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We define and study the Dirichlet fractional Gaussian fields on the Sierpinski gasket and show that they are limits of fractional discrete Gaussian fields defined on the sequence of canonical approximating graphs., v2: Accepted version, to appear in Stoch. Proc. Appl

Background: Due to the lack of effective drug treatment, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is prone to recurrence and metastasis after an operation. As a glycolytic inhibitor, 3-bromopyruvic acid (3-BrPA) can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of TNBC cells. However, whether it has similar effects in animal models remains unclear. Objective: To observe the effect of 3-BrPA on the growth and glucose metabolism of human TNBC transplanted tumors in nude mice and to investigate the mechanism. Methods: We constructed subcutaneous xenografts of human TNBC in nude mice and treated them with low, medium and high concentrations of 3-BrPA. After 15 days, nude mice were sacrificed to detect hexokinase (HK) activity and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content in tumor tissues. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to detect the damage of transplanted tumors and liver and kidney in nude mice, which 3-BrPA caused. The expression of c-Myc in tumor tissues was detected by Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining was used to detect the apoptosis of tumor tissues. Besides, the expressions of Cytc, Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-9 were detected by Western blotting. Results: Compared with the control group, intraperitoneal injection of 3-BrPA inhibited the growth of human TNBC transplant tumors, decreased HK activity and ATP production in tumor tissues, disrupted the tissue structure of transplant tumors, and did not significantly damage liver and kidney tissues. IHC staining and Western blotting showed that 3-BrPA could decrease the expression of c-Myc and Bcl-2, increase the expression of Cyt -c, Bax and Caspase-9 expression and promote apoptosis in tumor tissues. Conclusion: The above data indicate that 3-BrPA inhibits the growth of human TNBC transplanted tumors and promotes their apoptosis. Its anti-cancer mechanism might reduce HK activity by down-regulating c-Myc expression, eventually leading to decreased glycolytic pathway energy production and promoting apoptosis of transplanted tumors.

Background: Thrombocytopenia is common in preterm neonates. Platelet transfusions are sometimes given to thrombocytopenic neonates with the hope of reducing the bleeding risk, however, there are little clinical data to support this practice, and platelet transfusions may increase the bleeding risk or lead to adverse complications. Our group previously reported that fetal platelets expressed lower levels of immune-related mRNA compared with adult platelets. In this study, we focused on the effects of adult versus neonatal platelets on monocyte immune functions that may have an impact on neonatal immune function and transfusion complications. Methods: Using RNA sequencing of postnatal day 7 and adult platelets, we determined age-dependent platelet gene expression. Platelets and naive bone marrow–isolated monocytes were cocultured and monocyte phenotypes determined by RNA sequencing and flow cytometry. An in vivo model of platelet transfusion in neonatal thrombocytopenic mice was used in which platelet-deficient TPOR (thrombopoietin receptor) mutant mice were transfused with adult or postnatal day 7 platelets and monocyte phenotypes and trafficking were determined. Results: Adult and neonatal platelets had differential immune molecule expression, including Selp . Monocytes incubated with adult or neonatal mouse platelets had similar inflammatory (Ly6C hi ) but different trafficking phenotypes, as defined by CCR2 and CCR5 mRNA and surface expression. Blocking P-sel (P-selectin) interactions with its PSGL-1 (P-sel glycoprotein ligand-1) receptor on monocytes limited the adult platelet-induced monocyte trafficking phenotype, as well as adult platelet-induced monocyte migration in vitro. Similar results were seen in vivo, when thrombocytopenic neonatal mice were transfused with adult or postnatal day 7 platelets; adult platelets increased monocyte CCR2 and CCR5, as well as monocyte chemokine migration, whereas postnatal day 7 platelets did not. Conclusions: These data provide comparative insights into adult and neonatal platelet transfusion–regulated monocyte functions. The transfusion of adult platelets to neonatal mice was associated with an acute inflammatory and trafficking monocyte phenotype that was platelet P-sel dependent and may have an impact on complications associated with neonatal platelet transfusions.

In this paper, we propose a new spectral-based approach to hypothesis testing for populations of networks. The primary goal is to develop a test to determine whether two given samples of networks come from the same random model or distribution. Our test statistic is based on the trace of the third order for a centered and scaled adjacency matrix, which we prove converges to the standard normal distribution as the number of nodes tends to infinity. The asymptotic power guarantee of the test is also provided. The proper interplay between the number of networks and the number of nodes for each network is explored in characterizing the theoretical properties of the proposed testing statistics. Our tests are applicable to both binary and weighted networks, operate under a very general framework where the networks are allowed to be large and sparse, and can be extended to multiple-sample testing. We provide an extensive simulation study to demonstrate the superior performance of our test over existing methods and apply our test to three real datasets.

In response to the closures of test centers worldwide due to the COVID-19 pandemic, several testing programs offered large-scale standardized assessments to examinees remotely. However, due to the varying quality of the performance of personal devices and internet connections, more at-home examinees likely suffered “disruptions” or an interruption in the connectivity to their testing session compared to typical test-center administrations. Disruptions have the potential to adversely affect examinees and lead to fairness or validity issues. The goal of this study was to investigate the extent to which disruptions impacted performance of at-home examinees using data from a large-scale admissions test. Specifically, the study involved comparing the average test scores of the disrupted examinees with those of the non-disrupted examinees after weighting the non-disrupted examinees to resemble the disrupted examinees along baseline characteristics. The results show that disruptions had a small negative impact on test scores on average. However, there was little difference in performance between the disrupted and non-disrupted examinees after removing records of the disrupted examinees who were unable to complete the test.

Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) has been used by patients with acquired expressive communication disorders as an alternative to natural speech. The use of symbols to express pain, which is intangible, is challenging because designing a series of comprehensible symbols to represent personal experiences such as pain is not straightforward. This study describes (a) the development of symbols to express pain that were derived from Chinese pain-related similes and metaphors for an AAC mobile application developed specifically for this study known as PainDiary and (b) an assessment of the appropriateness of the app compared to conventional methods of collecting pain information. The symbols depicted headache pain and discomfort, which is prevalent among neurosurgical patients. The participants were 31 patients diagnosed with acquired expressive communication disorders who were receiving treatment in a neurosurgery general ward of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan and 14 nurses who worked on the ward. Pain information was collected by nurses using conventional methods and the PainDiary app. Assessment data, including the accuracy and efficiency of and user satisfaction with PainDiary, are compared. The results show that use of the app was effective in reporting pain and that patients required less time to report a pain event. The results further indicate that the PainDiary app was better received by younger individuals than by their older counterparts.

As an important renewable resource, wave energy has considerable development value and application prospects. How to design a wave energy conversion device to maximize the output power is an urgent problem in its practical application. In this paper, we mainly study the principle of wave energy device capacity, the motion and power model of the constructed wave energy device, and finally design a specific scheme to achieve the maximum output power of wave energy through kinetic analysis, the fourth-order ordinary differential equation solved by the Longacurta method, and the Simpson integral method. At the end of the paper, the developed model is objectively evaluated and the potential value of the developed model in practical wave energy device applications is illustrated.

Background: Cancer is associated with metabolic changes from increased cell proliferation and growth. Compared to normal differentiated cells, MM cells use the glycolytic pathway even when adequate oxygen is present triggering “Glutamine addiction”. Objective: To investigate the single and combined effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and telaglenastat, a glutaminase inhibitor, on the proliferation and apoptosis of the multiple myeloma cell line KM3/BTZ. Methods: KM3/BTZ cells were treated with different concentrations of telaglenastat and EGCG alone or in combination to investigate their effect on proliferation and apoptosis using the CCK8 assay, flow cytometry, and western blotting. The Chou-Talalay combination index analysis was used to explore the effect of telaglenastat combined with EGCG, while the Combination Index (CI) was calculated to analyze whether the combination of the two drugs had a synergistic effect. Results: Telaglenastat and EGCG alone as well as in combination (5 μmol/L telaglenastat + 120 μmol/L EGCG) significantly inhibited the proliferation of KM3/BTZ cells compared to the inhibition effect of the control. Additionally, the combined treatment increased the proportion of KM3/BTZ cells in the G2 phase and decreased the proportion of cells in the G1 phase. The apoptosis rate of EGCG alone and the combined treatment was significantly higher than that of the control group. Bax protein expression was highest in the combined treatment group, whereas Bcl-2 expression was lowest, with the combined treatment group having the highest ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. Conclusion: Telaglenastat and EGCG act synergistically to inhibit cell proliferation and promote apoptosis in KM3/BTZ cells, possibly by targeting glutamine metabolism and glycolysis.

Colloidal 2D semiconductor nanocrystals, the analogue of solid-state quantum wells, have attracted strong interest in material science and physics. Molar quantities of suspended quantum objects with spectrally pure absorption and emission can be synthesized. For the visible region, CdSe nanoplatelets with atomically precise thickness and tailorable emission have been (almost) perfected. For the near-infrared region, PbS nanosheets (NSs) hold strong promise, but the photoluminescence quantum yield is low and many questions on the crystallinity, atomic structure, intriguing rectangular shape, and formation mechanism remain to be answered. Here, we report on a detailed investigation of the PbS NSs prepared with a lead thiocyanate single source precursor. Atomically resolved HAADF-STEM imaging reveals the presence of defects and small cubic domains in the deformed orthorhombic PbS crystal lattice. Moreover, variations in thickness are observed in the NSs, but only in steps of 2 PbS monolayers. To study the reaction mechanism, a synthesis at a lower temperature allowed for the study of reaction intermediates. Specifically, we studied the evolution of pseudo-crystalline templates toward mature, crystalline PbS NSs. We propose a self-induced templating mechanism based on an oleylamine-lead-thiocyanate (OLAM-Pb-SCN) complex with two Pb-SCN units as a building block; the interactions between the long-chain ligands regulate the crystal structure and possibly the lateral dimensions.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and toxicity of intravenous use of White Tea Extract Liquid (WT) in rabbits through routine blood tests and biochemical and histopathological means. Design and methods: This study used the WT product produced by the company and the New Zealand rabbits at 2.0~2.5 kg of weight. Rabbits were divided into two groups: Control and WT groups. In the WT group, the diluted WT injection volume needed to be injected was calculated according to their body weight on days 1, 4, 7 and 11...... for 4 weeks respectively. During the1, 2 and 4 weeks of the experiment, blood routine, blood biochemistry and the histopathological sections of the heart, spleen, lung, trachea, kidney, bladder, uterus, testicle, stomach, liver, small intestine, big intestine were evaluated in the study. Findings: By comparison, the blood routine test did not deviate from the normal ranges provided by the diagnostic laboratory. The blood biochemical indexes of all experimental rabbits are within a reasonable range and did not detect clinically significant abnormalities between treatment and control groups. The WT had no obvious inflammatory change in the whole tissue and no harmful effect on the organs of various systems of the rabbits’ system for 4 weeks. Conclusions: After intravenous injection for 4 weeks in rabbits, white tea herb atomization liquid did not produce obvious toxic effects on the animals.