to the anti-metastatic potential of diosgenin. These findings reveal a new therapeutic potential of diosgenin for human breast cancer metastasis therapy.

Gantry crane is primary handling device in portal work, and also may cause serious accidences, so it is particularly important to monitor and assess the crane's structural health. By taking the gantry crane as a research object, ZigBee wireless network and the components of the structural health monitoring system based on ZigBee technology are introduced in this paper, and the testing point position is determined by application of finite element analysis. The structural health monitoring of the gantry crane is achieved.

China has been experiencing urbanization at an unprecedented rate over the last two decades. This study analyzes the impact of urbanization on land occupation. Cities are clustered by their functions and development stages, which is illustrated by a cluster tree, a dynamic tree that depicts the evolution of cities. The evolution tree in one year is used to predict the state of a city in a future time period. Another application of the evolution tree is to predict urban-type relevant phenomena, such as urban occupation. It is found that comprehensive cities, business cities, and manufacturing cities have higher urban expansion rates than tourist cities, with a few exceptions that focus on both industry and tourism. Meanwhile, the speed and extent of city land growth are dominated by industrialization stages and economic patterns, as well as leap-development. The methodology presented in this study is especially suitable for identifying transition paths of a stochastic process in a complex dataset of 253 cities in China.

A quantitative determination of the total alkaloid in Corydalis Ochotensis Turcz was established by acid dye colorimetry. The effects of wavelength, pH of the phosphate buffer and the quantity of acid dye were studied. Two different dyes were compared according to the yield of berberine hydrochloride. The method with bromophenol blue dye was proved to be more accurate, more stable with good reproducibility in testing experiments. So, it was fit for quantitative determination of total alkaloid in Corydalis Ochotensis Turcz.

In order to avoid the serious accident in the temporary work zone and in the mobile maintenance process, the collision performance is studied to the absorption unite, making the safety control in the highway work zone where there is a lot of mobile maintenance vehicle. The installment has good absorption energy ability, thus protects the passenger to be not injured or to reduce the injury the degree. Through the numerical method, the analysis method is established to describe effectively the entire process which the material structure is destroyed. Based on the non-linear finite element software, ANSYS/LS-DYNA, dynamics has been analyzed in the collision, and with the simulation result, optimization work zone is given. The research results showed that energy absorber possess is high about hybrid structure. The impact energy is absorbed by the way of bending plastic deformation energy and the energy-absorbing process is over while the spring-back happens.

A standardised methodology has been used to define genotypes based on pairwise sequence comparisons (PASC). PASC is a widely accepted method in virus taxonomy, which is based on the histogram of pairwised differences among sequences. Recently, Zhang et al. (2013) concluded that the average p-distance of duck circovirus (DuCV) between genotypes 1 and 2 was 0.170, and subtype distance thresholds were 0.032 in DuCV-1 and 0.018 in DuCV-2, respectively. However, there might be some concerns on the methodology application to define the genotype of DuCV. Taking into account the concerns mentioned above, our authors conducted the PASC analyses of 54 capsid gene (ORF2) and genomic sequences including all the sequences from Zhang et al. (2013). Our results confirmed the existence of two DuCV genotypes (1 and 2) and, we suggest that DuCV ORF2 and genomic distance genotype thresholds were 0.061 and 0.038, respectively.

A new method of diagnosing in-cylinder combustion deficiency, utilizing intra-cycle speed fluctuation by means of fuzzy clustering theory was developed in this paper. In the study, a self-researched condition monitor was used to acquire on-line test data of intra-cycle speed fluctuation. The experiments in SY492Q-(gasoline engine) showed that fault diagnosis using fuzzy clustering theory was advantageous for considering many factors and reliable under 2000rpm.

In view of the questions exist in the automobile exhaust component examination, the new sensor based on NDIR(Non-Dispersive Infra-Red) method is designed. The sensor simultaneously obtains CO, CO 2 and HC compound densities. Also, it outputs the measurement result by the digital signal through the serial port. So, the disturbance in transmission process can be avoided and the senor can be applied in digital processing equipment conveniently. The standard gas is used in the sensor demarcation, the result indicates that the sensor measuring accuracy meets the national standard.

We designed a system based on industrial computer to detect the concentrations of exhaust emissions. The paper illustrated the framework and work process of the system and introduced the software and commands designed for the system. The experiments indicated that the system had high accuracies.